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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of severe abdominal pain and vomiting for 3 hours. She had previous episodes of abdominal pain that lasted for 10–15 minutes and resolved with antacids. She lives with her daughter and grandchildren. She divorced her husband last year. She is alert an... | B: Cancel the surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because he has become increasingly pale over the past several months. He has otherwise been healthy. Apart from his maternal grandfather, who had a blood disorder and required frequent blood transfusions since birth, the rest of his family, including his pare... | B: Glycine + succinyl-CoA → aminolevulinic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to an outpatient psychiatrist with chief complaints of fatigue and “hearing voices.” He describes multiple voices which sometimes call his name or say nonsensical things to him before he falls asleep at night. He occasionally awakes to see “strange people” in his room, which frighten him bu... | C: Modafinil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man was brought into the emergency department unconscious 2 days ago. His friends who were with him at that time say he collapsed on the street. Upon arrival to the ED, he had a generalized tonic seizure. At that time, he was intubated and is being treated with diazepam and phenytoin. A noncontrast head... | D: Repeat examination in several hours |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman comes to the office because of a 2-year history of upper and lower extremity weakness and neck pain that is worse with sneezing. She has had difficulty swallowing and speaking for the past 8 months. Musculoskeletal examination shows spasticity and decreased muscle strength in all extremities. Ther... | A: Foramen magnum meningioma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency room for evaluation of a back injury sustained while at work. A CT scan of the lumbar spine shows an incidental 2-cm mass adjacent to the inferior vena cava. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen of the mass shows clusters of chromaffin cells. This mass is most like... | A: Norepinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-week-old infant that was birthed at home is rushed to the emergency room by his parents. His parents are recent immigrants who do not speak English. Through a translator, the child's parents say that during play with the infant, the infant's body became rigid and his mouth 'locked up'. The child likely suffered f... | D: Infection of the umbilical stump |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of fatigue and occasionally darkened urine over the past 3 months. Upon further questioning, the patient reveals that he has regularly had dark, 'cola-colored' urine when he has urinated at night or early in the morning. However, when he urinat... | D: Deficiency of CD-55 and CD-59 cell membrane proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of substernal chest pain for the past 1 hour. The pain is crushing in nature and radiates to his neck and left arm. He rates the pain as 7/10. He gives a history of similar episodes in the past that resolved with rest. He is a non-smoker and drink... | C: Atenolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain and diarrhea for the last week. She has missed 3 days of school and is extremely stressed about the effect of this absence on her academic performance. She has had a couple of similar though less intense episodes in the past. She says that the diarrhea alternates with ... | E: Loperamide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman undergoes an operation for a long-term toxic multinodular goiter. 13 hours after the procedure, she complains of tingling around her lips and difficulty breathing. While measuring her blood pressure, her hand turned as seen in the picture. On physical examination, she looks anxious and her chest i... | D: Intravenous calcium gluconate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man with history of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and COPD presents to his cardiologist for a right heart catheterization procedure after a recent echocardiogram revealed pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of 55 mmHg. Intraoperative administration of intravenous adenosine causes th... | D: Amlodipine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old male presents to the emergency department with fever, malaise, and shortness of breath for 1 week. Further history reveals that the patient experiences swelling in his face in the morning that disappears as the day progresses. Physical exam reveals hepatosplenomegaly. A complete blood count shows WBC 84... | A: CD2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to his physician with dark urine and intermittent flank pain. He has no significant past medical history and generally is healthy. His temperature is 97.5°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 182/112 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical... | D: Renal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of the rash shown in the picture for 2 days. Her mother says that the rash initially appeared on his face and neck. He has had fever, cough, and poor appetite for 5 days. The boy’s family recently immigrated from Asia and is unable to provide his vaccination record... | D: Rubella |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is sent from gym class with a chief complaint of severe muscle aches. In class today he was competing with his friends and therefore engaged in weightlifting for the first time. A few hours later he was extremely sore and found that his urine was red when he went to urinate. This concerned him and h... | B: Normal glycogen structure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 30-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of lesions on his elbows. