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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of nausea and vomiting. She has not had fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vaginal bleeding. She does not remember the date of her last menstrual period. She uses oral contraceptive pills but occasionally forgot to take them. She had pelvic infla... | C: Transvaginal ultrasound in 4 days |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man with chronic kidney disease presents for significant back pain that has gotten worse in the past 2 days. On exam, the patient has a moderate kyphosis with decreased range of motion of the spine secondary to pain. The patient has no neurologic deficits but is in severe pain. Lab work reveals a low no... | D: Increased bone turnover |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman brought to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of palpitations and shortness of breath. She has congestive heart failure. Current medications include furosemide, lisinopril, and atenolol. Her pulse is 124/min and irregularly irregular, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Examinati... | C: Increase in vagal tone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the physician with pain in his right calf over the last 3 months. He mentions that the pain typically occurs after he walks approximately 100 meters and subsides after resting for 5 minutes. His medical history is significant for hypercholesterolemia, ischemic heart disease, and bilatera... | C: Cilostazol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying mechanisms of urea excretion in humans. During the experiment, a healthy male volunteer receives a continuous infusion of para-aminohippurate (PAH) to achieve a PAH plasma concentration of 0.01 mg/mL. A volume of 1.0 L of urine is collected over a period of 10 hours; the urine flow rate is... | A: 25 mg/min |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old student presents to the college health clinic with a 1-week history of fever, sore throat, nausea, and fatigue. He could hardly get out of bed this morning. There are no pets at home. He admits to having recent unprotected sex. The vital signs include: temperature 38.3°C (101.0°F), pulse 72/min, blood p... | D: Infectious mononucleosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents to the emergency department after an automobile accident. His vitals have significantly dropped since admission. Upon examination, his abdomen is slightly distended, the ribs on the right side are tender and appear broken, and breath sounds are diminished at the base of the right lung. An ... | D: Hepatoduodenal ligament |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of worsening chest pain and breathlessness during exercise. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Vital signs are within normal limits. Auscultation of the chest shows a murmur in the 2nd right intercostal space. A phono... | B: Congenital leaflet fusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician because of a 3-week history of nausea, abdominal pain, and confusion. She has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with over-the-counter antacids. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. Her only medication is metformin. Her pu... | E: 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old male newborn is brought to the physician by his 33-year-old mother for a well-child examination. He was born at term and delivered at home because his parents wanted a natural childbirth. The mother did not receive prenatal care. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. According t... | A: Hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of crampy abdominal pain, recurrent watery diarrhea, and a 2.5-kg (5.5-lb) weight loss. Her husband has noticed that after meals, her face and neck sometimes become red, and she develops shortness of breath and starts wheezing. Examination shows ... | C: Pigmented dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with 2 weeks of headache, palpitations, and excessive sweating. He has no past medical history and his family history is significant for clear cell renal cell carcinoma in his father as well as retinal hemangioblastomas in his older sister. On presentation his ... | B: 3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old male presents to the emergency department after a knife fight. He initially refused to come to the hospital, but one of his wounds overlying the right antecubital fossa would not stop bleeding. Vitals include: BP 90/65, HR 115, and RR 24. He reports that he is light-headed and having visual changes. You... | D: Measure forearm compartment pressures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman is admitted to the intensive care unit after surgery following a motor vehicle collision. She has received a total of four units of packed red blood cells. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes and flat neck veins. Serum studies show a creatinine of 2.1 mg/dL and urine microscopy shows g... | C: Swelling of the mitochondria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. The patient was on his way to work before he lost control of his car and crashed into a tree. On arrival, the patient appears weak and lethargic. He has pain in his abdomen. His temperature is 37°C (... | E: Diagnostic peritoneal lavage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman presents with occasional dyspareunia and vaginal bleeding after a sexual encounter. She is in a monogamous relationship and uses oral contraception. She does not have a family history of gynecologic malignancies. