instruction stringclasses 5
values | input stringlengths 10 4.2k | output stringlengths 1 7.16k |
|---|---|---|
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old male presents to the the clinic with lumbar pain and symmetrical bone pain in his legs and arms. He has trouble going up to his bedroom on the second floor and getting up from a chair. Past medical history reveals that he has had acid reflux for the past 5 years that is refractory to medications (PPIs &... | A: Bone mineralization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-month-old boy is referred to an immunologist with recurrent otitis media, bacterial sinus infections, and pneumonia, which began several months earlier. He is healthy now, but the recurrent nature of these infections are troubling to his parents and they are hoping to find a definitive cause. The boy was born at... | B: Flow cytometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents with a lump on his neck. He says the mass gradually onset 2 months ago and has been progressively enlarging. He denies any pain, weight loss, fevers, chills, or night sweats. Past medical history is significant for HIV, diagnosed 5 years ago, managed on a new HAART regimen he just started. ... | C: Mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for preventative care. He does not have any current complaint. His father died of diabetic nephropathy. Vital signs include a temperature of 36.7°C (98.06°F), blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg, and pulse of 90/min. His fasting blood glucose is 159 mg/dL (on 2 occa... | A: Basal-bolus insulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents because of excessive growth and a large tongue. His past medical-social history reveals that he is a product of non-consanguineous marriage to a 20-year-old primigravida. He was born at full term with a birth weight of 3.8 kg (8.4 lb) and length of 52 cm ... | B: Mutation in tumor suppressor gene on the short arm of chromosome 11 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A female neonate born to a 21-year-old G2P1 had jaundice at 8 hours of life. The neonate’s red blood cell type was A+, while the mother’s RBC type was O+. The mother’s anti-A antibody titer was elevated. A screen for a fetomaternal bleed was negative. The direct Coombs test was weakly positive. The infant’s hemoglobi... | B: ABO incompatibility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old G1P0 woman comes to her maternal and fetal medicine doctor at 15 weeks of gestation in order to be evaluated for fetal developmental abnormalities. Her family has a history of congenital disorders leading to difficulty walking so she was concerned about her child. Amniocentesis shows normal levels of al... | E: Tuft of hair or skin dimple on lower back |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of sharp, stabbing pain in the lower back that radiates to the back of his left leg. He also has had a loss of sensitivity around his buttocks and inner thighs as well as increased trouble urinating the last week. Two years ago, he was diagnosed wit... | E: Cauda equina syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of fatigue and generalized weakness for 4 months. Examination shows decreased muscle tone. Her fasting serum glucose concentration is 41 mg/dL. The physician suspects a defect in one of the enzymes involved in the carnitine shuttle. Increased serum c... | A: β-hydroxybutyrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for severe abdominal pain and confusion. He has a history of alcohol use disorder, with several previous admissions for intoxication. Twelve hours after admission, he has worsening shortness of breath. His temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations ar... | C: Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled congestive heart failure comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. At his previous visit 4 months ago, a new drug was added to his treatment regimen. He reports that his dyspnea and peripheral edema have improved. His pulse is 70/min and blood pressure i... | E: Cortical collecting duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old white female with a history of depression is brought to your office by her parents because they are concerned that she is acting differently. She is quiet and denies any changes in her personality or drug use. After the parents step out so that you can speak alone, she begins crying. She states that sch... | B: Explain to her that she will have to be hospitalized as she is an acute threat to herself |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to his primary care physician. He was brought in by his daughter as he has refused to see a physician for the past 10 years. The patient has been having worsening abdominal pain. He claims that it was mild initially but has gotten worse over the past week. The patient has been eating lots o... | E: Colon cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-month history of fatigue. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He had a transient ischemic attack 3 years ago. He drinks 3 beers a day, and sometimes a couple more on social occasions. He currently takes aspirin, simvastatin, hydrochlorothiazide, and metoprolol. His... | E: Acute myelogenous leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a car accident with pain in the middle of his chest and some shortness of breath. He has sustained injuries to his right arm and leg. He did not lose consciousness. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 110/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pre... | E: Transthoracic echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after having a 2-minute episode of violent, jerky movements of his right arm at school. He was sweating profusely during the episode and did not lose consciousness. He remembers having felt a chill down his spine before the episode. Following the episod... | E: Focal seizure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is conducting a study to identify potential risk factors for post-transplant hypertension. The investigator selects post-transplant patients with hypertension and gathers detailed information regarding their age, gender, preoperative blood pressure readings, and current medications. The results of the... | E: Case series |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency room with severe substernal chest pain associated with a 2-hour history of breathlessness and sweating. An electrocardiogram shows an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiac enzyme levels confirm a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The patient is rushed ... | B: Creatine kinase (CK)-MB |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old male newborn is brought to the physician because his mother has noticed that he tires easily and sweats while feeding. During the past week, she has noticed that his lips and nails turn blue while crying. He was born at 35 weeks' gestation and weighed 2100 g (4 lb 10 oz); he currently weighs 2300 g (5 lb... | B: Degree of right ventricular outflow obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician with a 1-day history of frothy brown urine. He says that he believes he had strep throat some weeks ago, but he was not treated with antibiotics as his parents were worried about him experiencing harmful side effects. His blood pressure is 148/96 mm Hg, heart rate is 84/... | B: Once a patient is infected with a nephritogenic strain of group A streptococcus, the development of PSGN cannot be prevented. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of yellowish discoloration of his eyes and skin for 5 days. He has had generalized fatigue and mild shortness of breath over the past 2 months. Two weeks ago, he was treated for a urinary tract infection with antibiotics. His father has a history of undergoing a sp... | C: Defective spectrin in the RBC membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is transferred to the intensive care unit after a motorcycle accident. He does not open his eyes with painful stimuli. He makes no sounds. He assumes decerebrate posture with sternal rub. His right eye is abnormally positioned downward and outward and has a dilated pupil which is not responsive to l... | B: Downward and outward gaze with ptosis and a responsive pupil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician for the evaluation of a 1-month history of episodes of irritability and occasional vomiting. The parents report that she has been drowsy during much of the day and has not engaged in her usual activities during this period. She was born at term and has been healthy. She i... | E: Cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of persistent sadness and difficulty concentrating for the past 6 weeks. During this period, he has also had difficulty sleeping. He adds that he has been “feeling down” most of the time since his girlfriend broke up with him 4 years ago. Since then, he has only had a ... | D: Persistent depressive disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to his general practitioner for a regular checkup. He has had trouble breathing lately with coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Problems first started when he went running (outside), but he is also observing the problems when taking a light walk or resting. As a child, he suffered fro... | C: Type I hypersensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 35-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department after being found unresponsive by her husband. Her husband finds an empty bottle of diazepam tablets in her pocket. She is stuporous. At the hospital, her blood pressure is 90/40 mm Hg, the pulse is 58/min, and the respirations are 6/min.... | A: Daily evaluation for ventilator weaning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increased difficulty hearing. She has also had dull and progressive pain in her hip and lower back for the past 2 months that is worse with exertion. Examination of the ears shows impaired hearing on the left with whispered voice test and lateralization to the rig... | D: Increased rate of bone remodeling |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman calls her gynecologist complaining of vaginal odor and vaginal discharge. She had an intrauterine device placed last year and does not use condoms with her boyfriend. She has a past medical history of constipation and depression. She recently was successfully treated for a urinary tract infection ... | A: Anaerobic bacteria overgrowth within the vagina |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to his primary care provider because of chest pain for the past 3 weeks. The chest pain occurs after climbing more than 2 flight of stairs or walking for more than 10 minutes and resolves with rest. He is obese, has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has smoked 15-20 cigarettes a da... | D: Fixed, atherosclerotic coronary stenosis (> 70%) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after sustaining multiple lacerations during a bar fight. The patient’s wife says that he has been showing worsening aggression and has been involved in a lot of arguments and fights for the past 2 years. The patient has no significant past medical or psychiatr... | A: Caudate nucleus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of a 3-day history of face and foot swelling, dark urine, and a rash on her hands and feet. The mother reports that her daughter has had a low-grade fever, shortness of breath, and a dry cough for the past 8 days. She has had generalized weakness and... | A: Infective endocarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36 year-old woman presents to the doctor’s office for evaluation of substernal chest pain and a metallic taste in her mouth. The patient has a history of metabolic syndrome and hypothyroidism. She takes levothyroxine daily. The patient’s vital signs are currently stable. On examination, she appears to be in mild di... | A: Omeprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents with painful urination and malodorous urethral discharge. She states she has a single sexual partner and uses condoms for contraception. The patient's blood pressure is 115/80 mm Hg, the heart rate is 73/min, the respiratory rate is 14/min, and the temperature is 36.6℃ (97.9℉). Physical e... | B: Explain to the patient that gonorrhea is a mandatory reported disease. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying a protein that is present on the plasma membrane of cells. He therefore purifies the protein in a lipid bilayer and subjects it to a number of conditions. His investigations show that the protein has the following properties: 1) It is able to change ion concentrations across the membrane witho... | C: Mediating neuronal to muscle end plate communication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old Caucasian man is given nitroglycerin for the management of his stable angina. Nitroglycerin given for the rapid relief of acute angina would most likely be given through what route of administration?? {'A': 'Oral', 'B': 'Sublingual', 'C': 'Intramuscular injection', 'D': 'Intravenous injection', 'E': 'Su... | B: Sublingual |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department by ambulance with palpitations, lightheadedness, and generalized weakness. He was enjoying the long weekend with his friends at a prolonged destination bachelor’s party over the last several days. They all drank a great deal of alcohol. He can’t quite recal... | E: Left atrial appendage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G3P0 is admitted to the hospital with profuse vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain at 34 weeks gestation. She reports passing bright blood with clots and no water in the discharge. She denies recent trauma or medical illnesses. She had no prenatal care. Her previous pregnancies culminated in spontaneous ... | C: Abrupt constriction of maternal and placental vessels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman presents to a surgical oncologist for consideration of surgical removal of biopsy-confirmed breast cancer. The mass is located in the tail of Spence along the superolateral aspect of the left breast extending into the axilla. The surgical oncologist determines that the optimal treatment for this p... | B: Scapular protrusion while pressing against a wall |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents with slightly yellow discoloration of her skin and eyes. She says she has had multiple episodes with similar symptoms before. She denies any recent history of nausea, fatigue, fever, or change in bowel/bladder habits. No significant past medical history. The patient is afebrile and vital ... | E: Gilbert syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old African American female presents to her breast surgeon for a six-month follow-up visit after undergoing a modified radical mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. She reports that she feels well and her pain has been well controlled with ibuprofen. However, she is frustrated that he... | C: Type III collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of lower abdominal pain for 4 hours. She has had vaginal spotting for 2 days. Menses occur at irregular 20- to 45-day intervals and last for 3 to 7 days. Her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. She was treated for pelvic inflammatory disease at the age ... | A: Interstitial pregnancy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy, 16-year-old girl is brought in by her mother for a wellness visit. During the appointment, the patient’s mother brings up concerns about her daughter’s acne. The patient has had acne for 2 years. She washes her face twice a day with benzoyl peroxide and has been on doxycycline for 2 months with only mild i... | A: Ask the mother to leave the room before talking to the patient about her sexual activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old medical student presents to the clinic with a very painful lesion on her lower lip, as shown in the photograph below. She admits that she applied polymyxin ointment to the lesion without improvement. A few months ago, she used the same antibiotic ointment to treat an infected cut on her arm. At that tim... | A: Organism has no cell membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old male presents to a psychiatrist for the first time, explaining that he is tired of living his 'double life.' At church, he preaches vehemently against the sin of drinking alcohol, but at home he gets drunk every night. Which of the following ego defenses best explains his behavior?? {'A': 'Acting out', ... | D: Reaction formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for observation because of a headache, dizziness, and nausea that started earlier in the day while he was working. He moves supplies for a refrigeration company and was handling a barrel of carbon tetrachloride before the symptoms began. He was not wearing a mask. One day... | E: Lipid peroxidation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old college student presents to the emergency room complaining of insomnia for the past 48 hours. He explains that although his body feels tired, he is "full of energy and focus" after taking a certain drug an hour ago. He now wants to sleep because he is having hallucinations. His vital signs are T 100.0 F... | A: Increases presynaptic dopamine and norepinephrine releases from vesicles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You submit a paper to a prestigious journal about the effects of coffee consumption on mesothelioma risk. The first reviewer lauds your clinical and scientific acumen, but expresses concern that your study does not have adequate statistical power. Statistical power refers to which of the following?? {'A': 'The probab... | B: The probability of detecting an association when an association does exist. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old African American man presents with fever, abdominal pain, and severe weakness since yesterday. On physical examination, the patient is jaundiced and shows a generalized pallor. Past medical history is significant for recently receiving anti-malaria prophylaxis before visiting Nigeria. Laboratory tests s... | E: Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital because of swelling and redness of the left leg for 3 days. He has chills and malaise. He is treated with intravenous clindamycin for 7 days. On the 8th day at the hospital, he has profuse, foul-smelling, and watery diarrhea.... | C: Oral fidaxomicin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 10-day history of vaginal bleeding. The flow is heavy with the passage of clots. Since menarche 1 year ago, menses have occurred at irregular 26- to 32-day intervals and last 3 to 6 days. Her last menstrual period was 4 weeks ago. She has no history of serio... | E: Conjugated estrogen therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the structural integrity of collagen. Human fibroblasts are cultured on a medium and different enzymes are applied. One of the cultures is supplemented with an enzyme that inhibits the formation of hydrogen and disulfide bonds between collagen α-chains. Which of the following processes is ... | A: Bone matrix synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old African American is exposed to pollen while playing outside. The allergen stimulates TH2 cells of his immune system to secrete a factor that leads to B-cell class switching to IgE. What factor is secreted by the TH2 cell?? {'A': 'IFN-gamma', 'B': 'IL-4', 'C': 'IL-17', 'D': 'TGF-beta', 'E': 'IL-22'}, | B: IL-4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 5-day history of yellowing of his eyes and skin. He has had generalized fatigue and mild shortness of breath over the past 2 months. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and scleral jaundice. The spleen is palpated 4 cm below the left costal margin. Laboratory ... | D: Work hypertrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of chest pain and cough with rust-colored sputum. The chest pain is sharp, stabbing, and exacerbated by coughing. Ten days ago, she had a sore throat and a runny nose. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at the age of 40 years and uses a whee... | C: Pulmonary embolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents due to recurrent episodes of wheezing for the last 2 years. He uses a salbutamol inhaler for relief from wheezing, but his symptoms have recently worsened. He often coughs during the night, which awakens him from sleep almost every other day. He is not a... | D: Hoarseness of voice |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old male accountant is brought to the physician by his wife. She complains of her husband talking strangely for the past 6 months. She has taken him to multiple physicians during this time, but her husband did not comply with their treatment. She says he keeps things to himself, stays alone, and rarely spen... | D: Patient has disorganized thinking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of painless swelling in his left foot for 4 months. The swelling was initially accompanied by redness, which has since resolved. He has not had fever or chills. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has had 3 sexu... | E: Diabetic arthropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A critical care fellow is interested in whether the auscultatory finding of pulmonary rales can accurately predict hypervolemic state. He conducts a study in 100 patients with volume overloaded state confirmed by a Swan Ganz catheter in his hospital's cardiac critical care unit. He also recruits 100 patients with euv... | C: 80/130 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the efficacy of preventative measures to reduce pesticide poisonings among Central American farmers. The investigator evaluates the effect of a ban on aldicarb, an especially neurotoxic pesticide of the carbamate class. The ban aims to reduce pesticide poisonings attributable to carbamates... | A: 0.04 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of double vision that began this morning. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 40 years. His current medications include lisinopril, metformin, and insulin. Physical examination shows the right eye is abducte... | C: Upper eyelid droop on the right eye |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman returns to her physician for a follow-up on the anemia that was detected last month. She received treatment for a nasopharyngeal infection 2 weeks ago. She was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer 2 years ago and was treated with combination chemotherapy. She was a 30-pack-year smoker and quit wh... | A: Chemotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of anxiety, difficulty falling asleep, heat intolerance, and a 6-kg (13.2-lb) weight loss. The patient's nephew, who is studying medicine, mentioned that her symptoms might be caused by a condition that is due to somatic activating mutations of t... | A: Nonpitting edema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician primarily complaining of a tremor. He said that his symptoms began approximately 1 month ago, when his wife noticed his right hand making "abnormal movements" while watching television. His tremor worsens when he is distracted and improves with purposeful actio... | B: Carbidopa-levodopa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Immediately after undergoing a right total knee replacement, a 69-year-old woman has severe abdominal pain, non-bloody emesis, and confusion. She has a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis that is well-controlled with levothyroxine and hyperlipidemia that is controlled by diet. She underwent bunion removal surgery from h... | A: High-dose hydrocortisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old presents to the primary care physician because he has noticed an increase in the size of his breast tissue over the past 3 years. He states that he is significantly taller than his entire class at school although he feels increasingly weak and uncoordinated. He performs at the bottom of his grade level ... | A: 47, XXY |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increased urinary frequency over the past month. She also reports having dry mouth and feeling thirsty all the time despite drinking several liters of water per day. She has not had any weight changes and her appetite is normal. She has a history of obsessive comp... | D: Primary polydipsia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of tingling and weakness in her left arm for the past 2 days. An image of the brachial plexus is shown. Nerve conduction study shows decreased transmission of electrical impulses in the labeled structure. Physical examination is most likely to show impairment of whic... | A: Extension of the wrist and fingers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with respiratory distress, fever, and a productive cough. Past medical history is significant for a history of recurrent bronchopneumonia since the age of 5, managed conservatively with antibiotics and mucolytic therapy. The patient’s weight was normal at birth... | C: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of a right-sided scrotal swelling for the past 2 months. The swelling is intermittent and appears usually after the patient has been taken outdoors in a baby carrier, and disappears the next morning. The patient was born at term without complications and has been ... | A: Reassurance and follow-up |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man is brought by ambulance to the emergency room after being a passenger in a motor vehicle accident. An empty bottle of whiskey was found in his front seat, and the patient admits to having been drinking all night. He has multiple lacerations and bruising on his face and scalp and a supportive cervica... | B: Explain to him that he is intoxicated and cannot make health care decisions, continue as planned |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn girl is rushed to the neonatal ICU after an emergency cesarean section due to unstable vital signs after delivery. The pregnancy was complicated due to oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia. Gestation was at 38 weeks. APGAR scores were 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. The newborn’s temperature is... | C: Portal hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy presents to the emergency department for evaluation of an ‘infected leg’. The patient states that his right shin is red, swollen, hot, and very painful. The body temperature is 39.5°C (103.2°F). The patient states there is no history of trauma but states he has a history of poorly managed sickle cel... | C: S. aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician because of 1 week of progressive left anterior knee pain. The pain is worse after sitting for a prolonged period of time and while ascending stairs. She first noticed the pain the day after a basketball game. She has often taken painful blows to the side of the knees while p... | A: Patellofemoral pain syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old male with past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus complicated by end stage renal disease on dialysis presents to his nephrologist for a follow-up appointment. A few weeks ago, the patient saw his nephrologist because he had been feeling tired despite efforts to get en... | B: Low MCV, increased RDW, decreased ferritin, decreased transferrin saturation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old Caucasian female presents to her primary care provider for pruritus and shortness of breath. Over the past year, she has experienced mild progressive diffuse pruritus. She also reports that her skin seems "hard" and that it has been harder to move her fingers freely. She initially attributed her symptom... | B: Anti-DNA topoisomerase I |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effects of hyperphosphatemia on calcium homeostasis. A high-dose phosphate infusion is administered intravenously to a healthy subject over the course of 3 hours. Which of the following sets of changes is most likely to occur in response to the infusion? $$$ Serum parathyroid hormone %... | C: ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for a severe, left-sided headache and neck pain that started 24 hours after she completed a half-marathon. Shortly after the headache started, she also had weakness of her right upper extremity and sudden loss of vision in her left eye, which both subsided on... | D: Heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother for amenorrhea. The patient has never had a menstrual cycle and is worried as all her friends “have started to go through puberty.” She has been otherwise healthy with an uncomplicated birth history. “I told her not to worry since I also got my period late,” h... | E: Low levels of androstenedione |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old newborn male is brought to the physician because of increasing yellowing of his eyes and skin for 2 weeks. The mother has noticed that his stools have been paler than usual for the past week. He is exclusively formula fed, and feeds every 4 hours with a strong sucking reflux. The patient was delivered va... | C: Early liver cirrhosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes into the urgent care clinic with an intensely itchy rash on the bilateral mid-lower extremities, with a fine linear demarcation approximately an inch above his socks. The rash is arranged in streaks of erythema with superimposed vesicular lesions. The patient states that he recently began hiki... | D: Type IV–cell-mediated (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is evaluated as a potential kidney donor for his father. His medical history is significant only for mild recurrent infections as a child. He subsequently undergoes a donor nephrectomy that is complicated by unexpected blood loss. During resuscitation, he is transfused with 4 units of O negative pac... | A: Impaired production of secretory immunoglobulins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man presents to the emergency department after 2 separate episodes of loss of consciousness. The first episode occurred 1 year ago while he was running in gym class. Witnesses reported clenching and shaking of both hands after he had fallen. On getting up quickly, he felt lightheaded, nauseated, and swe... | A: Head-up tilt-table test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old gravida 1 is admitted to the hospital after a tonic-clonic seizure at 37 weeks gestation. At the time of presentation, she complains of a severe headache, double vision, and nausea. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure, 165/90 mm Hg; heart rate, 91/min; respiratory rate, 9/min; and temperature... | C: Regions of hyperdensity in the left pons |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after being found in a confused state on an interstate rest area in Florida. She is unable to recall her name, address, or any other information regarding her person. She denies being the woman on a Connecticut driver's license found in her wallet. A telephon... | D: Dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One week ago, an oral glucose tolerance screening test showed elevated serum glucose levels. She has complied with the recommended diet and lifestyle modifications. Over the past week, home blood glucose... | B: Binding of tyrosine kinase receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician for decreased vision and worsening headaches since this morning. She has hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Pulse is 119/min and irregular. Current medications include ramipril and atorvastatin. Ocular and funduscopic examination shows no abnormalities. The findings of v... | C: Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Several years after a teenage boy and his younger brother witnessed a gang related murder, they both decided to come forward and report it to authorities. The older brother describes the horrific decapitation of the gang member without displaying any emotion; but when the younger brother was asked about the crime, he... | A: Isolation of affect; Repression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man from Southern California presents with progressive chest pain, non-productive cough, and shortness of breath for the past 24 hours. He denies any similar symptoms in the past. He denies any family history of cardiac disease, recent travel, or exposure to sick contacts. His temperature is 38.5°C (101... | C: Infective endocarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with a recent history of frequent falls. The images below depict his movements when he tries to get up from the floor. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?? {'A': 'Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'B': 'Lambert-Eaton syndrome', 'C': 'Guillain-Barré syndrome', 'D'... | A: Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old adolescent is brought to the physician by her parents. She is concerned that she has not started menstruating yet. She is also self-conscious because her chest has not yet developed and all of her friends are taller and much more developed. Past medical history is noncontributory. Her mother started men... | E: Turner syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old female presents with recent onset of painful urination, fever, and right flank pain. Urinary sediment analysis is positive for the presence of white blood cell casts and Gram-negative bacteria. She has not recently started any new medications. What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?? {'A': 'P... | C: Pyelonephritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old right-handed woman is brought in by ambulance after being found down in her home. On presentation, she is found to be awake but does not follow directions or respond to questions. She is able to speak and produces a fluent string of nonsensical words and sounds. She does not appear to be bothered by he... | D: Superior temporal gyrus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old Hispanic male was admitted to the hospital for pain in his left thigh that has increased in severity over the past several months to the point that he can no longer walk. His mother explained that he had the pain about a year ago that resolved spontaneously. She also explained that he has had nose bleeds... | B: Phenylketonuria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman comes to the physician for follow-up care. One year ago, she was diagnosed with a 3.8-cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm found incidentally on abdominal ultrasound. She has no complaints. She has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and COPD. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopr... | B: Elective endovascular aneurysm repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to his family practitioner with his wife. He has fallen several times over the past 3 months. Standing up from a seated position is especially difficult for him. He also complains of intermittent dizziness, excessive sweating, constipation, and difficulty performing activities of daily livi... | C: Shy-Drager syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old G4P4031 Caucasian woman presents to the emergency department approx. 10–12 hours after home delivery of a 2.8 kg (6.3 lb) boy. Her last menstrual period is estimated to be around 8 months ago. She had no prenatal care but is well-known to the obstetrics department for multiple miscarriages over the last... | D: Pulmonic valvular stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the clinic concerned about his health after his elder brother recently became bed-bound due to a brain condition. He has also brought a head CT scan of his brother to reference, as shown in the picture. The patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and hyperchol... | A: Blood pressure control |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician for his routine health maintenance examination. He was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 4 years ago. His medical history is otherwise unremarkable. He takes no medications other than daily metformin. He has consumed a can of beer every night for the past 10 years. His blood pr... | E: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man presents for his annual physical exam. The physician fails to palpate a ductus deferens on the left side. An ultrasound confirms absence of the left ductus deferens and further reveals absence of the left epididymis, seminal vesicle, and kidney. Spermogram and reproductive hormones panel are within ... | E: Mesonephros and cloaca |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is investigating compounds that modulate the cell cycle as possible chemotherapeutic agents against peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The researcher discovers a group of natural compounds with inhibitory activity against histone deacetylases, a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from the lysine residue... | B: Relaxation of DNA coiling |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.