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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents to the physician for a check-up as part of his immigration application. On auscultation, there is a mild rumble heard at the cardiac apex preceded by an opening snap. His blood pressure is 132/76 and heart rate is 78/min. The patient suffers from occasional asthma attacks but has noticed th... | A: Penicillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 82-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son because he is concerned about her forgetfulness for the past 2 years. She occasionally walks into a room and forgets why she went there and often forgets where she left her keys. She is sometimes unable to recall a familiar individual's name. She reports that... | A: Aging |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue, increased sweating, and itching in his legs for the past 2 years. He has chronic bronchitis. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 24 years and drinks one to two beers every night. His only medication is a tiotropium bromide inhaler. His vital sig... | E: Phlebotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of headache and sinus drainage for the past 13 days. She reports cold-like symptoms 2 weeks ago that progressively got worse. The patient endorses subjective fever, congestion, sinus headache, cough, and chills. She claims that this is her 5th episode within the pas... | B: Common variable immunodeficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a routine check-up. During the appointment, he remarks that he has started noticing some thinning and hair loss without other symptoms. The physician reassures him that he is likely experiencing male-pattern baldness and explains that the condition is large... | C: Polygenic inheritance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of difficulty initiating urination. He wakes up at least 3–4 times at night to urinate. Digital rectal examination shows a symmetrically enlarged, nontender prostate with a rubbery consistency. Laboratory studies show a prostate-specific antigen le... | A: Hyperplasia of lateral prostatic lobe tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2860-g (6-lb 3-oz) male newborn is born at term to a primigravid woman via spontaneous vaginal delivery. The mother has had no routine prenatal care. She reports that there is no family history of serious illness. The initial examination of the newborn shows bowing of the legs and respiratory distress upon palpatio... | E: Hearing loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents to his primary care provider because of a lack of flexibility in his right hand. He has noticed that his hand has become less flexible and more fixed over the past year and he now has trouble shaking other people’s hands comfortably. He has a history of chronic alcohol abuse, hepatitis C, a... | E: Collagenase injections |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents to the physician with concerns that a “bad flu” he has had for the past 10 days is getting worse and causing sleeplessness. On presentation today, his sore throat has improved; however, fever and chest and body aches persist despite the use of ibuprofen. He reports sharp, intermittent chest... | D: Decreased cardiac contractility due to cardiac myocyte injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath, cough, and fever. He states that his symptoms started a few days ago and have been progressively worsening. The patient recently returned from international travel. He works from home and manages a chicken coop as a hobby. He has a past ... | D: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old sexually active male presents to an internal medicine physician for a routine health check up after having several unprotected sexual encounters. After appropriate testing the physician discusses with the patient that he is HIV+ and must be started on anti-retroviral treatment. Which of the following me... | E: Enfuvirtide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old primigravid woman who recently immigrated to the United States presents to her gynecologist for the first time during the 28th week of her pregnancy. She hasn’t received any prenatal care or folic acid supplementation. The patient’s history reveals that she has received blood transfusions in the past du... | C: Mother is A negative, father is B positive |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male engineer who complains of shortness of breath when walking a few blocks undergoes a cardiac stress test because of concern for coronary artery disease. During the test he asks his cardiologist about what variables are usually used to quantify the functioning of the heart. He learns that one of thes... | D: Heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to the clinic with an abnormal sensation on the left side of her body that has been present for the past several months. At first, the area seemed numb and she recalls touching a hot stove and accidentally burning herself but not feeling the heat. Now she is suffering from a constant, unc... | C: Dejerine-Roussy syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A young researcher is responsible for graphing laboratory data involving pulmonary blood flow and ventilation pattern obtained from a healthy volunteer who was standing in an upright position. After plotting the following graph, the researcher realizes he forgot to label the curves and the x-axis (which represents th... | B: A: Ventilation B: Blood flow C: Base of the lung D: Apex of the lung |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of lethargy, confusion, and nausea for the past 2 days. He has previously been healthy and has no past medical history. His only medications are a daily multivitamin and acetaminophen, which he takes daily for hip pain. Vital signs are withi... | E: Overproliferation of plasma cells " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-day-old female infant presents with poor feeding, lethargy, vomiting after feeding, and seizures. Labs revealed ketoacidosis and elevated hydroxypropionic acid