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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressive headache and fatigue for the past 2 months. One year ago, she was diagnosed with Cushing disease, which was ultimately treated with bilateral adrenalectomy. Current medications are hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Examination shows generalized hyper... | C: Perform radiotherapy of the pituitary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to her family doctor worried that she might have a heart condition. For the past 7 months, she has been having short panic attacks where she feels short of breath, sweaty, and feels like her heart wants to jump out her chest. During these attacks, she feels like she ‘is going crazy’. She ... | A: Panic disorder and agoraphobia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a mild headache, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea over the past several hours. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She lives in a basement apartment and uses a wood stove for heating. Her temperature is 36°C (96.8°F) and pulse ... | D: Inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman with a history of anorexia nervosa diagnosed 2 years ago presents for follow up. She says that, although she feels some improvement with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), she is still struggling with her body image and fears gaining weight. She says that for the past 3 weeks she has noticed her ... | E: Lower extremity edema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man with a long-standing history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents to the clinic for progressive shortness of breath. The patient reports generalized fatigue, distress, and difficulty breathing that is exacerbated with exertion. Physical examination demonstrates clubbing of the fi... | B: Competitive inhibition of endothelin-1 receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 0, at 8 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. The previous pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion between the 8th and 10th week of gestation. She feels well but is worried about having another miscarriage. She has no history of serious illness. Previous ... | C: Aspirin and enoxaparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old Caucasian woman presents to her primary care physician’s office with a chief complaint of excessive facial and arm hair. On further questioning, she reveals that in the past year, she has often gone more than 3 months without menstruating. On exam she is well-appearing; her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C),... | E: Rx: Weight loss, CC: Insulin resistance and lipid dysfunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after sustaining a gunshot wound to the abdomen. On arrival, he is awake and oriented to person, place, and time. He appears agitated. His pulse is 102/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 115/70 mm Hg. The pupils are equal and reactiv... | A: CT scan of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents with fatigue. She says that her symptoms have gradually onset after she recently had a total thyroidectomy due to Graves’ disease. Past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. The patient is afebrile, and her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination is unremarkable. L... | E: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old female presents to her gynecologist for a check-up. She has had normal Pap smears as recommended every 3 years since she turned 30 years old. The physician conducts a pelvic examination that is without abnormality and obtains a cervical Pap smear. The results of the patient's Pap smear from the visit re... | D: Perform colposcopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 88-year-old man is brought to his primary care physician by his son. The patient has been in excellent health his entire life, but in the last few years appears to have grown steadily confused. He frequently calls his son about things that they have already discussed, forgets where he has placed his keys, and rece... | B: Cortical atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents to the family medicine clinic to be evaluated by her physician for weight gain. She reports feeling fatigued most of the day despite eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly. The patient smokes a half-pack of cigarettes daily and has done so for the last 23 years. She is employed as... | A: Hepatitis B vaccination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of progressive shortness of breath and chest pressure with exertion. Cardiac examination shows a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur that is heard best in the second right intercostal space. Radial pulses are decreased and delayed bilaterally. Tr... | B: 10.2 mm2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn male born prematurely at 33 weeks is noted to have mild dyspnea and difficulty with feeding. Examination reveals bounding peripheral radial pulses and a continuous 'machine-like' murmur. The patient is subsequently started on indomethacin. Which of the following is the embryologic origin of the structure mo... | D: 6th aortic arch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old female visits your obstetrics clinic for her first prenatal check up. It's her first month of pregnancy and other than morning sickness, she is feeling well. Upon inquiring about her past medical history, the patient admits that she used to be very fearful of weight gain and often used laxatives to los... | B: Postpartum depression for mother |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician's office for a well child checkup. He does not speak during the visit and will not make eye contact. The father explains that the child has always been shy with strangers. However, the child speaks a lot at home and with friends. He can speak in 4 word sentences, tells st... | E: Selective mutism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man with Alzheimer disease is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after ingesting an unknown amount of his medications in a suicide attempt. He reports abdominal cramps, diarrhea, diaphoresis, and