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day for 15 years and drinks several glasses o... | B: p53 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe right shoulder pain and inability to move the shoulder for the past 30 minutes. The pain began after being tackled while playing football. He has nausea but has not vomited. He is in no apparent distress. Examination shows the right upper extr... | C: Test sensation of the lateral shoulder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man is found lying unconscious on the floor of his room by his roommate. The paramedics arrive at the site and find him unresponsive with cold, clammy extremities and constricted, non-reactive pupils. He smells of alcohol and his vital signs show the following: blood pressure 110/80 mm Hg, pulse 100/min... | C: Naloxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents with a complaint of low energy levels for the past 6 months. She feels as if she has no energy to do anything and has lost interest in photography, which she was previously passionate about. Feelings of hopelessness occupy her mind and she can no longer focus at work. She says she forces ... | A: History of bulimia nervosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician for evaluation of asymmetry that was detected during routine school screening. Specifically, she was asked to bend forwards while the school nurse examined her back. While leaning forward, her right scapula was found to be higher than her left scapula. She was also fou... | E: Restrictive lung disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators is studying the effects of aberrant protein isoforms on the pathogenesis of lung cancer. They observe that three protein isoforms are transcribed from the same 30,160 base-pair-long DNA segment on chromosome 13q. The canonical protein has a primary peptide sequence of 1186 amino acids. The se... | C: Alternative pre-mRNA splicing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician because of paresthesias and weakness in her left leg for one year. Her symptoms have become progressively worse during this period and have led to some difficulty walking for the past month. She has had frequent headaches for the past 4 months. She has a history of hypertens... | A: Surgical resection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The rapid response team is called for a 74-year-old woman on an inpatient surgical floor for supraventricular tachycardia. The patient had surgery earlier in the day for operative management of a femur fracture. The patient has a history of hypertension, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and uterine cancer status pos... | A: Atherosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents with exertional dyspnea and fatigue for the past 3 months. Her past medical history is significant for multiple episodes of mild diarrhea for many years, which was earlier diagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). She denies any current significant gastrointestinal symptoms. The patien... | B: Non-tropical sprue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman in graduate school comes to the physician for recurrent headaches. The headaches are unilateral, throbbing, and usually preceded by blurring of vision. The symptoms last between 12 and 48 hours and are only relieved by lying down in a dark room. She has approximately two headaches per month and ha... | B: Activation of 5-HT1 receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pain and swelling of her left leg over the past 24 hours. The pain is worse while walking and improves when resting. Seven months ago, she was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism and was started on warfarin. Anticoagulant therapy was discontinued 1 month ago. Her ... | B: Mutation of coagulation factor V |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman visits her general practitioner with left ear pain and fever. She complains of multiple episodes of respiratory infection including bronchitis, laryngitis, and sinusitis. She was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis 8 months ago and was placed on oral prednisone. Currently, s... | B: NF-kß pathways |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl with celiac disease is brought to the physician because of a 1-week history of generalized weakness and tingling around her mouth and in her fingertips. She also complains of abdominal cramps and nausea. In addition to following a gluten-free diet, she has been following a vegan diet for the past 2... | D: Decreased intestinal absorption of ergocalciferol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of vaginal bleeding for 2 days. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She is at the 95th percentile for height and at the 90th percentile for weight. Examination shows enlarged breasts, and the areola and papilla have formed a secondary mound.... | D: GnRH stimulation test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying disorders of hemostasis performs gene expression profiling in a family with a specific type of bleeding disorder. These patients were found to have abnormally large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers in their blood. Genetic analysis shows that the underlying cause is a mutation in the ADAM... | E: Fragmented erythrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old Caucasian male presents to your office with bloody diarrhea and epigastric pain that occurs 30 minutes after eating. He has lost 15 pounds in 1 month, which he attributes to fear that the pain will return following a meal. He has a history of hyperlipidemia and myocardial infarction. Physical exam and e... | A: Atherosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician with painful and enlarged lymph nodes in his right axilla that was noticed 5 days ago and has slowly grown bigger. He has had weakness, sweating, and poor appetite during this time. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date ... | B: Contact with pets |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with bloody diarrhea. The patient’s mother states that he was fine this morning, but around midday, she received a call from his daycare center stating that the patient had a single bloody bowel movement. His mother states that there have been no recent changes in his diet, although they did... | D: Stool culture in sorbitol-MacConkey medium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old male presents with several months of fatigue, malaise, dry cough, and occasional episodes of painless hematuria. He recalls having had a sore throat several days prior to the onset of these symptoms that resolved without antibiotics. Physical exam is remarkable for diffusely coarse breath sounds bilater... | B: Microscopic polyangiitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician for a wellness visit. Physical examination shows an enlarged and nodular prostate. Laboratory studies show elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen. A prostate biopsy confirms the diagnosis of prostate cancer and a radical prostatectomy is planned. This patient should be c... | A: Cavernous nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 15-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother 1 hour after having a single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure, which stopped spontaneously after 1 minute. He was sleepy initially but is now awake and alert. His mother reports that he has had a fever and runny nose... | C: Decreasing production of prostaglandin E2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 53-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after the onset of a severe headache. He returned from a vacation in the mountains 4 days ago, during which he went swimming in a freshwater lake. On arrival, he is confused. His temperature is 39°C (102.2°F) and blood pressure is ... | B: Herpes simplex virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of itching of the vulva and anal region for the past 2 weeks. She has difficulty sleeping because of the itching. Physical examination shows excoriation marks around the vulva and perianal region. There is minor perianal erythema, but no edema or fissures. Micros... | A: Mebendazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old female who recently immigrated to the United States presents to the community health clinic for episodes of disrupted vision. She is concerned because she knows several people from her hometown who went blind after having these episodes. Over the past several months, she also has developed itchy bumps o... | B: Ivermectin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-day-old male newborn is brought to the physician by his mother because of difficulty feeding and frequent nonbilious vomiting. His stool is soft and yellow-colored. The pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios and results from chorionic villus sampling showed a 47, XY, +21 karyotype. Physical examination show... | A: Rotation of the ventral pancreatic bud |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old sexually active man complains of painless growths on his penis. He is worried that he might have transmitted them to his girlfriend. Biopsy shows squamous cells with perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear enlargement, and koilocytes. The doctor treats the patient by chemically ablating the warts... | E: Cervical carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of slurred speech and left facial droop for the past 30 minutes. During this period, she has also had numbness on the left side of her face. She has never had such an episode before. She has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type ... | D: Transient ischemic attack |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old white woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of lower abdominal pain. She has also had multiple episodes of loose stools with blood during this period. She has had painful bowel movements for 1 month. Over the past year, she has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss. She was treated for str... | C: Confluent inflammation of the colonic mucosa with edema, fibrin-covered ulcers, and loss of vascular pattern |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician with increasingly yellow sclera and pruritus over the past 3 months. She has intermittent right-upper-quadrant pain and discomfort. She has no history of any serious illnesses and takes no medications. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Her sclera are icteric. Skin ex... | C: Rectosigmoidoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents with sudden onset of vertigo, difficulty walking, sensory changes on the left side of her face and the right side of the body, and left facial drooping. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. On physical examination, there is left-sided Horner’s... | C: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache. She returned from a 1-week camping trip 3 days ago; she went spelunking and swimming in a freshwater lake during the trip. She is agitated, uncooperative, and oriented only to person. Her temper... | E: Herpes simplex virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after falling and hitting his left flank on a concrete block. He has severe left-sided chest pain and mild shortness of breath. He underwent a right knee replacement surgery 2 years ago. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has smoked one pack of ciga... | D: Adequate analgesia and conservative management |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because she has been experiencing occasional fevers and chills for the last 3 weeks. She says that the fevers have been accompanied by abdominal pain and increased vaginal discharge. On presentation her temperature is 101.0°F (38.3°C), blood pressure is 113/7... | A: Cell wall synthesis inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of right-sided knee pain. He works as a bricklayer and reports that the pain worsens when he kneels. He has no history of trauma. Examination of the right knee shows erythema, fluctuant swelling, and tenderness on palpation of the kneecap. Passive f... | E: Prepatellar bursa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents with anxiety. She says that, for as long as she can remember, she has been anxious, especially when at work or in social situations, which she has difficulty controlling. She also reports difficulty sleeping, irritability, and muscle tension. She says her symptoms have significantly limit... | C: Paroxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to