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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman makes an appointment with her primary care physician because she recently started experiencing post-menopausal bleeding. She states that she suffered from anorexia as a young adult and has been thin throughout her life. She says that this nutritional deficit is likely what caused her to not experi... | D: Never becoming pregnant |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-hour history of sudden-onset headache associated with nausea and vomiting. The patient reports she was sitting at her desk when the headache began. The headache is global and radiates to her neck. She has hypertension. She has smoked one pack o... | E: Perform surgical clipping |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician because of a 10-day history of small quantities of intermittent, blood-tinged discharge from her left nipple. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 5 years. Her last menstrual period was 12 days a... | A: Subareolar ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the immune response and the spleen in a mouse model infected with Escherichia coli. Which of the following anatomical sites in the spleen is important for the initial maturation of B cells that will ultimately target Escherichia coli?? {'A': 'Periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths', 'B': 'Red pu... | D: Germinal center |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman at 30 weeks gestation is rushed to the emergency room with the sudden onset of vaginal bleeding accompanied by intense abdominopelvic pain and uterine contractions. The intensity and frequency of pain have increased in the past 2 hours. This is her 1st pregnancy and she was diagnosed with gestatio... | E: Placenta abruption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old girl is brought to the emergency room by her mother because of wheezing for 1 day. The baby has never had similar symptoms. She also has a runny nose and a cough. She is not feeding well. Her immunizations are up-to-date. Her rectal temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F), the heart rate is 120/min, and the r... | B: Bronchiolitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic complaining of cough and unintentional weight loss over the past 3 months. He works as a computer engineer, and he informs you that he has been having to meet several deadlines recently and has been under significant stress. His medical history is significant for g... | A: Small cell lung cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old female presents to an urgent care clinic for evaluation of a loose bowel movement that she developed after returning from her honeymoon in Mexico last week. She states that she has been having watery stools for the past 3 days at least 3 times per day. She now has abdominal cramps as well. She has no si... | A: Ciprofloxacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to a pediatrician by her parents to establish care after moving to a new state. She does not have any complaints. Her past medical history is insignificant, and immunization history is up to date. The physical examination reveals a slightly raised strawberry-colored nodule on the skin of... | A: Hemangioma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive abdominal distension and swelling of his legs for 4 months. He has a history of ulcerative colitis. Physical examination shows jaundice. Abdominal examination shows shifting dullness and dilated veins in the periumbilical region. This patient's abdominal... | C: Superior epigastric vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of a severely pruritic skin rash. Physical examination shows a symmetrical rash over the knees and elbows with tense, grouped vesicles, and several excoriation marks. Microabscesses in the papillary dermis are seen on light microscopy. Immunofluorescence sho... | B: Gliadin-dependent hypersensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents to the emergency department with agitation and combativeness. The paramedics who brought him in say that he was demonstrating violent, reckless behavior and was running into oncoming traffic. Chemical sedation is required to evaluate the patient. Physical examination reveals horizontal and ... | E: Phencyclidine (PCP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One day after undergoing a left carotid endarterectomy, a 63-year-old man has a severe headache. He describes it as 9 out of 10 in intensity. He has nausea. He had 80% stenosis in the left carotid artery and received heparin prior to the surgery. He has a history of 2 transient ischemic attacks, 2 and 4 months ago. H... | D: Hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old mother presents to her primary care physician for wrist pain. The patient recently gave birth to a healthy newborn at 40 weeks gestation. Beginning one week ago, she started having pain over her wrist that has steadily worsened. The patient notes that she also recently fell while walking and broke the f... | E: Rest and ibuprofen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of painful swelling on the right side of her face. The pain worsens when she eats. Examination of the face shows a right-sided, firm swelling that is tender to palpation. Oral examination shows no abnormalities. Ultrasonography shows a stone locat... | C: Lateral to the second upper molar tooth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Ten days after the vaginal delivery of a healthy infant girl, a 27-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband because of frequent mood changes. She has been tearful and anxious since she went home from the hospital 2 days after delivery. She says that she feels overwhelmed with her new responsibilities... | D: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 82-year-old man dies in a motor vehicle collision. At autopsy, the heart shows slight ventricular thickening. There are abnormal, insoluble aggregations of protein filaments in beta-pleated linear sheets in the ventricular walls and, to a lesser degree, in the atria and lungs. No other organs sho... | B: Normal transthyretin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician with complaints of gingival growth in the lower jaw with associated pain for the past few weeks. He has no history of trauma or any other significant medical conditions. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse is 92/min, and respiratory rate is 24/min. On extraoral exami... | C: Birbeck granules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with chest pain. He was at home watching television when he suddenly felt chest pain that traveled to his back. The patient has a past medical history of alcoholism, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and depression. His temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressu... | C: Labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old G1P0 woman comes to the emergency department complaining that her water just broke. She reports irregular prenatal care due to her erratic schedule. She is also unsure of her gestational age but claims that her belly began to show shortly after she received her thyroidectomy for her Graves disease about... | B: High levels of free T4 and total T3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old male visits a urologist and reports that for the past 2 weeks, his penis has been gradually curving to the right with associated pain during intercourse. He is able to have a normal erection and he does not recollect of any trauma to his penis. Although he is married, he admits to having unprotected sex... | D: Fibrosis of tunica albuginea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-day-old newborn has difficulty feeding and diarrhea for 2 days. During this period he has vomited after each of his feeds. He was born at 28 weeks' gestation and weighed 1100-g (2-lb 7-oz). His feeds consist of breast milk and cow milk based-formula. He appears lethargic. His temperature is 36.4°C (97.5°F), pul... | E: Necrotizing enterocolitis " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old male infant is brought to a pediatrician by his guardian for scheduled immunizations. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. The infant is generally healthy; however, the guardian is concerned... | A: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 46-year-old woman comes to the physician with a one-week history of productive cough and fatigue. Two weeks ago, she had fever, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and myalgias that resolved with supportive care. She has not traveled out of the United States. Pulmonary examination shows dullness to per... | A: Gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive swelling of the left lower leg for 4 months. One year ago, he had an episode of intermittent fever and tender lymphadenopathy that occurred shortly after he returned from a trip to India and resolved spontaneously. Physical examination shows 4+ nonpittin... | C: Deposition of thread-like larvae into the skin by a female mosquito |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents with progressively worsening headache, photophobia, and intermittent fever that have lasted for 6 days. She says her headache is mostly frontal and radiates down her neck. She denies any recent history of blood transfusions, recent travel, or contact with animals. Her past medical history... | E: Enterovirus meningitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the emergency room complaining of severe, episodic back pain. He states that it started suddenly this morning. The pain is 9/10 and radiates to his left groin. He endorses seeing blood in his urine earlier but denies dysuria or abnormal urethral discharge. His medical history is significant... | A: Crohn disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes presents to the emergency department for the evaluation of a blood glucose level of 492 mg/dL. Laboratory examination revealed a serum bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L, serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L, and ketonuria. Arterial blood gas demonstrated a pH of 6.9. He is a... | D: Papilledema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old African American college student comes to the office for a scheduled visit. He has been healthy, although he reports occasional flank discomfort which comes and goes. He denies any fever, chills, dysuria, or polyuria in the past year. His vaccinations are up to date. His family history is unknown, as he... | B: Intravenous (IV) pyelogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department after she fell during a dance class. She was unable to stand after the accident and has a painful and swollen knee. On presentation she says that she has had 2 previous swollen joints as well as profuse bleeding after minor cuts. Based on her presentation, a ... | A: Desmopressin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are studying the effects of a new medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. A randomized group of 100 subjects is given the new medication 1st for 2 months, followed by a washout period of 2 weeks, and then administration of the gold standard medication for 2 months. Another randomized group of 100... | E: Carryover effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 26 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a routine prenatal examination. Her pregnancy has been uneventful. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 26-week gestation. She is given an oral 50-g glucose load; 1 hour later, her serum glucose concentr... | B: Generation of adenosine triphosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are treating a neonate with meningitis using ampicillin and a second antibiotic, X, that is known to cause ototoxicity. What is the mechanism of antibiotic X?? {'A': 'It binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits peptidyltransferase', 'B': 'It binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the initia... | C: It binds the 30s ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the initiation complex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found down on the sidewalk. On presentation, he is found to have overdosed on opioids so he is given naloxone and quickly recovers. Physical exam also reveals lumps on his neck and face that are covered by small yellow granules. These lumps are slow... | E: Gram-positive rod |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents to the physician because of fever and sore throat for 2 days. She also reports generalized body pain and fatigue over this period. She was diagnosed with Graves’ disease 6 months ago. Because of arthralgias and rash due to methimazole 3 months ago, her physician switched methimazole to PT... | B: Complete blood count with differential |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents to the emergency room complaining of clumsiness and weakness. He reports a 3-month history of worsening balance, asymmetric muscle weakness, and speech difficulties. He recently returned from a trip to Guatemal... | E: Polyomavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her father for an annual physical examination. The father reports that the patient is a happy and healthy child, but he sometimes worries about her weight. He says that she is a “picky” eater and only wants chicken nuggets and French fries. He also notes some mild a... | D: Head computed tomography (CT) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents complaining of pain in her hands. She reports that the pain is in both hands, and that it is usually worse in the morning. She reports that her hands are also stiff in the morning, but that this gradually improves throughout the morning. She notes, however, that her symptoms seem to be ge... | D: Production of antibodies against antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset shortness of breath and epigastric pain. The patient has a past medical history of GERD, obesity, diabetes mellitus type II, anxiety, glaucoma, and irritable bowel syndrome. His current medications include omeprazole, insulin, metformin, lisino... | B: Increased cGMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painless skin lesion on his neck for the past 5 months. The lesion has gradually become darker in color and is often pruritic. He has a similar lesion on the back. He is a retired landscaper. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for 45 years. Physical exa... | D: Immature keratinocytes with small keratin-filled cysts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department brought in by police. He was found shouting at strangers in the middle of the street. The patient has no significant past medical history, and his only medications include a short course of prednisone recently prescribed for poison ivy exposure. His temperature i... | E: Warmed IV normal saline and warm blankets |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man with coronary artery disease and hypertension comes to the emergency department because of intermittent retrosternal chest pain, lightheadedness, and palpitations. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 39 years. His pulse is 140/min and irregularly irregular, respirations are 20/min, and bl... | C: Interference with carboxylation of glutamate residues |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of intermittent palpitations and shortness of breath. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no other abnormalities. An ECG shows an absence of P waves, an oscillating baseline, and irregular RR intervals at a rate of approximately 95 beats per minute... | A: Temporary inactivation of Na+ channels in the AV node |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal and pelvic pain. She states it started 3 days ago and it has been getting gradually worse. She states it is diffuse and is located over her abdomen, pelvis, and inside her vagina. She also endorses vaginal pruritus and a discharge from her vagina... | D: Urine hCG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has been experiencing shortness of breath and cough. He began feeling short of breath when playing recreational soccer with his friends. Over time these episodes have become more severe. They now impair his ability to work as a construction worker. I... | A: Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:While walking through a park with his wife, a 51-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus develops nausea, sweating, pallor, and palpitations. For the past 3 weeks, he has been trying to lose weight and has adjusted his diet and activity level. He eats a low-carb diet and swims 3 times a week. The man returned home... | C: Intramuscular glucagon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An x-ray of the chest is conducted and shown below. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?? {'A': 'Perform interferon-γ release assay', 'B': 'Administer isoniazid for 9 months', 'C': 'Administer isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol', 'D': 'Repeat PPD skin test', 'E': 'Obta... | B: Administer isoniazid for 9 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to her physician with a four-month history of headache. Her headache is nonfocal but persistent throughout the day without any obvious trigger. She was told that it was a migraine but has never responded to sumatriptan, oxygen, or antiemetics. She takes amlodipine for hypertension. She do... | B: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During the exam of a 2-day-old female neonate you determine that she appears lethargic, cyanotic, and has a coarse tremor of her right arm. The patient's mother explains that she observed what she believed to be seizure-like activity just before you arrived in the room. The mother has a history of type two diabetes m... | B: Partial exchange transfusion with hydration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman comes to the physician because of generalized weakness for 6 months. During this period, she has also had a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss and frequent