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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman gravida 5, para 4 was admitted at 31 weeks of gestation with worsening fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion for the past month. She also has nausea and loss of appetite. No significant past medical history. The patient denies any smoking history, alcohol or illicit drug use. Her vital signs... | C: Folate deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old Caucasian male actor presents to your office complaining of a dry, non-productive cough. He has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease and he follows a complicated regimen of medications to treat his multiple co-morbidities. Which of the following medications is most likely to ... | B: Lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying viral mutation isolates a virus strain from the gastric contents of an infant with gastroenteritis. This virus has a nonenveloped RNA genome with 11 segments and a helical symmetrical capsid. The investigator finds that if 2 strains of this virus coinfect a single host cell, some of the resul... | B: Orthomyxoviruses |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question Administration of which of the following is most likely to improve this patient's current symptoms?" "Patient information Age: 82 years Gender: M, self-identified Ethnicity: Caucasian Site of care: office History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I have been ge... | A: Vitamin C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of weakness and abdominal pain for 24 hours. She has had three bowel movements with dark stool during this period. She has not had vomiting and has never had such episodes in the past. She underwent a tubal ligation 15 years ago. She has chronic lower extr... | E: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman with no significant past medical, past surgical, or family history presents with new symptoms of chest pain, an oral rash, and pain with swallowing. She lost her husband several months earlier and has moved into an elderly assisted living community. She states that her symptoms began several weeks... | D: CD4 count |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a fever and fatigue. He states that he has not felt well since he returned from a hiking trip in Alabama. He is generally healthy and has no other medical conditions. His temperature is 101°F (38.3°C), blood pressure is 127/85 mmHg, pulse is 108/min, respira... | B: Ehrlichiosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a 6-month history of irregular menstrual periods. Her last period was 3 months ago. Previously, her periods occurred at regular 28-day intervals and lasted 4–5 days with moderate flow. She has also noticed breast tenderness and scant nipple discharge. She h... | E: Blockade of pituitary dopamine receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for a well-child examination. He recently stopped attending his swim classes. The patient is at the 97th percentile for height and the 50th percentile for weight. Examination shows decreased facial hair, bilateral breast enlargement, and long extremities. Ge... | D: 47,XXY |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl comes to the physician for exertional leg pain. The pain began last week when she started jogging to lose weight. She is at the 5th percentile for height and 80th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows a broad neck with bilateral excess skin folds that extend to the shoulders, as well as... | A: Ovarian dysgenesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of recurrent respiratory infections and difficulty walking for 2 months. Physical examination shows numerous telangiectasias on the nose, ears, and neck. There is overshoot on the finger-to-nose test. He has a narrow-based gait. Genetic analysis shows a nonsense mu... | C: 3'ACC5' |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old child with “elfin” facial features is very friendly with strangers. He has a history of mild mental retardation, and a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23, that includes a portion of the elastin gene. Which of the following is most likely true in this patient?? {'A': 'Carpopedal spasm induced by s... | D: Symptoms may develop secondary to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A study aimed to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and lipid metabolism in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recruited 252 patients with RA in a tertiary care hospital. Fasting blood samples were taken for lipid profiling and for the assessment of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive ... | D: r value lies between 0 and -1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 33 weeks' gestation comes to her doctor for a routine visit. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. She has systemic lupus erythematosus and has had no flares during her pregnancy. She does not smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Current medications include... | D: Induction of labor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because she has not had menstrual bleeding for the past 2 months. Menses had previously occurred at irregular 15–45 day intervals with moderate to heavy flow. Menarche was at the age of 14 years. Eight months ago, she was diagnosed with bipolar disorder an... | B: Anovulatory cycles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of headaches, vertigo, and changes to his personality for the past few weeks. He was diagnosed with HIV 14 years ago and was started on antiretroviral therapy at that time. Medical records from one month ago indicate that he followed his medication sche... | B: CNS lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of right shoulder pain that began after he repainted his house 1 week ago. Physical examination shows right subacromial tenderness. The pain is reproduced when the patient is asked to abduct the shoulder against resistance with the arm flexed forward by 30° and the thu... | A: Supraspinatus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to the primary care clinic to establish care. She has no acute complaints or concerns. Upon further questioning, she shares that she gets frequent nosebleeds and often bleeds from her gums a little after brushing her teeth. She also typically has relatively heavy menstrual periods, soakin... | E: Perform platelet aggregation tests |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her father because of irritability, mood swings, and difficulty sleeping over the past 10 days. A few days ago, she quit her job and spent all of her savings on supplies for a “genius business plan.” She has been energetic despite sleeping only 1–2 hours each night. ... | C: Bipolar disorder type I |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because of slowed growth and fatigue. Over the past year, she went from average height for her age group to the shortest in her class. She has also been having more problems concentrating in class and is less interested in playing. She ha... | A: Lymphocytic infiltration on fine needle aspiration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old non-verbal child with a history of autism is brought into the emergency department by his grandmother. The patient’s grandmother is concerned her grandchild is being abused at home. The patient lives in an apartment with his mother, step-father, and two older brothers in low-income housing. The departmen... | A: Mother |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:BACKGROUND: Aldosterone blockade reduces mortality and morbidity among patients with severe heart failure. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, on morbidity and mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated ... | A: 0.15 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of fatigue and low energy levels for 2 months. She has not had fever or weight changes. She has no history of serious illness except for an episode of infectious mononucleosis 4 weeks ago. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 days with moder... | A: Iron studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his father for complaints of “constant irritation.” His father explains that ever since his divorce with the son’s mother last year he has noticed increased irritability in his son. "He has been skipping out on his baseball practices which he has always enjoyed,” his dad ... | B: Escitalopram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his mother with complaints of abdominal pain and fever that started 24 hours ago. On further questioning, the mother says that her son vomited twice and has constipation that started approximately 1 and one-half days ago. The medical history is benign. The vital s... | A: Luminal obstruction due to a fecalith |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a wound in his foot. Four days ago, he stepped on a nail while barefoot at the beach. Examination of the plantar surface of his right foot shows a purulent puncture wound at the base of his second toe with erythema and tenderness of the surrounding skin. ... | B: Superficial inguinal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male is admitted to the ICU for severe hypertension complicated by a headache. The patient has a past medical history of insulin-controlled diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day. He states that he forgot to take his medications yesterday and started getting ... | B: CT head without intravenous contrast |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old nulligravida presents for evaluation 5 weeks after her last menstrual period. Her previous menstruation cycle was regular, and her medical history is benign. She is sexually active with one partner and does not use contraception. A urine dipstick pregnancy test is negative. The vital signs are as follow... | E: Blood human chorionic gonadotropin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist wants to extract mRNA from a cell line of interest, amplify a specific mRNA, and insert it into a plasmid so that he can transfect it into a cell in order to over-express that protein. Which of the following proteins is required for the first step of amplification of this mRNA?? {'A': 'Taq DNA polymerase'... | C: Reverse transcriptase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old pregnant woman undergoes a routine quad-screen during her second trimester. The quad-screen results demonstrate the following: decreased alpha-fetoprotein, increased Beta-hCG, decreased estriol, and increased inhibin A. A presumptive diagnosis is made based upon these findings and is later confirmed wit... | D: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician’s office with intermittent and severe stomach ache and vomiting for the last 2 days. Last week the whole family had a stomach bug involving a few days of mild fever, lack of appetite, and diarrhea but they have all made a full recovery since. This current pain is diffe... | A: Air enema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fever and headache. She says that the symptoms started suddenly after she woke up 3 days ago, though she has been feeling increasingly fatigued over the last 5 months. On presentation, her temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is... | D: Increased serum von Willebrand factor multimers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old healthy college student presents to the clinic with her boyfriend complaining of a productive cough with rust-colored sputum associated with breathlessness for the past week. She also reports symptoms of the common cold which began about 1 week ago. She reports that her weekly routine has not changed de... | B: Anthracyclines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old Caucasian woman presents to the physician with urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain for 1 week. She has poor sleep quality because her symptoms persist throughout the night, as well as the day. Her pain partially subsides with urination. She does not have dysuria or urinary incontinence. Her mens... | B: Behavior