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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for right elbow swelling and pain 45 minutes after he fell while playing on the monkey bars during recess. He has been unable to move his right elbow since the fall. Examination shows ecchymosis, swelling, and tenderness of the right elbow; range of motion is li... | B: Absent radial pulse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy presents for routine health maintenance. The patient has coarse facial features and stiff joint movements with restricted passive and active range of motion. He also has problems following objects with his eyes and seems not to focus on anything. On physical examination, the corneas are clouded, and... | C: Inclusion cell disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine gynecological examination. She feels well. Menses occur with normal flow at regular 28-day intervals and last for 3 to 5 days. Her last menstrual period was 20 days ago. She is sexually active with one male partner and they use condoms inconsistently. Her siste... | B: Perform colposcopy with endocervical and endometrial sampling |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of muscle weakness. Approximately 6 months ago, he started to develop gradually worsening right arm weakness that progressed to difficulty walking about three months ago. His past medical history is notable for a transient ischemic attack, hyperten... | E: Riluzole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department for sudden weakness. The patient states that he was at home enjoying his morning coffee when his symptoms began. He says that his left arm suddenly felt very odd and weak thus prompting him to come to the ED. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, CO... | E: Lipohyalinosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old male was brought to the emergency room after he caused an accident by driving at a slow speed as he was entering the freeway. He appears to have sustained no major injuries just minor scratches and lacerations, but appears to be paranoid, anxious, and is complaining of thirst. He has conjunctival injec... | E: Marijuana |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. She reports that the pain is not new and usually starts within half an hour of eating a meal. The pain has been previously diagnosed as biliary colic, and she underwent a cholecystectomy three months ago for symptomatic bil... | D: Sphincterotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old male presents to the emergency department with altered mental status. His friends who accompanied him said that he complained of abdominal pain while camping. They denied his consumption of anything unusual from the wilderness, or any vomiting or diarrhea. His temperature is 100.5°F (38.1°C), blood pres... | B: Increase respiratory rate and tidal volume |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician because of multiple, ulcerative skin lesions that occur over various parts of her body. She reports that these rashes first appeared 6 months ago. They occur episodically and usually start as reddish spots, which then expand in size and ulcerate over the next ten days. They ... | D: Administration of octreotide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old female presents to her primary care physician for medical evaluation prior to an elective hip replacement surgery. She has hypertension and diabetes, both of which are well controlled on oral medications. She also admits to occasional use of recreational injection drugs so a panel of serologies are obta... | A: It exists as a monomer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, comes to the physician because of fatigue, nausea, joint pain, and mild flank pain for 2 months. She has refractory acid reflux and antral and duodenal peptic ulcers for which she takes omeprazole. She also has chronic, foul-smelling, light-colored diarrhea. Five years ago she ... | E: MEN1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of multiple episodes of dizziness over the past 3 months. Episodes last between 20 minutes and 1 hour. During the episodes she experiences the sudden onset of spinning sensations and imbalance, associated with a ringing in her left ear. She also reports progressive l... | A: Reduce caffeine intake |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for increasing abdominal pain and confusion for 3 days. The pain is constant and she describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity. She has the strong feeling that she is being watched. She has not had a bowel movement for 2 days. She began experiencing tingling in par... | B: Hemin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his mother for a physical exam before summer camp. They have no complaints or concerns at this time. He was born at 37 weeks gestation by cesarean delivery. The delivery was complicated by an omphalocele and macrosomia. During infancy and into early childhood, he str... | D: Wilms tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to your office by his daughter due to concern over recent behavioral changes. Over the last several months he has had increasing difficulty with remembering recent events. She mentions that he is embarrassed due to a new inability to control urination. His medical history is significant f... | A: Distortion of corona radiata fibers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for vomiting. The patient has been vomiting for the past week, and his symptoms have not been improving. His symptoms are worse in the morning and tend to improve throughout the day. The patient also complains of occasional headaches and had diarrhea sev... | E: Remnant of Rathke's pouch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 1-week history of progressive confusion, myalgia, and nausea. His wife says that he first reported headaches and fatigue 10 days ago, and since then “he has not been himself”. He has refused to drink any liquids for the