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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of scrotal swelling. He is a college student and plays basketball with his friends regularly. Two days ago, he sustained an injury close to his thigh. He does not have any significant past medical history. Today, his vitals are normal. A focused scro... | B: Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy presents to his primary care physician for a general checkup. The patient has been feeling poorly for the past several weeks and has been losing weight. He states that he often feels weak and too tired to play with his friends. He is no longer interested in many recreational activities he used to be ... | E: TdT positive cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency room with dyspnea which began after swimming and progressed gradually over the last 3 days. She denies cough, chest pain, or other respiratory symptoms. She reports that for the past 4 months, she has had several dyspneic episodes that occurred after the exercising and... | D: PaCO2 = 51 mm Hg, PaO2 = 58 mm Hg |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because of pain on urination, urinary urgency, and urinary frequency for 4 days. This is the third time for her to have these symptoms over the past 7 months. She was recently treated for candidal intertrigo. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 36.7°C (98.0°F... | D: Repeating the A1c test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician with his parents. He fully vaccinated and met most developmental milestones. His fine motor milestones are delayed; at present, he cannot eat by himself and has difficulty in self-dressing. His intelligence quotient (IQ) is 65. He listens quietly while spoken to and engag... | D: Intellectual disability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department after 8 hours of left sided flank pain that radiates to her groin and pelvic pain while urinating. Her medical history is relevant for multiple episodes of urinary tract infections, some requiring hospitalization, and intravenous antibiotics. In the hospital, h... | B: Renal ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man from India visits his physician complaining of worsening respiratory symptoms. He states that he was diagnosed with emphysema 4 years ago and that, over the past several months, he has developed a chronic productive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, and night sweats. He notes that he... | A: Urine histoplasma antigen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care physician for not feeling well. She states she has had a cough for the past week. In addition, she also has abdominal pain and trouble focusing that has been worsening. She states that she has also lost 5 pounds recently and that her gastroesophageal r... | A: Increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fast breathing, and difficulty feeding for 2 days. His mother reports that he has had recurrent pneumonia and has been hospitalized for severe dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infection three times in the past... | E: IL-2 receptor gamma chain defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman who was diagnosed with cancer 2 months ago presents to her oncologist with a 6-day history of numbness and tingling in her hands and feet. She is concerned that these symptoms may be related to progression of her cancer even though she has been faithfully following her chemotherapy regimen. She is... | D: Inhibit microtubule formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old female comes to the physician because of flu-like symptoms and a new rash for 2 days. She denies contacts with sick individuals or recent travel abroad, but recently went camping in Vermont. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the lateral right thigh shows a circular red ring with centr... | B: Mouse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female presents to her gynecologist complaining of heavy and irregular vaginal bleeding. One month ago, she underwent a dilation and curettage procedure to remove a hydatidiform mole. On examination, her uterus appears enlarged. Serum ß-hCG is highly elevated. Biopsy of her uterus reveals avillous proli... | C: Pulmonary fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A day after percutaneous coronary intervention for stable angina, a 63-year-old woman develops severe pain in her right small toe. She has no history of a similar episode. She has had diabetes mellitus for 16 years. After the procedure, her blood pressure is 145/90 mm Hg, the pulse is 65/min, the respiratory rate is ... | A: Atheroembolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old female with a bacterial infection is prescribed a drug that binds the dipeptide D-Ala-D-Ala. Which of the following drugs was this patient prescribed?? {'A': 'Penicillin', 'B': 'Chloramphenicol', 'C': 'Nalidixic acid', 'D': 'Vancomycin', 'E': 'Polymyxin B'}, | D: Vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old male with a history of chronic alcoholism recently received a liver transplant. Two weeks following the transplant, the patient presents with a skin rash and frequent episodes of bloody diarrhea. A colonoscopy is performed and biopsy reveals apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. What is most likely med... | A: Donor T-cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old woman presents to the ophthalmologist with complaints of painless, blurry vision that has worsened in the past year. She says that she sees halos around lights, and that she particularly has trouble driving at night because of the glare from headlights. On physical exam, the patient has an absence of a ... | C: Hardening of the lens |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the emergency room for a persistent painful erection for the last 4 hours. Three weeks ago, he had a deep vein thrombosis following a 13-hour flight. He also has a history of sickle cell trait, gastroesophageal reflux disease, major depressive disorder, and hypertension. He has smoked 1 pac... | C: Trazodone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A microbiology student was given a swab containing an unknown bacteria taken from the wound of a soldier and asked to identify the causative agent. She determined that the bacteria was a gram-positive, spore-forming bacili, but had difficulty narrowing it down to the specific bacteria. The next test she performed was... | A: Alpha toxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old male presents to trauma surgery clinic after undergoing an exploratory laparotomy, femoral intramedullary nail, and femoral artery vascular repair 3 months ago. He suffered multiple gunshot wounds as a victim of a drive-by shooting. He is progressing well with well-healed surgical incisions on examinati... | C: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are conducting a study comparing the efficacy of two different statin medications. Two groups are placed on different statin medications, statin A and statin B. Baseline LDL levels are drawn for each group and are subsequently measured every 3 months for 1 year. Average baseline LDL levels for each group were ide... | B: There is a 5% chance of observing a difference in reduction of LDL of 11 mg/dL or greater even if the two medications have identical effects |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman is brought to the the ED via ambulance for sudden onset of blindness. Her past medical history is significant only for smoking, and her only home medication is oral contraception pills. The patient is remarkably calm. On exam, her temperature is 98.2 deg F (36.8 deg C), and pulse is 95/min, blood ... | C: Conversion disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old diabetic man with cellulitis of the right lower limb presents to the emergency department because of symptoms of fever and chills. His pulse is 122/min, the blood pressure is 76/50 mm Hg, the respirations are 26/min, and the temperature is 40.0°C (104.0°F). His urine output is < 0.5mL/kg/h. He has warm ... | D: WBC count: 16,670/mm3; low CVP; blood culture: gram-negative bacteremia; blood lactate level: 2.2 mmol/L |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man with hypertension and congestive heart failure is brought to the emergency department because of a 9-day history of worsening shortness of breath and swelling of his legs. His respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 160/98 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on 5 L O2 via nasal cannula shows an oxygen satu... | A: Pulmonary endothelium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents for the evaluation of infertility. He has a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, productive cough, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Physical examination reveals clubbing and bilateral crackles on chest auscultation. Chest X-ray reveals increased pulmonary markings and perip... | C: Defective chloride transport |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the physician for evaluation of poor feeding and recurrent episodes of facial grimacing. He was delivered at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. He is at the 3rd percentile for length and 5th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows yellow discoloration of skin, a br... | C: Absence of peroxisomes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a 3 day history of pain with urination. She says that this pain has been accompanied by abdominal pain as well as a feeling like she always needs to use the restroom. She has no past medical history and no family history that she can recall. She is curre... | D: Coagulase negative and novobiocin resistant |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She was born at term and has been healthy since. She can climb up and down the stairs and can pedal a tricycle. She has difficulty using a spoon to feed herself but can copy a line. She speaks in 2- to 3-word sentences that can be understood ... | C: Fine motor: Delayed | Gross motor: Normal | Language: Normal | Social skills: Delayed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fever and abdominal pain. She says that the pain is located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and feels crampy in nature. The pain has been associated with bloody diarrhea and joint tenderness. She has no past medical history but... | D: Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents with a 2-week history of night sweats, cough, and a fever. Past medical history includes HIV infection diagnosed 10 years ago, managed with HAART. He says he hasn’t been compliant with his HAART therapy as prescribed because it is too expensive and he is currently unemployed without insuran... | C: M. tuberculosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Research is being conducted on embryoblasts. The exact date of fertilization is unknown. There is the presence of a cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, marking the time when implantation into the uterus would normally occur. Within the embryoblast, columnar and cuboidal cells are separated by a membrane. Which o... | C: Hypoblast |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of right-sided weakness and subjective decreased sensation that started 30 minutes ago. The patient reports that his symptoms started to ease 5 minutes after onset and have now completely resolved. He has hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabete... | C: Antiplatelet therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl with no significant past medical, surgical, social, or family history presents to urgent care for a new itchy rash on the fingers of her right hand. When questioned, the patient notes that she recently received a pair of beloved silver rings from her aunt as a birthday present. She denies any histor... | D: Nickel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying a drug that acts on the thyroid hormone pathway. Levels of serum free T3 and T4 in healthy participants are measured before and after administration of the drug. After administration, there is a decrease in the average serum free T3 level, while the average serum