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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of episodic retrosternal chest pain. She currently feels well. The pain is unrelated to exercise and does not radiate. The episodes typically last less than 15 minutes and lead to feelings of anxiety; resting relieves the pain. She has not had dy... | D: No further testing needed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of swelling of her legs for 2 months. She has noticed that her legs gradually swell up throughout the day. Two years ago, she underwent a coronary angioplasty. She has hypertension and coronary artery disease. She works as a waitress at a local diner. Her father died... | C: Compression stockings |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation comes to the physician for a follow-up visit. She feels well and wants to discuss pausing her only current medication, flecainide. Her pulse is 75/min and regular, blood pressure is 125/75 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. An ECG s... | D: Prolonged QRS complex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician for a low-grade fever. His mother states that he has had a waxing and waning fever for the past 6 days with temperatures ranging from 99.8°F (37.7°C) to 101.0°F (38.3°C). She reports that he had a similar episode three months ago. She also reports symmetric joint swell... | A: Iridocyclitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening chest pain on exertion. She was diagnosed with coronary artery disease and hyperlipidemia 3 months ago. At the time of diagnosis, she was able to walk for 15 minutes on the treadmill until the onset of chest pain. Her endurance had improved temporarily a... | B: Avoid isosorbide dinitrate at night |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with colicky pain radiating to his left groin. The pain has been intermittent for several days. He has also been experiencing occasional burning pain in his hands and feet and frequent headaches. His past medical history is significant for an NSTEMI last year. H... | A: Allopurinol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of nausea and chronic abdominal pain that is worse after eating. She has Hashimoto thyroiditis. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. A biopsy specimen of the corpus of the stomach shows destruction of the upper glandular layer of the gastric mucos... | A: Gastric adenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female presents to the emergency department with squeezing right upper quadrant pain worse after eating. She has a history of a microcytic, hypochromic anemia with target cells. Physical exam shows severe tenderness to palpation in the right upper quadrant and a positive Murphy's sign. By genetic analys... | A: Exon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman is referred to a neurologist for a hand tremor. Her symptoms began a few months prior to presentation and has progressively worsened. She noticed she was having difficulty drinking her coffee and writing in her notebook. The patient reports that her father also had a tremor but is unsure what type... | E: Primidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man complains of a persistent high fever with chills, malaise, and diffuse abdominal pain for over a week. He recently returned from a trip to India. The fever began slowly and climbed its way up to 40.0°C (104.0°F) over the last 4 days. A physical exam reveals a white-coated tongue, enlarged spleen, an... | B: It survives intracellularly within phagocytes of Peyer's patches. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of fever, poor feeding, and cough that began after she returned with her family from a trip to Mexico 1 week ago. Her temperature is 39°C (102.2°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 78/56 mm Hg. An x-ray of the che... | E: Decreased IFN-γ levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old college student was playing basketball when he fell directly onto his left elbow. He had sudden, intense pain and was unable to move his elbow. He was taken immediately to the emergency room by his teammates. He has no prior history of trauma or any chronic medical conditions. His blood pressure is 128/... | E: Ulnar neuropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-week-old infant is brought to an urgent care clinic by her mother because she has not been eating well for the past 2 days. The mother said her daughter has also been "floppy" since yesterday morning and has been unable to move or open her eyes since the afternoon of the same day. The child has recently started ... | D: Contaminated food |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents with headaches. She says the headaches started about a month ago, and although initially, they were intermittent, over the past 2 weeks, they have progressively worsened. She describes the pain as severe, worse on the left than the right, and relieved somewhat by non-steroidal anti-inflam... | B: Right-sided weakness |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to her physician for difficulty breathing. She states that this typically happens to her when she goes outside and improves with rest and staying indoors. Her symptoms are currently worse than usual. The patient has never seen a physician before and has no diagnosed past medical history. ... | C: Epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to his psychiatrist for a follow-up appointment. He is currently being treated for schizophrenia. He states that he is doing well but has experienced some odd movement of his face recently. The patient's sister is with him and states that he has been more reclusive lately and holding what s... | C: Infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-week history of fatigue and cramping abdominal pain. He works at a gun range. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and gingival hyperpigmentation. There is weakness when extending the left wrist against resistance. Further evaluation of this patient is most likel... | E: Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the clinic for establishment of care. He recently retired and moved to Florida with his wife. His past medical history includes hypertension, diabetes, chronic back pain, and hyperlipidemia. According to the patient, he takes lisinopril, metformin, atorvastatin, acetaminophen, and methadone... | A: Assess the patient's pain medication history |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents to the physician because of bloody urine, which has occurred several times over the past month. He has no dysuria or flank pain. He has no history of serious illness, and he currently takes no medications. He is a 40-pack-year smoker. The vital signs are within normal limits. Physical exam ... | C: Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency room for severe left leg pain several hours after injuring himself on a gardening tool. His temperature is 39°C (102.2°F) and his pulse is 105/min. Physical examination of the left leg shows a small laceration on the ankle surrounded by dusky skin and overlying bullae extendin... | B: Degradation of cell membranes by phospholipase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old male presents to clinic today complaining that his medication has stopped working. He states despite being able to manage the side effects, a voice has returned again telling him to hurt his Mother. You prescribe him a drug which has shown improved efficacy in treating his disorder but requires frequent... | D: Clozapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. He states that this issue has occurred throughout his life but seems to “flare up” on occasion. He states that his GI pain is relieved with defecation, and his stools are frequent, large, and particularly... | E: Bowel wall biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy has a malodorous umbilical discharge that developed shortly after umbilical cord separation. He was treated for omphalitis with 3 doses of antibiotics. The vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 70/40 mm Hg, heart rate 125/min, respiratory rate 34/min, and temperature 36.8℃ (98.2℉). On physical ... | D: Omphalomesenteric duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis and recurrent urinary tract infections comes to the emergency department because of flank pain and fever. Her temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F). Examination shows left-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. She is admitted to the hospital and started on intraveno... | D: Alteration of peptidoglycan synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old gravida 1-para-1 (G1P1) presents to the emergency department with severe lower abdominal pain that started several hours ago. She has had fevers, malaise, and nausea for the last 2 days. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. Her past medical history is insignificant. She has had 3 sexual partners i... | C: Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a severe diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The patient states that the pain acute onset approximately 3 hours ago and has not improved. He denies any fever or chills. His last bowel movement was yesterday morning which was normal. The patient has... | D: Lack of enhancement of the branches of the superior mesenteric artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman presents to the family medicine clinic with a lump in her breast for the past 6 months. She states that she has been doing breast self-examinations once a month. She has a medical history significant for generalized anxiety disorder and systemic lupus erythematosus. She takes sertraline and hydrox... | B: Mammography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 31 weeks gestation is admitted to the hospital because of regular contractions and pelvic pressure for 3 hours. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated so far. She has attended many prenatal appointments and followed the physician's advice about screening for diseases, laborato... | B: Magnesium sulfate + Betamethasone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a sore throat and painful lesions in his mouth for the past few days. Six weeks ago, he underwent cardiac catheterization and stent implantation of the left anterior descending artery for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy with dual antiplatel... | B: Ticlopidine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G3P2 who is at 24 weeks gestation presents for a regular check-up. She has no complaints, no concurrent diseases, and her previous pregnancies were vaginal deliveries with birth weights of 3100 g and 4180 g. The patient weighs 78 kg (172 lb) and is 164 cm (5 ft 5 in) in height. She has gained 10 kg (22 ... | A: Insulin antagonism of human placental lactogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. For the past year, he has had increasing calf cramping in both legs when walking, especially on an incline. He has hypertension. Since the last visit 6 months ago, he has been exercising on a treadmill four times a week; he has been walking until t... | A: Clopidogrel and simvastatin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician because his parents are concerned about his early sexual development. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. His brother was diagnosed with testicular cancer 5 years ago and underwent a radical orchiectomy. The patient is at the 85th percentile for ... | C: Leuprolide therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old male presents to his primary care provider after seeing bright red blood in the toilet bowl after his last two bowel movements. He reports that the second time he also noticed some blood mixed with his stool. The patient denies abdominal pain and any changes in his stool habits. He notes a weight loss o... | C: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are interested in studying the etiology of heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and attempt to construct an appropriate design study. Specifically, you wish to look for potential causality between dietary glucose consumption and HFrEF. Which of the following study designs would allow you to assess for ... | B: Cohort study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man comes to the physician because of yellowish discoloration of his eyes and skin, abdominal discomfort, and generalized fatigue for the past 2 weeks. He has had dark urine and pale stools during this period. He has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss since his last visit 6 months ago. He has hypertension.... | C: Pancreaticoduodenectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to the outpatient clinic for an annual employee health checkup. He does not have any complaints at the moment except for skin changes, as seen in the following image. He denies any history of trauma. His medical history is insignificant. His family history is negative for any skin disorders... | B: Autoreactive T cells against melanocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to a psychotherapist for counseling because he was physically abused by his father. During the first therapy session, the patient recounts the numerous encounters that he had with his abuser. At the end of the session, the therapist, who lost her own son in a car accident when he was 15 y... | D: Countertransference |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of repeated episodes of “daydreaming.” The mother reports that during these episodes the boy interrupts his current activity and just “stares into space.” She says that he sometimes also smacks his lips. The episodes typically last 1–2 minutes. Over... | C: Temporal lobe spikes on EEG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his mother. She is concerned because her son’s face has been swollen over the past 2 days. Upon further questioning, the boy reports having darker urine without dysuria. The boy was seen by his pediatrician 10 days prior to presentation with a crusty yellow sore on... | A: Antigen-antibody complex deposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old pregnant woman with unknown medical history is admitted to the hospital at her 36th week of gestation with painful contractions. She received no proper prenatal care during the current pregnancy. On presentation, her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 110/60 mm Hg, heart rate is 102/min, resp... | D: Fundal cesarean delivery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to her family physician with pain on the front of her right knee. The pain started 2 months ago after she began training for a marathon, and it was gradual in onset and has slowly worsened. The pain increases with prolonged sitting and climbing stairs. She denies significant knee trauma. ... | D: Patellofemoral pain syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old Caucasian male presents to your office complaining of black, tarry stool. Which of the following possible causes of this patient's presentation is LEAST associated with the development of carcinoma?? {'A': "Barrett's esophagus", 'B': 'H. pylori infection', 'C': 'Adenomatous polyp', 'D': 'Gastric ulcer',... | E: Duodenal ulcer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man with a BMI of 33.7 kg/m2 presents with severe pain in his right toe that began this morning. He had a few beers last night at a friend’s party but otherwise has had no recent dietary changes. On examination, the right toe appears swollen, warm, red, and tender to touch. Joint aspiration is performed... | B: Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals on polarized light |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of increasing shortness of breath over the past 2 months. He reports experiencing an extended illness of several weeks as a child that required him to miss school. He is unsure but believes it involved a sore throat followed by a fever and joint pa... | B: Epitope homology |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with an episode of nausea and severe unrelenting right upper abdominal pain. She had a cholecystectomy for gallstones a year earlier and has since experienced frequent recurrences of abdominal pain, most often after a meal. Her past medical history is otherwise... | A: A hormone released by the I cells of the duodenum in the presence of fatty acids is the most effective cause of relaxation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of black, tarry stools. He has also had upper abdominal pain that occurs immediately after eating and a 4.4-kg (9.7-lb) weight loss in the past 6 months. He has no history of major medical illness but drinks 3 beers daily. His only medicat... | E: Helicobacter pylori infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old Nigerian woman arrived 2 days ago to the US to visit her adult children from Nigeria. She is now brought to an urgent care center by her daughter for leg pain. Her right leg has been painful for 24 hours and is now causing her to limp. She denies any fevers, chills, or sweats and does not remember injur... | E: Initiation of heparin followed by bridge to warfarin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old G1P0 woman presents to an obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. She has been pregnant for about 10 weeks and is concerned about how pregnancy will affect her health. Specifically, she is afraid that her complicated medical history will be adversely affected by her pregnancy. Her past medical histor... | B: Heart murmur |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man presents to a physician with repeated episodes of joint pain and fever for the last 3 months. The pain is present in the knee joints and small joints of the hands bilaterally. He recorded his temperature at home which never increased above 37.8°C (100.0°F). The medical history is significant for an ... | D: Presence of anti-histone antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife 30 minutes after the onset of nausea, sweating, and palpitations. On the way to the hospital, he had an episode of non-bloody vomiting and intravenous fluid resuscitation has been started. He has no history of similar symptoms. For the past 2 weeks,... | A: Administer intravenous dextrose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because of concern that she is the shortest in her class. She has always been short for her age, but she is upset now that her classmates have begun teasing her for her height. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She is 109 cm (3... | C: Aortic insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the ED complaining of severe eye pain that started a few hours ago. The patient reports that he fell asleep while watching TV on the couch and woke up with right-sided eye pain and blurry vision. His wife drove him to the emergency room. His wife reports that since they arrived the patie... | A: Intravenous acetazolamide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents to the office with his mother. She states that her son seems weak and unwilling to walk. He only learned how to walk recently after a very notable delay. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all verbal and so... | A: Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room after an apparent suicide attempt. She is unable to provide a history, but her husband reports that he found her at home severely confused and agitated. She reportedly mentioned swallowing several of her pills but was unable to provide additional details. Her husba... | B: Cyproheptadine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man was involved in a motor vehicle accident and died. At autopsy, the patient demonstrated abnormally increased mobility at the neck. A section of cervical spinal cord at C6 was removed and processed into slides. Which of the following gross anatomic features is most likely true of this spinal cord lev... | E: Cuneate and gracilis fasciculi are present |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A rapid diagnostic test has been developed amid a major avian influenza outbreak in Asia. The outbreak has reached epidemic levels with a very high attack rate. Epidemiologists are hoping to use the rapid diagnostic test to identify all exposed individuals and curb the rapid spread of disease by isolating patients wi... | E: Sensitivity of 95/100 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of cough and dyspnea. The cough is productive of small amounts of green phlegm. She has stage IV colon cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Her medications include 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, a fluticasone-salmeterol inhaler... | C: Cefepime and levofloxacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of multiple episodes of blood in his urine as well as coughing of blood for the past 3 days. He also reports a decrease in urinary frequency, and denies pain with urination. No previous similar symptoms or significant past medical history is noted. There is no ... | C: Linear immunofluorescence deposits of IgG and C3 along GBM |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon for knee pain. She thinks that the pain started after she fell while playing basketball during gym class 4 months ago. At the time she was evaluated and diagnosed with a muscle strain and told to rest and ice the joint. Since then the pain has gotten progressiv... | D: Osteochondritis dissecans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:E. coli has the ability to regulate its enzymes to break down various sources of energy when available. It prevents waste by the use of the lac operon, which encodes a polycistronic transcript. At a low concentration of glucose and absence of lactose, which of the following occurs?? {'A': 'Increased allolactose level... | B: Increased cAMP levels result in binding to the catabolite activator protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old female presents with her parents to the pediatrician for a well visit. Her mother reports that the patient has been exclusively breastfed since birth. The patient feeds for 30 minutes 6-7 times per day, urinates 8-10 times per day, and passes 4-5 loose, “seedy” yellow stools per day. The patient sleeps ... | E: Normal infant crying |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn girl develops poor feeding and respiratory distress 4 days after delivery. She was born at a gestational age of 29 weeks. The child was born via cesarean section due to reduced movement and a non-reassuring fetal heart tracing. APGAR scores were 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Her vitals are as fo... | A: Indomethacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old, previously healthy woman is admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. She reports consuming undercooked beef a day before the onset of her symptoms. Her medical history is unremarkable. Vital signs include: blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg, pulse rate 70/min, respiratory rate 16/min,... | C: Verotoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 35 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of an episode of vaginal bleeding that morning. The bleeding has subsided. She has had no prenatal care. Her previous child was delivered with a caesarean section because of a breech presentation. Her temperature ... | E: Schedule elective cesarean delivery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with his family because of abdominal pain, excessive urination, and drowsiness since the day before. He has had type 1 diabetes mellitus for 2 years. He ran out of insulin 2 days ago. The vital signs at admission include: temperature 36.8°C (98.2°F), blood pressu... | D: ↓ pH, ↓ bicarbonate and ↑ anion gap |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of right flank pain that started 3 days following a procedure. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows right costovertebral angle tenderness. An intravenous pyelogram shows a dilated renal pelvis and ureter on the right with a lack of con... | B: Hysterectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old is referred to a pediatric immunologist by his pediatrician for further workup of recurrent sinopulmonary infections which have not abated despite adequate treatment. During the workup flow cytometry demonstrates a decrease in normal CD40L cells. Based on these findings, the immunologist decides to purs... | E: Increased IgM; Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old woman comes to her family physician for an annual health maintenance examination. Her husband, who worked as an art collector and curator, recently passed away. To express her gratitude for the longstanding medical care of her husband, she offers the physician and his staff a framed painting from her hu... | B: Politely decline and explain that he cannot accept valuable gifts from his patients. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old female presents to her primary care physician after noting a lump in her left breast. She reports finding it two months prior to presentation and feels that it has not grown significantly in that time. She denies nipple discharge or tenderness. On exam, she is noted to have a 3-4 cm, rubbery mass in the... | A: Decreased risk of endometrial cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to his physician with the complaint of a painful toe joint on his right foot. He states that the onset of pain came on suddenly, waking him up in the middle of the night. On physical exam, the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the big toe is swollen and erythematous. The physician obtains ... | C: Hydrochlorothiazide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75 year-old gentleman presents to his general practitioner. He is currently being treated for hypertension and is on a multi-drug regimen. His current blood pressure is 180/100. The physician would like to begin treatment with minoxidil or hydralazine. Which of the following side effects is associated with administ... | D: Reflex tachycardia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe, fluctuating right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The pain was initially a 4/10 but has increased recently to a 6/10 prompting her to come in. The patient has a past medical history of type II diabetes mellitus, depression, anxiety, and irritable bo... | C: ERCP with manometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old child presents to the pediatrician with mental retardation, ataxia, and inappropriate laughter. The parents of the child decide to have the family undergo genetic testing to determine what the cause may be. The results came back and all three had no mutations that would have caused this constellation of ... | D: Uniparental disomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man is brought to his neurologist by his wife for bizarre behavior. On several occasions over the last several days, he had started to complain about ‘bunnies, tigers, and emus’ in the living room. The patient has a history of multiple sclerosis and was last seen by his primary neurologist 2 weeks ago f... | A: Medication side effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the physician with limb weakness over the last 24 hours. He is an otherwise healthy man with no significant past medical history. On physical examination, his vital signs are stable. On neurological examination, there is decreased strength in the muscles of all 4 extremities, and the dee... | B: Acute hypercalcemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy comes to the physician for the evaluation of intermittent blood-tinged urine for several months. Four months ago, he had an episode of fever and sore throat that resolved without treatment after 5 days. During the past 2 years, he has also had recurrent episodes of swelling of his face and feet. 5 y... | D: Defective type IV collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of high-grade fever and lethargy for 4 days. He has had a severe headache for 3 days and 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting. He has sickle cell disease. His only medication is hydroxyurea. His mother has refused vaccinations and antibiotics in the past b... | A: Hearing loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department with a history of fatigue, fever of 40.0°C (104.0°F), sore throat, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. On physical examination, his spleen and liver are not palpable. A complete blood count is remarkable for atypical reactive T cells. An examination of his tons... | C: The infectious organism can become latent in B cells. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man was brought to the emergency room due to acute onset of slurred speech while at work, after which he lost consciousness. The patient’s wife says this occurred approximately 30 minutes ago. Past medical history is significant for poorly controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. His blood ... | A: Hippocampus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 40 minutes after falling off a 10-foot ladder. He has severe pain and swelling of his right ankle and is unable to walk. He did not lose consciousness after the fall. He has no nausea. He appears uncomfortable. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 98/min,... | D: X-ray of the spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A G1P0 mother gives birth to a male infant at 37 weeks gestation. She received adequate prenatal care and took all her prenatal vitamins. She is otherwise healthy and takes no medications. On the 1 month checkup, examination revealed a machine-like murmur heard at the left sternal border. Which of the following medic... | C: Indomethacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her father because of strange behavior for the past 6 months. The father reports that his daughter has increasingly isolated herself in college and received poor grades. She has told her father that aliens are trying to infiltrate her mind and that she has to continu... | C: Loose associations |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to urgent care for weakness and weight loss. He states for the past several months he has felt progressively weaker and has lost 25 pounds. The patient also endorses intermittent abdominal pain. The patient has not seen a physician in 30 years and recalls being current on most of his vaccin... | A: CT scan of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of a 1-day history of fever, shortness of breath, dizziness, and cough productive of purulent sputum. Six days