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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-day-old infant presents to the office because the mother noticed “blood” in the diaper of her child. She has brought the diaper with her which shows a small reddish marking. The pregnancy was without complications, as was the delivery. The patient presents with no abnormal findings on physical examination. The la... | C: No therapy is required |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of a sudden loss of vision in his left eye for 2 hours. He has no pain. He had a similar episode 1 month ago which lasted only seconds. He has no history of a headache or musculoskeletal pain. He has had ischemic heart disease for 8 years and hypertension... | A: Central retinal artery occlusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents with low mood and tearfulness on most days for the past 4 weeks. She says that she has been struggling to cope with her life and feels that everything that is going wrong is her fault. She also says that there are nights when she cries herself to sleep as the burden of the whole day is to... | D: Inhibits the uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at the presynaptic terminal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of abdominal pain for the past month. The pain comes and goes and is the most prominent after meals. He reports 1-2 episodes of black stools in the past month, a 10-lbs weight loss, fevers, and a skin rash on his left arm. A review of systems is negative for any recen... | D: Segmental ischemic necrosis of various ages at the mesenteric arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effects of zinc deprivation on cancer cell proliferation. It is hypothesized that because zinc is known to be a component of transcription factor motifs, zinc deprivation will result in slower tumor growth. To test this hypothesis, tumor cells are cultured on media containing low and h... | E: Southwestern blot |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old female presents with acute right wrist pain after she lost her balance while reaching overhead and fell from standing height. Her right wrist radiographs shows a fracture of her right distal radius. A follow-up DEXA bone density scan is performed and demonstrates a T-score of -3.5 at the femoral neck an... | A: Hydrochlorothiazide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of walking difficulties. His mother says that he cannot walk unless he is supported. She has also noted orange, sandy residues in his diapers. Over the past year, she has frequently caught him pulling his toenails and chewing the tips of his fingers. Examination... | E: Xanthine to urate " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man, otherwise healthy, has a routine CBC done prior to donating blood for the first time. The results are as follows: Hemoglobin 10.8 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 82 μm3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 42% Reticulocyte count 3.2% White blood cell count 8,700/mm3 Platelet count 32... | B: Inherited membrane abnormality of red cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe retrosternal pain radiating to the back and left shoulder for 4 hours. The pain began after attending a farewell party for his coworker at a local bar. He had 3–4 episodes of nonbilious vomiting before the onset of the pain. He has hypertensio... | C: CT scan of the chest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4430-g (9-lb 10-oz) male newborn is delivered at term to a 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1. The second stage of labor was prolonged and required vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery. Apgar scores are 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Examination of the neonate 2 hours later shows a soft, nonpulsatile swel... | B: Cephalohematoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old university student presents to the student clinic with painful joints. He states that over the past week his right wrist has become increasingly stiff. This morning he noticed pain and stiffness in his left ankle and left knee. The patient has celiac disease and takes a daily multivitamin. He says he is... | B: Disseminated gonococcal infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician because of lower back pain for the past 2 weeks. The pain is stabbing and shooting in quality and radiates down the backs of his legs. It began when he was lifting a bag of cement at work. The pain has been getting worse, and he has started to notice occasional numbness and cl... | C: MRI of the lumbar spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision. He was being carpooled to school by an intoxicated driver and was involved in a high velocity head-on collision. The patient is otherwise healthy and has no past medical history. His temperature is 99.2°F (37.3°C), blood pressur... | A: Blood products and emergency surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with upper abdominal pain. He reports a 3-month history of mild epigastric pain that improves with meals. He has lost 15 pounds since his symptoms started. His past medical history is notable for gynecomastia in the setting of a prolactinoma for which he under... | E: Promote gastric mucosal growth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents to his primary care physician complaining of multiple episodes of chest pain, palpitations, and syncope. Episodes have occurred twice daily for the last week, and he is asymptomatic between episodes. Electrocardiogram reveals a narrow-complex supraventricular... | B: L-type Ca channels in smooth muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old G2P1 female at 30 weeks gestation presents to the emergency department with complaints of vaginal bleeding and severe abdominal pain. She states that she began feeling poorly yesterday with a stomach-ache, nausea, and vomiting. She first noted a small amount of spotting this morning that progressed to m... | B: Hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents to her family practitioner complaining of tremulousness of both hands for the past few years