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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man undergoes uncomplicated laparascopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and is admitted to the surgical ward for postoperative management. On postoperative day 1, routine laboratory studies reveal an increase in serum creatinine to 1.46 mg/dL from 0.98 mg/dL before the operation; BUN is 37 mg/d... | B: Evaluate urinary catheter for obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old male presents to the emergency room following a gunshot wound to the leg. On arrival his temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 112/min, respirations are 21/min, and pulse oximetry is 99% on room air. Two large bore IVs are placed and he receives crystalloid fluid replaceme... | A: Preformed antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of fever and cough for one week. The mother reports that her son has muscle rigidity and difficulty breathing. He has also had a generalized skin rash for the past 4 days. His symptoms began shortly after returning from a trip to India. His immuni... | A: Decreased IFN-γ levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman with a history of emphysema has been referred by her pulmonologist for follow-up pulmonary function testing. During the test, the patient reaches a point where her airway pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. Which of the following is most likely to be found during this respiratory state?... | B: Pulmonary vascular resistance is at a minimum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after not being able to urinate for the past 12 hours. She also complains of a headache that is sharp in nature, 9/10, without radiation, and associated with nausea and vomiting. She neither smokes cigarettes nor drinks alcohol. She complains that her fingers... | D: Ramipril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month-history of worsening shortness of breath on exertion and bouts of coughing while sleeping. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current medications include lisinopril, simvastatin, and insulin. The patient appears tired but in... | B: Metoprolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of mild fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. She has no history of serious medical illness and takes no medications. Cardiopulmonary examination shows a mid-diastolic plopping sound heard best at the apex and bilateral rales at the base of th... | A: Increased IL-6 serum concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease has been brought to the emergency department due to the sudden onset of chest pain. He was diagnosed with hypertension 12 years ago and takes enalapril regularly. The patient is hypotensive to 70/42 mm Hg, and on further examination his skin is cold and clam... | E: I, II, IV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a severely painful right eye. The pain started an hour ago and is accompanied by frontal headache and nausea. The patient has vomited twice since the onset of the pain. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He immigrated to the US from China 10 years ago. He w... | C: Topical epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old male arrives to student health for an annual check up. He is up to date on his infant and childhood vaccinations up to age 10. At age 12, he received a single dose of the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine, and a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine. A month ago, he received th... | C: Human papilloma virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents due to severe shortness of breath that started 20 minutes ago. She has a history of asthma and her current treatment regime includes a beta-agonist inhaler as well as a medium-dose corticosteroid inhaler. Her mother tells the physician that her ... | A: Inhaled albuterol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Over the course of a year, 5 children with identical congenital heart defects were referred to a pediatric cardiac surgeon for evaluation. All 5 children had stable vital signs and were on appropriate medication. Upon review of medical records, all of them had a loud holosystolic murmur over the third intercostal spa... | C: A 2-year-old boy with a 2-mm supracristal defect, without heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or growth failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is presenting for a general wellness checkup. She is generally healthy and has no complaints. The patient does not smoke, drinks 1 alcoholic drink per day, and exercises 1 day per week. She recently had silicone breast implants placed 1 month ago. Her family history is notable for a heart attack i... | D: Mammography at age 50 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever, headache, and irritability. He shares a room with his 7-year-old brother, who does not have any symptoms. The patient appears weak and lethargic. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.4°F) and blood pressure is 99/60 mm Hg. Physica... | D: Rifampin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of epigastric pain. He has developed progressively worsening epigastric pain, heartburn, and nausea over the past five months. The pain does not change with meals and is not positional. He also reports that he is rarely hungry and has lost ten poun... | A: Nitrosamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 1-year-old daughter who has had several seizures in the past 2 weeks to the pediatrician. The mother explains that the child is unable to crawl, sit, or even hold up her own head. She thinks the weakness is getting worse. The parents of the child are first cousins, and the mother's sister had one ... | E: Cherry red spot |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe left flank pain radiating to the left groin and severe nausea. His condition started suddenly 3 hours earlier. His past medical history is significant for chronic migraine headaches and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He