ago, she developed malaise, headache, sore throat, and myalgias that improved initially. Her temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F) ... | B: Binding of Fc domain of immunoglobulin G |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A man is brought into the emergency department by police. The patient was found somnolent in the park and did not respond to questioning. The patient's past medical history is unknown, and he is poorly kempt. The patient's personal belongings include prescription medications and illicit substances such as alprazolam,... | D: Naloxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator inoculates three different broths with one colony-forming unit of Escherichia coli. Broth A contains 100 μmol of lactose, broth B contains 100 μmol of glucose, and broth C contains both 100 μmol of lactose and 100 μmol of glucose. After 24 hours, the amounts of lactose, galactose, and glucose in the t... | D: Increased activity of adenylate cyclase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents with a complaint of pain in the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints bilaterally. Serology showed positive anti-CCP antibodies. She has been prescribed infliximab for control of her condition. Which of the following needs to be tested before starting treatment in... | B: PPD skin test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old African American G1P0 mother gives birth to a male infant at 33 weeks' gestation. The mother had no prenatal care and took no prenatal vitamins. The child’s postnatal period was complicated by neonatal sepsis due to group B Streptococcus. He required a two week stay in the neonatal intensive care unit t... | A: DOPA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pathologist performed an autopsy on an 18-month-old infant boy who died of pneumonia. Clinical notes revealed the infant had repeated respiratory infections that started after he was weaned off of breast-milk. Laboratory investigation revealed hypogammaglobulinemia and an absence of B-cells. T-cell levels were norm... | C: X-linked recessive |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of intermittent bloody vomiting for the past 2 hours. He has had similar episodes during the last 6 months that usually stop spontaneously within an hour. The patient is not aware of any medical problems. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes ... | C: Intravenous ceftriaxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman presents with lethargy and neck pain. She says that, for the past 6 months, she has been feeling tired all the time and has noticed a lot of muscle tension around the base of her neck. She also says she finds herself constantly worrying about everything, such as if her registered mail would reach ... | A: Buspirone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 26 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding and epistaxis for the past 2 days. She missed her last prenatal visit 2 weeks ago. Physical examination shows blood in the posterior pharynx and a uterus consistent in size with 23 weeks' gesta... | E: Decreased fibrinogen concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because of fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. She has noticed that she has a number of bruises, but she attributes this to a hike she went on 1 week ago. She has diabetes and hypertension well controlled on medication and previously had an abdominal sur... | E: Recruiting histone acetylase proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of amenorrhea for 4 months. Menses previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals and last for 3 to 4 days. There is no family history of serious illness. She receives good grades in school and is on the high school track team. She is sexually active with one ma... | E: Nutritional deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man with chronic alcoholism presents to an ambulatory medical clinic, where the hepatologist elects to perform comprehensive hepatitis B screening, in addition to several other screening and preventative measures. Given the following choices, which serologic marker, if positive, would indicate the patie... | B: HBsAb |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents with memory problems for the past few weeks. Patient vividly describes how she forgot where she put her car keys this morning and did not remember to wish her grandson a happy birthday last week. Patient denies any cognitive problems, bowel/bladder incontinence, tremors, gait problems, or... | B: "No, taking ginkgo will increase your risk for bleeding." |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of excessive daytime sleepiness for 5 months. He wakes up frequently at night, and his wife says his snoring has become louder. He is 180 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 104 kg (230 lb); his BMI is 33 kg/m2. His pulse is 80/min and his respiratory rate is 11/min. His j... | D: Intermittent collapse of the oropharynx |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman with a history of a "heart murmur since childhood" presents following a series of syncopal episodes over the past several months. She also complains of worsening fatigue over this time period, and notes that her lips have begun to take on a bluish tinge, for which she has been using a brighter sha... | C: Positive bubble study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with gradually worsening pain in the abdomen and right flank. The abdominal pain started one week ago and is accompanied by foul-smelling, lightly-colored diarrhea. The flank pain started two days ago and is now an 8 out of 10 in intensity. It worsens on rapid mov... | C: Hypercalcemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to a physician with a cough which she has had for the last 5 years. She mentions that her cough is worse in the morning and is associated with significant expectoration. There is no history of weight loss or constitutional symptoms like fever and malaise. Her past medical records show tha... | B: Chronic bronchitis |
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