modification |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 6-month-old boy to the emergency department. She reports that her son has been breathing faster than usual for the past 2 days, and she has noted occasional wheezing. She states that prior to the difficulty breathing, she noticed some clear nasal discharge for several days. The infant was born ful... | E: Monitoring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient presents to the emergency room in an obtunded state. The patient is a known nurse within the hospital system and has no history of any medical problems. A finger stick blood glucose is drawn showing a blood glucose of 25 mg/dL. The patient's daughter immediately arrives at the hospital stating that her moth... | B: C-peptide level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old project manager is told by her boss that her team will need to work on an additional project in the coming week for a very important client. This frustrates the woman, who already feels that she works too many hours. Instead of discussing her feelings directly with her boss, the woman leaves a voice mes... | C: Passive aggression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 83-year-old woman with fever, malaise, and cough for the past 24 hours is brought to the emergency department. She lives in an assisted living facility, and several of her neighbors have had similar symptoms. She has a past medical history of hypertension treated with lisinopril. Her temperature is 38.9°C (102.2°F... | B: Inhibition of neuraminidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman presents for a pre-employment health assessment. She has no complaints. Her last annual physical examination 8 months ago was normal. She has no significant past medical history. She is a nonsmoker and says she quit all alcohol consumption last year. A complete hepatic biochemistry panel is perfor... | C: Primary biliary cholangitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old Caucasian man is brought to the emergency department by his roommate after he reportedly ingested a bottle of Tylenol. He reports being suddenly sad and very lonely and impulsively overdosed on some pills that he had laying around. He then immediately induced vomiting and regurgitated most of the pills ... | A: He has a previous attempt |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for a psychiatric evaluation. Over the past 12 months, his behavior has become increasingly disruptive. His wife no longer brings him along shopping because he has attempted to grope a female cashier on 2 occasions. He has begun to address the mail carrier usi... | C: Ubiquitin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to your office accompanied by his wife. He has been experiencing a tremor in his right hand for the last several months that seems to be worsening. He does not have any other complaints and says he’s “fine.” His wife thinks that he has also had more difficulty walking. His history is signif... | A: Substantia nigra pars compacta |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3 comes to the physician because of a 14-month history of prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 7 days with heavy flow. She also feels fatigued. She is sexually active with her husband and does not use contraception. Vital signs ... | B: Leuprolide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man presents with swelling of the right knee. He says that the pain began the previous night and was reduced by ibuprofen and an ice-pack. The pain persists but is tolerable. He denies any recent fever, chills, or joint pains in the past. Past medical history includes a coronary artery bypass graft (CAB... | A: Aspirin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents with blood in her urine for the past 2 days. She says she has had increasing urinary frequency at night for the past several days and recently noticed a reddish tinge in her urine. She is also concerned that her feet are beginning to swell, and she has been feeling increasingly fatigued f... | A: Corticosteroids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A physician scientist is looking for a more efficient way to treat HIV. Patients infected with HIV mount a humoral immune response by producing antibodies against the HIV envelope proteins. These antibodies are the same antibodies detected by the ELISA and western blot assays used to diagnose the disease. The physici... | A: gp120 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 21-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of an episode of unconsciousness that suddenly happened while playing football 30 minutes ago. He was not shaking and regained consciousness after about 30 seconds. Over the past three months, the patient has had several ep... | A: Abnormal movement of the mitral valve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-week-old baby is brought to the pediatrician’s office for a routine checkup. On examination, she is observed to have microcephaly with a prominent occiput. She also has clenched fists and rocker-bottom feet with prominent calcanei. A cardiac murmur is evident on auscultation. Based on the clinical findings, a dia... | C: Death within the first year life |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old biochemist receives negative feedback from a senior associate on a recent project. He is placed on probation within the company and told that he must improve his performance on the next project to remain with the company. He is distraught and leaves his office early. When he gives an account of the epis... | B: Projection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents to the neurology clinic in significant pain. She reports a sharp, stabbing electric-like pain on the right side of her face. The pain started suddenly 2 weeks ago. The pain is so excruciating that she can no longer laugh, speak, or eat her meals as these activities cause episodes of pain.... | C: Trigeminal neuralgia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a clinical study on an island with a population of 2540 individuals, 510 are found to have fasting hyperglycemia. Analysis of medical records of deceased individuals shows that the average age of onset of fasting hyperglycemia is 45 years, and the average life expectancy is 70 years. Assuming a steady state of... | E: 20 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of crampy abdominal pain and foul-smelling, watery diarrhea. One week ago, she underwent treatment of cellulitis with clindamycin. She has developed shortness of breath and urticaria after treatment with vancomycin in the past. Her temperature is 38.4... | E: Inhibition of RNA polymerase sigma subunit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of abdominal discomfort, anorexia, and mild fatigue. She has systemic lupus erythematosus and takes hydroxychloroquine. She does not drink alcohol or use illicit drugs. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Alanine aminotransferase 455... | C: Tenofovir |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man was brought into the emergency room after he was found running in the streets. Upon arrival to the emergency room, he keeps screaming, “they are eating me alive," and swatting his hands. He reports that there are spiders crawling all over him. His girlfriend, who arrives shortly after, claims that h... | A: Cocaine use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician with fever, diarrhea and bilateral red eye for 7 days. His parents noted that he has never had an episode of diarrhea this prolonged, but several other children at daycare had been ill. His immunization history is up to date. His vitals are normal except for a temperatu... | C: Adenovirus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three hours after the onset of labor, a 39-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 40 weeks' gestation has sudden worsening of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. 18 months ago her first child was delivered by a lower segment transverse cesarean section because of cephalopelvic disproportion. Her temperature is 37.5°C... | A: Loss of fetal station |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man with longstanding ischemic heart disease presents to the clinic with complaints of increasing exercise intolerance and easy fatigability for the past 2 weeks. He further states that he has been experiencing excessive daytime somnolence and shortness of breath with exertion. His wife adds that his sh... | A: Increased pulmonary artery pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman with a medical history significant for asthma, hypertension, and occasional IV drug use comes to the emergency department with fever. On physical exam, there are findings depicted in figure A, for which the patient cannot account. What test will be most helpful to establish the diagnosis?? {'A': '... | A: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of progressive weakness of his lower extremities and urinary incontinence for the past 3 weeks. Over the past 2 months, he has also had increasing back pain. Physical examination shows an unsteady gait. Muscle strength is decreased in both lower extremi... | A: Elevated prostate-specific antigen in the serum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 75-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fatigue and decreasing exercise tolerance over the past 6 weeks. She also has intermittent episodes of dizziness. She has never smoked and does not drink alcohol. She takes a daily multivitamin. She appears pale. Physical examination shows a smo... | D: Acute myelocytic leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman has a follow-up visit with her physician. She was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma at 11 years of age. Her regular controller medications include daily high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast, but she still needs to use a rescue inhaler 3–4 times a week following exe... | B: Prevention of binding of IgE antibodies to mast cell receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician because of several days of fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. She drank water from a stream 1 week ago while she was hiking in the woods. Abdominal examination shows increased bowel sounds. Stool analysis for ova and parasites shows flagellated multinucleated trophozoite... | B: CD40 to CD40 ligand |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought in to his pediatrician for a routine checkup. The parents mention that the child has been developing appropriately, although they have been noticing that the child appears to have chronic constipation. The parents report that their child does not routinely have daily bowel movements, and t... | E: Submucosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old rock musician presents to the office because he has been feeling increasingly tired for the past 6 months. He has a history of intravenous drug use and alcohol abuse. He states that he feels quite tired, but he otherwise has no complaints. Physical examination is noncontributory. His laboratory values a... | C: Hepatitis C virus RNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old male has a history of gout complicated by several prior episodes of acute gouty arthritis and 3 prior instances of nephrolithiasis secondary to uric acid stones. He has a serum uric acid level of 11 mg/dL (normal range 3-8 mg/dL), a 24 hr urine collection of 1300 mg uric acid (normal range 250-750 mg), ... | E: Probenecid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her family for not being responsive. The patient had locked herself in her room for several hours after breaking up with her boyfriend. When her family found her, they were unable to arouse her and immediately took her to the hospital. The patient has a pa... | C: QRS prolongation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After hospitalization for urgent chemotherapy to treat Burkitt’s lymphoma, a 7-year-old boy developed paresthesias of the fingers, toes, and face. Vital signs are taken. When inflating the blood pressure cuff, the patient reports numbness and tingling of