takes metformin and glyburide for hi... | D: Renal papillary necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man is evaluated by paramedics after being found unconscious outside of his home. He has no palpable pulses. Physical examination shows erythematous marks in a fern-leaf pattern on his lower extremities. An ECG shows ventricular fibrillation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patie... | A: Lightning strike |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old female presents to a counselor at the urging of her parents because they are concerned that she might be depressed. After recently breaking up with her long-term boyfriend, she moved back in with her parents because she could not handle making decisions alone. Soon after their breakup, she started going... | C: Dependent personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman delivers a healthy boy at 38 weeks gestation. The delivery is vaginal and uncomplicated. The pregnancy was unremarkable. On examination of the newborn, it is noted that his head is tilted to the left and his chin is rotated to the right. Palpation reveals no masses or infiltration in the neck. The... | E: Intrauterine malposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 30-year-old woman comes to the physician with her husband for preconception counseling. Her husband is healthy but she is concerned because her brother was recently diagnosed with a genetic liver condition for which he takes penicillamine. Her father-in-law has liver cirrhosis and a tremor. The results of g... | D: 25% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man who is a biology major presents to his physician for a simple check-up. He is informed that he hasn’t received a hepatitis B vaccine. When the first injection is applied, the medical professional informs him that he will need to come back 2 more times on assigned days, since the vaccine is given in ... | C: IgM |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with an abnormal vaginal discharge for the past week. She maintains a monogamous relationship but denies the use of barrier protection with her partner. She is 5 weeks late for her menstrual cycle. Subsequent testing demonstrates a positive pregnancy test. A wet mount demonstrates motile,... | C: Metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of pain and swelling in her hands and fingers. She states that she has had these symptoms since she was in her 20s, but they have recently become more severe. She states that her wedding ring no longer fits, due to increased swelling of her fi... | B: Administer indomethacin and methotrexate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy comes to the physician for the evaluation of progressive difficulty climbing stairs for the last 2 years. During this period, he has also had problems running and standing up from a seated position. He is at the 50th percentile for height and weight. Examination shows enlarged calf muscles bilateral... | B: Missense mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man is admitted to the hospital one hour after he was found unconscious. His pulse is 80/min and systolic blood pressure is 98 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure cannot be measured. He is intubated and mechanically ventilated with supplemental oxygen at a tidal volume of 450 mL and a respiratory rate of 10... | E: Pulmonary artery oxygen content |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of perianal pain during defecation and perineal heaviness for 1 month. He also complains of discharge around his anus, and bright red bleeding during defecation. The patient provides a history of having a sexual relationship with other men without using any met... | C: Anal cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old male retired farmer presents to the orthopaedic surgery clinic with chronic left knee pain. Radiographic imaging demonstrates severe tricompartmental osteoarthritis. The patient has a history of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and congestive heart failure. He und... | B: 0.002 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-man is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of memory loss. Three weeks ago, he had a cardiac arrest that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation and intravenous epinephrine. On mental status examination, he cannot recall objects shown to him 20 minutes earlier but vividly recalls memories fr... | D: Pyramidal cells of the hippocampus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because she had a positive pregnancy test at home. She reports feeling nauseated and has vomited several times over the past week. During this period, she has also had increased urinary frequency. She is sexually active with her boyfriend and they use condoms inconsistently.... | A: Reevaluation with cytology and colposcopy 6 weeks after birth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with retrosternal pain that started this evening. The patient states that her symptoms started as she was going to bed after taking her medications. She describes the pain as sudden in onset, worse with swallowing, and not associated with exertion. The patient ... | B: Esophagitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after a previous visit showed an elevated serum calcium level. He has a history of bipolar disorder. His mother had a parathyroidectomy in her 30s. The patient does not drink alcohol or smoke. Current medications include lithium and a daily multivit... | B: Abnormal calcium sensing receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to her physician with intermittent nausea for the past 2 months. Her symptoms are exacerbated within one hour after eating. She has no other history of a serious illness. She takes metformin and injects insulin. Her vitals are normal. Abdominal examination is... | C: Metoclopramide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought by his parents to his pediatrician with a one-day history of fever, chills, and pain in the right upper extremity. The patient’s mother says that