that have deteriorated over the past 7 months. She sometimes spills coffee while holding a full cup. She is a receptionist and her symptoms have led to difficulties with typing at work. She denies... | C: Primidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to his primary care provider after complaining of a rash on his penis. He describes it as small painless growths that have developed over the past several months. They have slowly increased in size over time. His medical history is unremarkable. He has had several sexual partners and uses c... | A: Cryotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man presents with painful oral ulcers and rash. He says that his symptoms started 1 week ago with a low-grade fever, malaise, and cough. Then, 3 days ago, he noted small painful red bumps on his hands and feet, which quickly worsened and spread to involve his extremities and upper torso. At the same tim... | B: Rich dermal inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly composed of CD4+ T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist's office with complaints of frequent hot flashes and significant sweating episodes, which affect her sleep at night. She complains that she has to change her clothes in the middle of the night because of the sweating events. She also complains of irritability, which is... | C: Low-dose vaginal estrogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying a hereditary defect in the mitochondrial enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. In addition to succinate, the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme produces a molecule that is utilized as an energy source for protein translation. This molecule is also required for which of the following conversion re... | D: Oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of fatigue, low-grade fevers, and cough productive of blood-tinged sputum. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and underwent kidney transplantation 8 months ago. His temperature is 38.9°C (102.1°F) and pulse is 98/min. Examin... | B: Exposure to contaminated soil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old male newborn born at 39 weeks' gestation is brought to the physician because of yellowing of his skin. His mother received no prenatal care and the delivery was uncomplicated. She has no history of serious medical illness and has one other son who is healthy. Physical examination shows jaundice, hepatomeg... | E: IgG antibody formation against Rh antigen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by a neighbor with signs of altered mental status. He was found 6 hours ago stumbling through his neighbor's bushes and yelling obscenities. The neighbor helped him home, but found him again 1 hour later slumped over on his driveway in a puddle of vomit. He is ... | B: Fomepizole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman from Texas is transferred to the intensive care unit after delivering a child at 40 weeks gestation. The pregnancy was not complicated, and there was some blood loss during the delivery. The patient was transferred for severe hypotension refractory to IV fluids and vasopressors. She is currently o... | C: Primary adrenal insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man is evaluated for abdominal discomfort he has had for the past 6 days and fever for the past 2 weeks. He also notes that his right upper abdomen is bothering him. He states that he does not drink alcohol or use illicit drugs. His medical history is insignificant and family history is negative for any... | E: B lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of fatigue for the last several months. She reports feeling tired all day, regardless of her quality or quantity of sleep. On further questioning, she has also noted constipation and a 4.5 kg (10 lb) weight gain. She denies shortness of breath, che... | A: Autoimmune attack on endocrine tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of fever, chest pain, and a cough that has produced a moderate amount of greenish-yellow sputum for the past 2 days. During this period, she has had severe malaise, chills, and difficulty breathing. Her past medical history is significant for h... | B: Inpatient treatment with azithromycin and ceftriaxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 68-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of nausea, anorexia, polyuria, and confusion. Her only medication is acetaminophen, which she takes daily for back pain that started 6 weeks ago. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor. She is oriented to ... | B: Overproliferation of plasma cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man with alcohol use disorder is brought to the emergency department because of sudden-onset blurry vision, severe upper abdominal pain, and vomiting that started one day after he drank a bottle of paint thinner. Physical examination shows epigastric tenderness without rebound or guarding. Ophthalmologi... | E: Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One week after delivery, a 3550-g (7-lb 13-oz) newborn has multiple episodes of bilious vomiting and abdominal distention. He passed urine 14 hours after delivery and had his first bowel movement 3 days after delivery. He was born at term to a 31-year-old woman. Pregnancy was uncomplicated and the mother received ade... | A: Defective migration of neural crest cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents with erectile dysfunction. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 1 diagnosed 25 years ago, managed with insulin, and for donating blood 6 months ago. The patient denies any history of smoking or alcohol use. He is afebrile, and his vital signs are within normal limi... | A: Hemochromatosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman sees her family doctor for a follow-up appointment to discuss her imaging studies. She previously presented with chest pain and shortness of breath for the past 2 months. Her CT scan shows a 3.5 cm mass in the lower lobe of her right lung. The mass has irregular borders. Saddle/hilar lymph nodes a... | A: Tissue biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher discovers a new inhibitor for 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase that she believes will be more effective than current drugs. The compound she discovers uses the same mechanism of inhibiting the target enzyme as current drugs of this class; however, it has fewer off target effects and side ... | B: Higher Km and same Vmax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old G1P1 woman gives birth to a male infant at 36 weeks gestation. The patient had an uncomplicated Caesarean delivery and gave birth to a 6-pound infant. The patient has a past medical history of cocaine and heroine use but states she quit 8 years ago. She also suffers from obesity and type II diabetes mel... | E: Maternal hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old patient presents to your office with rhinorrhea that you believe to be viral in origin. He respectfully requests treatment with antibiotics, and he demonstrates an understanding of the risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment. His mental status is intact, and you believe him to have full decision-... | E: Deny the patient's request |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man is discovered unconscious by local police while patrolling in a park. He is unresponsive to stimulation. Syringes were found scattered around him. His heart rate is 70/min and respiratory rate is 6/min. Physical examination reveals a disheveled man with track marks on both arms. His glasgow coma sca... | A: Results in acute withdrawal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old pregnant woman gives birth to a baby at term. The antepartum course was uneventful. She was compliant with all prenatal examinations and was given a prophylactic tetanus vaccine. While performing the neonatal examination, the pediatrician reports Apgar scores of 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. Th... | C: Increased amount of 11-deoxycorticosterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 7-month history of abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and a 6.8-kg (15-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows generalized pallor and splenomegaly. Laboratory studies show anemia with pronounced leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Cytogenetic analysis shows a BCR-A... | A: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his daughter with complaints of a productive cough, rust-colored sputum, and fever for 1 week. He denies any breathlessness or chest pain. The past medical history is unremarkable. The vital signs include a pulse rate of 103/min, respiratory rate of 34/min, and bl... | E: Norepinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents with a complaint of prominent stiffness in his legs which is causing a difficulty in ambulation. He is not able to relax his trunk area and has frequent, painful muscle spasms. He denies diplopia, swallowing difficulties, and urinary or bowel problems. He has a medical history of stage IV l... | A: Amphiphysin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of difficulty swallowing that has worsened over the past year. He also reports some hoarseness and generalized bone, muscle, and joint pain. During the past six months, he has had progressive constipation and two episodes of kidney stones. He also reports re... | D: Altered RET proto-oncogene expression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy presents with bilateral conjunctivitis and pharyngitis. The patient’s mother says that symptoms acutely onset 3 days ago and include itchy red eyes, a low-grade fever, and a sore throat. She says that the patient recently attended a camp where other kids were also ill and were completely healthy befo... | E: Adenovirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after the sudden onset of a rash that started on the head and progressed to the trunk and extremities. Over the past week, he has had a runny nose, a cough, and red, crusty eyes. He recently immigrated with his family from Yemen and immunization records are unav... | C: Retinol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents with a 1-year history of resting tremor and clumsiness in his right hand. He says his symptoms are progressively worsening and are starting to interfere with his work. He has no significant past medical history and is not currently taking any medications. The patient denies any smoking hist... | B: Selegiline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presented to her PCP with one week of difficulty falling asleep, despite having good sleep hygiene. She denies changes in her mood, weight loss, and anhedonia. She has had difficulty concentrating and feels tired throughout the day. Recently, she was fired from her previous job. What medication wo... | B: Zolpidem |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male patient is brought into the emergency department by emergency medical services. The patient has a history of schizophrenia and is on medication per his mother. His mother also states that the dose of his medication was recently increased, though she is not sure of the specific medication he takes. ... | C: Dantrolene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a several-month history of heat intolerance. She lives in a small apartment with her husband and reports that she always feels hot and sweaty, even when their air conditioning is on high. On further questioning, she's also had a 4.5 kg (10 lb) unintentional weight loss. ... | E: Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man presents to the emergency room with a complaint of lower abdominal pain that started about 5 hours ago. The pain was initially located around the umbilicus but later shifted to the right lower abdomen. It is a continuous dull, aching pain that does not radiate. He rates the severity of his pain as 7... | A: Pylephlebitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He is being evaluated for high blood pressure readings that were incidentally recorded at a routine health maintenance examination 1 month ago. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. His pulse is 88/min and blood pressure is... | D: Eplerenone therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of skin lesions. Initially, she experienced pain in the affected areas, followed by discoloration of the skin and formation of blisters. Four days ago, the patient was started on a new medication by her physician after failed cardio... | B: Deficiency of a natural anticoagulant |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents with multiple painful ulcers on his penis. He says that the ulcers all appeared suddenly at the same time 3 days ago. He reports that he is sexually active with multiple partners and uses condoms inconsistently. He is afebrile and his vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examinati... | E: Herpes simplex virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with a Staphylococcal aureus infection of his decubitus ulcers. He is diabetic and has a body mass index of 45. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), respirations are 15/min, pulse is 67/min and blood pressure is 122/98 mm Hg. The nurse is monitoring his blood glucose and re... | A: Yes, glargine insulin is a long-acting insulin and should still be given to control his blood glucose over the next 24 hours. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy presents to your office with puffy eyes. The patient's mother states that his eyes seem abnormally puffy and thinks he may have an eye infection. Additionally, he had a sore throat a week ago which resolved with over the counter medications. The mother also thought that his urine was darker than usu... | E: Sub-epithelial electron dense deposits on electron microscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care provider after noticing increasing fatigue over the past several weeks. He now becomes short of breath after going up 1 flight of stairs. He was previously healthy and has not seen a doctor for several years. He denies any fever or changes to his bowel movements. On exam... | E: Superior mesenteric vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her roommate because of bizarre behavior and incoherent talkativeness for the past week. Her roommate reports that the patient has been rearranging the furniture in her room at night and has ordered a variety of expensive clothes online. The patient says s... | C: Obtain TSH, β-hCG, and serum creatinine concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 12-month history of upper abdominal pain. The pain is worse after eating, which she reports as 7 out of 10 in intensity. Over the last year, she has also had nausea, heartburn, and multiple episodes of diarrhea with no blood or mucus. Eight months ago, she under... | D: Fasting serum gastrin level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old Caucasian woman comes to the clinic with complaints of fatigability and persistent headaches for the last month. Her headache is dull, encompassing her whole head, and has been getting worse lately. She has associated diplopia and progressively diminishing peripheral vision. She also complains of diffic... | A: Craniopharyngioma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his roommate 20 minutes after being discovered unconscious at home. On arrival, he is unresponsive to painful stimuli. His pulse is 65/min, respirations are 8/min, and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 75%. Despite ... | A: Opioid analgesics |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents with fever, chills, nausea, and dysuria. She says her symptoms started 4 days ago and have progressively worsened. Her past medical history is significant for recurrent UTIs for the past 6 months and for diabetes mellitus type 2, diagnosed 5 years ago and treated with metformin. Her vital... | E: Admit for IV antibiotic therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents with progressive vision loss in her right eye and periorbital pain for 5 days. She says that she has also noticed weakness, numbness, and tingling in her left leg. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Neurological examination shows gait imbalance, positive Babinski reflexes, bilatera... | E: Multiple sclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents after she appeared to have a seizure at home. On presentation, she no longer has convulsions though she is still noted to be lethargic. She was born through uncomplicated vaginal delivery and was not noted to have any abnormalities at the time o... | B: Debranching enzyme |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying the mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. She begins by obtaining a culture of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and conducts replicate plating experiments. In these experiments, colonies are inoculated onto a membrane and smeared on 2 separate plates, 1 contai... | B: Plasmid loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to clinic in emotional distress. She states she has been unhappy for the past couple of months and is having problems with her sleep and appetite. Additionally, she reports significant anxiety regarding thoughts of dirtiness around the house. She states that she cleans all of the doorknob... | A: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a chief concern of shortness of breath. She was hiking when she suddenly felt unable to breathe and had to take slow deep breaths to improve her symptoms. The patient is a Swedish foreign exchange student and does not speak any English. Her past medical hi... | E: Normal DLCO |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 1-week-old son to the pediatrician because she is concerned about the child’s umbilicus. She notes that there appears to be fluid draining from the child’s umbilicus several times a day. The child has been breastfeeding normally. On exam, a small amount of clear light yellow fluid drains from the ... | D: Urachus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 32 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital for the management of elevated blood pressures. On admission, her pulse is 81/min, and blood pressure is 165/89 mm Hg. Treatment with an intravenous drug is initiated. Two days after admission, she has a headache and palpitatio... | E: Direct dilation of the