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Physical examination shows skin lesions on bilateral elbows. A photograph of his right elbow is shown. Which of the following is the most app... | D: Calcipotriene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after stepping on a piece of broken glass. Physical examination shows a 3-cm, ragged laceration on the plantar aspect of the left foot. The physician uses hydrogen peroxide to clean the wound. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism of ... | C: Formation of free radicals |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being discovered unconscious in a field near the county fair. Several empty bottles of vodka were found near him. On arrival, he is mumbling incoherently. He appears malodorous and disheveled. Serum studies show: Na+ 150 mEq/L K+ 3.3 mEq/L Cl- 115 mEq/L H... | E: Decreased activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of severe vulvar itching. The pruritus started 1 year ago and became worse over the last several months. She has tried over-the-counter topical steroids without relief. She is not currently sexually active. Her medical history is notable for long-stand... | C: Squamous cell carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man is admitted to the hospital because of a 3-week history of abdominal distention and yellowing of the skin. He also has a 2-year history of progressively worsening breathlessness and cough. Three days after admission, he suddenly develops peritonitis and sepsis. Despite appropriate care, he dies. At ... | A: Oxidative deamination of lysine residues |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A stock trader was reprimanded by his boss for making a series of miscalculated trades that almost cost him his job and the firm a significant amount of money. After leaving work, the trader went to donate his time by tutoring math at the local public school. When his tutee arrived for the session, the trader realize... | C: Displacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the clinic for a routine evaluation. This is her first time visiting this office. Her medical history is significant for cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. Her vital signs include: heart rate 85/min, respiratory rate 15/min, temperature 36.0°C (96.8°F), and blood pressure 110/80 mm Hg. ... | C: Marfan syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old male presents to his pediatrician for a well-child visit. Through a history from the mother and physical examination, the pediatrician learns that the baby babbles non-specifically, takes several steps independently, and picks up his cereal using two fingers. His weight is currently 22 lbs (birth-weight ... | B: Language delay |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying DNA repair processes in an experimental animal. The investigator inactivates a gene encoding a protein that physiologically excises nucleotides from damaged, bulky, helix-distorting DNA strands. A patient with a similar defect in this gene is most likely to present with which of the follow... | B: Dry skin and increased photosensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of recurrent episodes of headaches, palpitations, and sweating. He was adopted shortly after birth and does not know his biological parents. His pulse is 103/min and blood pressure is 160/105 mm Hg. Physical examination shows multiple soft, yellow ... | A: RET |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of blood in his stool. He reports that this morning he saw bright red blood in the toilet bowl. He denies fatigue, headache, weight loss, palpitations, constipation, or diarrhea. He has well-controlled hypertension and takes hydrochlorothiazide. His f... | C: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a 2-hour history of severe, sudden-onset generalized headache. He has since developed nausea and has had one episode of vomiting. The symptoms began while he was at home watching television. Six days ago, he experienced a severe headache that resolved with... | B: Obtain a lumbar puncture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents for her annual physical checkup. She says she first noticed a mass in her right breast while taking a shower 3 months ago, which has progressively increased in size. She denies any weight loss, fever, night sweats, discharge from or change in her nipples. Her family history is negative fo... | C: Phyllodes tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old female presents to your office with complaints of painful bleeding between regular menstrual cycles, pain during sexual intercourse, and postcoital bleeding for the past 6 months. She also gives a long history of mild, crampy, vague, lower abdominal pain, but has never sought medical attention. She unde... | B: Endometritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A longstanding patient of yours has been hospitalized for a week with pneumonia. You have taken care of her while she was in the hospital. At the end of her hospitalization, she tells you how grateful she is for your care and gives you a small gift basket with homemade food, which you accept. However, when you get ho... | C: Keep the food, but return the gift certificate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of testicular pain. He reports a four-day history of dull chronic pain in his left testicle that is worse with standing. His past medical history is notable for asthma and major depressive disorder. He takes inhaled albuterol as needed and sertraline... | A: Left testicular vein – Left renal vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old African American woman presents to the clinic with burning upon urination. The patient describes increased frequency, urgency, and a painful sensation at the urethra when urinating for the past 3 days. She also reports increased vaginal discharge and abnormal odor during the same time. The patient denie... | E: Surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of the sudden onset of severe left eye pain, blurred vision, nausea, and vomiting. She has had an upper respiratory tract infection for the past 2 days and has been taking phenylephrine to control