muscular weakness and spasms in his extremities. His temperature is 38.4°C (101.1°F), pulse is 5... | E: Pralidoxime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of diarrhea and abdominal pain. She returned from a trip to Egypt 4 weeks ago. Her vital signs are within normal limits. There is mild tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Stool studies show occult blood and unicellular organisms with engulfed e... | B: Metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. She is alert, awake, and oriented. There is no family history of serious illness and her only medication is an oral contraceptive. Her temperature is 37.3°C (99°F), pulse is 100/min, respirations are 20/min, ... | A: Reassurance and observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two hours after a 2280-g male newborn is born at 38 weeks' gestation to a 22-year-old primigravid woman, he has 2 episodes of vomiting and jitteriness. The mother has noticed that the baby is not feeding adequately. She received adequate prenatal care and admits to smoking one pack of cigarettes daily while pregnant.... | E: Intrauterine hypoxia " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of dark urine and decreased urine output for 2 days. He had a skin infection that required antibiotic treatment 3 weeks ago but stopped the antibiotics early because the infection had resolved. His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Physical examination shows periorbital ... | E: Elevated Anti-DNase B titer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy with a history of fetal alcohol syndrome is brought by his mother to the emergency room for malaise and lethargy. His mother reports that the family was on vacation in a cabin in the mountains for the past 10 days. Five days ago, the child developed a fever with a max temperature of 102.6°F (39.2°F).... | A: Microvesicular steatosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the ED with a diffuse, erythematous rash in the setting of nausea, vomiting, and fever for 2 days. Physical exam reveals a soaked tampon in her vagina. Blood cultures are negative. The likely cause of this patient's disease binds to which molecule on T cells?? {'A': 'CD3', 'B': 'Gamma ... | D: Variable beta portion of the T-cell receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pain and swelling of her left foot. Three days ago, she cut her foot on an exposed rock at the beach. Her temperature is 37.7°C (100°F). Examination of the left foot shows edema around a fluctuant erythematous lesion on the lateral foot. Which of the following is ... | E: Separation of endothelial junctions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman with a history of atrial arrhythmia arrives in the emergency department with complaints of tinnitus, headache, visual disturbances, and severe diarrhea. The patient is given oxygen by nasal cannula. ECG leads, pulse oximeter and an automated blood pressure cuff are applied. The patient suddenly fa... | B: Quinidine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old soldier is rescued from a helicopter crash in the Arctic Circle and brought back to a treatment facility at a nearby military base. On arrival, the patient's wet clothes are removed. He appears pale and is not shivering. He is unresponsive to verbal and painful stimuli. His temperature is 27.4°C (81.3°F... | D: Intravenous administration of warmed normal saline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of right knee pain for 1 week. The pain began after the patient twisted her knee during basketball practice. At the time of the injury, she felt a popping sensation and her knee became swollen over the next few hours. The pain is exacerbated by walking up ... | A: Hyperintense line in the meniscus on MRI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man living in a remote tropical village presents with a swollen left leg and scrotum (see image). He says that his symptoms started more than 2 years ago with several small swollen areas near his groin and have gradually and progressively worsened. He has also noticed that over time, there has been a pr... | A: Mosquito |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old female is found to have an inherited deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. Skin biopsy shows accumulation of ceramide trihexose in the tissue. Which of the following abnormalities would be expected in this patient?? {'A': 'Cherry red spots on macula', 'B': 'Histiocytes with a wrinkled tissue paper appear... | E: Angiokeratomas |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents to your office with 4 days of fever, sore throat, generalized aching, arthralgias, and tender nodules on both of her shins that arose in the last 48 hours. Her medical history is negative for disease and she does not take oral contraceptives or any other medication regularly. The physical... | E: Erythema nodosum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of weakness of his left leg for the past 30 minutes. His pants are soaked with urine. He has hypertension and atrial fibrillation. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 98/min, and blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg. Examination shows equal pupils that... | C: Intracellular depletion of ATP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old male presents to his primary care physician after an injury during a rugby game. The patient states that he was tackled and ever since then has had pain in his knee. The patient has tried NSAIDs and ice to no avail. The patient has no past medical history and is currently taking a multivitamin, fish oil... | B: Lateral collateral ligament tear |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department due to the gradual worsening of confusion and lethargy for the past 5 days. Her son reports that she had recovered from a severe stomach bug with vomiting and diarrhea 3 days ago without seeing a physician or going to the hospital. The patient’s past medical... | C: Increased BUN/creatinine ratio |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting, stating that he “can’t keep anything down”. He states that the pain has been gradually getting worse over the past 2 months, saying that, at first, it was present only an hour after he