his physician with a complaint of a 4-week history of headaches that is affecting his academic performance. Over-the-counter medications do not seem to help. He also mentions that he has to raise his head each time to look at the board when taking notes. His blood pressure is 125/75 mm H... | C: Pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman presents with acute onset severe epigastric pain radiating to the back that began a few hours ago. She also complains of nausea and has vomited twice in the past hour. She denies any history of similar symptoms or trauma in the past. Past medical history is significant for diabetes type 2 and HIV ... | A: HIV medication-related |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of painful vision loss in her left eye. The patient is otherwise healthy with a history only notable for a few emergency department presentations for numbness and tingling in her extremities with no clear etiology of her symptoms. Her temperat... | D: Methylprednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is taken to the emergency department by local law enforcement after they witnessed him physically assaulting a complete stranger. The officers report that they saw his eyes “moving back and forth quickly” and noted that he was very red-faced. The patient has no significant past medical or psychiatri... | E: Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to his primary care physician endorsing 4-5 days of decreased urinary output and mild shortness of breath. He has a complex medical history, including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage emphysema. It is determined that his kidney disea... | E: "I respect that this is ultimately your decision, and will focus on making sure you are comfortable" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man with HIV and a recent CD4+ count of 800 presents to his PCP with fever, cough, and dyspnea. He notes that he recently lost his job as a construction worker and has not been able to afford his HAART medication. His temperature is 102.6°F (39.2°C), pulse is 75/min, respirations are 24/min, and blood p... | B: Silver stain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her daughter because of increasing arthralgia, headache, and somnolence for the past week. She has a history of systemic lupus erythematosus without vital organ involvement. She last received low-dose glucocorticoids 2 months ago. Her temperature is 38.6 °... | D: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of intermittent buzzing in both her ears. She says she sometimes has episodes of mild dizziness which resolve spontaneously. She has a 15-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and episodes of low back pain. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. ... | D: Otosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-month history of abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and increased urinary frequency, especially at night. He has also noticed that despite eating more often he has lost 14-lbs (6-kg). He has a congenital solitary kidney and a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis, for which he ... | B: Serum glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man is brought to his primary care physician by his daughter. She states that lately, his speech has been incoherent. It seemed to have started a few weeks ago and has been steadily worsening. He is otherwise well; however, she notes that she has had to start him on adult diapers. The patient has a past... | B: Dilated ventricles on MRI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painless swelling on the left side of his jaw for 2 months. It has been progressively increasing in size and is draining thick, foul-smelling fluid. He had a molar extracted 3 months ago. Examination shows a 4-cm, tender, erythematous mass in the left submandibula... | C: Actinomyces israelii |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with fever and diarrhea that have persisted for the past 2 days. He has a history of repeated bouts of diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, and failure to thrive. His vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 80/40 mm Hg, pulse 130/min... | A: X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man seeks evaluation by a physician with complaints of worsening forgetfulness and confusion for 1 year. According to his wife, he has always been in good health and is generally very happy; however, he has started to forget important things. He recently had his driving license revoked because of multip... | A: Alzheimer’s dementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after a suicide attempt. Her mother found her next to an empty bottle of acetaminophen in the bathroom. The patient reports that she ingested about twenty-five 500 mg pills. She took the pills 1 hour prior to arrival to the emergency department. She has a his... | B: Administer activated charcoal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband because she cries frequently and refuses to get out of bed. Over the past 3 weeks, she has been feeling sad and tired most of the time. She has difficulty staying asleep at night and often wakes up early in the morning. After losing her job as a waitress ... | B: Mirtazapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old girl with a previous diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome is brought to the emergency department with her parents following a seizure. Her mother states that the baby had been inconsolable all day and refused to feed. She was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. She is up to date on al... | B: Hypocalcemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2900-g (6.4-lb) male newborn is delivered at term to a 29-year-old primigravid woman. His mother had no routine prenatal care. She reports that the pregnancy was uncomplicated apart from a 2-week episode of a low-grade fever and swollen lymph nodes during her early pregnancy. She has avoided all routine vaccination... | B: Undercooked pork |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She