symptoms. Examination shows a rock-hard, injected left... | D: Metabolic acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of increasing left upper quadrant discomfort. She has a known history of type 1 Gaucher disease. On physical examination, her spleen is palpable 8 cm below the costal margin. Routine laboratory work reveals severe pancytopenia. After consultat... | B: Pneumococcal septicemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying growth patterns of various fungal pathogens. Incubation of an isolated fungus at 25°C shows branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia under light microscopy. After incubation at 37°C, microscopic examination of the same organism instead shows smooth, white colonies with rounded, elongated ... | E: Sporotrichosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of scientists discovered a neurotoxin that prevents neurons from releasing neurotransmitters. They performed a series of experiments to determine the protein that the neurotoxin affected. They used a fluorescent molecule that localizes to synaptic vesicles. In the control experiment, they observed the movemen... | A: Kinesin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying nosocomial infections in hospitals. The weekly incidence of hospital-acquired pulmonary infections within the pediatric wards of eight different hospitals is recorded. The results are shown. Which of the following values best represents the median value of these incidence rates?? {'A': '7.... | D: 6.0 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year old man comes to the emergency department because of progressively worsening shortness of breath and fatigue for 3 days. During the last month, he has also noticed dark colored urine. One month ago, he underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement for high-grade aortic stenosis. A photomicrograph of a perip... | B: Elevated lactate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician for a pelvic examination and Pap smear. Menses have occurred at regular 28-day intervals since menarche at the age of 11 years and last for 5 days. The first day of her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She is sexually active with her husband and takes oral contraceptiv... | E: Pap smear and human papillomavirus testing now and every 5 years, mammography at age 40 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man is outside his home doing yard work when a bee stings him in the right arm. Within 10 minutes, he reports breathlessness and multiple, circular, pruritic rashes over his right arm. He drives to his family physician’s office for evaluation. His past medical history is significant for hypertension and... | E: Epinephrine and go to the emergency department |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by her husband due to increasing confusion. He reports that she has been urinating a lot for the past month or so, especially at night, and has also been constantly drinking water and tea. Lately, she has been more tired than usual as well. Her past medical h... | D: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe dyspnea and sharp chest pain that suddenly started an hour ago after he finished exercising. He has a history of asthma as a child, and he achieves good control of his acute attacks with Ventolin. On examination, his right lung field is hyperresonant ... | C: Tube insertion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman presents with an acute loss of vision in her right eye. Past medical history is significant for depression diagnosed 2 years ago and well-managed medically. Further history reveals that the patient recently came to know that her trusted neighbor was sexually abusing her younger daughter. Physical ... | A: La belle indifference |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for numbness and tingling in his hands. He does not typically see a physician, but states that he has had some worsening numbness and weakness in his hands that has been progressing over the past month. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 120/66... | B: Congestive heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of recurrent seizures. He is at the 5th percentile for height and 10th percentile for weight. Examination shows coarse pale hair, inelastic hypopigmented skin, and generalized hypotonia. Laboratory studies show low serum ceruloplasmin leve... | C: Lysyl oxidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with diarrhea. She states that it has persisted for the past several weeks and has not been improving. She also endorses episodes of feeling particularly flushed in the face. Her temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 125/63 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, r... | D: Niacin deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 36-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a progressively worsening headache for 5 days. She vomited twice after waking up this morning. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She is sexually active with one male partner and uses an oral contraceptive. Her temperature is 37.5°C... | A: Administer dalteparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of fatigue and pruritus. Examination of the abdomen shows an enlarged, nontender liver. Serum studies show an alkaline phosphatase level of 140 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase activity of 18 U/L, and alanine aminotransferase activity of 19 U/L. S... | E: Lymphocytic infiltration of portal areas and periductal granulomas " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the physician for a follow-up examination, accompanied by his spouse. Two years ago, he was diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, for which he underwent radiation therapy. He was recently diagnosed with osteoblastic metastases to the spine and is scheduled to initiate physical therap... | A: "I'm sorry, I can't discuss any information with you without his permission. I recommend that you have an open discussion with your husband." |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 3-day-old son to the pediatrician with a concern over drops of a clear yellow discharge from the clamped umbilical cord. These drops have formed every few hours every day. The vital signs are within normal limits and a cursory physical shows no abnormalities. On closer examination, the discharge i... | D: Median umbilical ligament |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is taken to his pediatrician by his mother for evaluation of painless testicular swelling. His mother says that it became apparent at 1 year of age and has been progressively increasing in size. There is no history of infectious diseases other than the seasonal flu. The boy has no history of trauma o... | E: A similar condition in girls could involve the canal of Nuck. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man from Thailand presents with low-grade fever, chronic cough, and night sweats for 3 months. He describes the cough as productive and producing white sputum that is sometimes streaked with blood. He also says he has lost 10 lb in the last 3 months. Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient den... | B: Ziehl-Neelsen stain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old male comes to the emergency department complaining of severe back pain. The pain started 20 minutes ago when he was sitting and watching TV. He describes the pain as intense, epigastric, and radiating to his back. His vitals on presentation to the emergency department are blood pressure is 150/75 mmHg, ... | B: Smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents with new left-arm pain. She was previously well but for 2 months has had episodes of low-grade fever, night sweats, and dizziness. She works as a stock assistant and has noticed left arm pain when she stocks shelves. She is taking a multivitamin but no other medications. On physical exami... | A: Subclavian steal syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend. She is screaming uncontrollably. Eventually, she states that she is afraid that "death is near" but cannot give a rational reason for this thought. She reports both seeing colors "coming out of other people's mouths" and "hearing" these co... | B: 5-hydroxytryptamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of acute onset abdominal pain. On arrival, he also complains of nausea and shortness of breath in addition to epigastric pain. He has previously been admitted to the hospital several times for respiratory infections with Pseudomonas species and uses a n... | A: Activates phospholipase A2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy has a history of recurrent bacterial infections, especially of his skin. When he has an infection, pus does not form. His mother reports that, when he was born, his umbilical cord took 5 weeks to detach. He is ultimately diagnosed with a defect in a molecule in the pathway that results in neutrophil ... | C: LFA-1 (integrin); tight adhesion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient presents to his primary care physician with complaints of regular headaches and upper abdominal pain. On physical examination, his spleen and liver seem enlarged, and his face is plethoric. Gastroendoscopy reveals several gastric ulcers ranging from 5–3 mm in greatest dimension. A bone marrow aspirate shows... | E: Essential thrombocythemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old male with a history of congestive heart failure presents to his cardiologist complaining of mild dyspnea on exertion and swollen ankles. His past medical history is also significant for hypertension and alcohol abuse. He has a 50 pack-year smoking history. He currently takes lisinopril, aspirin, and met... | D: Digoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female presents to your clinic for evaluation. She complain of months of daily rhinorrhea, which she describes as watery and clear, as well as nasal congestion bilaterally. In addition, she reports frequent watery and itchy eyes, as well as daily sneezing. Her temperature is 100.1 deg F (37.8 deg C), bl... | D: Intranasal fluticasone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man comes to the physician with a 4-week history of lesions on his penis and scrotum. He has no pain or discharge from the lesions. Two years ago, he was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia and was treated with imatinib. He takes no medications. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 year... | B: Klebsiella granulomatis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man is brought to clinic by his daughter for poor memory. She states that over the past two years his memory has been slowly declining though he has been able to take care of himself, pay his own rent, and manage his finances. However, two months ago she noticed a sharp decline in his cognitive function... | C: Multiple lacunar infarcts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man calls his primary care physician to discuss the results of his annual laboratory exams. The results show that he has dramatically decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and mildly increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The physician says that the HDL levels are of primary con... | A: Flushing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman and her husband come to a genetic counselor because she is concerned about the chance of having an inherited defect if they had a child. Family history reveals no significant family history in her husband; however, her sister had a son who has seizures, failure to thrive, and neurodegeneration. Sh... | C: 25% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father because of abnormal movements of his limbs. For the past four days, he has had uncontrolled jerking movements of his arms and legs and has been dropping cups and toys. His symptoms are worse when he is excited and improve while he is asleep. During the same ... | E: Mitral regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for treatment of aortic stenosis in adults 65 years of age and