last day. Two mo... | B: Chemically-inactivated virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old patient presents to her primary care physician with persistent amenorrhea and inability to breastfeed over the last 5 months. She says that she has also been very tired since her baby was born and this fatigue was accompanied by an inability to deal with cold weather despite having no problem with cold ... | E: Aldosterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old G2P1 delivers a boy in the 40th week of gestation. The pregnancy was uncomplicated. The newborn had Apgar scores of 7 and 9 at the 1st and 5th minutes, respectively. On physical examination, the newborn is noted to have a left-sided cleft lip. The hard palate and nose are normal. Which of the following ... | B: Failure of fusion of the left maxillary prominence and the medial nasal process of the frontonasal prominence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old male is diagnosed with acne vulgaris during a visit to a dermatologist. He is prescribed a therapy that is a derivative of vitamin A. He has no other significant past medical history. Which of the following is the major side-effect of this therapy?? {'A': 'Hyperglycemia', 'B': 'Hyperlipidemia', 'C': 'Fa... | B: Hyperlipidemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presented to a medical clinic for a routine follow-up. He has had hypertension for 20 years and is currently on multiple anti-hypertensive medications. The blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg. The remainder of the examinations were within normal limits. Echocardiography showed some changes in the left v... | D: Increase in cardiac cell size |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of heat intolerance and difficulty sleeping over a one month period. She also reports that she has lost 10 pounds despite no changes in her diet or exercise pattern. More recently, she has developed occasional unprovoked chest pain and palpitatio... | E: Increased sensitivity of ß1-adrenergic receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A neonate suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is given supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is a possible consequence of oxygen therapy in this patient?? {'A': 'Atelectasis', 'B': 'Anosmia', 'C': 'Atopy', 'D': 'Blindness', 'E': 'Cardiac anomalies'}, | D: Blindness |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of fatigue and abdominal discomfort. Over the past 6 months, she has had a 5.4-kg (12-lb) weight loss. She takes no medications. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 70/min, respirations are 13/min, and blood pressure is 125/80 mm Hg. Card... | C: Cytogenetic studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents to his physician for evaluation of fullness and swelling of the left side of the abdomen over the last month. During this time, he has had night sweats and lost 2 kg (4.4 lb) unintentionally. He has no history of severe illness and takes no medications. The vital signs include: blood pressu... | C: JAK-2 mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A physician is choosing whether to prescribe losartan or lisinopril to treat hypertension in a 56-year-old male. Relative to losartan, one would expect treatment with lisinopril to produce which of the following changes in the circulating levels of these peptides?? {'A': 'Bradykinin increase; angiotensin II decrease'... | A: Bradykinin increase; angiotensin II decrease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting for the past 2 hours. He just returned from a boating trip with his father, and while aboard they shared some packed potato salad and ham sandwiches. His dad denies any nausea or vomiting but does report minor dizziness. On examin... | A: Diphenhydramine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever and cough productive of foul-smelling, dark red, gelatinous sputum. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years and drinks two 12-oz bottles of beer daily. An x-ray of the chest shows a cavity with air-fluid levels in the right low... | E: Capsular polysaccharide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of severe acne on her face, chest, and back for the past 2 years. She has no itching or scaling. She has been treated in the past with a combination of oral cephalexin and topical benzoyl peroxide without clinical improvement. She is sexually active with o... | D: Measure serum beta-hCG levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter for a 4-month history of increasing difficulty recognizing her friends and family. She has had to rely on recognizing haircuts, gait, and voices because she cannot remember their faces. Neurologic examination shows that she is able to recognize objects a... | E: Right ventral occipitotemporal cortex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old male patient presents to your clinic in significant distress. He states he has excruciating, stabbing pain around the left side of his head, and his left eye will not stop tearing. These types of headaches have been occurring for the past week every morning when he awakens and last around 60 minutes. He... | B: Cluster headache |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to the physician because of an abnormal breast biopsy report following suspicious findings on breast imaging. Other than being concerned about her report, she feels well. She has no history of any serious illnesses and takes no medications. She does not smoke. She consumes wine 1–2 times ... | B: Careful observation + routine mammography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of lower abdominal pain and severe burning with urination. Two years ago, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer and was successfully treated with a combination of radiation and chemotherapy. She has systemic lupus erythematosus and fini... | B: Ascending infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man comes to the emergency department