is at the 90th percentile for height and weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows enlarged breast buds that extend beyond the areola. There is coarse pubic ... | C: MRI of the brain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old female presents to the emergency room with dry cough and malaise. She has no other complaints. She has a past medical history of a meningioma status post resection complicated by hemiplegia and has been managed with dexamethasone for several months. Her vital signs are T 100.4 F (38 C), O2 93% on room a... | C: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole + steroids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are called to see a chemotherapy patient who is complaining of severe nausea. This patient is a 52-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who began his first cycle of chemotherapy 2 days ago. Which of the following structures is involved in the pathway responsible for this patient's nausea?? {'A': ... | A: Medulla oblongata |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old tow truck driver presents to the emergency room in the middle of the night complaining of sudden onset right ankle pain. He states that the pain came on suddenly and woke him up from sleep. It was so severe that he had to call an ambulance to bring him to the hospital since he was unable to drive. He ha... | D: Administer indomethacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus presents with complaints of fatigue. He lives alone and has not seen a doctor in 10 years. He does not exercise, eats a poor diet, and drinks 1-2 beers per day. He does not smoke. He has never had a colonoscopy. Labs show a hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dL (normal 13.5 - 17... | D: Chronic inflammation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She gave birth to her third child 8 months ago and now wishes to start a contraception method. Prior to her most recent pregnancy, she used a combined estrogen-progestin pill. Which of the following aspects of her history woul... | B: She smokes 1 pack of cigarettes daily |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of 4 months of strange behavior. She says that during this period, he has had episodic mood swings. She has sometimes found him in his room “seemingly drunk” and with slurred speech. These episodes usually last for approximately 15 minutes, after whi... | A: Inhalants |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a small lump on the right side of her neck that she noticed while putting lotion on 1 week ago. She does not have any weight change, palpitations, or altered bowel habits. There is no family history of serious illness. Menses occur at regular 30-day intervals and ... | D: Thyroid-stimulating hormone level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 26 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of a gush of clear fluid from her vagina that occurred 1 hour prior. She reports painful pelvic cramping at regular 5-minute intervals. She has missed most of her prenatal care visit because of financial problems ... | E: History of spontaneous preterm birth " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of pain in her right knee. The pain is worse at the end of the day and when she walks. She says that it has become difficult for her to walk up the flight of stairs to reach her apartment. She has hypertension and psoriasis. Her sister has rheumat... | B: Weight loss program |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old female with no past medical history is found to have an abnormal cardiovascular exam during routine physical examination at her pediatrician’s office. All other components of her physical exam are normal. During evaluation for potential causes for her abnormal exam, an echocardiogram with doppler is don... | E: Splitting of S2 in inspiration and expiration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:As part of a clinical research study, microscopic analysis of tissues obtained from surgical specimens is performed. Some of these tissues have microscopic findings of an increase in the size of numerous cells within the tissue with an increase in the amount of cytoplasm, but the nuclei are uniform in size. Which of ... | A: Uterine myometrium in pregnancy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-year history of urinating up to 20 times each day. He has not had any dysuria and nocturia. He has been evaluated by several urologists but has not received a specific diagnosis despite extensive diagnostic testing. Various pharmacologic treatments have not impr... | C: Somatic symptom disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department of a busy suburban hospital because of a 1-week history of nausea and vomiting. She also has had intermittent fevers and headaches during the past 5 weeks. She does not have a stiff neck or sensitivity to light. She appears tired. Her temperature is 37°C (98.... | B: """I was unable to obtain results from the earlier tests because I misplaced the specimens. I sincerely apologize for the mistake.""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman with a past medical history of hypertension, peripheral artery disease, and migraine headaches presents to the emergency department with a two hour history of severe abdominal pain. The patient cannot recall any similar episodes, although she notes occasional abdominal discomfort after eating. She... | D: CT angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 10-hour history of severe diarrhea. He says that he was recently at a company picnic and after returning home he began to experience severe watery diarrhea. He says that the diarrhea was accompanied by nausea and abdominal pain. His physician informs him... | E: Increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the structure of the amino-terminal of the Huntingtin protein using x-ray crystallography. The terminal region is determined to have an α-helix conformation. Which of the following forces is most likely responsible for maintaining this conformation?? {'A': 'Hydrophobic