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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male presents with confusion, asterixis, and odd behavior. Very early in the morning, his mother found him urinating on the floor of his bedroom. A detailed history taken from the mother revealed that he has been a vegetarian his entire life but decided to "bulk up" by working out and consuming whey pro... | B: Citrulline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman visits the clinic with unintentional weight loss for the past 3 months. She is also concerned about difficulty swallowing solid food. She also has early satiety and mild abdominal discomfort. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is advised along with a biopsy. The histopathological report reveals g... | C: Low-molecular weight heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-month-old boy has iron-deficiency anemia refractory to iron therapy. His stool is repeatedly positive for occult blood. The parents bring the child to the emergency room after they notice some blood in his stool. Which of the following is the diagnostic gold standard for this patient's most likely condition?? {'... | C: Technetium-99m pertechnetate scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the diabetes clinic for a check-up. He has been successfully managing his diabetes through diet alone, and has not experienced any complications related to retinopathy, neuropathy, or nephropathy. He recently started a new exercise regimen and is eager to see whether his weight has decli... | C: 25.0 - 29.9 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of difficulty swallowing. During this time, he has also had a 7-kg (15-lb) weight loss. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows an exophytic mass in the distal third of the esophagus. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen shows a well-differentiat... | A: Vagus nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of difficulty swallowing, low-grade fever, and weight loss. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows an esophageal mass just distal to the upper esophageal sphincter. Histological examination conf... | C: Inferior thyroid artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old G4P3 is admitted to the obstetrics floor at 35 weeks gestation with painless vaginal spotting for a week. She had 2 cesarean deliveries. An ultrasound examination at 22 weeks gestation showed a partial placenta previa, but she was told not to worry. Today, her vital signs are within normal limits, and a... | E: Cesarean hysterectomy should be considered for the management of this patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a 3-month history of insomnia, odynophagia, and irritability. He works in a metal refinery. He appears distracted and irritable. Oral examination shows inflammation of the gums and buccal mucosa with excessive salivation. Neurological examination shows a... | B: Mercury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old female presents to the emergency room complaining of fever and difficulty breathing. She first noticed these symptoms 3 days prior to presentation. Her past medical history is notable for well-controlled asthma. She does not smoke and drinks alcohol socially. Upon further questioning, she reports that h... | A: Inactivation of C3 convertase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old G2-P1 woman in week 33 of gestation presents to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress. She works as a secretary for a local law firm, and she informs you that she recently returned from a trip to the beach. She currently smokes half-a-pack of cigarettes/day, drinks 1 glass of red wine/d... | E: Consult IR for IVC filter placement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents to his cardiologist because he has been feeling increasingly short of breath while lying down. Specifically, he says that he is now no longer able to sleep flat on the bed and instead has to be propped up on multiple pillows. In addition, he has b... | B: Amiloride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old primigravida presents with progressive shortness of breath on exertion and while sleeping. The patient says that she uses 2 pillows to breathe comfortably while sleeping at night. These symptoms started in the 3rd week of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy. She does not have any chronic health problems. She... | B: Loop diuretics |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician at 27 weeks' gestation with increased urinary frequency, a burning sensation when urinating, flank pain, and nausea. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. Glucose tolerance testing performed at 25 weeks' gestation was normal. She is sexually active with her husba... | A: Decreased ureteral smooth muscle tone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old Hispanic G2P1 presents for a routine antepartum visit at 26 weeks gestation. She has no complaints. The vital signs are normal, the physical examination is within normal limits, and the gynecologic examination corresponds to 25 weeks gestation. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a 75-g glucose ... | A: Dietary and lifestyle modification |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to a physician with a cough and dyspnea on exertion for 1 week. His symptoms worsen at night and he has noticed that his sputum is pink and frothy. He has a history of hypertension for the past 20 years and takes losartan regularly. There is no history of fever or chest pain. The pulse is 1... | D: Furosemide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of difficulty sleeping. She worries that the lack of sleep will ruin her career prospects as a model. She has been coming to the physician multiple times over the past year for minor problems. She is dressed very extravagantly and flirts with the r... | B: Histrionic personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 3-year-old daughter to the pediatrician because she is concerned about her development. She states that her daughter seemed to regress in her motor development. Furthermore, she states she has