levels. Upon administration of parenteral glucose and protein devoid of valine, leucine, methionine, and threonine, and carnitine, the infant began to rec... | C: Propionyl-CoA carboxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents with recurrent panic attacks that have been worsening over the past 5 weeks. She also says she has been seeing things that are not present in reality and is significantly bothered by a short attention span which has badly affected her job in the past 6 months. No significant past medical ... | A: Ziprasidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the relationship between fetal blood oxygen saturation and intrauterine growth restriction using MRI studies. The magnetic resonance transverse relaxation time (T2) is inversely related to the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin so that high concentrations of deoxyhemoglobin produce a low sig... | B: Ductus venosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because she has been experiencing episodes of intense fear. Specifically, she says that roughly once per week she will feel an intense fear of dying accompanied by chest pain, lightheadedness, sweating, and palpitations. In addition, she will feel as if she i... | E: Submissive, clingy, and low self-confidence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man who was involved in a traffic collision is brought to the emergency room by the ambulance service. He was in shock and comatose at the time of presentation. On examination, the heart rate is 60/min, and the blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg. The patient dies, despite resuscitative efforts. Autopsy revea... | C: Senile calcific aortic stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer comes to the physician requesting assistance in ending her life. She states: “I just can't take it anymore; the pain is unbearable. Please help me die.” Current medications include 10 mg oral hydrocodone every 12 hours. Her cancer has progressed despite chemotherapy an... | D: Increase her pain medication dose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents with a swollen left big toe that started this morning. The patient states that he attended a party last night and drank 4 glasses of whiskey. He denies any trauma to the foot. The patient has a history of similar episodes in the past that were related to alcohol use. His symptoms were previ... | C: Upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules to promote neutrophil migration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to a pre-operative evaluation clinic prior to an elective cholecystectomy. She has a 5 pack-year smoking history. The anesthesiologist highly recommends to discontinue smoking for at least 8 weeks prior to the procedure for which she is compliant. What is the most likely histology of her ... | D: Pseudostratified columnar |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife for a 1-hour history of sudden behavior changes. They were having lunch together when, at 1:07 PM, he suddenly dropped his sandwich on the floor. Since then, he has been unable to use his right arm. She also reports that he is slurring his speech an... | C: Middle cerebral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of worsening involuntary movement of the left hand. Her symptoms are worse when she feels stressed at work. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Neurological examination shows difficulty initiating movement and a tremor... | E: Pramipexole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue and difficulty breathing for the past month. He reports that it is particularly worse when he exercises as he becomes out of breath at 1 mile when he used to routinely run 3 miles. He is frustrated as he was recently diagnosed with diabetes despite a goo... | B: Increased intestinal absorption of iron |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old soldier is rescued from a helicopter crash in the Arctic Circle and brought back to a treatment facility at a nearby military base. On arrival, the soldier’s wet clothes are removed. He appears pale and is not shivering. The patient is unresponsive to verbal or painful stimuli. His temperature is 27.4°C... | E: Intravenous administration of warmed normal saline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain that started while she was at the gym. The patient competes as a power lifter and states that her pain started after one of her heavier lifts. The patient has no significant past medical history and is currently taking a multivitamin and ora... | D: Increased LDL and decreased HDL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A male newborn is delivered at term to a 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 3. The mother has no medical insurance and did not receive prenatal care. Physical examination shows microcephaly and ocular hypotelorism. There is a single nostril, cleft lip, and a solitary central maxillary incisor. An MRI of the head show... | A: Hedgehog |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for evaluation of a spreading skin infection that began from an ulcer on her foot. The patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus that is poorly controlled. On examination, there is redness and erythema to the lower limb with skin breakdown along an extensive portion... | D: Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents an urgent care clinic because he coughed up blood this morning. Although he had a persistent cough for the past 3 weeks, he had never coughed up blood until now. His voice is hoarse and admits that it has been like that for the past few months. Both his past medical history and family histo... | E: Laryngeal carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old male is brought into the emergency department by his girlfriend following an argument. The patient’s girlfriend claims that she threatened to break up with him. He then called her saying he was going to kill himself. When she arrived at the patient’s home, she found him lying on the couch with empty alc... | E: IV sodium bicarbonate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her