older. Three hundred patients who received TAVR and another 300 patients who received SAVR... | D: Ejection fraction influences both probability of receiving TAVR and risk of death |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 5-day history of sore throat and a painful swelling on the left side of his neck that has become progressively larger. He has had pain during swallowing and has refused to eat solid foods for the past 3 days. He immigrated to the United States one year ago fro... | D: Clindamycin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia comes to the physician because of a 10-month history of substernal chest pain on exertion that is relieved with rest. His pulse is 82/min and blood pressure is 145/82 mm Hg. He is prescribed a drug that acts by forming free radical nitric oxide. The ... | A: Pulsating headaches |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. He does not open his eyes on command or respond to verbal cues. A CT scan of the head shows a hyperdense fluid collection in the right medial temporal lobe with medial displacement of the uncus and... | D: Oculomotor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old male immigrant from Asia is brought to the emergency room with complaints of palpitations and light-headedness for 1 hour. The patient was sitting in his chair watching television when he felt his heart racing and became dizzy. He was unable to stand up from his chair because of weakness and light-heade... | E: Increased QT interval |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman is brought by ambulance to the emergency department and presents with a complaint of excruciating chest pain that started about 45 minutes ago. The patient was sitting in the garden when she 1st noticed the pain in the upper abdomen. The pain has persisted and now localizes underneath of the stern... | C: Acute ventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for tremor of his right hand. The patient reports that the shaking started a few months ago in his right hand but that he worries about developing it in his left hand as well. He reports that the shaking is worse when he is sitting still or watching television ... | A: Anticholinergic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents with lethargy, muscle aches, and dry skin. He is underweight and has very particular eating habits. Physical examination reveals swollen bleeding gums, cracked lips, petechiae, perifollicular hemorrhage, and corkscrew hairs. Laboratory tests reveal a nutritional deficiency. Which of the fol... | B: Hydroxylation of lysine and proline residues in collagen synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after being assaulted. The paramedics report that the patient was found conscious and reported being kicked many times in the torso. She is alert and able to respond to questions. She denies any head trauma. She has a past medical history of endometriosis and... | D: Fluid resuscitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician because of upper extremity weakness and fatigue for the past 4 months. She has had difficulty combing her hair and lifting objects. She has also had difficulty rising from her bed in the mornings for 2 months. Over the past month, she started using over-the-counter mouth rin... | C: Autoimmunity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of fatigue and black sticky stools during the past 3 days. He also complains of nausea and has had a 2-kg (4.4-lb) weight loss over the past month. He has a history of polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He does not smoke or drink al... | B: Dysfunctional platelet aggregation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man with coronary artery disease agrees to participate in a pharmacological study. He takes an oral medication that leads to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains in venous smooth muscle cells. An investigator measures the plasma concentration of the drug over time after intravenous and then after or... | A: Isosorbide mononitrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents with sudden onset right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She says her symptoms started 6 hours ago after she had dinner. She describes the pain as cramping, radiating to her shoulders. She had similar episodes in the past, but they were less severe and resolved with over-the-counter analges... | A: Hydrophilic bile acids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of repeated episodes of severe headache for the past 3 days. He is currently having his 2nd episode of the day. He usually has his first episode in the mornings. The pain is severe and localized to his right forehead and right eye. He had similar symptoms la... | B: Cluster headache |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother due to a sudden onset of puffiness of the eyes. His mother is also concerned about his abdominal distention which she first noticed 5 days ago. There is no history of a recent upper respiratory tract infection, decreased urination, or gross hematuria. His vaccin... | E: Microcytic hypochromic anemia responding poorly to oral iron therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department by her mother due to inability to walk. The child has been limping recently and as of this morning, has refused to walk. Any attempts to make the child walk or bear weight result in crying. She was recently treated for impetigo and currently takes a vitamin ... | E: Synovial fluid analysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the physician because he is concerned that he is balding. Over the past few months, he has noticed patchy areas of hair loss on his head. He also mentions that he has felt depressed since the death of his wife last year and has unintentionally lost about 18 kg (40 lbs). He is constantly fat... | D: Zinc supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman referred to the cardiology clinic for the evaluation of fatigue and dyspnea for 4 months. She also has loose stools (2–4 per day), palpitations, and non-pitting edema up to her