been having brief episodes of uncontrollable shaking, which has been very distressing to the family. Duri... | D: Heteroplasmy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to a medical clinic with a complaint of a left foot deformity since birth. The clinical and radiologic evaluation suggested partial simple syndactyly between the 2nd and 3rd toes of the left foot. A radiograph revealed a bony fusion between the proximal phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd toes.... | E: Apoptosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old woman is brought by ambulance to the emergency department after she developed weakness of her right arm along with a right-sided facial droop. By the time the ambulance arrived, she was having difficulty speaking. Past medical history is significant for hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, and hyper... | B: Obtain noncontrast CT of the brain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after sustaining high-voltage electrical burns over his left upper limb. On examination, the tip of his left middle finger is charred, and there are 2nd-degree burns involving the whole of the left upper limb. Radial and ulnar pulses are strong, and there are n... | B: Rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and renal injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician for frequent and painful urination. He has also had progressive painful swelling of his right knee over the past week. He is sexually active with two female partners and uses condoms inconsistently. His mother has an autoimmune disease that involves a malar rash. Examination s... | E: HLA-B27 positive genotype |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man makes an appointment with his general practitioner for a regular check-up. He has recently been diagnosed with asthma and was given a short-acting β2-agonist to use during acute exacerbations. He said he usually uses the medication 1–2 times per week. Which of the following is the most appropriate t... | B: He should continue with current treatment. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue and loss of sensation in his lower legs. The patient notes no history of trauma or chronic disease but states that he spends a lot of time outside and often encounters wild animals. On examination, the patient has multiple dark lesions over the skin of h... | B: An acid-fast, intracellular bacillus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness checkup. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse and is currently attending alcoholics anonymous with little success. He is currently drinking roughly 1L of hard alcohol every day and does not take his disulfiram anymore. Which of... | C: Dysdiadochokinesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of a light greenish, milky discharge from both breasts. There is no mastalgia. She has hypothyroidism and migraine headaches. Her mother has breast cancer and is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals with mod... | E: Reassurance and recommend avoidance of nipple stimulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is brought to the inpatient psychiatric unit by the police after she was found violating the conditions of her restraining order by parking on the side street of her "lover’s" home every night for the past week. Her "lover", a famous hometown celebrity, has adamantly denied any relationship with t... | E: Symptoms must be present for at least 4 weeks. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of diplopia, slurred speech, progressive upper extremity weakness, and difficulty swallowing for the past several hours. She had mild abdominal pain that resolved spontaneously after returning from her father's farm yesterday. Her temperature is 37°C ... | A: Oral ingestion of preformed toxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old male dies in the intensive care unit following a severe Streptococcus pneumonia pneumonia and septic shock. Autopsy of the lung reveals a red, firm left lower lobe. What would you most likely find on microscopic examination of the lung specimen?? {'A': 'Eosinophilia in the alveolar septa', 'B': 'Vascula... | D: Alveolar exudate containing neutrophils, erythrocytes, and fibrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a severe headache. The patient reports that it started approx. 2 hours ago and has steadily worsened. He describes it as a stabbing pain localized behind his left eye. The patient reports that he has been having similar headaches several times a day for the ... | C: Administer subcutaneous sumatriptan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old primigravid woman at 38 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. At the last two prenatal visits, transabdominal ultrasound showed the fetus in breech presentation. She has no medical conditions and only takes prenatal vitamins. Her pulse is 95/min, respirations are 16/min, and bloo... | D: Offer external cephalic version |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man is rushed to the ER in the middle of the night with severe chest pain. He arrives in the ER short of breath, sweating, and looking terrified. His blood pressure is noted to be 250/140, and he is immediately administered nitroprusside. His blood pressure is controlled, but he soon develops confusion ... | E: Cyanide toxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a clinical study evaluating the effects of exercise on muscle perfusion, 15 healthy individuals perform a 20-minute treadmill run at submaximal effort. Before and after the treadmill session, perfusion of the quadriceps muscle is evaluated with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The study shows a si... | D: Increase in adenosine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old infant is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. His mother reports that she had previously breastfed her son every 2 hours for 15 minutes but is now feeding him every 4 hours for 40 minutes. She says that the infant sweats a lot and is uncomfortable during feeds. He has 6 wet diapers an... | D: Indomethacin infusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of fever and night sweats over the past 15 days. During this period, he has also had headaches and generalized weakness. He has no cough or shortness of breath. He has hypertension controlled with lisinopril and is currently receiving triple antiretroviral the... | A: Pulmonary embolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 30 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for evaluation of increased urinary frequency. She has no history of major medical illness. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show an increased serum C-peptide concentration. Ultrasonography shows polyh... | B: Human placental lactogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:For which patient would isoniazid monotherapy be most appropriate?? {'A': '37-year-old male with positive PPD and no clinical signs or radiographic evidence of disease', 'B': '41-year-old female with positive PPD and a Ghon complex on chest radiograph', 'C': '25-year-old female with positive PPD and acid-fast bacilli... | A: 37-year-old male with positive PPD and no clinical signs or radiographic evidence of disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents with progressive shortness of breath and a dry cough. She says that her symptoms onset recently after a 12-hour flight. Past medical history is unremarkable. Current medications are oral estrogen/progesterone containing contraceptive pills. Her vital signs include: blood pressure 110/60 m... | C: 1.3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with lightheadedness and a feeling that he is going to "pass out". He has a history of hypertension that is treated with captopril. In the office, his temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F), the pulse is 65/min, and the respiratory rate is 19/min. His sitting blood pr... | E: Right bundle branch block |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman returns to her primary care provider for a follow-up visit. At a routine health maintenance visit 2 months ago, her blood pressure (BP) was 181/97 mm Hg. She has adhered to a low-salt diet and exercises regularly. On repeat examination 1 month later, her BP was 178/93, and she was prescribed hydro... | E: Balloon angioplasty |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) presents to her hematologist for routine follow-up. She has been on chronic corticosteroids for her ITP, in addition to several treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and rituximab. Her labs today reveal a white blood cell count of ... | C: Vaccinate: 2 weeks prior to surgery; Penicillin: at time of surgery for 5 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with an intense, throbbing, right-sided headache. She has a history of migraine headaches and tried her usual medications this afternoon with no alleviation of symptoms. She states that this headache feels different because she also has pain in her jaw that i... | C: High dose steroids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A person is exercising strenuously on a treadmill for 1 hour. An arterial blood gas measurement is then taken. Which of the following are the most likely values?? {'A': 'pH 7.38, PaO2 100, PCO2 69 HCO3 42', 'B': 'pH 7.36, PaO2 100, PCO2 40, HCO3 23', 'C': 'pH 7.32, PaO2 42, PCO2 50, HCO3 27', 'D': 'pH 7.56, PaO2 100,... | B: pH 7.36, PaO2 100, PCO2 40, HCO3 23 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A professional golfer tees off on the first day of a tournament. On the first hole, his drive slices to the right and drops in the water. He yells at his caddy, then takes his driver and throws it at his feet, blaming it for his poor swing. Notably, the golfer had had a long fight with his wife last night over proble... | B: Displacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old medical student decides to fast for 24 hours after reading about the possible health benefits of fasting. She read that blood glucose levels are maintained by metabolic processes such as hepatic glycogenolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis during the initial 3 days of fasting. During the day, she did not ... | D: Citrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room 30 minutes after being hit in the face with a baseball at high velocity. Examination shows left periorbital swelling, posterior displacement of the left globe, and tenderness to palpation over the left infraorbital rim. There is limited left upward gaze and normal ho... | B: Clouding of maxillary sinus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old male comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of excessive sleepiness. He reports that he has been sleeping for an average of 10 to 12 hours at night and needs to take multiple naps during the day. Six months ago, he was diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma and underwent prophylactic cran... | C: Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man with AIDS comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of intermittent fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. He has also had a nonproductive cough and a 3.6-kg (8-lb) weight loss in this period. He was treated for pneumocystis pneumonia 2 years ago. He has had skin lesions on his chest for 6 mo... | E: Azithromycin and ethambutol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A genetic counselor sees a family for the first time for genetic assessment. The 24-year-old businessman and his 19-year-old sister are concerned about having a mutant allele and have decided to get tested. Their grandfather and great aunt both have Huntington’s disease which became apparent when they turned 52. Thei... | C: Gel electrophoresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of fever, chills, and double vision. She also has a 2-week history of headache and foul-smelling nasal discharge. Her temperature is 39.4°C (103°F). Examination shows mild swelling around the left eye. Her left eye does not move past midline on far... | A: Absent corneal reflex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy with bronchial asthma is brought to the physician by his mother because of a generalized rash for 2 days. He has also had a fever and sore throat for 4 days. The rash involves his whole