ate but now is constan... | B: Mass effect from a tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old college student has elevated stress levels due to her rigorous academic schedule, social commitments, and family pressures. She complains of never having enough time for all her responsibilities. Which of the following hormones acts by intracellular receptors to exert the physiologic effects of her stre... | A: Cortisol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old female is referred to an oncologist for evaluation of a breast lump that she noticed two weeks ago while doing a breast self-examination. Her past medical history is notable for essential hypertension and major depressive disorder for which she takes lisinopril and escitalopram, respectively. Her temper... | B: Dexrazoxane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents with frequent headaches for the past few months. She says the pain starts randomly and is unrelated to any stimulus. She also says that has difficulty falling asleep and has had problems concentrating at work for several months. While she occasionally thinks about committing suicide, she ... | C: Blockage of α1 adrenergic receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new real time-PCR test for the hepatitis C virus is approved for medical use. The manufacturer sets the threshold number of DNA copies required to achieve a positive result such that the sensitivity is 98% and the specificity is 80%. The tested population has a hepatitis C prevalence of 0.7%. Which of the following... | B: An increase in prevalence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4080-g (9-lb) male newborn is delivered at term to a 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1. Apgar scores are 8 and 9 at 1- and 5-minutes, respectively. Examination in the delivery room shows both feet pointing downwards and inwards. Both the forefeet are twisted medially in adduction, with the hindfeet elevated and ... | D: Repositioning and serial casting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4390-g (9-lb 11-oz) male newborn is delivered at term to a 28-year-old primigravid woman. Pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus. Labor was prolonged by the impaction of the fetal shoulder and required hyperabduction of the left upper extremity. Apgar scores were 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, resp... | C: Absent unilateral grasp reflex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl presents to the emergency department after persistent vomiting and complaints that her abdomen hurts. Her parents came home to their daughter like this while she was at home being watched by the babysitter. The child is otherwise healthy. Family history is notable for depression, suicide, neuropathi... | C: Iron |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue, worsening swelling of her ankles, and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight gain. Neurologic examination shows diminished two-point discrimination in her fingers. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin A1c concentration of 9.2% and a creatinine concent... | E: Nodular glomerulosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old male with light purple eyes presents with gradual loss of bilateral visual acuity. Over the past several years, vision has worsened from 20/20 to 20/100 in both eyes. He also has mild nystagmus when focusing on objects such as when he is trying to do his homework. He is diagnosed with a disease affecti... | D: Male: 50% Female: 0% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man comes to his primary care physician because he has been having diarrhea and difficulty breathing. The diarrhea has been intermittent with frequent watery stools that occur along with abdominal cramps. Furthermore, the skin on his face and upper chest feels hot and changes color in episodes lasting f... | B: It also arises in the GI tract |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his foster mother because of complaints from his teachers regarding poor performance at school for the past 8 months. He does not listen to their instructions, often talks during class, and rarely completes his school assignments. He does not sit in his seat in the cla... | D: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old Caucasian male is brought to the emergency room for recurrent diarrhea. He has had multiple upper respiratory infections since birth and does not take any medications at home. It is determined that Giardia lamblia is responsible for the recurrent diarrhea. The physician performs a serum analysis and fin... | C: Deficiency in IgA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Paramedics are called to a 35-year-old man who had accidentally amputated his left index finger tip with a knife. He has no significant past medical history. His temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), pulse is 96/min, and blood pressure is 112/72 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 99%. His left in... | D: Wrap finger tip in gauze damp with saline in a sealed plastic bag placed on ice water |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old medical student presents to a community health center due to an episode of loss of consciousness 3 days ago. She also has a history of multiple episodes of dizziness in the last year. These episodes almost always occur when she is observing surgery in the operating room. She describes her dizziness as a... | B: Electrocardiogram (ECG) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old Caucasian female presents to her primary care provider complaining of intermittent chest pain. She reports that over the past 6 months, she has developed burning chest pain that occurs whenever she exerts herself. The pain decreases when she rests. Her past medical history is notable for type II diabete... | D: Mevalonic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of impotence. He reports that he has a healthy, long-term relationship with a woman whom he hopes to marry, but he is embarrassed that he is unable to have an erection. Which of the following is the next best step?? {'A': 'Obtain a sperm sample', 'B... | B: Evaluate nocturnal tumescence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A cohort