mid-calf. On examination, vital signs are unremarkable, but she appears to be flushed with mild bilateral wheezes can be ... | B: Carcinoid tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of an increasing productive cough with a moderate amount of white phlegm for the past week. He has been treated for pneumonia with antibiotic therapy four times over the past year. A chest x-ray performed 3 months ago showed no anatomical abnormalities. He has had ... | C: Sweat chloride test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of irregular menstrual bleeding. Menarche occurred at the age of 12 years and menses have occurred at 45 to 90-day intervals. Her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. She is not sexually active. Serum studies show: Fasting glucose 178 mg/dL Fasting insulin 29 mcIU/... | C: Enlarged ovaries on transvaginal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation is admitted to the hospital because of a 3-hour history of nausea and flank pain. Two days after admission, he suddenly develops aphasia and left-sided paralysis. Despite appropriate life-saving measures, he dies. A photograph of a... | A: Coagulative necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents with concerns after finding out that his father was recently diagnosed with colon cancer. Family history is only significant for his paternal grandfather who also had colon cancer. A screening colonoscopy is performed, and a polyp is found in the ascending (proximal) colon, which on biopsy ... | D: DNA mismatch repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to an outpatient clinic with lower extremity weakness and lower back pain. The patient says that her symptoms began 2 weeks ago when she was working in her garden and have progressively worsened to the extent she currently is unable to walk on her own. She describes the pain as sharp, sev... | E: Immediate transfer to the emergency department for management |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He has occasional fatigue but otherwise feels well. He has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He is a retired chemist. His only medication is ramipril. His temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 72/min, respir... | D: Smudge cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman presents to an urgent care clinic with edema of her lips and difficulty breathing. She reports that she had multiple root canals performed earlier today, and she started to notice swelling of her lips 2 hours ago. The symptoms have now progressed to where she is having trouble breathing. She notes... | A: Hereditary angioedema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old African American presents to the emergency department due to abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss over the past 3 months. He has a long-standing history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection complicated by cirrhosis. On examination, he has jaundice, leg edema, and a palpable mass in the right upper... | E: Sorafenib |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old G1P1 woman presents to her primary care physician with unilateral breast pain. She is currently breastfeeding her healthy 3-month-old baby boy. She has been breastfeeding since her child's birth without any problems. However, 3 days prior to presentation, she developed left breast pain, purulent nipple ... | C: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance because of severe retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breath for 30 minutes. Paramedics report that an ECG recorded en route to the hospital showed ST-segment elevation in I, aVL, and the precordial leads. On arrival, the patient is unresponsi... | E: Ventricular fibrillation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month-old Caucasian male presents with recurrent sinusitis and pharyngitis. The parents say that the child has had these symptoms multiple times in the past couple of months and a throat swab sample reveals the presence of Streptoccocus pneumoniae. Upon workup for immunodeficiency it is noted that serum levels of... | D: CD19 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of irritability and poor feeding that began 2 days ago. His mother reports that he has been crying more than usual during this period. He refused to eat his breakfast that morning and has not taken in any food or water since that time. He has not vomited. When chan... | D: Perform transurethral catheterization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old male with a 60 pack-year smoking history presents to his oncologist for ongoing management of his recently diagnosed small cell lung cancer. His oncologist discusses several options and decides to start the chemotherapeutic medication, etoposide. The patient is warned that one side effect of this drug i... | D: Inhibition of supercoil relaxation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old pregnant woman presents to the clinic at her 12th week of gestation. She does not have any complaints during this visit but comes to discuss her lab reports from her last visit. Her blood test results are within normal limits, but the abdominal ultrasound reports nuchal thickening with a septated cystic... | A: Congenital lymphedema of the hands and feet |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for a 3-day history of fever, headaches, and myalgias. He returned from a camping trip in Oklahoma 10 days ago. He works as a computer salesman. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). Neurologic examination shows a sustained clonus of the right ankle following s... | D: Ehrlichia chaffeensis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman presents with blurred vision and ringing in her ears. She says she has a 6-month history of recurrent worsening bilateral pulsatile headaches that she manages with ibuprofen, which does very little to relieve the pain. For the past week, she says she has vomited nearly every morning and missed wor... | C: Acetazolamide |
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