body and is not pruritic. His only medication is a fluticasone-salmeterol combination inhaler. He has not received... | D: Postinfectious glomerulonephritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man undergoes an esophagogastroduodenoscopy for his recurrent episodes of epigastric pain. He also lost a significant amount of weight in the last 6 months. He says that he has been taking a number of dietary supplements "to cope". His past medical history is insignificant, and a physical examination is... | C: Ascorbic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old G1P0 woman at 22 weeks’ gestation presents to the emergency department with persistent vomiting over the past 8 weeks which has resulted in 5.5 kg (12.1 lb) of unintentional weight loss. She has not received any routine prenatal care to this point. She reports having tried diet modification and over-the... | B: Obtain a beta hCG and pelvic ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency department with lower extremity weakness. He was in his usual state of health until 10 days ago. He then began to notice his legs were “tiring out” during his workouts. This progressed to difficulty climbing the stairs to his apartment. He has asthma and uses albuterol as n... | E: Plasmapheresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for forgetfulness, confusion, and mood changes for the past 4 months. His symptoms started with misplacing items such as his wallet and keys around the house. Two months ago, he became unable to manage their finances as it became too difficult for him. Last we... | A: Vascular dementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A medical student is studying digestive enzymes at the brush border of the duodenum. He isolates and inactivates an enzyme in the brush border that has a high affinity for the pancreatic proenzyme trypsinogen. When the enzyme is inactivated, trypsinogen is no longer converted to its active form. Which of the followin... | E: Cleavage of a propeptide from an N-terminus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his grandmother because of difficulty breathing. Over the past two hours, the grandmother has noticed his voice getting progressively hoarser and occasionally muffled, with persistent drooling. He has not had a cough. The child recently immigrated from Africa... | E: Nasotracheal intubation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man has worsening suprapubic discomfort 36 hours after undergoing a hemorrhoidectomy under spinal anesthesia. He reports that he has not urinated since the procedure. Examination shows a palpable bladder 4 cm above the symphysis pubis. He is treated with a drug that directly increases detrusor muscle to... | D: Diaphoresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman presents with a lack of concentration at work for the last 3 months. She says that she has been working as a personal assistant to a manager at a corporate business company for the last 2 years. Upon asking why she is not able to concentrate, she answers that her colleagues are always gossiping ab... | B: Serum cobalamin level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of fatigue and abdominal distension. He has a remote history of intravenous drug use. Vital signs include a normal temperature, blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, and a pulse of 75/min. Physical examination reveals jaundice and a firm liver. Abdominal ultra... | B: Platelet sequestration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought into the emergency department after he was found at home by his mother possibly drinking bleach from under the sink. The child consumed an unknown amount and appears generally well. The child has an unremarkable past medical history and is not currently taking any medications. Physical exa... | A: Close observation and outpatient endoscopy in 2 to 3 weeks |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is discharged from the hospital after being treated for a ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The patient became hypotensive to 87/48 mmHg with a pulse of 130/min. He was properly resuscitated, and a cardiac catheterization with stent placement was performed. Upon being discharged, the patient was s... | A: Atorvastatin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician because he has noticed white plaques forming on his tongue over the last 5 days. He recently returned from a boy scout trip where he traveled across the country and hiked through the woods. His past medical history is significant for asthma for which he uses an inhaler a... | C: Germ tube formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male is brought into the emergency room by emergency medical services due to a stab wound in the chest. The wound is located superior and medial to the left nipple. Upon entry, the patient appears alert and is conversational, but soon becomes confused and loses consciousness. The patient's blood pressur... | E: Pericardiocentesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought in by his mother because she is concerned that he has been “acting differently recently”. She says he no longer seems interested in playing with his friends from preschool, and she has noticed that he has stopped making eye contact with others. In addition, she says he flaps his hands when... | A: Autism spectrum disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52 year-old woman comes to the physician because of intense retrosternal chest pain for the last three days. The pain is worse with breathing or coughing, and improves while sitting upright. She also reports a mild fever and shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease secondary to lupus nephr... | E: Elevated serum levels of nitrogenous waste |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 83-year-old man presents to the gastroenterologist to follow-up on results from a biopsy of a pancreatic head mass, which the clinician was concerned could be pancreatic cancer. After welcoming the patient and his wife to the clinic, the physician begins to discuss the testing and leads into delivering the results... | A: "If that is your definite wish, then I must honor it" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman has a history of mild epigastric pain, which seems to have gotten worse over the last month. Her pain is most severe several hours after a meal and is somewhat relieved with over-the-counter antacids. The patient denies abnormal tastes in her mouth or radiating pain. She does not take any other ov... | A: Urease breath test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old girl presents to a physician following unprotected coitus with her boyfriend about 10 hours ago. She tells the doctor that although they usually use a barrier method of contraception, this time they forgot. She does not want to become pregnant. She also mentions that she has major depression and does no... | D: Delayed ovulation through inhibition of follicular development |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to his physician with a history of fever, non-bloody diarrhea, and headache for 10 days. He also complains of anorexia and abdominal pain. He returned from a trip to India 3 weeks ago. His temperature is 40.0°C (104.0°F), pulse is 65/min, respirations are 15/min, and blood pressure is 135/80 m... | B: Enteric fever |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of intermittent palpitations and worsening shortness of breath on exertion. He has not had chest pain or nocturnal dyspnea. The patient is 195 cm (6 ft 5 in) tall and weighs 70 kg (154 lbs); BMI is 18.4 kg/m2. His pulse is 110/mi... | A: Aortic regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother with a history of fever for the past 3 days, yellow nasal discharge, and a severe earache in the right ear. He has no prior history of ear infections and is otherwise healthy. The physician suspects that the infectious agent is Streptococcus pneumoniae and presc... | A: The pathway involved allows for recognition of extracellular antigens. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by her husband because of severe dyspnea and dizziness. Her symptoms started suddenly 30 minutes ago. She appears distressed. Arterial blood gas shows a pH of 7.51, pO2 of 100 mm Hg, and a pCO2 of 30 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely cause?? {'A': 'P... | A: Panic attack |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after falling from the roof of a construction site. He reports abdominal and right-sided flank pain. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 114/min, and blood pressure is 100/68 mm Hg. Physical examination shows numerous ecchymoses over the tru... | C: Kidney |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old female medical professional who works for a non-governmental organization visits her primary care provider for a routine health check-up. She made a recent trip to Sub-Saharan Africa where she participated in a humanitarian medical project. Her medical history and physical examination are unremarkable. ... | D: Th1-mediated cytotoxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old newborn male delivered at 38 weeks' gestation is evaluated for poor feeding and irritability. His temperature is 35°C (95°F), pulse is 168/min, respirations are 80/min, and blood pressure is 60/30 mm Hg. Blood culture on sheep agar grows motile, gram-positive bacteria surrounded by a narrow clear zone. Fu... | C: Interferon-γ-induced macrophage activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of lower limb weakness for the past 2 days. She says she also hasn’t been able to urinate for that same period. There is no history of trauma, fever, weight loss, recent respiratory tract infection, or diarrhea. She has a past medical history ... | C: Intravenous methylprednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because he was found down on a city sidewalk. Upon presentation he is found to be disheveled with multiple poorly healed wounds on his hands and feet. He has had dozens of previous presentations for alcohol intoxication and is currently known to be homeless. Ph... | C: RNA polymerase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a history of fever and vomiting for 2 days and severe headache for a day. Past medical history is significant for migraine diagnosed 10 years ago, but she reports that her current headache is different. She describes the pain as generalized, dull, continuo... | B: CSF: WBC 8,500 cells/mm3, neutrophil predominant, protein 112 mg/dL, glucose 15 mg/dL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is being evaluated for an acquired defect of the myeloid stem cell line with a mutation in the PIG-A gene. His diagnosis was first suspected due to anemia and recurrent pink-tinged urine. Which of the markers will be negative in the flow cytometry test for his condition?? {'A': 'CD19', 'B': 'CD18', ... | D: CD55 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A team of epidemiologists is investigating an outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4. In Europe, multiple episodes of illness were reported in May 2017 within a large extended family of 16 family members, who all attended a family reunion in late April where they a... | A: 6/15 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 6 hours after rescuing babies and puppies from a burning daycare center. He says that he has a severe headache, feels nauseous and dizzy. He is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows pH 7.3, PaCO2 49 mmHg, PaO2 80 mmHg. Serum lactate level is 6 mmol/L. What bi... | B: Low pyruvate dehydrogenase activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis C cirrhosis complicated by esophageal varices, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy presents with 1 week of increasing abdominal discomfort. Currently, she takes lactulose, rifaximin, furosemide, and spironolactone. On physical examination, she has mild asterixis, genera... | D: Cefotaxime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for the evaluation of pubic hair development. She has a history of a fracture in each leg and one fracture in her right arm. Her performance at school is good. There is no family history of serious illness. She takes no medications. Vital signs are within n... | B: McCune-Albright syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man with aortic