interactions', 'B': ... | E: Hydrogen bonds |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man with a past medical history of anterior myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, and known patent foramen ovale presents to the emergency department after being found down from a fall on the sidewalk in the middle of winter. He states that his right leg feels numb and painful at the same ... | D: Catheter-based thrombectomy / thrombolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of easy bruising for several months. Minor trauma also causes scratches that bleed. Two months ago, a fall from his bed caused a large forehead hematoma and a left elbow laceration. He sometimes does not eat because of pain while chewing. ... | D: Defective type V collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old male presents to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. He recently returned to the USA following a trip to Singapore. He reports that he developed pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and a cough. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 140/85 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, and respir... | B: Autoantibodies directed against platelet factor 4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An autopsy is performed on a 39-year-old man 5 days after he was found pulseless at his apartment by his neighbor. Examination of the brain shows liquefactive necrosis in the distribution of the right middle cerebral artery with surrounding edema. Immunophenotyping of a sample of the affected brain tissue shows numer... | B: Microglia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A recent study shows that almost 40% of the antibiotics prescribed by primary care physicians in the ambulatory setting are for patients with a clinical presentation consistent with a viral acute respiratory tract infection. Recent evidence suggests that the implementation of a set of interventions may reduce such in... | C: Local peer comparison |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician for generalized fatigue and mild shortness of breath on exertion for 3 months. He has a history of recurrent patellar dislocations. He is at the 99th percentile for height and at the 30th percentile for weight. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 99/min, and blood ... | D: Water hammer pulse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because menarche has not yet occurred. She is at the 3rd percentile for height. Examination of a buccal mucosal scraping shows several cells with a single dark body attached to the nuclear membrane. Karyotyping of a neutrophil shows 45 chromosomes. Which of... | B: Postzygotic mitotic error |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother after a seizure at home. The mother is not sure how long the seizure lasted, but says that the boy was unresponsive and had episodes of stiffness and jerking of his extremities throughout the episode. The mother states that the boy has not seemed ... | E: No change in plasma glucose; glucose-6-phosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of a fever for 1 day. The mother reports that he has had severe pain in his lower extremities and difficulty eating since yesterday. He has not had a cough, nausea, or vomiting. He was born at term and has been healthy. His immunizations are up-to... | D: Coxsackie A virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After the administration of an erroneous dose of intravenous phenytoin for recurrent seizures, a 9-year-old girl is resuscitated because of bradycardia and asystole. Later, the patient is taken to the critical care unit and placed on mechanical ventilation. Neurologic consultation shows hypoxic brain injury. To reduc... | C: Root cause analysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old chronic smoker presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of left-sided weakness. The past medical history is insignificant except for hypertension, for which he has been taking medications regularly. The vital signs include: blood pressure 165/110 mm Hg, pulse rate 78/min, respiratory rat... | C: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old man comes to the office for evaluation of anemia. His medical history is relevant for end-stage renal disease and aortic stenosis. When questioned about his bowel movements, the patient mentions that he has occasional episodes of loose, black, tarry stools. His heart rate is 78/min, respiratory rate is... | A: Angiodysplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man with history of coronary artery disease necessitating angioplasty and stent placement presents to the ED due to fever, chills, and productive cough for one day. He is started on levofloxacin and admitted because of his comorbidity and observed tachypnea of 35 breaths per minute. He is continued on h... | E: Low molecular weight heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman presents to the physician with complaints of unexplained weight loss of approximately 5 kg (11.02 lb) over the last 6 months. Her other complaints include repeated stomatitis and diarrhea for 1 year. She was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 1 year ago. Her temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), heart rat... | B: Serum glucagon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing swelling of the legs and face over the past 2 months. During this time, he has experienced fatigue and weight loss. He has no history of any serious illness and takes no medications. Vital signs are within normal range. On physical examination, both lower... | A: Death within 1–2 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A six-month-old infant presents with chronic, persistent diarrhea, oral thrush, and a severe diaper rash. The infant was treated four weeks ago for an upper respiratory and ear infection. A family history is significant for a consanguineous relationship between the mother and father. Physical examination demonstrates... | A: Deoxyadenosine |
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