study was done to assess the differential incidence of diabetes in patients consuming a typical western diet, versus those consuming a Mediterranean diet. A total of 600 subjects were included with 300 in each arm. Results are as follows: Diabetes development No-diabetes development Western diet 36 264 Medit... | C: 4.4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are investigating the effects of an Amazonian plant extract as a novel therapy for certain types of tumors. When applied to tumor cells in culture, the extract causes widespread endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent cell death. Further experiments show that the extract acts on an important member of... | E: Covalent bonds between carboxyl and amino groups |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman accompanied by her husband presents to the emergency department after loss of consciousness 30 minutes ago. The husband reports that she was sitting in a chair at home and began having sustained rhythmic contractions of all 4 extremities for approximately 1 minute. During transport via ambulance s... | D: Surreptitious insulin use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 36-year-old Caucasian man takes part in an experimental drug trial. The drug is designed to lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) while simultaneously raising the filtration fraction. Which of the following effects on the glomerulus would you expect the drug to have?? {'A': 'Afferent arteriole constriction... | B: Afferent arteriole constriction and efferent arteriole constriction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pathologist is investigating the cytology of cells that have been infected with a particularly virulent strain of the influenza virus. The physician suspects that the virus results in cell death after viral replication in order to expedite the spread of the virus. She recalls that there are three known biochemical ... | B: Caspase-3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is hospitalized because of increased fatigue and weight loss over the past 2 months. The patient has no personal or family history of a serious illness. She takes no medications, currently. Her blood pressure is 175/74 mm Hg on the left arm and 90/45 on the right. The radial pulse is 84/min but wea... | A: Carvedilol + hydrochlorothiazide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A neonate appears irritable and refuses to feed. The patient is febrile and physical examination reveals a bulge at the anterior fontanelle. A CSF culture yields Gram-negative bacilli that form a metallic green sheen on eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar. The virulence factor most important to the development of infecti... | E: K capsule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old female is brought to the primary care clinic by her mother. The mother is concerned about her daughter’s grades, which have been recently slipping. Per the mother, the patient usually earns a mix of As and Bs in her classes, but this past semester she has been getting Cs and a few Ds. Her mother is also... | E: Reassure the patient that there is confidentiality in this situation but encourage her to tell her mother |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of severe, retrosternal chest pain. She also has pain when swallowing solid food and medications. She has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, poorly-controlled asthma, and osteoporosis. She was recently admitted to the hospital for an acute as... | B: Discontinue alendronate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of irritability, nausea, and diarrhea. She has a history of recreational oxycodone use and last took a dose 48 hours ago. Physical examination shows mydriasis, rhinorrhea, and piloerection. A drug is administered that provides an effect similar to oxycodone but ... | C: Lower efficacy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to a clinic with complaints of fever and sore throat for 2 days. This morning, she developed a rash on her face and neck which is progressing towards the trunk. The teachers in her school report that none of her classmates has similar symptoms. She has a normal birth history. On physical ... | A: Scarlet fever |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old healthy male infant is born with normal internal and external male reproductive organs. Karyotype analysis reveals a 46XY genotype. Production of what substance by which cell type is responsible for the development of the normal male seminal vesicles, epididymides, ejaculatory ducts, and ductus deferens??... | D: Testosterone; Leydig cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with 3 months of increasing fatigue. He says that he has been feeling short of breath while walking to his office from the parking lot and is no longer able to participate in recreational activities that he enjoys such as hiking. His wife also comments that he ... | B: Increased production of platelet derived growth factor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man is referred to the outpatient psychiatry clinic for depressed mood. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer recently. Since then, he has not been able to go to work. Over the past several weeks, he has had significant unintentional weight loss and several bouts of epigastric pain. He lost his father... | A: This patient must have anhedonia or depressed mood. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The patient has received 4 units of packed red blood cells during the surgery. During the first 24 hours following the procedure, he has only passed 200 mL of urine. He has congestive heart failure and hypertension. ... | D: Low urine sodium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of 2 episodes of screaming in the night over the past week. The parents report that their son woke up suddenly screaming, crying, and aggressively kicking his legs around both times. The episodes lasted several minutes and were accompanied by sweatin... | C: Sleep terror disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for fatigue. The patient reports that he was supposed to try out for winter track this year, but he had to quit because his “legs just give up.” He also reports increased difficulty breathing with exercise but denies chest pain or palpitations. He has no ... | A: Abnormal dystrophin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 1-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-day history of multiple episodes of bilious vomiting. She is diagnosed with intestinal malrotation and volvulus and undergoes emergency laparotomy. During surgery, a 3 x 3 cm cystic mass is excised from behind the umbilicus. Microscopic ... | C: Vitelline duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of right flank pain and vomiting for 5 hours. She has had fever and chills for the past 2 days. She attended a barbecue 3 days ago, where she ate egg salad. She underwent surgery for left ovarian torsion a year ago. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals... | E: Pyelonephritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for a recurring cough and difficult breathing. He was tentatively diagnosed with asthma last year, and the mother was advised to administer albuterol nebulizers at home when symptoms occur. The boy has only required nebulizers once every 10 days. The mothe... | C: Chart C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old African-American woman is brought to the emergency department by her home health aid. The patient was eating breakfast this morning when she suddenly was unable to lift her spoon with her right hand. She attempted to get up from the table, but her right leg felt weak. One hour later in the emergency dep... | A: The most important risk factors are hypertension and diabetes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male presents to your office for follow-up after an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed the presence of esophageal varices. His medical history is significant for cirrhosis caused by heavy alcohol abuse for the past 20 years. He was instructed to follow-up with his primary care physician for ... | C: Nadolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is taken to the ER by his parents due to his elevated temperature. He has had a fever (>101.1 deg F) for a little over a week, and over that time, his parents noticed his eyes had gotten a little pink, and his palms and soles were red and swollen. His lips and tongue are also peeling. His parents not... | B: Coronary artery aneurysms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman seeks evaluation at a local walk-in clinic for severe lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and painful intercourse for the last couple of weeks. Her last day of menstruation was 1 week ago, and since then the pain has worsened. She is an out-of-town college student engaged in an open relations... | A: Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the physician because of a rash on the thigh for 10 days. He reports that the rash has been enlarging and is intensely itchy. Two weeks ago, he adopted a stray dog from an animal shelter. Vital signs are within normal limits. A photograph of the examination findings is shown. Which of the f... | D: Dermatophyte infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man with hypertension comes to the physician for a routine follow-up evaluation. His blood pressure is 146/98 mm Hg. The physician wishes to prescribe lisinopril. The patient says that his blood pressure is high when he is “anxious” and requests alprazolam instead of lisinopril. Which of the following i... | D: “What have you heard about the use of alprazolam to treat high blood pressure?” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old right-handed male is brought in by ambulance after being found down in his home. After being aroused, the patient has difficulty answering questions and appears to be frustrated by his inability to communicate. He is able to speak his name and a few other words but his speech is not fluent. Subsequent n... | A: Inferior frontal gyrus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the emergency department for a 1-hour history of right arm weakness. He was having breakfast this morning when his right arm suddenly became weak, causing him to drop his coffee mug. He also noticed that he was slurring his speech and had some additional weakness in his right leg. He had... | A: Carotid endarterectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman is seen in the hospital for neutropenic fever. She was admitted 1 week ago for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Due to her chemotherapy, she became pancytopenic. Last night, during a packed red blood cell transfusion, she became febrile to 102.6°F (39.3°C), her blood pressure was 92/55, pul... | A: ABO incompatibility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old African-American boy presents with a rapid onset of severe abdominal pain. He has a palpably enlarged mass in the left upper quadrant of his abdomen. Complete blood count is notable for a hemoglobin of 7.2 g/dL. Serum haptoglobin level returns normal. Serum unconjugated bilirubin is elevated. The correct... | E: Extravascular hemolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a persistent cough for the past 2 weeks. During this time, he has also had occasional discomfort in his chest. Three weeks ago, he had a sore throat, headache, and a low-grade fever, which were treated with acetaminophen and rest. He has a history of hypertension an... | B: CT scan of the chest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old male with cirrhosis, dementia, and Parkinson-like symptoms is diagnosed with a hereditary metabolic disease resulting from the accumulation of a certain metal in various tissues. Impairment of which of the following elimination pathways is most likely responsible?? {'A': 'Secretion into bile', 'B': 'Loo... | A: Secretion into bile |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An x-ray of the chest shows an extensive consolidation within the right lower lobe consistent with lobar pneumonia. Sputum and blood cultures are sent to the laboratory for analysis, and empiric antibiotic treatment with intravenous cefotaxime is begun. Which of the following is most likely to have prevented this pat... | A: Incentive spirometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man with history of diabetes and hypertension suffers a cardiac arrest at home. The family