valve disease is admitted to the hospital for a 3-week history of progressively worsening fatigue, fever, and night sweats. He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Physical examination shows a systolic murmur and tender, erythematous nodul... | E: Viridans streptococci |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after being found unresponsive by her friends. The patient is an IV drug user and her friends came over and found her passed out in her room. The patient presented to the emergency department 2 days ago after being involved in a bar fight where she broke her no... | C: Removal of nasal packing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of diffuse muscle aches and pains. She states that she has trouble doing everyday tasks such as showering, cooking, and cleaning due to the pain. The patient has a past medical history of anxiety and bulimia nervosa and is currently not... | B: Dependent |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents with a history of lightheadedness, weakness, and palpitations when he assumes an upright position from a supine position. He is otherwise a healthy man without a history of alcohol or other substance abuse. His supine and standing blood pressures (measured at 3-minute intervals) were 124/82... | B: During late phase II, there is an increase in both blood pressure and heart rate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A tall, slender 32-year-old man comes to the emergency room because of sudden chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath. On physical examination, he has decreased breath sounds on the right. Chest radiography shows translucency on the right side of his chest. His pCO2 is elevated and pO2 is decreased. What is the mo... | E: Spontaneous pneumothorax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents with dyspnea on exertion. She reports that she used to work in her garden without any symptoms, but recently she started to note dyspnea and fatigue after working for 20–30 minutes. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 2 years ago but she does not take any medications preferring nat... | C: Enalapril and bisoprolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old woman with congestive heart failure is admitted to the hospital for evaluation prior to cardiac transplantation. During her stay at the hospital, the physician prescribes a drug to improve cardiac contractility. The drug works by selectively inhibiting an isoenzyme that is responsible for the degradatio... | C: Hypotension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to her physician because of fatigue. She has been coming to the office multiple times a month for various minor problems over the past six months. During the appointments, she insists on a first name basis and flirts with her physician. She always dresses very fashionably. When his assistant... | C: Histrionic personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of progressively worsening back pain that began about 2 months ago. It started as a dull pain that has now developed into a constant throbbing pain that makes falling asleep difficult. Ibuprofen and acetaminophen do not provide relief. The patient has not had an... | D: Local radiation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and swelling of the lower legs for 3 weeks. One year ago, he had an 85% stenosis in the left anterior descending artery, for which he received 2 stents. He was diagnosed with hepatitis C 5 years ago. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.... | C: Arterial hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of severe itching in the area of her genitals. She reports that the itching is most severe at night. She has been sexually active with three partners over the past year; she uses condoms for contraception. Her current sexual partner is experiencing... | A: Phthirus pubis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after he passed out in the hallway. On presentation, he is alert but confused about why he is in the hospital. He says that he remembers seeing flashes of light to his right while walking out of class but cannot recall what happened next. His next memory is be... | E: Starts in the left occipital lobe and then generalizes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A clinical study is performed to examine the effect of smoking on the development of pulmonary hypertension (PAH) in a sample of 40-year-old women. A group of 1,000 matched healthy subjects (500 controls; 500 smokers) were monitored for the development of (PAH) from enrollment to death. The data from the study are sh... | D: The lifetime absolute risk increase of developing PAH in female smokers is 3%. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia is brought to the emergency department by his wife for difficulty breathing after choking on food at dinner. He is unconscious and pulseless on arrival. Despite appropriate life-saving measures, he dies. Examination of the heart shows a necrotic, pal... | B: Abdominal aorta |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her father after he observed jerking movements of her arms and legs earlier in the day. She appears lethargic. Physical examination shows generalized hypotonia. The liver edge is palpable 3 cm below the right costophrenic angle. Her fingerstick glucose show... | C: Medium-chain triglycerides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male reports several years of asbestos exposure while working in the construction industry. He reports smoking 2 packs of cigarettes per day for over 20 years. Smoking and asbestos exposure increase the incidence of which of the following diseases?? {'A': 'Chronic bronchitis', 'B': 'Emphysema', 'C': 'Mu... | E: Bronchogenic carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents for a sports physical. She says he feels healthy and has no concerns. Past medical history is significant for depression and seasonal allergies. Current medications are fluoxetine and oral estrogen/progesterone contraceptive pills. Family history is significant for a sister with polycysti... | D: No cervical cancer screening is indicated at this time |
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