he has injured his right index finger while playing in the garden 3 days earlier. His temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F), pulse is 120/min, respira... | B: Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents. He is complaining of left-sided knee pain which has progressively increased in severity over the past 2 days. It started when he was playing football with his brothers but he does not recall falling or getting any injury. Past medical history is ... | D: Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider after intermittently passing bright pink urine over several days. She is concerned this discoloration is due to blood. Her medical history is unremarkable, she denies being sick in the past weeks and has only taken a couple of diclofenac capsules for pelvic pa... | D: Renal biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of progressively worsening shortness of breath on exertion. He is concerned that he has asthma and would like to be started on albuterol. Which of the following findings is most likely to indicate a different diagnosis in this patient?? {'A': 'Bipy... | D: Decrease in FEV1 by 6% after administration of high-dose methacholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by the police after a motor vehicle accident. He was reportedly speeding in a residential area and collided with a tree. He was later found by police naked in the street, screaming "shoot me so the devil will leave". A review of his medical record is unremarkab... | D: Phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of progressive fatigue and intermittent diarrhea. During this time, he has had a 6-kg (13-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows pale conjunctivae. Abdominal examination shows tenderness to palpation in the lower quadrants. An image from a col... | C: Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of fatigue and increased thirst. She has no history of serious medical illness and takes no medications. She is 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) tall and weighs 72 kg (160 lb); BMI is 28 kg/m2. Her fasting serum glucose concentration is 249 mg/dL. Treatment wi... | E: Decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is conducting an experiment to study different pathways of glucose metabolism. He obtains cells cultured from various tissues to study the effect of increased extracellular glucose concentration. Following the incubation of these cells in 5% dextrose, he measures the intracellular fructose concentrati... | A: Ovary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician at 10 weeks' gestation because of progressive fatigue for the past 3 weeks. She reports that she has had a 3.2-kg (7-lb) weight loss after conceiving despite an increase in appetite. She has become increasingly anxious and has trouble falling asleep. There is no ... | C: Propylthiouracil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old unconscious man is brought to the emergency department. He was found unresponsive on the sidewalk in the snow. He is recognized by the staff as a local homeless man and IV drug user. Rapid warming procedures are initiated. At physical examination, he is dirty and disheveled and unrousable with a blood p... | B: Check liver enzymes regularly |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old male presents to the emergency department. He was brought in by police for shouting on a subway. The patient claims that little people were trying to kill him, and he was acting within his rights to defend himself. The patient has a past medical history of marijuana and IV drug use as well as multiple s... | E: Clozapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents to his primary care provider before leaving for college. He has no complaints. His past medical history is significant for asthma, acne vulgaris, and infectious mononucleosis at age 16. His home medications include doxycycline and albuterol as needed. His family history is significant for ... | A: Colonoscopy every 1-2 years beginning at age 25 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman with a long-standing history of liver cirrhosis presents to her primary care provider with a complaint of unintended weight loss of 8.2 kg (18.0 lb) within the last month. She has a history of intermittent right upper quadrant pain in her abdomen with decreased appetite for a few years and occasio... | D: History of blood transfusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old man presents to a physician’s office for a routine appointment. He had a myocardial infarction 3 years ago and was started on aspirin, carvedilol, captopril, and high-dose atorvastatin. He denies shortness of breath or cough. He exercises regularly and is on a healthy diet that is good for his heart. Th... | D: Ezetimibe |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of progressive fatigue, cough, shortness of breath, and a 6.6-kg (14.5-lb) weight loss. For the past week, he has had blood-tinged sputum. He is a retired demolition foreman. There is dullness to percussion and decreased breath sounds over the left... | B: Calretinin-positive polygonal cells with numerous long surface microvilli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents with acute-onset nausea and left flank pain. He says his symptoms suddenly started 10 hours ago and have not improved. He describes the pain as severe, colicky, intermittent, and localized to the left flank. The patient denies any fever, chills, or dysuria. His past medical history is signi... | B: Ureteroscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her parents because they are concerned about her mood. They say that she has “not been herself” since the death of her friend, who was killed 3 weeks ago when the fighter jet he piloted was shot down overseas. She says that since the incident, she feels sad and alone... | B: """I understand that the sudden loss of your friend has affected you deeply. Sometimes in situations like yours, people have thoughts that life is not worth living; have you had such thoughts?""