with severe left ear pain and drainage for 3 days. He has a history of poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. He appears uncomfortable. Physical examination of the ear shows marked periauricular erythema, exquisite tenderness on palpation, and granulation tiss... | A: Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman of Ashkenazi Jewish descent presents with recurrent bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. She says she feels well otherwise. Review of systems is significant for a 4 kg weight loss over the past month. Physical examination is significant for multiple aphthous oral ulcers. Colonoscopy reveals a cobbl... | B: Dihydrofolate reductase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl swallows a marble while playing and is rushed to the hospital by her mother. The patient’s mother says she suddenly started to cough violently and made "funny breathing" sounds for a few minutes which then resolved. Her pulse is 100/min and respirations are 28/min. Physical examination reveals a gir... | E: Blood flow would be decreased due to arterial vasoconstriction. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient presents with periods of severe headaches and flushing however every time they have come to the physician they have not experienced any symptoms. The only abnormal finding is a blood pressure of 175 mmHg/100 mmHg. It is determined that the optimal treatment for this patient is surgical. Prior to surgery whi... | E: Phenoxybenzamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with no significant medical history returns for follow-up of a fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 110 mg/dL. His mother had a myocardial infarction at age 52. He weighs 90 kg and his body mass index is 35 kg/m2. His repeat FBG is 160 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is 7.0%. He is started on metformin b... | C: Lactated ringer's solution |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for the evaluation of a headache and increased sweating for the last two hours. The patient also reports palpitations and nausea. Yesterday, she was started on venlafaxine for treatment-resistant depression. She took citalopram for four weeks, but stopped three da... | B: Increased CNS serotonergic activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man with stable coronary artery disease comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Aside from occasional exertional chest pain on mowing the lawn or prolonged jogging, he feels well. He goes jogging for 20 minutes once a week and takes a tablet of sublingual nitroglycerine prior to his run to p... | C: Reflex sympathetic activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents with a 1-day-history of pain and difficulty moving his right shoulder. He was cleaning his attic when he fell through onto the floor below and landed on his outstretched right hand. He tried over-the-counter analgesics which did not help. Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient is... | B: Supraspinatus tendon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of intermittent sharp right upper quadrant abdominal pain and nausea for the past 10 hours. She has vomited 3 times. There is no associated fever, chills, diarrhea, or urinary symptoms. She has 2 children who both attend high school. She appears uncom... | E: Transabdominal ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of difficulty walking and cold feet for the past 2 months. His parents report that he tires quickly from walking. The patient was born at 37 weeks' gestation and has met all developmental milestones. There is no personal or family history of serious ... | B: Low tissue oxygenation in the legs |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of syncope. He reports sudden onset of palpitations followed by loss of consciousness while carrying his groceries to his car. He is unable to recall any further details and does not have any chest pain or dizziness. He has a history of hypertension, ty... | A: Prolonged QT interval |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with nausea and vomiting. The patient started experiencing these symptoms shortly after arriving home from going out to eat at a seafood restaurant. His symptoms progressed and now he reports having an odd metallic taste in his mouth, diffuse pruritus, and blurry... | A: Ciguatoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing shortness of breath for 1 month. He has been using two pillows at night but frequently wakes up feeling as if he is choking. Five months ago, he underwent surgery for creation of an arteriovenous fistula in his left upper arm. He has hypertension and chro... | E: High-output heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, is brought to the emergency department by her husband after an episode of unconsciousness. She delivered a healthy infant two weeks ago and the postpartum course was complicated by severe vaginal bleeding, for which she required 4 units of packed red blood cells. Since the bloo... | E: Pituitary ischemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his daughter after she found him to be extremely confused at home. She says that he appeared to be fine in the morning; however, upon returning home, she found that he was slumped in his chair and was hard to arouse. She was worried that he may have taken to... | E: Increased prothrombin time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man seeks help from a physician for his heroin addiction. He tells the doctor that he started using heroin at the age of 17 and gradually started increasing the dose. He has been trying to quit for the last 6 months after realizing the negative consequences of his addiction but has not succeeded because... | C: Methadone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is unable to pass urine after undergoing open abdominal surgery. His physical examination and imaging findings suggest that the cause of his urinary retention is non-obstructive and is