the fingers. His blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg. Respirations a... | E: Precipitation of uric acid in renal tubules/tumor lysis syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old female presents to your clinic concerned that she has not had her menstrual cycle in 5 months. She has not been sexually active and her urine pregnancy test is negative. She states that she has been extremely stressed as she is in the middle of her gymnastics season and trying to get recruited for a col... | E: Low bone density |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old male with a history of thyroid cancer status post total thyroidectomy presents to his primary care physician after repeated bouts of headaches. His headaches are preceded by periods of anxiety, palpitations, and sweating. The patient says he is unable to pinpoint any precipitating factors and instead sa... | D: Plasma fractionated metanephrines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her college campus clinic with the complaint of being unable to get up for her morning classes. She says that, because of this, her grades are being affected. For the past 6 weeks, she says she has been feeling depressed because her boyfriend dumped her. She finds herself very sleepy, ... | A: “While taking this medication, you should avoid drinking red wine.” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of 2 months of progressive clumsiness, falls, and increased urinary frequency. Physical examination shows bilateral temporal visual field loss. An MRI of the head shows a small calcified suprasellar mass. The patient undergoes surgery with complete removal o... | A: Rathke pouch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male is brought to the emergency department with a 1-week history of worsening headache. Over the past 2 days, he has become increasingly confused and developed nausea as well as vomiting. One week ago, he struck his head while exiting a car, but did not lose consciousness. His maternal uncle had a blee... | D: Subdural hematoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman is brought to the clinic by her husband with complaints of cognitive decline. The patient’s husband says that she has had intermittent problems with her memory for the past few years. He says she has occasional ‘bad days’ where her memory deteriorates to the point where she cannot perform activiti... | D: Rivastigmine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents for prenatal counseling at 18 weeks gestation. The patient tells you that her sister recently had a child with Down's syndrome, and the patient would like prenatal screening for Down's in her current pregnancy. Which of the following prenatal screening tests and results would raise concer... | B: Decreased AFP, increased HCG, decreased unconjugated estriol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman gives birth to a 2.2 kg child while on vacation. The mother's medical records are faxed to the hospital and demonstrate the following on hepatitis panel: hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positive, anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HbcAg) positive, hepatitis C RNA is detected, hepatitis C anti... | D: Hepatitis B IVIG and vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chronic diarrhea, fatigue, and weakness. She also had mild lower extremity edema. On examination, she was noted to be pale. Blood testing revealed peripheral eosinophilia (60%) and a Hb concentration of 8 g/dL. The stool examination revealed Fasciolopsis b... | B: Praziquantel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying influenza virus variability isolates several distinct influenza virus strains from the respiratory secretions of a study subject. Mass spectrometry analysis of one strain shows that it expresses neuraminidase on its surface. Subsequent sequencing of this strain shows that its genome lacks the... | D: Phenotypic mixing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old male presents with left hip pain. Examination reveals mild effusions in both knees, with crepitus in both patellofemoral joints. He states his hearing has worsened recently and that he feels like his hats don't fit anymore. Bone scan reveals diffuse uptake in the calvarium, right proximal femur, and lef... | B: Increased serum alkaline phosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old G2P1 woman presents to the clinic and is curious about contraception immediately after her baby is born. She is anxious about taking care of one child and does not believe that she can handle the responsibility of caring for another. She has no other questions or complaints today. Her past medical histo... | E: Transdermal contraceptive patch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old girl born to a 40-year-old woman is undergoing an examination by a pediatric resident in the hospital. The pregnancy was uneventful and there were no complications during the delivery. The physical examination reveals midface hypoplasia with a flat nasal bridge and upslanting palpebral fissures. She has ... | B: Meiotic non-disjunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the clinic with a midline swelling in his neck. He is unsure about when it appeared. He denies any difficulty with swallowing or hoarseness. His past medical history is insignificant. On physical examination, there is a 1 cm x 2 cm firm mildly tender nodule on the anterior midline aspect... | E: Midline endoderm of the pharynx |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl presents after losing consciousness during class 30 minutes ago. According to her friends, she was doing okay since morning, and nobody noticed anything abnormal. The patient’s mother says that her daughter does not have any medical conditions. She also says that the patient has always been healthy... | C: DR3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of recurring chest discomfort. The symptoms occur when walking up the stairs to her apartment or when walking quickly for 5 minutes on level terrain. She has not had shortness of breath, palpitations, or