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is rushed to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. After an initial evaluation, he is found to have bilateral femoral fractures. After surgical fixation of his fractures, he suddenly starts to feel nauseated and becomes agitated. Past medical history is significant for a thyro... | C: Decrease the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old medical student returns from a volunteer mission trip in Nicaragua with persistent cough and occasional hemoptysis for 3 weeks. A purified protein derivative test revealing a 20 mm wheal and a chest radiograph with hilar lymphadenopathy support a diagnosis of active tuberculosis. The patient is started ... | E: Vision changes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of being assaulted on the street. The patient claims that he has been followed by the government for quite some time and that he was assaulted by a government agent but was able to escape. He often hears voices telling him to hide. The pati... | C: It sounds like you have been going through some tough experiences lately. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old Caucasian female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents to your clinic with pleuritic chest pain that improves while leaning forward. Which of the following additional findings would you expect to observe in this patient?? {'A': 'Increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration', 'B': 'Exagge... | A: Increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician after a recent illness. For the past 48 hours the patient has experienced constant vomiting and diarrhea with a high fever. He is feeling better today and wants to be seen to ensure he is healthy. The patient has a past medical history of schizophrenia well con... | E: Volume depletion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting for 2 days. The abdominal pain is colicky and diffuse. The patient's last bowel movement was 3 days ago. She has had multiple episodes of upper abdominal pain that radiates to her scapulae and vomiting over the p... | A: Cholecystoenteric fistula |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of fatigue, irregular menstrual cycles, and recurrent sinus infections. Examination shows hirsutism and hypopigmented linear striations on the abdomen. Serum studies show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. A 24-hour urinary corti... | E: Small cell lung cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators is studying thermoregulatory adaptations of the human body. A subject is seated in a thermally insulated isolation chamber with an internal temperature of 48°C (118°F), a pressure of 1 atmosphere, and a relative humidity of 10%. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of heat loss in ... | A: Evaporation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman sees you in her office with a complaint of new-onset headaches over the past few weeks. On exam, you find a 2 x 2 cm dark, irregularly shaped, pigmented lesion on her back. She is concerned because her father recently passed away from skin cancer. What tissue type most directly gives rise to the l... | D: Neural crest cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man is brought to the emergency department following a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which he was a restrained passenger. He complains of pelvic pain and involuntary loss of urine, with constant dribbling. Examination shows perineal bruising and there is pain with manual compression of the pelvi... | A: Pelvic splanchnic nerves |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever with chills, nausea, myalgias, and malaise. One week ago, she returned from a trip to Rhode Island, where she participated in a month-long program to become an assistant park ranger. Laboratory studies show a leukocyte count of 1,400/mm3. ... | E: Binding of bacterial tRNA to the acceptor site of ribosomes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old Caucasian woman presents with a three-month history of weight loss, anxiety, and tremors. She recalls frequent heart palpitations and new discomfort while being outside in the heat. Her labs include a TSH level of 0.1 mIU/L. Additionally, the patient’s serum is positive for antibodies that stimulate the... | E: Stimulation of retroorbital fibroblasts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old Caucasian man presents with a one-month history of left flank fullness and pain. The patient has stable angina, which is controlled with medications including atorvastatin, metoprolol, and aspirin. His vital signs are within normal limits. BMI is 32 kg/m2. Clinical examination reveals a 10 x 10-cm palpa... | D: Obesity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two hours after undergoing laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, a 44-year-old man complains of pain in the site of surgery and nausea. He has vomited twice in the past hour. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Current medications include insulin, atorvastatin, hydrochlor... | D: Hypoxia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man presents with a headache, myalgias, nausea, irritability, and forgetfulness. He developed these symptoms gradually over the past 3 months. He is a motor mechanic, and he changed his place of work 4 months ago. He smokes a half a pack of cigarettes per day. His vaccinations are up to date. On present... | C: This patient’s symptoms are due to CO-induced inactivation of cytochrome oxidase and carboxyhemoglobin formation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department after she experienced dizziness and shortness of breath while walking with her friend. She recently immigrated to the United States and is unable to report her previous medical history. Physical exam reveals pallor underneath her eyelids. Labs are obtained w... | A: Administration of a 50S ribosomal inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the office for his annual physical examination. He has no current complaints. Past medical history is unremarkable. He reports a 