arterioles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old G3P2002 presents to her obstetrician’s office for her first prenatal visit at ten weeks and two days gestation. She notes that she has felt nauseous the last several mornings and has been especially tired for a few weeks. Otherwise, she feels well. The patient has had two uncomplicated spontaneous vagin... | B: Chorionic villus sampling |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman is transferred from her primary care physician's office to the emergency department for further evaluation of hypokalemia to 2.5 mEq/L. She was recently diagnosed with hypertension 2 weeks ago and started on medical therapy. The patient said that she enjoys all kinds of food and exercises regularl... | D: Administer isotonic saline 1 liter via peripheral IV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Nine days after being treated for a perforated gastric ulcer and sepsis, a 78-year-old woman develops decreased urinary output and malaise. She required emergency laparotomy and was subsequently treated in the intensive care unit for sepsis. Blood cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The patient was treated with cef... | C: Muddy brown casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician because of palpitations and irritability. Over the past 4 months, she has had several episodes of heart racing and skipping beats that lasted between 30 seconds and several hours. She has also been arguing with her husband more, often about the temperature being too warm. Th... | E: L-thyroxine therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of pain in her right breast for 5 days. The pain is moderate-to-intense and is localized to the upper quadrant of the right breast, and mainly to the areola for the past 48 hours. She adds that there is some nipple discharge on the same side and that the righ... | C: Smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pain and sometimes numbness in her right thigh for the past 2 months. She reports that her symptoms are worse when walking or standing and are better while sitting. Three months ago, she started going to a fitness class a couple times a week. Sh... | C: Advise patient to wear looser pants |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the office with progressive shortness of breath and cough. A chest X-ray shows prominent hilar lymph nodes and scattered nodular infiltrates. Biopsy of the latter reveals noncaseating granulomas. This patient most likely as a history of exposure to which of the following?? {'A': 'Organic... | C: Beryllium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department acutely confused. The patient's wife found him mumbling incoherently in the kitchen this morning as they were preparing for a hike. The patient was previously healthy and only had a history of mild forgetfulness, depression, asthma, and seasonal allergies. His te... | E: Urinary retention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old male presents to your office with fever and dyspnea on exertion. He has been suffering from chronic, non-productive cough for 1 year. You note late inspiratory crackles on auscultation. Pulmonary function tests reveal an FEV1/FVC ratio of 90% and an FVC that is 50% of the predicted value. Which of the f... | A: Subpleural cystic enlargement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A team of intensivists working in a private intensive care unit (ICU) observe that the clinical efficacy of vancomycin is low, and proven nosocomial infections have increased progressively over the past year. A clinical microbiologist is invited to conduct a bacteriological audit of the ICU. He analyzes the microbiol... | B: Replacement of the terminal D-ala in the cell wall peptidoglycan by D-lactate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old male with a history of recurrent deep venous thromboses on warfarin presents to his hematologist for a follow-up visit. He reports that he feels well and has no complaints. His INR at his last visit was 2.5 while his current INR is 4.0. His past medical history is also notable for recent diagnoses of hy... | A: Omeprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his physician with increased thirst and polyuria for the past 4 months. Patient also notes a decrease in his vision for the past 6 months and tingling in his feet. The medical history is significant for a chronic pyelonephritis and stage 2 chronic kidney disease. The current medications ... | C: Lactic acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a progressively enlarging, 8-mm skin lesion on the right shoulder that developed 1 month ago. The patient has a light-skinned complexion and has had several dysplastic nevi removed in the past. A photograph of the lesion is shown. The lesion is most likely de... | A: Neuroblastoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 14-hour history of left flank pain associated with dark urine. Her temperature is 37.2°C (99°F). The abdomen is soft with normal bowel sounds. There is guarding on the left lateral side and tenderness to palpation over the left costophrenic angle. An x-ray of th... | C: Low-protein diet |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for recurrent deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of her left lower extremity. She is a vegetarian and often struggles to maintain an adequate intake of non-animal based protein. She currently smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day, drinks a glass of wine per day, and ... | B: Begin heparin and warfarin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old woman presents to the clinic, with her mother, complaining of a circular, itchy rash on her scalp for the past 3 weeks. Her mother is also worried about her hair loss. The girl has a past medical history significant for asthma. She needs to use her albuterol inhaler once per week on average. Her blood p... | D: Oral terbinafine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his daughter because of 3 days of fever, chills, cough, and shortness of breath. The cough is productive of yellow sputum. His symptoms have not improved with rest and guaifenesin. His past medical history is significant for hypertension, for which he takes ... | E: Respiratory alkalosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old patient presented to his family physician 8 years ago with initial complaints of increasing generalized stiffness with trouble initiating movement and worsening micrographia. He was started on levodopa after further evaluation led to a suspected diagnosis of Parkinson's disease; however, this therapy ul... | B: Glial cytoplasmic inclusions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn girl is delivered vaginally at term to a healthy 25-year-old G1P1. The pregnancy was uncomplicated. On examination, she was found to have a slight anal invagination, but no opening. Further examination shows a vestibular fistula and normally developed external genitalia. Which of the following statements ab... | D: There is a failure of the invagination and rupture of the dorsal portion of the cloacal membrane. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man comes to the physician because of decreased sexual performance for the past 2 years. He reports that it takes longer for his penis to become erect, and he cannot maintain an erection for as long as before. His ejaculations have become less forceful. Once he has achieved an orgasm, he requires severa... | E: Physiologic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the otolaryngologist for the evaluation of a 6-month history of difficulty breathing through his nose and clear nasal discharge. He has a history of seasonal atopic rhinosinusitis. Anterior rhinoscopy shows a nasal polyp obstructing the superior nasal meatus. A CT scan of the head is most l... | C: Sphenoidal sinus and posterior ethmoidal sinuses |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to a physician with repeated episodes of syncope and dizziness over the last month. On physical examination, his pulse is 64/min while all other vital signs are normal. His 24-hour ECG monitoring suggests a diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction. His detailed genetic evaluation shows that he c... | A: HCN-channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents the office for a 3-day history of fever and fatigue. Upon further questioning, he says that he also had constant muscular pain, headaches, and fever during these days. He adds additional information by giving a history of regular unprotected sexual relationship with multiple partners. He is... | E: Viral hepatitis B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After a year of trying to conceive, a young couple in their early twenties decided to try in vitro fertilization. During preliminary testing of fertility, it was found that the male partner had dysfunctional sperm. Past medical history revealed that he had frequent sinus and lung infections throughout his life. The p... | E: Kartagener syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the office because of painless rectal bleeding for the past 3 months. He describes intermittent streaks of bright red blood on the toilet paper after wiping and blood on but not mixed within the stool. Occasionally, he has noted a small volume of blood within the toilet bowl, and he asso... | D: Grade 2 internal hemorrhoids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2755-g (6-lb 1-oz) baby boy is delivered at 37 weeks' gestation to a 29-year-old woman who is gravida 3, para 3. His mother received no prenatal care during her pregnancy. 12 hours after birth, he is evaluated for jaundice and lethargy. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 9.6 g/dL and a serum tota... | D: Hepatosplenomegaly |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of daytime drowsiness and fatigue. She reports that she can manage at most a couple of hours of work before needing a nap. She has also noted impaired memory and a 6.8 kg (15 lb) weight gain. She denies shortness of breath, chest pain, lightheadedn... | B: Hypercholesterolemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-month-old male infant is brought to the physician by his mother because of a generalized pruritic rash for 2-weeks. The itchiness often causes the infant to wake up at night. He was strictly breastfed until 4 months of age, when he was transitioned to formula feeding. His father has a history of asthma. His immun... | E: Topical emollient " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department with left-sided weakness, facial deviation, and slurred speech. His wife first noticed these changes about an hour ago. The patient is having difficulty communicating. He can answer questions by nodding his head, and his wife is providing detailed information. H... | D: History of myocardial infarction 6 weeks ago |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room after collapsing at home. She had been sitting on her couch reading, when she started feeling lightheaded and lost consciousness. According to her husband, she was unconscious for approximately 30 seconds. Since regaining consciousness, she has continued to be ligh... | B: Administration of atropine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man presents to the hospital because of shortness of breath and chest pain that started a few hours ago. 3 weeks ago he had surgery for a total hip replacement with a prosthesis. The patient was treated with prophylactic doses of low-weight heparin until he was discharged. He did not have a fever, expec... | D: Pulmonary thromboembolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for asthma and seasonal allergies presents with a new rash. She has no significant past surgical, social, or family history. The patient's blood pressure is 131/90 mm Hg, the pulse is 77/min, the respiratory rate is 17/min, and the temperature is 36.9°C (98.... | E: Contact dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician for a check-up. The patient has a history of recurrent ear infections and several episodes of pneumonia. His mother reports the presence of scaly skin lesions on the face and in the antecubital and popliteal fossa since the patient was 2 months old. Physical examinatio... | B: Decreased CD43 expression on flow cytometry |
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