headaches. She has been avoiding eating solids because of severe jaw pain. She has hypertension and osteoporosis. She underwent a total left-sided knee... | D: Oral prednisone and temporal artery biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old primigravida at 28 weeks gestation presents to the office stating that she “can’t feel her baby kicking anymore.” She also noticed mild-to-moderate vaginal bleeding. A prenatal visit a few days ago confirmed the fetal cardiac activity by Doppler. The medical history is significant for GERD, hypertension... | B: Confirmation of cardiac activity by Doppler |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to her primary care doctor because of a new, pruritic rash. She was gardening in her yard two days ago and now has an eczematous papulovesicular rash on both ankles. You also note a single, 5 mm brown lesion with a slightly raised border on her left thigh. You prescribe a topical corticoster... | A: Further questioning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency department with vomiting. He states that he has experienced severe vomiting starting last night that has not been improving. He states that his symptoms improve with hot showers. The patient has presented to the emergency department with a similar complaints several times i... | B: Marijuana use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old female presents to your office complaining of several brief episodes of shortness of breath of varying severity. Which of the following substances would lead to a decrease in FEV1 of 20% if the patient has asthma?? {'A': 'Methacholine', 'B': 'Epinephrine', 'C': 'Ipratroprium', 'D': 'Norepinephrine', 'E'... | A: Methacholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 5-month history of breathing difficulties. He says that he has been experiencing exertional dyspnea that is accompanied by a nonproductive cough. His past medical history is significant for a solitary lung nodule that was removed surgically 10 years ago ... | D: Subpleural cystic enlargement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of persistent abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and rectal pain. During the past 2 weeks, she has had up to 4 small volumed, blood-tinged stools with mucus daily. She has also had intermittent fevers and a 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss during this time.... | D: Colorectal cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of recurrent episodes of vomiting for 1 day. He has had over 15 episodes of bilious vomiting. During this period he has had cramping abdominal pain but has not had a bowel movement or passed flatus. He does not have fever or diarrhea. He was diagnosed with C... | B: Strictureplasty of individual strictures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old gravida 4 para 1 presents to the emergency department with sudden severe abdominal pain and mild vaginal bleeding. Her last menstrual period was 12 weeks ago. She describes her pain as similar to uterine contractions. She has a history of 2 spontaneous abortions in the first trimester. She is not compla... | C: Increase myometrial sensitivity to contractions and induced decidual breakdown |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to his family physician for a routine exam. He feels well and reports no new complaints since his visit last year. Last year, he had a colonoscopy which showed no polyps, a low dose chest computerized tomography (CT) scan that showed no masses, and routine labs which showed a fasting glucos... | B: Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness visit. He says that he has been experiencing episodes of chest pain and lightheadedness. Approximately 1 week ago he fell to the ground after abruptly getting up from the bed. Prior to the fall, he felt lightheaded and his vision began to get blu... | D: Increased blood flow velocity through the aortic valve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old G1P1001 presents for her 6-week postpartum visit after delivering a male infant by spontaneous vaginal delivery at 41 weeks and 5 days gestation. She notes that five days ago, her right breast began to hurt, and the skin near her nipple turned red. She also states that she has felt feverish and generall... | D: Needle aspiration and oral dicloxacillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman with hypertension comes to the physician because of crampy, dull abdominal pain and weight loss for 1 month. The pain is located in the epigastric region and typically occurs within the first hour after eating. She has had a 7-kg (15.4-lb) weight loss in the past month. She has smoked 1 pack of ci... | A: Narrowing of the celiac artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman makes an appointment with her physician to discuss the results of her cervical cancer screening. She has been menopausal for 2 years and does not take hormone replacement therapy. Her previous Pap smear showed low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); no HPV testing was performed. Her gyne... | C: Colposcopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her parents because of irritable mood that started 5 days ago. Since then, she has been staying up late at night working on a secret project. She is energetic despite sleeping less than 4 hours per day. Her parents report that she seems easily distracted. She is usua... | A: Bipolar II disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents with massive hematemesis. Past medical history is significant for a gastric ulcer. He has a pulse of 115/min, respiratory rate of 20/min, temperature of 36°C (96.8°F), and blood pressure of 90/59 mm Hg. The patient receives a transfusion of 2 units of packed red blood cells. Around 5–10 min... | A: Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-day-old neonate is brought to the pediatrician by his parents for yellow skin for the past few days. His parents also reported that he remains quiet all day and does not even respond to sound. Further perinatal history reveals that he was born by cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation, and his birth weight was... | D: Liver transplantation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician after his parents noted that he could not sustain physical exertion and would experience muscle cramping. It was noted that after physical exertion the boy experienced severe muscle pain. After a series of biochemical and genetic tests, it was discovered the that the boy ... | E: UAU -> UAA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with difficulty breathing for the past 3 hours. He also mentions that over the last week he was frequently breathless and fatigued after walking a few blocks. He has had diabetes mellitus and hypertension for the past 10 years, and his regular medications include... | C: Acute decompensated heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician because of left lower abdominal pain for 1 day. She describes the pain as 6 out of 10 in intensity. Over the past 5 months, she has had similar episodes of pain that occur once a month and last 1 to 2 days. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 to 6 days. Menarc... | C: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. The boy was born at term, and the pregnancy was complicated by prolonged labor. There is no family history of any serious illnesses. He can sit upright but needs help to do so and cannot roll over from the prone to the supine position. He can... | C: Gross motor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman with HIV comes to the emergency department because of fever and multiple skin lesions for 1 week. She also has nausea, anorexia, and abdominal pain. The skin lesions are non-pruritic and painless. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 15 years and drinks 2 beers daily. She has been using... | D: Erythromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of progressive difficulty with breathing. He has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and chronic bronchitis. He has been receiving medications to moderate his conditions and reports being compliant with his schedule. He reports a recent difficulty with t... | D: O2 supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She is at 95th percentile for height and 70th percentile for weight. Examination shows elevated breast buds that extend beyond the areola. Coarse pubic and axillary hair is present. The external genitalia appear normal. An x-ray of the left w... | A: Granulosa cell tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is investigating the effects of a new antihypertensive medication on renal physiology. She gives a subject a dose of the new medication, and she then collects plasma and urine samples. She finds the following: Hematocrit: 40%; Serum creatinine: 0.0125 mg/mL; Urine creatinine: 1.25 mg/mL. Urinary output i... | C: 17% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man with asthma and dementia presents to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress. He is with his home care nurse who explains that he has been hiding his bronchodilators for the past 3 weeks, and she has had to dutifully look for them and help him administer them. Over the past 2 days, ho... | B: Sucralfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The serum brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-BNP are elevated. A diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is made. In addition to supplemental oxygen therapy, which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management?? {'A': 'Intermittent hemodialysis', 'B': 'Intravenous m... | E: Intravenous furosemide therapy " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old female presents with worsening shortness of breath with activity. Physical exam reveals a diastolic murmur with an opening snap. The patient’s medical history is significant for a left hip replacement 10 years ago, and she vaguely recalls an extended period of illness as a child described as several sev... | B: Penicillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia comes to the physician to discuss future treatment plans. She expresses interest in learning more about an experimental therapy being offered for her condition. After the physician explains the mechanism of the drug and describes the risks and benefits, the patient then... | C: Decision-making capacity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man has had dyspnea and hemoptysis for the past week. He has no known sick contacts. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He takes no medications. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 152/90 mm Hg. Examination shows inspi... | A: Increased anti-GBM antibody titers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the emergency department for severe, acute right leg pain. The patient's symptoms began suddenly 4 hours ago, while he was reading the newspaper. He has poorly-controlled hypertension and osteoarthritis. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 31 years. Current medications include li... | B: Balloon catheter embolectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of intermittent lower back pain for 1 week. His symptoms began shortly after lifting heavy boxes at work. He has not had any fever, chills, or weight loss. He has a history of peptic ulcer disease. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His vital signs are within normal l... | B: Acetaminophen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of headaches. He states that over the past month he has been trying to study for an accounting exam, but he finds it increasingly more difficult to focus due to his headaches. He also complains of lower extremity muscle cramping. He has no significa... | E: Low plasma renin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a throbbing headache. She states that the pain is worse when eating and is localized over the right side of her head. Review of systems is only notable for some blurry vision in the right eye which is slightly worse currently. The patient's past medical hi... | D: Methylprednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old Caucasian female presents to the emergency department with complaints of a new-onset, right-sided throbbing headache which becomes markedly worse when eating. The daughter also reports that her mother has recently had difficulties with performing daily activities, such as climbing stairs or standing up.... | D: Prednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to the office with the complaint of a tingling sensation over her face and distal parts of her lower limbs. Three weeks ago, she had an episode of bloody diarrhea and was successfully treated with erythromycin. She is a full-time radiology technician. Currently, she takes oral contracepti... | A: Antibody-mediated destruction of peripheral myelin by cytotoxic cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother 2 hours after cutting her hand while playing in the yard. Examination of the right hand shows a 2-cm laceration on the thenar region of the palm with some surrounding tenderness and erythema. The right palm appears mildly swollen in comparison to the left. ... | C: Interleukin-1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old male is brought to the emergency department because of increasing lethargy. He was born at home without prenatal care or neonatal screening and appeared to be normal at birth. Despite this, his parents noticed that he would vomit after breastfeeding. He then progressively became more lethargic and began ... | B: Galactose-1-phosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for the evaluation of abdominal pain and trouble sleeping for the past 6 months. His mother says he complains of crampy abdominal pain every morning on school days. He started attending a new school 7 months ago and she is concerned because he has missed scho... | A: Separation anxiety disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year old male presents to the Emergency Department with bilious vomiting that started within the past 24 hours. His medical history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a myocardial infarction six months ago. His past surgical history is significant for a laparotomy 20 years ago for a perforated ... | E: 20 years ago |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vaginal itchiness and urinary frequency for the past 1 year. She stopped having vaginal intercourse with her husband because it became painful and occasionally resulted in vaginal spotting. Her last menstrual cycle was 14 months ago. She has vitiligo. Her only med... | A: Thinning of the mucosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to the obstetrics ward to deliver her baby. The obstetrician establishes a pudendal nerve block via intravaginal injection of lidocaine near the tip of the ischial spine. From which of the following nerve roots does the pudendal nerve originate?? {'A': 'L3-L4', 'B': 'L4-L5', 'C': 'L5-S1',... | E: S2-S4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for her yearly physical exam. She has no past medical history and says that she does not currently have any health concerns. On physical exam, she is found to have hyperactive patellar reflexes but says that she has had this finding since she was a child. She... | B: They are in parallel with extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a routine follow-up examination. He was delivered at 32 weeks' gestation to a 35-year-old woman. Cardiac examination is shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this patient's findings?? {'A': 'Patent ductus arteriosus', 'B': 'Ventricular septal defe... | A: Patent ductus arteriosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman is brought to an urgent care clinic by her husband with an altered mental status. The patient’s husband says that her symptoms onset acutely 24 hours ago. He says she suddenly started to feel excessively drowsy and quickly became altered. Past medical history is significant for renal transplant 18... | E: Decreased phagocytic cell count |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after he was the unrestrained driver in a motor vehicle accident. His wife notes that the patient’s only past medical history is recent development of severe episodes of headache accompanied by sweating and palpitations. She says that these ... | C: Phenoxybenzamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a severe headache and blurry vision for the past 3 hours. He has hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide. He has missed taking his medication for the past week as he was traveling. He is only oriented to time and person. His temperature is 37.1°C (9... | A: Intravenous nitroprusside |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after falling during a hiking trip. He was hiking with friends when he fell off a 3 story ledge and was not able to be rescued until 6 hours after the accident. On arrival, he is found to have multiple lacerations as well as a pelvic fracture. His ... | B: Blood loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and productive cough for 2 days. He had similar symptoms 6 months ago, when he was diagnosed with pneumonia. Three weeks ago, he was diagnosed with otitis media for the sixth time since his birth and was treated with amoxicillin. His t... | C: Intravenous immunoglobulins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with dysuria. She denies any hematuria or dyspareunia. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago, and she denies any recent sexual activity. Her temperature is 99.7°F (37.6°F), blood pressure is 127/67 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, and respirations are 17/min. An unus... | D: Urinalysis, urine culture, KOH prep, and urine pregnancy test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of violent jerky movements of his arms and legs that began 30 minutes ago. His father reports that the patient has a history of epilepsy. He is not responsive. Physical examination shows alternating tonic jerks and clonic episodes. There is blood in the... | B: Fosphenytoin |
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