free T4 level is increased... | E: Peripheral 5'-deiodinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department for sudden-onset slurring of speech and weakness of her right arm and leg. She has a mild intellectual disability. She is at the 10th percentile for weight and at the 85th percentile for height. Physical examination shows bilateral inferonasal subluxation of th... | D: Supplementation of vitamin B6 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old G1P0 woman presents to the emergency department with regular and painful contractions that occur every 3 minutes. She was at home cooking dinner when she experienced a deluge of clear fluid between her legs followed by painful contractions. The patient has a past medical history of obesity. Her pregnanc... | B: Discontinue current drug infusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with mild chest pressure that does not radiate to her left arm or jaw. These episodes have been ongoing several times over the last 24 hours. Her medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type II and HTN for which she takes metformin and lisinopril. ... | B: AV node |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after the sudden onset of severe pain in the middle of his chest. He describes the pain as tearing in quality; it radiates to his jaw. He has hypertension. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the 25 years. Current medications include enala... | A: Truncus arteriosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A tall, 25-year-old man is brought to the ED by his friend after sudden difficulty breathing while smoking a cigarette. In the trauma bay he is tachypneic, but able to talk to you. Vital signs show that he is afebrile and tachycardic with blood pressure of 115/60. Physical exam reveals hyperresonance and absent breat... | D: Spontaneous pneumothorax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman makes an appointment with a dermatologist for treatment of acne. As a result, she feels uncomfortable in public and feels as though everyone is looking at the pimples on her face. She cleans her face several times a day with face wash and avoids using make-up. She has tried many face creams and sc... | B: Oral contraceptives |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of environmental health scientists recently performed a nationwide cross-sectional study that investigated the risk of head and neck cancers in patients with a history of cigar and pipe smoking. In collaboration with three teams of epidemiologists that have each conducted similar cross-sectional studies in th... | D: The likelihood of type II errors is decreased. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She was born at 32 weeks' gestation and weighed 1616 g (3 lb 9 oz); she currently weighs 2466 g (5 lb 7 oz). She is exclusively breastfed and receives vitamin D supplementation. Physical examination shows no abnormalities apart from low heig... | A: Iron deficiency anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 3-day history of a pruritic skin rash on his chest. His mother says that he has no history of dermatological problems. He was born at term and has been healthy except for recurrent episodes of otitis media. His immunizations are up-to-date. He appears pale. Hi... | A: Bullous impetigo |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 6-month history of headaches, anorexia, and vomiting. She has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss during this period. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus for which she takes insulin. The patient's mother and sister have hypothyroidism. Her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. Physi... | D: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2350-g (5-lb 3-oz) male newborn delivered at 28 weeks’ gestation develops rapid breathing, grunting, and subcostal retractions 2 hours after delivery. The mother did not receive prenatal care. His temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 168/min, respirations are 88/min, and blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg. Physical ... | B: Low concentration of lamellar bodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for evaluation of blue discoloration of the fingernails. His parents recently immigrated from Venezuela. No prior medical records are available. His mother states that during breastfeeding, he sweats and his lips turn blue. Recently, he has begun to crawl and she has n... | D: Increased systemic vascular resistance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-day-old newborn is brought to the physician because of poor feeding and lethargy for 2 weeks. During this period, he has had a raspy cry. The child was delivered at term at home and has not yet been evaluated by a physician. He is at the 90th percentile for head circumference, 50th percentile for length, and 60t... | A: Thyroid dysgenesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal examination shows mild, diffuse tenderness throughout the lower quadrants. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 180/mm3 (normal ≥ 500/mm3). Colonoscopy shows multiple hemorrhagic nodules in ... | D: Spindle-shaped cells with leukocytic infiltration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old female presents to her primary care provider for tremor. She reports that she has always had a mild tremor but that she has begun noticing it more since learning to paint. She feels that she has trouble dipping her paintbrush in the paint and making precise strokes on the canvas. She has taken to painti... | C: Primidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to her oncologist to discuss the chemotherapy options for her newly diagnosed breast cancer. During the meeting, they discuss a drug that inhibits the breakdown of mitotic spindles in cells. Her oncologist explains that this will be more toxic to cancer cells because those cells are divid... | C: Peripheral neuropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old female presents to her family physician for an annual school physical exam and check-up. She is accompanied by her mother to the