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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing shortness of breath for 1 month. Initially, he was able to climb the 3 flights of stairs to his apartment, but he now needs several breaks to catch his breath. He has no chest pain. He has rheumatic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He emigrated... | C: Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for complaints of fatigue. The patient reports feeling tired during the day over the past 6 months. Past medical history is significant for moderately controlled type II diabetes. Family history is unremarkable. Thyroid stimulating hormone and testosterone lev... | E: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents with involuntary passage of urine and occasional watery vaginal discharge. She associates the onset of these symptoms with her discharge from the hospital for an abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial carcinoma and a left ovary cyst 2 months ago. The in... | C: Voiding cystourethrography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man noted a rapid onset of severe dizziness and difficulty swallowing while watching TV at home. His wife reports that he had difficulty forming sentences and his gait was unsteady at this time. Symptoms were severe within 1 minute and began to improve spontaneously after 10 minutes. He has had type 2 d... | B: Vertebral artery occlusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with increasing fever and abdominal pain over the past week. The pain is constant and limited to the lower right part of his abdomen. He has nausea but no vomiting or diarrhea. His past medical history is unremarkable for any serious illnesses. He takes acetami... | A: Antibiotics + CT-guided drainage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-day-old child presents to a physician for the first time for a well-child visit. The mother is a 22-year-old college student who opted for a home birth. Upon examination, the child weighs 4.0 kg (8.8 lbs) and has intact reflexes. The umbilical cord is still attached and looks erythematous and indurated. A comple... | E: CD18 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents for her routine annual examination. She has no complaints. She has a 3-year-old child who was born via normal vaginal delivery with no complications. She had a Pap smear during her last pregnancy and the findings were normal. Her remaining past medical history is not significant, and her ... | A: “We should do a Pap smear now. Blood tests are not recommended for screening purposes.” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman presents to the physician for a 3-month history of progressively worsening shortness of breath on exertion and swelling of her legs. She has a history of breast cancer that was treated with surgery, followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide therapy 4 years ago. Cardiac examination shows an S3 g... | E: E |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old girl with a history of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), managed with systemic corticosteroids, presents with bruising, acne, and weight gain. Patient says that 3 months ago she gradually began to notice significant weight gain and facial and truncal acne. She says these symptoms progressively wors... | D: Splenectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old boxer seeks evaluation by his physician after he noticed swelling at the angle of his jaw a few days ago. He recalls a recent boxing match when he was punched in his face. He says that his jaw is very painful. On examination, a firm mass is palpated, measuring 4 x 4 cm. An ultrasound was performed, whic... | C: Parotid gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of involuntary loss of urine. She loses small amounts of urine in the absence of an urge to urinate and for no apparent reason. She also reports that she has an intermittent urinary stream. Two years ago, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.... | C: Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old female comes to see her doctor for a rapidly enlarging abdomen and swelling of both legs. She was hospitalized 2 weeks ago for an upper gastrointestinal bleeding episode. On that occasion, her esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed grade 1 esophageal varices and a 1 cm clean-based antral ulcer. The patient w... | D: The zone closest to the centrolobular vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-week history of fever and productive cough with blood-tinged sputum. She has also had a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss during the same time period. Examination shows enlarged cervical lymph nodes. An x-ray of the chest shows a 2.5-cm pulmonary nodule in the right u... | B: Delayed T cell-mediated reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of fever, throat pain, and difficulty swallowing. Head and neck examination shows an erythematous pharynx with purulent exudates overlying the palatine tonsils. Microscopic examination of a throat culture shows pink, spherical bacteria ar... | A: Inform the colleague that she cannot divulge any information about the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old African American woman comes to the physician because of fatigue and difficulty swallowing for 6 weeks. She also complains of painful discoloration in her fingers when exposed to cold weather. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 4 years. She appears younger than her stated age. Physical exam... | C: Pulmonary hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency room with a painful, swollen left leg. He states that his symptoms began that morning after a long flight from Australia. He denies shortness of breath, chest pain, or cough. On review of systems, he notes that he has been constipated recently and had several episodes of br... | D: Resistance of factor V to inactivation by protein C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with breast cancer presents to her primary care physician for referral to a medical oncologist. She denies any personal history of blood clots in her past. Her past medical history is significant for preeclampsia, hypertension, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. She currently s... | B: Aprepitant + dexamethasone + 5-HT3 receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A parent presents to her pediatrician requesting information about immunizations for her newborn. The pediatrician explains about basic principles of immunization, types of vaccines, possible adverse effects, and the immunization schedule. Regarding how immunizations work, the pediatrician explains that there are mai... | A: Yellow fever vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man, accompanied by his brother, presents to the emergency department with palpitations for the past 30 minutes and nausea for the past hour. When the patient meets the physician, he says, “Doctor, I am the happiest person in the world because I have the best brain possible. It’s just that my heart is s... | A: Dilated pupils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of worsening bouts of shortness of breath at night. He has had a cough for 1 month. Occasionally, he has coughed up frothy sputum during this time. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and long-standing hypertension. Two years ago, he was diag... | E: Impaired myocardial relaxation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for hematemesis and progressive heartburn over the past 5 days. Ten days ago, he was started on a medication to treat a condition that causes hearing difficulties and pain of the lower legs. He has no other history of serious illness. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily f... | C: Risedronate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old male died in a motor vehicle accident. Autopsy reveals extensive atherosclerosis of his left anterior descending artery marked by intimal smooth muscle and collagen proliferation. Which of the following is implicated in recruiting smooth muscle cells from the media to intima in atherosclerotic lesions??... | E: Platelet-derived growth factor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. He states that for the entire day, he has had pain in his lower right abdomen in addition to a loss of appetite accompanied by nausea and vomiting. His temperature is 101.3°F (38.5°C), blood pressure is 125/98 mmHg, pulse is 78/min, and resp... | D: Laparoscopic surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2400-g (5.29-lb) male newborn is delivered at term to a 26-year-old woman. Physical examination shows a sloping forehead, a flat nasal bridge, increased interocular distance, low-set ears, and a protruding tongue. There is a single palmar crease and an increased gap between the first and second toe. The abdomen is ... | D: Unbalanced translocation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for a regular checkup by his mother. The patient’s mother is concerned about a slight deviation of his left eye and she also notes that her child’s left eye looks strange on the photos, especially if there is a flash. The patient is the first child in the family born to... | C: Eye enucleation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of yellowing of his eyes. He has also noticed a decrease in his exercise capacity and gets quickly exhausted after minor physical activity. Examination shows scleral icterus and pale mucous membranes. He has splenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration... | B: Decreased haptoglobin levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of painful rash after spending several hours in the sun. Skin examination shows well-demarcated areas of erythema with some scaling on the face, chest, upper back, and arms. The affected areas are hot and sensitive to touch. The ... | D: Apoptosis of keratinocytes in the epidermis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Sixteen hours after delivery, a newborn develops respiratory distress. She was born at 38 weeks' gestation with a birth weight of 3200 g (7 lb 1 oz). Pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. Physical examination shows tachypnea and bluish discoloration of the extremities. Auscultation of the chest shows diffuse c... | C: Defect in mesodermal differentiation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old male presents to his dermatologist for routine follow-up of his psoriasis. He was last seen in the office six months prior, at which time he started undergoing ultraviolet light therapy. He reports that he initially noticed an improvement in his symptoms but the effects were transient. He has also start... | A: Reactivation of latent tuberculosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of a lesion on his eyelid for 6 months. The lesion is not painful or pruritic. He initially dismissed it as a 'skin tag' but the lesion has increased in size over the past 3 months. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and left hemiplegia from a st... | D: Mohs micrographic surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. He has noticed increased straining with bowel movements and decreased caliber of his stools over the past 3 months. He has no history of medical illness and takes no medications. He appears pale. Physi... | D: Filling defect of the rectosigmoid colon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after the sudden onset of severe, migrating anterior chest pain, shortness of breath, and sweating at rest. He has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medications include atorvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril, an... | C: Aortic dissection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman undergoes an laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis. During the procedure, a black, discolored liver is noted. Other than the recent appendicitis, the patient has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She has no medication allergies. She does not drink alcohol or use il... | B: Dubin-Johnson syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with atrial fibrillation is brought to the emergency department by his wife 6 hours after the acute onset of right arm weakness