nephew, who lives with her because she has a pessimistic attitude and has displayed overall distrust of her nephew for 1 year. She frequently argues with her nephew and embarrasses him in front of his friends. She had a Colles’ fracture 2 months ago and has had ... | E: Reporting possible elder abuse by phone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and constipation. He reports having dull pain in the left portion of the midback for 2 weeks that has persisted despite taking ibuprofen. His father died of prostate cancer at 70 years of age. The patient has smoked one pack of cigarette... | A: CT scan of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is brought to the emergency department with right knee pain and swelling after she twisted it while dancing. She had two similar episodes last year that were treated conservatively. She was treated for a fracture of her humerus 2 years ago. She has gastroesophageal refl... | A: Arthroscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman presents for the scheduled annual physical examination for management of her hypertension. The patient is asymptomatic and her blood pressure is within normal limits throughout the year. She has a past medical history of polyarthrosis, and she is a carrier of hepatitis B antibodies. She does not s... | C: Osteoporosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a physical examination prior to participating in sports. She has no history of serious illness. She is on the school's cheerleading team and is preparing for an upcoming competition. Menarche was at 13 years of age, and her last menstrual period was 4 months ago. She... | C: Fractures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old male is admitted to the Emergency Department after 3 days difficulty breathing, orthopnea, and shortness of breath with effort. His personal medical history is positive for a myocardial infarction 6 years ago and a cholecystectomy 10 years ago. Medications include metoprolol, lisinopril, atorvastatin, a... | A: Furosemide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness checkup. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, constipation, and depression. His current medications include metformin, lactulose, and fluoxetine. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 157/102 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, r... | B: Administer bicarbonate and repeat lab studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male presents to his physician with the complaint of fatigue and weakness for six months. His physician orders a CBC which demonstrates anemia and thrombocytopenia. During the subsequent work up, a bone marrow biopsy is performed which ultimately leads to the diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia. W... | C: t(15;17) - PML/RARalpha |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of diarrhea, bloating, nausea, and vomiting for the past 3 days. He describes his stool as soft, frothy, and greasy. He denies seeing blood in stool. The patient went on a hiking trip last week and drank fresh water from the stream. Three months ago, he was on vacation... | C: Metronidazole therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with bilateral tremor of the hands. He is a senior in high school and during the year, his grades have plummeted to the point that he is failing. He says his memory is now poor, and he has trouble focusing on tasks. His behavior has changed in the past 6 months... | C: Oral zinc |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of testicular swelling and dull lower abdominal discomfort. Physical examination shows a firm, nontender left testicular nodule. Ultrasonography of the scrotum shows a well-defined hypoechoic lesion of the left testicle. Serum studies show an elevat... | D: Para-aortic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old child is brought to a pediatric clinic with complaints of a foul-smelling, recurrent, persistent vaginal discharge that started a few days ago. The child shows increased irritability with a slightly elevated temperature. The mother says that the child plays in the house and has no contact with other chil... | C: Foreign body in the vagina |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of pain accompanied by a feeling of heaviness in his scrotum. He is otherwise healthy except for a broken arm he obtained while skiing several years ago. Physical exam reveals an enlarged “bag of worms” upon palpation of the painful scrotal region. ... | C: More common on left due to drainage into renal vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old primigravid woman at 34-weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of an 8-day history of generalized pruritus. She has no history of rash. She has had standard prenatal care. Three weeks ago she was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. She traveled to Mexico for a vacation 3 months ago. She take... | A: Cholestasis of pregnancy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of white discoloration of the tongue. She has had similar, recurrent episodes over the past 5 years. Examination shows white plaques on the tongue that easily scrape off and thick, cracked fingernails with white discoloration. KOH preparation of a... | C: T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man returns to his physician for a follow-up examination. During his last visit 1 month ago splenomegaly was detected. He has had night sweats for the past several months and has lost 5 kg (11 lb) unintentionally during this period. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. The vi... | B: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old previously healthy man comes to his physician because of dyspnea and hemoptysis for the past week. Examination shows inspiratory crackles at both lung bases. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. His hemoglobin concentration is 14.2 g/dL, leukocyte count is 10,300/mm3, and platelet co... | B: Anti-GBM antibody |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to the clinic for a second evaluation of worsening blackened ulcers on the tips of his toes. His past medical history includes diabetes mellitus for which he takes metformin and his most recent HgA1c was 6.0, done 3 months ago. He also has hypertension for which he’s prescribed amlodipine a... | B: Tobacco smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 10 minutes after he sustained a stab wound to the left chest just below the clavicle. On arrival, he is hypotensive with rapid and shallow breathing and appears anxious and agitated. He is intubated and mechanically ventilated. Infusion of 0.9% saline is begun.... | A: A 15 mm Hg decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. At her visit 1 month ago, her glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 100 mL/min/1.73 m2 and her renal plasma flow (RPF) was 588 mL/min. Today, her RPF is 540 mL/min and her filtration fraction (FF) is 0.2. After her previous appointment, this patie... | E: Constriction of the efferent arteriole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man with coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department because of chest pain and shortness of breath for the past 3 hours. Troponin levels are elevated and an ECG shows ST-elevations in the precordial leads. Revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention is performed, and a stent ... | D: Normal perfusion with bilateral ventilation defects |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a headache, intermittent fevers and chills, generalized arthralgias, excessive thirst, increased fluid intake, and a progressive rash that developed on her back. Three days before seeking evaluation at the hospital, she noticed a small, slightly raised lesion appeari... | B: Amoxicillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of a cough and mild shortness of breath for the past 12 hours. He has not had fever. He has been to the emergency department 4 times during the past 6 months for treatment of asthma exacerbations. His 9-month-old sister was treated for bron... | A: Bronchoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man presents to the emergency department after he cut his hand while working on his car. The patient has a past medical history of antisocial personality disorder and has been incarcerated multiple times. His vitals are within normal limits. Physical exam is notable for a man covered in tattoos with man... | E: Surgical irrigation, debridement, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressive pain and swelling of her wrists and hands for the past 2 months. Her hands are stiff in the morning; the stiffness decreases as she starts her chores. She also reports early-morning neck pain at rest for the past 3 weeks. She has no history of serious ... | B: X-ray of the cervical spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of a cough with blood-tinged sputum for 1 week. He also reports fever and a 5-kg (11 lb) weight loss during the past 2 months. Over the past year, he has had 4 episodes of sinusitis. Physical examination shows palpable nonblanching skin lesions over the hands and feet.... | B: Neutrophil-mediated damage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old pregnant woman in the 28th week of gestation presents to the emergency department for evaluation of bilateral edema of her legs. It seems to worsen at the end of the day and has lasted for the past 3 weeks. History reveals that this is her 3rd pregnancy. Vital signs include: blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg,... | A: Compression stockings |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy presents with abdominal pain that started nearly 6 hours ago. The pain is located in the periumbilical area and radiates to the right lower quadrant. There was no vomiting or passage of stool since the onset of pain. The patient reports that he passed stools with blood several times during the past m... | D: It is a remnant of the embryonic omphalomesenteric duct. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health visit. He feels well except for occasional left-sided abdominal discomfort and left shoulder pain. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. He does not drink alcohol. His pulse is 85/min and his blood pressure is 130/70 mmHg. Examination show... | A: Low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two months ago, he suffered a spinal fracture after a fall from the roof. He feels well. His father has multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglob... | B: Immobilization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the ED with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hematemesis after ingesting large quantities of a drug. Which of the following pairs a drug overdose with the correct antidote for this scenario?? {'A': 'Iron; deferoxamine', 'B': 'Aspirin; N-acetylcysteine', 'C': 'Atropine; f... | A: Iron; deferoxamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old soldier is brought to the emergency department of a military hospital 20 minutes after being involved in a motor vehicle accident during a training exercise. He was an unrestrained passenger. On arrival, he has shortness of breath and chest pain. He appears pale and anxious. His temperature is 37°C (98.... | B: CT scan of the chest with contrast |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effects of influenza virus on human lung tissue. Biopsy specimens of lung parenchyma are obtained from patients recovering from influenza pneumonia and healthy control subjects. Compared to the lung tissue from the healthy control subjects, the lung tissue from the affected patients is... | C: Increased type II pneumocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old male with cystic fibrosis is brought to the emergency room by his mother after he had difficulty breathing. He previously received a lung transplant 6 months ago and was able to recover quickly from the operation. He is compliant with all of his medications and had been doing well with no major complain... | D: Simple cuboidal cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old G1P0 presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. She states that the pain has been recurring every 3 to 5 minutes for the past 5 hours. She denies having regular prenatal care but recalls that her last menstrual period was about 9 months ago. She denies taking or using any substance... | E: Morphine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction 3 months ago presents with feelings of depression. He says that he has become detached from his friends and family and has daily feelings of hopelessness. He says he has started to avoid strenuous activities and is no longer going to his favorite bar where he ... | A: Post-traumatic stress disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of severe malaise, fevers, and sore throat for the past 7 days. He also has had episodes of nausea and vomiting during this period. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. There is no family history of liver disease. His blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg... | C: False negative |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old otherwise healthy male presents to his primary care physician for a check-up. He has no complaints. His blood pressure at the previous visit was 160/95. The patient did not wish to be on any medications and at the time attempted to manage his blood pressure with diet and exercise. On repeat measurement ... | C: Bilateral renal artery stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressively worsening swelling of his ankles. He says he has felt exhausted lately. Over the past 3 months, he has gained 5 kg. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His pulse is 75/min and his blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg. Examination shows 2+... | C: Nodular glomerulosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to the office for a follow-up visit. He was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus after being hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis following a respiratory infection. He is here today to discuss treatment options available for his condition. The doctor mentions a recent study in... | C: Phase 3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to his physician for a scheduled follow-up visit. He has chronic left-sided heart failure with systolic dysfunction. His current regular medications include captopril and digoxin, which were started after his last episode of symptomatic heart failure approximately 3 months ago. His last epi... | C: Captopril is likely to improve the long-term survival of the patient with heart failure, unlike digoxin. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old male professional soccer player is brought to the emergency department due to an episode of syncope during a game. He has felt increasing shortness of breath during the past 3 months. During the past week, he has been feeling chest pain upon exertion. He also tells the doctor that his brother had a sudd... | D: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department because he has developed blisters at multiple locations on his body. He says that the blisters appeared several days ago after a day of hiking in the mountains with his colleagues. When asked about potential triggering events, he says that he recently had an infe... | A: Antibodies to proteins connecting intermediate filaments to type IV collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for a routine well-visit. She is sexually active with multiple male partners and uses an intrauterine device for contraception. Her last menstrual period was two weeks ago. She denies abnormal vaginal discharge or sensations of burning or itching. Pelvic exam is normal... | D: Human papillomavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with a rash over her shins for the last 3 months. She also has a swell in her knee and wrist joints on both sides for a few days. The rash is painful and erythematous. She had an episode of uveitis 6 months ago that was treated with topical therapy. She is not on any... | D: Activation of T lymphocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of increased urination. She has also had dry mouth and excessive thirst despite drinking several gallons of water daily. She has a history of obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with citalopram. She drinks 1–2 cans of beer daily. Physical exami... | D: Primary polydipsia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents with unilateral severe chest pain which started a day ago. He describes the chest pain as sharp in nature and localized mainly to his right side. He also complains of mild shortness of breath but says that it is tolerable. He denies any recent history of fever, sweating, dizziness, or simil... | E: Famciclovir |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old Caucasian woman presents to her gynecologist's office with a chief complaint of irregular periods. In the past 2 years, she has often gone > 3 months without menstruating. Menarche was at 13 years old, and prior to the past 2 years, she had regular periods every 28 days lasting 5 days with normal flow a... | A: Ethinyl estradiol - norgestimate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man presents at an office for a regular health check-up. He has no complaints. He has no history of significant illnesses. He currently takes omeprazole for gastroesophageal reflux disease. He occasionally smokes cigarettes and drinks alcohol. The family history is unremarkable. The vital signs include:... | B: Non-specific; can be a normal finding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents with blurry vision for the past 2 weeks. She says that symptoms onset gradually and have progressively worsened. She works as a secretary in a law firm, and now her vision is hampering her work. Past medical history is significant for psoriasis, diagnosed 7 years ago, managed with topical... | D: Myocardial infarction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man who recently immigrated from Mexico comes to the physician for a pre-employment wellness examination. A tuberculin skin test is administered and he develops a raised, erythematous 12 mm lesion on his forearm within 48 hours. An x-ray of the chest shows no abnormalities. He is started on the recommen... | D: Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In your peripheral tissues and lungs, carbonic anhydrase works to control the equilibrium between carbon dioxide and carbonic acid in order to maintain proper blood pH. Through which mechanism does carbonic anhydrase exert its influence on reaction kinetics?? {'A': 'Lowers the activation energy', 'B': 'Changes the de... | A: Lowers the activation energy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of one episode of vomiting and severe headache since this morning. His mother says he also had difficulty getting dressed on his own. He has not had any trauma. The patient appears nervous. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F),... | C: CT angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his roommate after he was found attempting to commit suicide. His roommate says that he stopped him before he was about to jump off the balcony. He has been receiving treatment for depression for about a year. 6 months ago, he had come to the hospital reporting de... | B: Electroconvulsive therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old male presents to the emergency department following several days of facial edema. A urinalysis confirms proteinuria and hematuria. Once admitted, a kidney biopsy is viewed under an electron microscope to confirm the diagnosis of minimal change disease. In the following electron micrograph, what process ... | C: rRNA is produced |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man who works as a resident in general surgery presents feeling "burned out" for the last 2 months. He says he has been working extremely long hours under stressful conditions, which makes him irritable, edgy, unfocused, and forgetful. He says he also has severe anxiety about how these symptoms are affe... | A: Adjustment disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman presents with changes in her left breast that started 1 month ago. The patient states that she noticed that an area of her left breast felt thicker than before, and has not improved. She came to get it checked out because her best friend was just diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. The past ... | B: Can present bilaterally |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department due to a severe infection. Laboratory work shows leukocytosis of 60 × 109/L with marked left shift, but no blast cells. The patient is febrile and dehydrated. The physician believes that this is a severe reaction to the infection and orders a leukocyte alkaline ... | C: A blood count will contain band forms, metamyelocytes, and myelocytes. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old male visits his physician because of fertility issues with his wife. Physical exam reveals bilateral gynecomastia, elongated limbs, and shrunken testicles. Levels of plasma gonadotropins are elevated. Which of the following is also likely to be increased in this patient:? {'A': 'Testosterone', 'B': 'Inh... | C: Aromatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of a 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss during the last 3 months. During this period, he has complained of abdominal pain and fullness, and his parents feel that he has been eating less. His parents also report that his urine has appeared pink for several we... | D: Tuberous sclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician because he can not sit on his own without support and has involuntary movements. He was born vaginally with no complications at full term. There is no history of consanguinity among parents. On physical examination, it was noticed that he is a stunted infant with gener... | A: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute onset of pain and redness of the skin of his lower leg for the past 3 days. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for the past 12 years, but he is not compliant with his medications. He has smoked 10–15 cigarettes per day for the past 20 years. His tempe... | B: Oral vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:At postpartum physical examination, a newborn is found to have male external genitalia. Scrotal examination shows a single palpable testicle in the right hemiscrotum. Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis shows an undescended left testis, seminal vesicles, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Chromosomal analysis shows a 46, ... | D: Normal ↓ normal normal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3080-g (6-lb 13-oz) male newborn is delivered at term to a 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1. Pregnancy was uncomplicated. He appears pale. His temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), pulse is 167/min, and respirations are 56/min. Examination shows jaundice of the skin and conjunctivae. The liver is palpated 2–3 cm belo... | D: Increased hemoglobin Barts concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents with dysuria and pain in the lower abdomen. It is the first time she has experienced such symptoms. She denies a history of any genitourinary or gynecologic diseases. The blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 78/min, respiratory rate is 13/min, and temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F). ... | A: P-fimbriae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents to the outpatient clinic for the evaluation of amenorrhea which she noted roughly 4 months ago. Her monthly cycles up to that point were normal. Initially, she thought that it was related to early menopause; however, she has also noticed that she has a small amount of milk coming from her... | B: MRI brain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department by his wife after complaining of sudden onset, an excruciating headache that started about an hour ago. On further questioning, the patient’s wife gives a prior history of flank pain, hematuria, and hypertension in the patient, and she recalls that similar sympt... | B: Increased wall tension within an aneurysm |
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