visit and is present in the exam room. The patient has no complaints, and she does not have any past medical problems. She takes no medications. The patient reports that she r... | B: Ask the mother to step outside into the hall for a portion of the visit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man with a history of HIV presents with diarrhea. The patient has had diarrhea for the past week and it has been gradually worsening. The patient describes it as profuse and watery. He has lost 15 pounds during this time frame and feels very weak. The patient is not currently taking his antiretroviral m... | D: Nitazoxanide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasingly severe lower back pain for the past week. The pain is constant, and she describes it as 9 out of 10 in intensity. Six months ago, she underwent a lumpectomy for hormone receptor-negative lobular carcinoma of the right breast. She has undergone multipl... | D: MRI of the spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman with a past medical history of fibromyalgia presents to her primary care provider for her annual well visit. She reports that her pain has become more severe over the last several weeks and is no longer well-controlled by NSAIDs. She notes that the pain is beginning to interfere with her sleep and... | C: Ask the patient if she has an idea about how she might hurt herself |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of yellow eyes and malaise for the past several hours. His symptoms began after he had cried at his father’s funeral this morning. He says that his father’s death was unexpected. He had a similar episode a year ago when he returned from a 2-day hiking trip. He has no h... | D: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by paramedics with a seizure lasting over 30 minutes. The patient's neighbors found him outside his apartment with all four limbs flailing and not responding to his name. No significant past medical history. On physical examination, the patient continues to be ... | B: Increase in frequency of chloride channel opening |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of intractable, 10/10 abdominal pain without nausea or vomiting. His CT is unremarkable, and other aspects of his history and physical examination suggest that his complaints may not be organic in etiology. His medical record is notable for previo... | C: Malingering |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy, full-term 1-day-old female infant is evaluated after birth. She is noted to have a cleft palate and a systolic ejection murmur at the left intercostal space. Low-set ears and micrognathia are also noted on examination. A chest radiograph is obtained which reveals a boot-shaped heart and absence of thymus. ... | A: Seizures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is trying to design a drug to modulate cellular metabolism in the treatment of obesity. Specifically, he is interested in understanding how fats are processed in adipocytes in response to different energy states. His target is a protein within these cells that catalyzes catabolism of an energy source. The... | D: It is stimulated by epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying the anatomy and function of bone growth. He is able to create a cell line of osteocytes with a mutation that prevents the osteocytes from exchanging nutrients and waste products within neighboring lamellae. This mutation most likely affected which of the following cell structures?? {'A': 'Gap ... | A: Gap junctions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman presents to clinic with multiple complaints. She complains of swelling around her eyes (Image A) and generalized weakness. A complete blood count reveals eosinophilia. She recently returned from a trip to Asia where she reports having eaten street food, including pork. If this patient's disease is... | E: Bendazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of a pruritic rash on her face and extremities for the last year that increases with sun exposure. Her parents report that she often seems clumsy and has had several falls in the last two weeks. Physical examination shows an erythematous, scaly rash with hy... | B: Facial flushing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive difficulty swallowing and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss over the past 3 months. He first had trouble swallowing solid foods and then also developed difficulty swallowing liquids over the past week. Endoscopy shows a large mass 3 cm proximal to the esophagog... | C: Visceral obesity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of facial swelling that has now progressed to total body swelling. He also complains of nausea and abdominal pain. The child was in his usual state of health a week ago when they first notice swelling around his eyes. A few days later his ... | A: Minimal change disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man comes to the physician because of frequent urination for the past 2 months. He has been urinating 10–12 times during the day and 3–4 times during the night. He says he is drinking a lot of water to compensate for any dehydration. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Vital s... | A: Desmopressin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An epidemiologist is evaluating the efficacy of Noxbinle in preventing HCC deaths at the population level. He examines the survival data featured in the Noxbinle advertisement and wants to estimate how likely it is that Noxbinle will help an individual HCC patient. Based on the information provided in the drug advert... | E: 10 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. He is on hemodialysis. The physicians have advised him that he needs a renal transplant. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype is A7/A5, B2/B9, and C8/C3. For each locus, the maternal allele is listed 1st and the paternal allele is listed 2nd. There are ... | C: Donor A: A7/A5, B8/B2, C3/C8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents with exertional dyspnea and fatigue for the past 3 weeks. She says there has been an acute worsening of her dyspnea in the past 5 days. On physical examination, the mucous membranes show pallor. Cardiac exam is significant for the presence of a mid-systolic murmur loudest in the 2nd left ... | A: Duodenum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman diagnosed with a meningioma localized to the tuberculum sellae undergoes endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery to resect her tumor. Although the surgery had no complications and the patient is recovering well with no neurological sequelae, she develops intense polydipsia and polyuria. Her p... | D: Increase in urine osmolality to greater than 264 mOsm/L |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 4-hour history of headaches, nausea, and vomiting. During this time, she has also had recurrent dizziness and palpitations. The symptoms started while she was at a friend's birthday party, where she had one beer. One week ago, the patient was diagnose... | B: Trichomonas vaginalis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressive pain and stiffness in her hands and wrists for the past several months. Her hands are stiff in the morning; the stiffness improves as she starts her chores. Physical examination shows bilateral swelling and tenderness of the wrists, metacarpophalangeal... | E: IgM antibodies against the Fc region of IgG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Which of the following is most likely to have prevented this patient's condition?? {'A': 'High-fiber diet', 'B': 'Long-term use of aspirin', 'C': 'Anticoagulation with warfarin', 'D': 'Different antibiotic regimen for bronchitis', 'E': 'Sitz baths and nifedipine suppositories'}, | A: High-fiber diet |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of persistent palpitations for the past 2 hours. The day before, he was at a wedding, where he drank several glasses of wine and 9–10 vodka cocktails. He has never had similar symptoms before. He is a manager at a software company and has recently had a lot ... | A: Observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 29-year-old man comes to the emergency department for a 2-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. Bowel movements occur every 3 hours and are non-bloody. He recently returned from a backpacking trip in Central America. He does not take any medications. Stool culture shows gr... | B: Heat-labile toxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain and yellow discoloration of the skin for the past 4 days. She says that her symptoms onset gradually and progressively worsened. Past medical history is unremarkable. She has been taking oral contraceptive pills for 4 years. Her vitals include: pulse 102/min, respirato... | A: Budd-Chiari syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a study on gastrointestinal hormones, a volunteer is administered the hormone secreted by S cells. Which of the following changes most likely represent the effect of this hormone on gastric and duodenal secretions? $$$ Gastric H+ %%% Duodenal HCO3- %%% Duodenal Cl- $$$? {'A': '↑ ↑ ↓', 'B': '↓ ↓ ↓', 'C': '↓ no ... | D: ↓ ↑ ↓ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after 4 hours of severe abdominal pain with an increase in its intensity over the last hour. His personal history is relevant for peptic ulcer disease and H. pylori infection that is being treated with clarithromycin triple therapy. Upon admission his vital sig... | C: Emergency abdominal surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old medical student presents to the student health center with the complaint being unable to sleep. Although he is a very successful student, over the past few months he has become increasingly preoccupied with failing. The patient states that he wakes up 10-15 times per night to check his textbooks for fac... | E: Risperidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old male presents to his pediatrician after school for follow-up after an appendectomy one week ago. The patient denies any abdominal pain, fevers, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. He eats solids and drinks liquids without difficulty. He is back to playing basketball for his school team ... | D: Urine dipstick in the morning and in the afternoon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for a routine check-up. She is sexually active with multiple partners and intermittently uses condoms for contraception. She denies vaginal discharge, burning, itching, or rashes in her inguinal region. Pelvic examination is normal. Results from a routine pap smear are... | A: Inhibition of p53 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is developing a drug that results in contraction of the pupillary dilator muscle when instilled topically. The drug works by increasing neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic nerve terminal. When administered intravenously, this drug is most likely to have which of the following additional effe... | E: Increase in pyloric sphincter tone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 7-month-old boy presents with fever, chills, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes. He has a blood pressure of 115/76 mm Hg, heart rate of 84/min, and respiratory rate of 14/min. Physical examination reveals clear lung sounds bilaterally. His mother reports that his brother has been having similar s... | E: Natural killer cell-induced lysis of infected cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents with an ongoing asymptomatic rash for 2 weeks. A similar rash is seen in both axillae. He has a medical history of diabetes mellitus for 5 years and dyspepsia for 6 months. His medications include metformin and aspirin. His vital signs are within normal limits. His BMI is 29 kg/m2. The phys... | B: Gastric cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a humanitarian mission to southeast Asia, a 42-year-old man is brought to the outpatient clinic for a long history (greater than 2 years) of progressive, painless, enlargement of his scrotum. The family history is negative for malignancies and inheritable diseases. The personal history is relevant for cigarett... | D: Decreased lymphatic fluid