dizziness. She has hypertension and hyperl... | A: Metoprolol and amlodipine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy presents with several light brown macules measuring 4–5 cm located on his trunk. He has no other medical conditions, but his mother has similar skin findings. He takes no medications, and his vital signs are within normal limits. Ophthalmic examination findings are shown in the image below. What is ... | D: Neurofibroma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by her mother after she is found to have cut both of her wrists with razor blades. The patient admits to a history of self-mutilation and attributed this incident to a recent breakup with a man she had been seeing for the previous 2 weeks. On morning rounds, the pa... | C: Dialectical behavior therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by ambulance with a visible deformity of the upper thigh after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. He is informed that he will require surgery and is asked about his medical history. He mentions that he had surgery to remove his tonsils several years a... | A: Atropine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of upper abdominal pain. He reports a four-month history of gnawing epigastric discomfort that improves with meals. He has lost 10 pounds over that same period. His past medical history is significant for a prolactinoma for which he underwent trans... | E: Elevated fasting serum gastrin that increases with secretin administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a fever and weakness. He states his symptoms started yesterday and have been gradually worsening. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, diabetes, alcohol abuse, as well as a 30 pack-year smoking history. He lives in a nursing home and has presen... | B: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by the police for examination. The police have reason to believe he may have swallowed a large number of cocaine-containing capsules during an attempt to smuggle the drug across the border. They request an examination of the patient to determine if this is actu... | B: Explain the risk of internal rupture to the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with his parents. The boy complains of fever, neck stiffness, and drowsiness for the last several days. His past medical history is noncontributory. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is m... | C: Inhibition of DNA polymerase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is seen by his endocrinologist for routine followup of his type 2 diabetes. Although he has previously been on a number of medication regimens, his A1C has remained significantly elevated. In order to try to better control his glucose level, the endocrinologist prescribes a new medication. He explai... | B: Canagliflozin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old African-American man comes to the physician for intermittent episodes of dark urine and mild flank pain. The patient has had 3 episodes of frank reddish discoloration of his urine within 1 month. He has chronic headaches and back pain for which he has been taking aspirin and ibuprofen daily for 1 year. ... | D: Renal papillary ischemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because of painless lesions on the vulva that she first noticed 2 days ago. She does not have any urinary symptoms. She has gastroesophageal reflux disease for which she takes omeprazole. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 10 years. She is sexually active with m... | B: Cryotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old male is brought into the emergency department complaining of chills, headaches, and malaise for several days. He also states that he experiences shortness of breath when climbing two flights of stairs in his home. He admits to occasionally using intravenous drugs during the previous year. On exam, his v... | D: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old patient who immigrated from the Middle East to the United States 10 years ago presents to the emergency department because of excessive weakness, abdominal discomfort, and weight loss for the past 10 months. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 10 years for which he takes metformin. He had an appende... | E: Ascites |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her father because of abnormal movements of her limbs for 4 days. She has had involuntary nonrhythmic movements of her arms and legs, and has been dropping drinking cups and toys. The symptoms are worse when she is agitated, and she rarely experiences them while sleepi... | C: Antibody cross-reactivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive fatigue and lower back pain for the past 4 months. The back pain worsened significantly after he had a minor fall while doing yard work the previous day. For the past year, he has had a feeling of incomplete emptying of his bladder after voiding. His vit... | B: Serum protein electrophoresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with complaints of 2 days of profuse diarrhea. He states that his stool started to turn watery and lighter in color beginning yesterday, and he has not noticed any fevers. His diarrhea episodes have become more frequent and white-colored over the past day. He ha... | B: Increased cyclic AMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. His mother has noticed he frequently falls while running. He was born at term and pregnancy was uncomplicated. He has a seizure disorder treated with phenytoin. He is at the 20th percentile for height and at 30th percentile for weight. Vital s... | C: Metabolic abnormality |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents with an 8-month history of insomnia and anxiety. She says that she has difficulty sleeping and has feelings of impending doom linked to her difficult financial situation. No significant family history and no current medications. The patient has prescribed an 8 week supply of medication. S... | D: Triazolam |
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