and slurred speech. An MRI of the brain shows a thrombus in the left middle cerebral artery. Twelve hours later, the patient develops ventricular tachycardia. Despite appro... | D: Eosinophilic neuronal cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman is diagnosed with locally-advanced invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast. She undergoes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and is now being started on adjunctive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. The patient is scheduled for follow up by her primary care provider. Whic... | D: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a new patient appointment. The patient states that he feels well and has no concerns at this time. The patient has a past medical history of hypertension, an elevated fasting blood glucose, and is not currently taking any medications. His blood pressure is ... | A: Dexamethasone suppression test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. His symptoms have been recurrent for the past few months, and, currently, he says he is having on average four bowel movements daily, often bloody. He describes the pain as cramping and localized to the left side of his abdomen. He also says that he ... | A: Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis and lipoxygenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of a 2-hour history of word-finding difficulty, speech slurring, and weakness and sensory loss of his right arm and leg. He has not had fever, nausea, headache, or diarrhea. His mother reports an episode of severe pain and soft tissue swell... | A: Exchange transfusion therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl presents with dyspnea, palpitations, joint pain, and fever for the past week. She says that her symptoms started 2 weeks ago with bilateral knee pain which has shifted to both ankles over the past week. She says she noticed bilateral leg swelling since yesterday. Past medical history is significant ... | A: Acute rheumatic fever |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and weakness. Her hemoglobin A1c concentration was 13.5% 12 weeks ago. Her blood pressure is 152/92 mm Hg. Examination shows lower extremity edema. Serum studies show: K+ 5.1 mEq/L Phosphorus 5.0 mg/dL Ca2... | C: Urinary albumin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his father because of recent changes in his behavior. His father states that he has noticed that the boy has begun to appear less coordinated than normal and has had frequent falls. On exam, the pediatrician observes pes cavus and hammer toes. The pediatrician makes... | D: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with skin desquamation over her hips and buttocks and right arm; she also has conjunctivitis and fever. The patient was previously seen by her pediatrician for symptoms of impetigo around the nasal folds, and she was treated with topical fusidic acid. She was bor... | C: Staphylococcus aureus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of chest and epigastric pain that started just after vomiting 30 minutes ago. She does not take any medications and does not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes. While in the emergency department, the patient experiences two episodes of forceful, bloody emes... | D: Mucosal lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 86-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for management of pneumonia. His hospital course has been relatively uneventful, and he is progressing well. On morning rounds nearing the end of the patient's hospital stay, the patient's cousin finally arrives to the hospital for the first time after not being present ... | C: Explain that you cannot discuss the patient's care at this time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents with an occasional tremor in his left hand. While the tremor disappears when he moves his hand, he finds it increasingly difficult to type and feels his handwriting has gotten much smaller. He finds the tremor is more pronounced when he is stressed out at work. He also complains of a decrea... | B: Bromocriptine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father, who is concerned because his son has been less interested in playing soccer with him recently. They used to play every weekend, but his son has started to tire easily and has complained of pain in his lower legs while running around on the soccer field. The... | A: Intracranial hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressive difficulty swallowing solids and liquids over the past 4 months. She has lost 4 kg (9 lb) during this period. There is no history of serious illness. She emigrated to the US from Panama 7 years ago. She does not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. Cardi... | D: Absence of myenteric plexus neurons |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man is admitted to the hospital because of a 2-day history of fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. His temperature is 39.4°C (102.9°F) and pulse is 106/min. Physical examination shows tenderness in the right upper quadrant. Blood cultures grow nonhemolytic, gram-positive cocci that grow in hypertonic sali... | B: Increase in the intracellular uptake of gentamicin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a painful, burning rash on his left arm for 3 days. Three years ago, he was diagnosed with heart failure due to congenital heart disease and received an allogeneic heart transplantation. He takes cyclosporine to prevent chronic transplant rejection. He has not r... | B: Multinucleated epidermal giant cells and intranuclear inclusions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with refractory gastrointestinal complaints undergoes a bowel biopsy. On histology, the pathologist observes that submucosal glands of Brunner are present in the specimen. Which portion of the bowel was most likely biopsied?? {'A': 'Duodenum', 'B': 'Jejunum', 'C': 'Ileum', 'D': 'Cecum', 'E': 'Desc... | A: Duodenum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of increasing shortness of breath and chest pain. He has had a productive cough with foul-smelling sputum for 1 week. He has gastritis as well as advanced Parkinson disease and currently lives in an assisted-living community. He smoke... | E: Parkinson disease " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of palpitations, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps for 2 months. Physical examination shows cutaneous flushing of the face. Auscultation of the chest shows bilateral wheezing. A 24-hour urine collection shows increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HI... | E: Tryptophan hydroxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician because she has not attained menarche. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. She is 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) tall and weighs 60 kg (132 lb); BMI is 22 kg/m2. Breast development is Tanner stage 4, and pubic hair development is Tanner stage 1. Pelvic examina... | D: 46,XY |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after being struck by a car while crossing the street. She has major depressive disorder with psychosis. Current medications include sertraline and haloperidol. Vital signs are within normal limits. X-ray of the lower extremity shows a mid-shaft femur fractur... | A: Dantrolene therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 10-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of severe malaise, pink eyes, cough, and a runny nose for 3 days. She recently immigrated from Sudan and immunization records are unavailable. Her temperature is 40.1°C (104.1°F). Examination shows bilateral conjunctival injections. There are m... | B: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man with known end-stage liver disease from alcoholic cirrhosis presents to the emergency department with decreased urinary output and swelling in his lower extremities. His disease has been complicated by ascites and hepatic encephalopathy in the past. Initial laboratory studies show a creatinine of 1.... | D: Liver transplantation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old machinist presents to his primary care physician with eye problems. The patient states that he has had a mass in his eye that has persisted for the past month. The patient has a past medical history of blepharitis treated with eye cleansing and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin treated with Mohs surge... | A: Chalazion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of developmental delay and recurrent tonic-clonic seizures. There is no family history of seizures or other serious illness. Current medications include risperidone for hyperactivity. He is at the 17th percentile for head circumference. Examination shows pr... | D: Uniparental disomy of chromosome 15 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Twelve days after undergoing a cadaveric renal transplant for adult polycystic kidney disease, a 23-year-old man has pain in the right lower abdomen and generalized fatigue. During the past 4 days, he has had decreasing urinary output. Creatinine concentration was 2.3 mg/dL on the second postoperative day. Current me... | C: Allorecognition with T cell activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is rushed to the emergency room after he was found unconscious in bed that afternoon. The patient’s wife says he has been confused and irritable for the past several days. She says he has a history of chronic daily alcohol abuse and has been hospitalized multiple times with similar symptoms His temp... | E: Decreases pH in the gastrointestinal lumen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old homeless man is brought to the emergency department complaining of severe fever, dizziness, and a persistent cough. The patient has a history of long-standing alcohol abuse and has frequently presented to the emergency department with acute alcohol intoxication. The patient states that his cough produce... | D: Ciprofloxacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after developing an altered mental state following blunt trauma to the head. The patient was competing at a local mixed martial arts competition when he was struck in the head and lost consciousness. A few minutes later, upon regaining consciousnes... | B: Middle Meningeal artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the efficacy of a new bisphosphonate analog in preventing hip fractures in patients above 60 years of age with risk factors for osteoporosis but no confirmed diagnosis. Participating patients were randomized to either pharmacologic therapy with the new bisphosphonate analog or a placebo. T... | C: 40% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to the emergency department with weakness. He states that he has felt progressively more weak over the past month. He endorses decreased libido, weight gain, and headaches. His temperature is 97.0°F (36.1°C), blood pressure is 177/108 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxyg... | A: Eplerenone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He has no history of serious illness. His older sister had an eye disease that required removal of one eye at the age of 3 years. Examination shows inward deviation of the right eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows a white reflex in the right ey... | C: Osteosarcoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old Caucasian female presents to her primary care physician after a screening DEXA scan reveals a T-score of -3.0. Laboratory work-up reveals normal serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, and PTH levels. She smokes 1-2 cigarettes per day. Which of the following measures would have reduced this patient's risk ... | D: Calcium and vitamin D supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after his wife found him on the floor sweating profusely. On arrival, he is lethargic and unable to provide a history. He vomited multiple times on the way to the hospital. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 55/min, respirations are 22/min,... | C: Competitive antagonism of mACh receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old woman visits her primary care provider complaining of a vague cramping pain on the right side of her abdomen for the past 6 hours. She is also and had an episode of vomiting earlier today and two episodes yesterday. Past medical history includes third-degree heart block, gastroesophageal reflux disease... | C: Gallstone ileus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man with a long-standing history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension managed with lisinopril and metformin presents with itchy skin. He also describes moderate nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and fatigue. The vital signs include: temperature 36.8°C (98.2°F), heart rate 98/min, respiratory rate 15/min... | D: Hypertriglyceridemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-week history of abdominal cramps, vomiting, and constipation. He also reports having to urinate frequently and occasional leg pain. He has had similar episodes in the past. He has hypertension and peptic ulcer disease. Current medications include... | E: Normal saline and intravenous calcitonin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An obese 37-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 2 hours after the onset of weakness in her left arm and leg. She fell from the stairs the day prior but did not have any loss of consciousness or nausea after the fall. She travels to Asia regularly on business; her last trip was 4 days ago. She has no... | D: Patent foramen ovale |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female was brought to the emergency room after losing large amounts of blood from slicing her wrists longitudinally. A few days later, she was interviewed by the psychiatrist and discussed with him why she had tried to kill herself. "My evil boyfriend of 2 months left me because I never let him leave my... | D: Borderline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of weight gain over the past 3 months. During this period, he has gained 10 kg (22 lb) unintentionally. He also reports decreased sexual desire, oily skin, and sleeping difficulties. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He has smoked one pack of c... | A: Pituitary microadenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by the police after attempting to assault a waiter with a broom. The patient states that the FBI has been following him his entire life and that this man was an agent spying on him. The patient has a past medical history of irritable bowel syndrome. His tempera... | E: Urine toxicology |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to a physician with a painless swelling behind her right ear, which she noticed 1 month ago. She has no other complaint nor does she have any specific medical condition. On physical examination, her vital signs are stable. An examination of the right post-auricular area shows enlarged lym... | E: t(14;18)(q32;q21) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman is brought in to the emergency department after her husband noticed that she appeared to be choking on her dinner. He performed a Heimlich maneuver but was concerned that she may have aspirated something. The patient reports a lack of pain and temperature on the right half of her face, as well as ... | D: Medulla |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2300-g (5-lb 1-oz) male newborn is delivered to a 29-year-old primigravid woman. The mother has HIV and received triple antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Her HIV viral load was 678 copies/mL 1 week prior to delivery. Labor was uncomplicated. Apgar scores are 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. Physical ... | E: Administer zidovudine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician 1 week after noticing a lump in her right breast. Fifteen years ago, she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma of her left distal femur. Her father died of an adrenocortical carcinoma at the age of 41 years. Examination shows a 2-cm, firm, immobile mass in the lower outer quadrant... | B: TP53 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old African American man presents to the physician with dyspnea on exertion for the past 2 months. He also has occasional episodes of coughing at night. He says that he has been healthy most of his life. He is a non-smoker and a non-alcoholic. He does not have hypercholesterolemia or ischemic heart disease.... | D: Isosorbide dinitrate-Hydralazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician for a pre-employment examination. She has no complaints. She has a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome. She exercises daily and plays soccer recreationally on the weekends. Her mother was diagnosed with hypertension at a young age. She does not smoke and drinks 2 glasses ... | C: Transthoracic echocardiogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of burning oral mucosal pain, chest pain, and shortness of breath that started one hour ago. He reports that the pain is worse when swallowing. Two years ago, he was diagnosed with major depressive disorder but does not adhere to his medication regimen. He l... | A: Potassium hydroxide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department with an open wound on his right hand. He states that he got into a bar fight about an hour ago. He appears heavily intoxicated and does not remember the whole situation, but he does recall lying on the ground in front of the bar after the fight. He does not recall a... | D: Application of moist sterile dressing + tetanus vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of intermittent burning epigastric pain. His pain improves with antacid use and eating but returns approximately 2 hours following meals. He has a history of chronic osteoarthritis and takes ibuprofen daily. Upper endoscopy shows a deep ulcer locate... | D: Gastroduodenal artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome presents to her cardiologist’s office for a follow-up visit. She collapsed at her job and made a trip to the emergency department 1 week ago. At that time, she received a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and hemodynamic instabilit... | D: Refer her for electrophysiology (EP) study and ablation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of