calls 911, yet no one performs CPR. Five minutes after the arrest, EMS arrives to begin resuscitation. At this point, which region of the CNS is most likely to suffer ischemic damage?? {'A': 'Thalamus', 'B': 'Spin... | E: Hippocampus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital because of chest pain and dyspnea. Serum troponin levels are elevated and an ECG shows ST-segment depressions in the lateral leads. Percutaneous coronary angiography is performed and occlusion of the distal left anterior descending coronary a... | E: Glanzmann thrombasthenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after a below-knee amputation of the right lower leg. Three weeks ago, he had an acute arterial embolism that could not be revascularized in time to save the leg. He now reports episodic hot, shooting, and tingling pain in the right lower leg that b... | A: Phantom limb pain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four days after undergoing liver transplantation, a 47-year-old man develops fever, chills, malaise, and confusion while in the intensive care unit. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.4°F). Blood cultures grow an organism. Microscopic examination of this organism after incubation at 25°C (77°F) for 3 hours is shown. Whic... | B: Candida albicans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents to his primary care provider for a routine checkup. He feels well and has no complaints. He is the captain of his high school football team and will be attending college on a football scholarship the following year. His past medical history is unremarkable. He underwent a laparoscopic appe... | A: Hepatic adenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man with a 4-year history of Parkinson disease comes to the physician for evaluation of his medication. Since his last visit one year ago, he has had increased tremor and bradykinesia up to an hour before his next scheduled dose and sometimes feels like he does not respond to some doses at all. One week... | B: Entacapone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman has a follow-up visit with her psychiatrist. She was recently diagnosed with major depressive disorder and was started on citalopram 3 months ago. Her dosage was increased one time 6 weeks ago. She has come in to discuss her progress and notes that she feels “normal again” and “happier” and has no... | B: Maintain the current dose of citalopram for several months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old construction worker presents to the emergency department two hours after sustaining a deep laceration to his left forearm by a piece of soiled and rusted sheet metal. His vital signs are stable, there is no active bleeding, his pain is well controlled, and a hand surgeon has been notified about damage t... | E: Tetanus vaccine + immunoglobulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents with a feeling of pelvic pressure which worsens with prolonged standing, pain on sexual intercourse, and lower back pain. She reports no urinary or fecal incontinence. She is G3P3 with no history of any gynecological disease and is premenopausal. All pregnancies were without complication ... | A: Rectovaginal fascia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 1-hour history of shortness of breath and chest pain. She said that the symptoms came on suddenly and that the chest pain is worse when she tries to take a deep breath. Her past medical history is significant for a previous deep venous thrombosis for whi... | B: Carbamazepine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:5 days after receiving chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, a 74-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She feels well and has no complaints. Her leukocyte count is 3,500/mm3 (11% neutrophils and 89% lymphocytes). This patient's profound granulocytopenia is most likely to predispose her to inf... | A: Enterococcus faecalis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to your office because he noticed a "weird patch" on the floor of his mouth. He states that he noticed it a few months ago, but did not report it because it did not hurt. However, he is concerned because it has not regressed and seems to have changed in shape. On examination, you notice the... | C: This lesion necessitates biopsy. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of worsening fatigue for 1 week. She also has a 1-year history of hand pain and stiffness. Four months ago, she started a new medication for these symptoms. Medications used prior to that included ibuprofen, prednisone, and hydroxychloroquine. Examination show... | E: Leucovorin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old previously healthy female presents to her primary care physician with double vision. She first noted the double vision yesterday and saw no improvement this morning. She does not think it is worsening. She has not had any changes in her normal routine though she recalls one episode of right arm weakness... | A: Horizontal nystagmus in the left eye on leftward gaze |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A team of researchers is investigating different mechanisms of transmitting sensory information in the body. They are particularly interested in the different types of sensory receptors. From a sample of tissue, they isolate a receptor that is encased in deep skin layers and joints. The receptor adapts quickly and th... | D: Large, myelinated fibers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old African American woman comes to the emergency department with intermittent and progressively worsening dizziness with near-fainting incidents for the last 3 weeks. She denies fever, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, or chest pain. Her medical history is significant for a chronic cough and intermittent skin... | E: Sarcoidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of unintentional weight gain of 5.5 kg (12.2 lb) and irregular menstrual cycles over the past 2 months. She does not take any medications. Her blood pressure is 155/85 mm Hg. Physical examination shows central obesity, hyperpigmentation of the palmar creases, ... | D: Bilateral hyperplasia of the zona fasciculata |
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