absorption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old African-American woman visits the doctor’s office complaining of fatigue for a couple of months. She says that she feels exhausted by the end of the day. She works as a dental assistant and is on her feet most of the time. However, she eats well and also tries to walk for 30 minutes every morning. She a... | B: Thalassemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with a 2-day history of abdominal pain and diarrhea. She has had about 8 voluminous stools per day, some of which were bloody. She visited an international food festival three days ago. She takes no medications. Her temperature is 39.5°C (103.1°F), pulse is 90/min... | E: Omelette |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man goes to his primary care provider for a checkup after some blood work showed lymphocytosis 3 months ago. He says he has been feeling a bit more tired lately but doesn’t complain of any other symptoms. Past medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He takes lisinopril, hydro... | B: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:If the genetic material were isolated and injected into the cytoplasm of a human cell, which of the following would produce viable, infectious virions?? {'A': 'Rhinovirus', 'B': 'Rabies virus', 'C': 'Mumps virus', 'D': 'Influenza virus', 'E': 'Lassa fever virus'}, | A: Rhinovirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-year history of fatigue, worsening shortness of breath, and a productive cough for 2 years. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 40 years. Examination shows pursed-lip breathing and an increased anteroposterior chest diameter. There is diffuse w... | B: Lung elastic recoil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3255-g (7-lb) female newborn is delivered at term. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. On the day of her birth, she is given a routine childhood vaccine that contains a noninfectious glycoprotein. This vaccine will most likely help prevent infection by which of the following pathogens?? {'A': 'Haemophilus in... | E: Hepatitis D virus " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician for a mass in her left breast she noticed 2 days ago during breast self-examination. She has hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine. There is no family history of breast cancer. Examination shows large, moderately ptotic breasts. The mass in her left breast is small (appr... | E: Lumpectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by radiation and hormone therapy " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old male is brought to the dermatologist's office with complaints of a pigmented lesion. The lesion is uniformly dark with clean borders and no asymmetry and has been increasing in size over the past two weeks. He works in construction and spends large portions of his day outside. The dermatologist believes... | E: Pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after the onset of progressively worsening upper abdominal pain and 4 episodes of vomiting. His father had a myocardial infarction at the age of 40 years. Physical examination shows tenderness and guarding in the epigastrium. Bowel sounds are decreased.... | C: Eruptive xanthomas |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of chest pain for the last 3 hours. His ECG shows normal sinus rhythm with ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF and reciprocal segment depression in leads V1–V6. On physical examination, cardiac sounds are normal on auscultation. ... | E: Free radical formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of worsening pain, swelling, and erythema in her left leg for the past 4 hours. She returned from a trip to Taiwan to celebrate her sister's wedding 2 days ago. She has no history of serious illness. She is sexually active with one male partner and uses a comb... | E: Decreased protein S " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old male presents to your office with an indurated rash on his face. You diagnose erythema infectiosum. Which of the following is characteristic of the virus causing this patient's disease?? {'A': 'Enveloped virus with double-stranded DNA', 'B': 'Enveloped virus with single-stranded DNA', 'C': 'Enveloped vir... | E: Non-enveloped virus with single-stranded DNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of behavioral problems. His mother says that he has frequent angry outbursts and gets into fights with his classmates. He constantly complains of feeling hungry, even after eating a full meal. He has no siblings, and both of his parents are healthy. He is at the 25... | E: Methylation of maternal chromosome 15 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of progressively worsening urinary incontinence. She has started to wear incontinence pads because of frequent involuntary dribbling of urine that occurs even when resting. She has the sensation of a full bladder eve... | A: Intermittent catheterization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes and hypertension presents to the emergency department with crushing substernal chest pain. He was given aspirin and nitroglycerin en route and states that his pain is currently a 2/10. The patient’s initial echocardiogram (ECG) is within normal limits, and his... | B: Coronary steal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought in by his parents to the emergency department for lethargy and vomiting. The patient was fine until this afternoon, when his parents found him in the garage with an unlabeled open bottle containing an odorless liquid. On exam, the patient is not alert or oriented, but is responsive to touc... | B: Fomepizole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman was found lying unconscious on the side of the street by her friend. He immediately called the ambulance who were close to this neighborhood. On initial examination, she appears barely able to breathe. Her pupils are pinpoint. The needles she likely used were found on site but the drug she injecte... | D: Mu receptor antagonist |
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