worsening abdominal pain that suddenly started 2 hours ago. The patient also has nausea and has vomited twice. She has hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, major depressive disorder, and chronic right knee pain. Current medications ... | E: Exploratory laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe dyspnea and orthopnea for 6 hours. He has a history of congestive heart disease and an ejection fraction of 40%. The medical history is otherwise unremarkable. He appears confused. At the hospital, his blood pressure is 165/110 mm Hg, the puls... | A: Condom catheter placement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman with no past medical history is post operative day 2 from a cesarean section that resulted in the birth of her first child. She begins to cry when she's told that today's lunch will be gluten-free. Although the patient feels "exhausted" and has had trouble sleeping, she deeply desires to return ho... | A: Postpartum "blues"; her symptoms are likely self-limited |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a hypopigmented skin lesion on his finger. He first noticed it 4 weeks ago after cutting his finger with a knife while preparing food. He did not feel the cut. For the past week, he has also had fever, fatigue, and malaise. He has not traveled outside the country si... | C: Mycobacterium leprae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with progressive right foot swelling, redness, and malaise. He reports seeing a blister on his forefoot several months ago after he started using new work boots. He has dressed the affected area daily with bandages; however, healing has not occurred. He has a hi... | C: Antibiotics and supportive care |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents to the doctor's office seeking evaluation for her recurrent urinary tract infections. She admits to urinary frequency and a burning sensation when urinating. This is her 3rd UTI in the past year. She has a history of generalized anxiety disorder for which she takes paroxetine. She is sexu... | A: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and urinating before and after intercourse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A primary care physician who focuses on treating elderly patients is researching recommendations for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. She is particularly interested in recommendations regarding aspirin, as she has several patients who ask her if they should take it. Of the following, which patient should ... | E: A 63-year-old male with a history of a transient ischemic attack |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents with breathlessness for the past 3 months. His symptoms have been getting progressively worse during this time. He denies any history of cough, fever, or chest pain. He works at a local shipyard and is responsible for installing the plumbing aboard the vessels. His past medical history is s... | A: Decreased diffusion lung capacity of CO |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is presented to the pediatrician due to poor weight gain and easy fatigability. His mother states that the patient barely engages in any physical activity as he becomes short of breath easily. The prenatal and birth histories are insignificant. Past medical history includes a few episodes of upper re... | C: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:On cardiology service rounds, your team sees a patient admitted with an acute congestive heart failure exacerbation. In congestive heart failure, decreased cardiac function leads to decreased renal perfusion, which eventually leads to excess volume retention. To test your knowledge of physiology, your attending asks ... | D: Proximal convoluted tubule via passive diffusion following ion reabsorption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for a check-up. He reports that he visited an urgent care clinic last week for seasonal allergies; he was instructed at that encounter to follow-up with his primary care doctor because his blood pressure measured at that time was 162/88. He denies any botherso... | E: Start propranolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents with a 3-month history of difficulty starting urination, weak stream, and terminal dribbling. The patient has no history of serious illnesses and is not under any medications currently. The patient’s father had prostate cancer at the age of 58 years. Vital signs are within normal range. Upo... | C: Radiation therapy + androgen deprivation therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman recently underwent kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease. Her early postoperative period was uneventful, and her serum creatinine is lowered from 4.3 mg/dL (preoperative) to 2.5 mg/dL. She is immediately started on immunosuppressive therapy. On postoperative day 7, she presents to the... | A: Continue with an ultrasound-guided biopsy of the transplanted kidney |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old African American female with a past obstetrical history of para 5, gravida 4 with vaginal birth 4 weeks ago presents with the chief complaint of shortness of breath. On examination, the patient has an elevated jugular venous pressure, an S3, respiratory crackles, and bilateral pedal edema. Chest X-ray s... | E: Ventricular dilatation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to a clinic with exertional chest pain for the past several months. He says the pain is central in his chest and relieved with rest. The physical examination is unremarkable. An electrocardiogram is normal, but an exercise tolerance test revealed ST-segment depression in chest leads V1-V4. ... | E: To avoid nitrate tolerance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician for difficulty sleeping and poor concentration at work. She sleeps with the lights turned on and wakes up frequently during the night with palpitations and profuse sweating. Three weeks ago she was sexually assaulted in her car. Since the assault she has avoided using her ca... | A: Acute stress disorder |
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