most probably due to urinary bladder atony. He is prescribed a new selective muscarinic (M3) receptor agonist, whic... | C: Activation of phospholipase C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms consistently. His... | A: Epstein-Barr virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with severe dyspnea, fatigue, and vomiting. His mother reports that he has been lethargic for the last several days with an increase in urine output. She thinks he may even be losing weight, despite eating and drinking more than normal for the last couple weeks... | C: Decrease in serum potassium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with bloody stool and malaise. She developed a fever and acute left lower quadrant abdominal pain earlier in the day. She has had 2 bowel movements with bright red blood. Her past medical history is notable for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. She... | C: Muddy brown casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of lethargy and confusion for the past 24 hours. He has also had a productive cough for the past year and has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. He has a history of multiple sclerosis and has not had an acute exacerbatio... | C: Administer hypertonic saline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the physician with complaints of 5 days of watery diarrhea, fever, and bloating. He has not noticed any blood in his stool. He states that his diet has not changed recently, and his family has been spared from diarrhea symptoms despite eating the same foods that he has been cooking at ho... | E: Stool toxin assay |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor in late December with malaise. She reports worsening fatigue, myalgias, headache, and malaise that started 1 day ago. She works as a lunch lady at an elementary school. Her past medical history is notable for a distal radius fracture after a fall 2 years ago, bu... | B: Neuraminidase inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old woman is brought to the emergency ward by her son for lethargy and generalized weakness. The patient speaks in short utterances and does not make eye contact with the provider or her son throughout the interview and examination. You elicit that the patient lives with her son and daughter-in-law, and she... | D: Ask the patient's son to leave the room |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents with fever, chills, nausea, and urinary urgency and frequency. She says that her symptoms began 4 days ago and have progressively worsened. Her past medical history is significant for a 6-month history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Her vital signs include: temperature 39.0... | A: Pyelonephritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of lower extremity swelling and frothy urine. He has a history of chronic hepatitis C infection. Physical examination shows 3+ pitting edema of the lower legs and ankles. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the followi... | C: Increased lipoproteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased urinary frequency and a weakened urinary stream. He has a history of gout, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. He currently takes allopurinol, metformin, glyburide, and rosuvastatin. His temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood ... | B: Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old male presents with muscle weakness in his upper and lower extremities. The patient has also noticed some trouble with swallowing. On physical exam, signs of hyperreflexia, spasticity, fasciculations, and muscle atrophy are present in an asymmetric fashion. Tongue fasciculations are also present. No sens... | D: Denervation and reinnervation of the muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura at the age of 37 years and has been treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous immune globulin. She has visited the emergency department 3 times in the past 4 months for nose bleeds, which ... | E: Schedule splenectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife because of progressive difficulty walking during the past 3 months. He has not been able to walk without assistance for the past month and has started to use a wheelchair. He also reports having urinary incontinence for 1 year. His wife says that he has begun ... | A: Multiple system atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravid woman at 36 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department for 2 hours of contractions. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. The contractions occur once every 20–30 minutes, last less than 30 seconds, and have been consistent in intensity and duration since onset. During that time there... | D: Reassurance and discharge |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by a friend after fainting at work and hitting her head. She is conscious, alert, and in pain as she sustained a deep laceration above her right orbit. When asked about prior fainting episodes, she says that she has had them since childhood, but she felt it w... | D: Magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old G4P3 presents with a 5-year history of involuntary urine loss on coughing, sneezing, and physical exertion. She denies urine leakage at night. She has been menopausal since 51 years of age. She is otherwise healthy and is not on any medications, including hormone replacement therapy. The weight is 78 kg... | E: Normal residual volume, no involuntary detrusor contractions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman is brought in by police for trying to break into a museum after hours. The patient states that she is a detective on the trail of a master collusion scheme and needs the artifacts from the museum to prove her case. Her family reports that she has been acting strangely for the past week. She has be... | C: Haloperidol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Six hours after delivery, a 