30-pack-year smoking history but no alcohol or drug use. Review of systems is only remarkable for thicker mucous production that is worse in the morning when h... | D: Latent period |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of intermittent blurred vision and problems walking. The patient states that she often feels “pins and needles” in her legs that cause her problems when she’s walking. The patient is afebrile, and her vital signs are within normal limits. An autoimmune disorder is s... | D: Damaged myelin sheath and myelin-producing cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for a well-child examination. She is at the 55th percentile for height and the 40th percentile for weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. She is able to follow simple commands, such as “close your eyes, the... | A: Builds a tower of 6 cubes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old primigravida presents to her physician’s office at 12 weeks gestation complaining of increased sweating and palpitations for the last week. She does not have edema or dyspnea, and had no pre-existing illnesses. The patient says that the symptoms started a few days after several episodes of vomiting. She... | A: Ensure proper hydration and prescribe a beta-blocker |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of epigastric pain and a 9-kg (20-lb) weight loss. He feels full and bloated even after eating small portions of food. His hemoglobin concentration is 9.5 g/dL with a mean corpuscular volume of 78 μm3. Test of the stool for occult blood is positive... | C: Gland-forming cuboidal cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a growth on his penis that has been gradually increasing in size over the last year. He was diagnosed with HIV 10 years ago. He has been divorced for 25 years and has had “at least 30 sexual partners” since. Physical examination shows a nontender 2.5-cm ulcerated le... | A: Human papillomavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old G2P0A1 woman presents at 36 weeks of gestation for the first time during her pregnancy. The patient has no complaints, currently. However, her past medical history reveals seizure disorder, which is under control with valproic acid and lithium. She has not seen her neurologist during the past 2 years, i... | B: Neural tube defects (NTDs) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up visit after she had a PET scan that showed a nodule on the thyroid gland. She has no difficulty or pain while swallowing. She was treated for non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 28 years, which included external beam radiation to the head and neck and 4 cycles... | E: Total thyroidectomy " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman with a history of moderate persistent asthma presents to the emergency department with tachypnea, shortness of breath, and cough. She also mentions that she has recently started to notice red flecks in the sputum that she coughs up. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood press... | A: Emotional instability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fevers for 2 weeks. She works as a nurse and recently returned from a charity work trip to India, where she worked in a medically-underserved rural community. A tuberculin skin test 3 months ago prior to her trip showed an induration of 3 mm. Physical examination ... | C: Replication of bacteria within alveolar macrophages |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after being rescued from a house fire. On arrival, she appears confused and has shortness of breath. The patient is 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) tall and weighs 55 kg (121 lb); BMI is 20 kg/m2. Her pulse is 125/min, respirations are 29/min, and blood pressur... | A: Administer 6 liters of intravenous crystalloids over the next 24 hours |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Where does the only cranial nerve without a thalamic relay nucleus enter the skull?? {'A': 'Foramen rotundum', 'B': 'Jugular foramen', 'C': 'Internal auditory meatus', 'D': 'Superior orbital fissure', 'E': 'Cribriform plate'}, | E: Cribriform plate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old female comes to your office complaining of dry, scaling skin (FIgure A). She is particularly concerned about the appearance of her skin around her peers. She indicates that she did not start having problems until she was 5 years of age, after which her skin has progressively become drier and scalier. Sh... | A: Ichthyosis vulgaris |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her coworkers after a sudden onset of vision loss. She is a lawyer and lost 3 cases in the past week. Yesterday, she experienced weakness and paralysis of her left wrist. Past medical history is significant for acid reflux. Physical examination reveals 2/4... | E: Conversion disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old female recovering from a total shoulder arthroplasty completed 6 days ago presents complaining of joint pain in her repaired shoulder. Temperature is 39 degrees Celsius. Physical examination demonstrates erythema and significant tenderness around the incision site. Wound cultures reveal Gram-positive co... | D: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain for the past 24 hours. She has also noticed blood in her urine. She does not have any significant past medical history. Family history is significant for her mother having cholecystitis status post cholecystectomy at age 45. Her vital signs... | B: Distal convoluted tubule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old male is brought to the emergency department from a nursing home due to worsening mental status. His nurse reports that the patient has been very lethargic and sleeping more than usual for the past week. She found him confused and difficult to arouse this morning and decided to bring him to the ER. His p... | A: Carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old male presents for an annual exam. His past medical history is notable for shortness of breath when he sleeps, and upon exertion. Recently he has experienced dyspnea and lower extremity edema that seems to be worsening. Both of these symptoms have resolved since he was started on several medications and ... | D: Carvedilol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents to the physician for a pre-employment medical check-up. He has no symptoms and his past medical history is insignificant. He is a non-smoker. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), the heart rate is 76/min, the blood pressure is 124/82 mm Hg, and the respiratory rate is 16/min. His general and... | A: Thin-section computed tomography (CT) through the nodule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old Caucasian female presents to her primary care provider for skin problems and difficulty breathing. She has not sought medical care in over 10 years due to anxiety around physicians. However, she has experienced gradual onset of diffuse pruritus, skin induration, and limited finger mobility over the past... | E: Transforming growth factor beta |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother for evaluation of severe abdominal pain that began one hour ago. On examination, the patient is afebrile and has diffuse rebound tenderness with acute epigastric pain. A stool guaiac test is positive. A small bowel perforation is suspected. What is... | D: Vitelline duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of diarrhea. During this period, he has had about 10 bowel movements per day. He states that his stools are light brown and watery, with no blood or mucus. He also reports mild abdominal pain and nausea. Over the past year, he has had 6 episodes of ... | C: Elevated serum VIP concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a fever and a sore throat. He has had these symptoms for the past 2 weeks and has felt progressively more fatigued. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 120/68 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on r... | B: Monospot test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for an annual visit. She is currently sexually active with 3 men and reports the consistent use of condoms. She denies abnormal vaginal odor, discharge, or dysuria. A routine Pap test is performed, which shows atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-U... | D: Repeat cytology and HPV testing in 3 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because she has suddenly withdrawn from her close friends and has been displaying anger and hostility toward her friends at school, as well as toward her parents at home over the past month. She has also begun to skip classes and has been absent from school several times... | D: Referring the patient for confirmation of sexual abuse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of a cough and shortness of breath. He also noted several episodes of blood-tinged sputum over the last 4 days. He has a 3-month history of progressive fatigue. His temperature is 37.5°C (98.6°F), pulse is 86/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood ... | D: Perform plasmapheresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is conducting a phase 1 trial for a novel epoxide reductase inhibitor with favorable pharmacokinetic properties for cerebrovascular accident prophylaxis. Two days after the trial starts, a subject begins to notice pain and erythema over the right thigh. It rapidly progresses to a purpuric rash with th... | C: Increased factor VIII activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents to the physician’s office with an inability to maintain an erection. He can achieve an erection, but it is brief and decreases soon after the penetration. His erectile dysfunction developed gradually over the past 2 years. He denies decreased libido, depressed mood, or anhedonia. He does no... | B: Fasting serum glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Part of the success of the Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium lies in its ability to evade phagocytosis. Which of the following helps in this evasion?? {'A': 'M protein', 'B': 'Streptolysin O', 'C': 'Streptolysin S', 'D': 'Pyrogenic toxin', 'E': 'Streptokinase'}, | A: M protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of fatigue and hair loss. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 15 years. Her only medication is insulin. Her pulse is 59/min and blood pressure is 102/76 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dry skin... | B: Antimicrosomal antibodies in serum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency room with right flank pain. On physical examination, there is no rebound tenderness, guarding, and rigidity. The pain is radiating to the groin region and is associated with nausea. Plain X-ray of the kidney, ureter, and bladder is normal. Urinalysis showed the presence of ... | C: Uric acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research team is working on a new assay meant to increase the sensitivity of testing in cervical cancer. Current sensitivity is listed at 77%. If this research team’s latest work culminates in the following results (listed in the table), has the sensitivity improved, and, if so, then by what percentage? Research te... | C: Yes, the research team has seen an improvement in sensitivity of almost 7% according to the new results listed. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department accompanied by his parents with a swollen and painful right knee after he fell from his bicycle a few hours ago. The patient’s mother says he fell off the bike and struck the ground with his whole weight on his right knee. Immediately, his right knee swelled sign... | A: Hemophilia A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to the clinic regularly with her young daughter and complains that ever since her last delivery 5 years ago, she has been having intermittent light vaginal bleeding. She has seen several doctors so far and even some ‘specialist doctors.’ Her menstrual history also appears to be variable. ... | C: Factitious disorder with a primary gain |
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