3050-g (6-lb 12-oz) male newborn is noted to have feeding intolerance and several episodes of bilious vomiting. He was born at term to a healthy 35-year-old woman following a normal vaginal delivery. The pregnancy was uncomplicated, but the patient's mother had missed several of her prenat... | B: Duodenal atresia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and IQ scores. The IQ scores of young American adults have historically been reported to be distributed normally with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Initially, the researcher obtains a random sampling of 300 high school students fr... | C: Decrease in standard error of the mean |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of pain with urination and eye redness. He reports that he developed these symptoms approximately one week ago. He also has noticed left knee and right heel pain that started a few days ago. He denies any recent trauma. He had an episode of abdomin... | A: HLA-B27 haplotype |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for a routine medical examination. His medical history is relevant for delayed gross motor milestones. The mother is concerned about a growth delay because both of his brothers were twice his size at this age. Physical examination reveals a well-groomed an... | C: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying brachial artery reactivity in women with suspected coronary heart disease. The brachial artery diameter is measured via ultrasound before and after intra-arterial injection of acetylcholine. An increase of 7% in the vascular diameter is noted. The release of which of the following is most ... | A: Nitric oxide from endothelial cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old female in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy is diagnosed with primary Toxoplasma gondii infection. Her physician fears that the fetus may be infected in utero. Which of the following are associated with T. gondii infection in neonates?? {'A': 'Patent ductus arteriosus, cataracts, deafness', 'B': 'Temporal ... | E: Hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a swollen and painful right knee for the last 3 days. He has no history of joint disease. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows erythema and swelling of the right knee, with limited range of motion due to pain. Arthrocentesis of the right knee ... | B: Calcium pyrophosphate deposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new treatment for hemorrhagic stroke, which is a life-threatening clinical condition that occurs when a diseased blood vessel in the brain ruptures or leaks, was evaluated as soon as it hit the market by an international group of neurology specialists. In those treated with the new drug, a good outcome was achieved... | A: 5 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after the sudden onset of shortness of breath, epigastric pain, and sweating. He has no history of similar symptoms. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current medications include amlodipine and metformin. He has smoked one pack of cigaret... | E: Normal saline bolus " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying targeted therapy in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors requires a reliable test to determine the spatial distribution of CD117-positive cells in biopsy specimens. Which of the following is the most appropriate test?? {'A': 'Flow cytometry', 'B': 'Immunohistochemistry', 'C': 'Wester... | B: Immunohistochemistry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In an attempt to create other selective dopamine 1 (D1) agonists, a small pharmaceutical company created a cell-based chemical screen that involved three modified receptors - alpha 1 (A1), beta 1 (B1), and D1. In the presence of D1 stimulation, the cell would produce an mRNA that codes for a fluorescent protein; howe... | E: Fenoldopam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-year-history of intermittent upper abdominal pain that occurs a few hours after meals and occasionally wakes her up in the middle of the night. She reports that the pain is relieved with food intake. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Endoscopy shows... | E: Bicarbonate secretion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is regulated at several steps, and accumulation of one or more products/chemicals can either promote or inhibit one or more enzymes in either pathway. Which of the following molecules if increased in concentration can promote gluconeogenesis?? {'A': 'AMP', 'B': 'ADP'... | E: Acetyl-CoA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man who had undergone liver transplantation 7 years ago, presents to the physician because of yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and urine. He is on regular immunosuppressive therapy and is well-adherent to the treatment. He has no comorbidities and is not taking any other medication. He provi... | E: Interstitial cellular infiltration with parenchymal fibrosis, obliterative arteritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician after she accidentally cut her right forearm earlier that morning while working with her mother's embroidery scissors. She has no history of serious illness. The mother says she went to elementary and middle school abroad and is not sure if she received all of her childh... | C: Administer Tdap only |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of a sore throat and fever. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F). Examination shows edematous oropharyngeal mucosa and enlarged tonsils with purulent exudate. There is tender cervical lymphadenopathy. If left untreated, which of the following condit... | D: Dilated cardiomyopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to his primary care provider because of double vision and headache. He says these symptoms developed suddenly last night and have not improved. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 32 years and essential hypertension for 19 years for which he takes metformin and lisinopril. His last recorde... | B: Oculomotor nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with abdominal pain. His father tells the attending physician that his son has been experiencing severe stomach aches over the past week. They are intermittent in nature, but whenever they occur he cries and draws up his knees to his chest. This usually provides... | E: Idiopathic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents complaining of decreased vibratory sense in his lower limbs. Physical exam reveals a widened pulse pressure and a decrescendo murmur occurring after the S2 heart sound. After further questioning, he also reports he experienced a maculopapular rash over his trunk, palms and soles many years ... | A: Agglutination of antibodies with beef cardiolipin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician for genetic counseling prior to conception. For the past year, she has had intermittent episodes of headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and tingling of her fingers. She also complains of dark urine during the episodes. Her mother and maternal uncle have similar symptoms and he... | B: 50% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after undergoing cardiac catheterization and coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, a 70-year-old man develops shortness of breath at rest. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. His current medications include aspirin, clopidogrel, atorvastatin, sublingual nitrog... | E: Papillary muscle rupture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the mechanism of HIV infection in cells obtained from a human donor. The effect of a drug that impairs viral fusion and entry is being evaluated. This drug acts on a protein that is cleaved off of a larger glycosylated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell. The protein that... | D: env |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One week ago, he was treated in the emergency department for chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. As part of his regimen, he was started on a medication that irreversibly inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins. Which of the f... | E: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man undergoes a coronary artery bypass grafting. Upon regaining consciousness, he reports that he cannot see from either eye and cannot move his arms. Physical examination shows bilaterally equal, reactive pupils. A fundoscopy shows no abnormalities. An MRI of the brain shows wedge-shaped cortical infar... | E: Systemic hypotension " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man presents to the emergency room with abdominal pain. He reports acute onset of left lower quadrant abdominal pain and nausea three hours prior to presentation. The pain is severe, constant, and non-radiating. He has had two maroon-colored bowel movements since the pain started. His past medical histo... | A: Cardiac thromboembolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father because of a 1-day history of a pruritic rash on his trunk and face. Five days ago, he developed low-grade fever, nausea, and diarrhea. Physical examination shows a lace-like erythematous rash on the trunk and face with circumoral pallor. The agent most likel... | C: Erythroid progenitor cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents to your clinic for the evaluation of an abnormal skin lesion on her forearm. The patient is worried because her mother passed away from melanoma. You believe that the lesion warrants biopsy for further evaluation for possible melanoma. Your patient is concerned about her risk for malignan... | D: Depth of invasion of atypical cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to her physician for her annual checkup. She has diabetes mellitus, type 1 and takes insulin regularly. She reports no incidents of elevated or low blood sugar and that she is feeling energetic and ready to face the morning every day. Her vital signs and physical are normal. On the way ho... | C: Activation of tyrosine kinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl comes to the physician because of excessive flow and duration of her menses. Since menarche a year ago, menses have occurred at irregular intervals and lasted 8–9 days. Her last menstrual period was 5 weeks ago with passage of clots. She has no family or personal history of serious illness and take... | C: Inadequate gonadotropin production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents for a circumcision. The circumcision was uncomplicated; however, after a few hours, the diaper contained blood, and the bleeding has not subsided. A complete blood count was ordered, which was significant for a platelet count of 70,000/mm3. On peripheral ... | D: Decreased GpIb |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath. He was eating dinner with his family during the holidays and felt very short of breath, thus prompting him to come in. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, 2 myocardial infarctions, and obesity. Physical exam... | E: Chronic use leads to long-term nephrogenic adaptations |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to her physician for difficulty swallowing. She states that she intentionally delayed seeing a physician for this issue. She says her primary issue with swallowing is that her mouth always feels dry so she has difficulty chewing food to the point that it can be swallowed. On physical exam... | B: Follicular hyperplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old female is admitted to the hospital after worsening headaches for the past month. She has noticed that the headaches are usually generalized, and frequently occur during sleep. She does not have a history of migraines or other types of headaches. Her past medical history is significant for breast cancer,... | E: Surgical resection of the mass |
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