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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents with a 2-month history of increasing sensation of fullness involving his left flank. The patient reports recent episodes of constant pain. The patient is hypertensive (145/90 mm Hg) and is currently on medications including losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. His past medical history is other... | C: Renal cell carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 24 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She reports feeling fatigue and having swollen legs lately. One month ago, she had a low-grade fever, a runny nose, painful joints, and a sore throat that resolved spontaneously. Pregnancy and delivery of her f... | B: Parvovirus B19 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to a family medical center for evaluation of multiple, painful lesions on the lower lip. He says that the lesions appeared 1 day ago after spending a weekend vacation at the beach. He reports a tingling sensation after the 2nd day. This is the 3rd time in the past year that the lesions have... | E: Penciclovir cream |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One week after starting a new medication, a 16-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother because of a painful, blistering rash. She has a history of bipolar disorder. Her temperature is 39°C (102°F). Physical examination shows numerous coalescing bullae with epidermal detachment covering the ... | D: Lamotrigine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of numbness and a burning sensation in her feet for the past 5 months. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Her blood pressure is 119/82 mm Hg. Neurologic examination shows decreased sensation to pinprick, light touch, and vibration over ... | C: Increased protein deposition in endoneural vessel walls |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to the office because of shortness of breath and chest tightness on exertion which she noticed for the past 2 months. She was diagnosed with asthma 1 month ago but says that the asthma medication has not improved her breathing. She does not smoke and works as a hotel manager. Examination ... | A: Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy presents with a 3-month history of severe muscle cramps and pain. The patient first noticed these symptoms while attending tryouts for the high school football team. Following the tryout, he becomes easily fatigued and complains of severe muscle pain and swelling after 10 minutes of exercising. Howe... | E: Myophosphorylase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old homeless male presents to a free clinic for a health evaluation. He states that he has not seen a physician in over 25 years but finally decided to seek medical attention after he noticed recent chronic fatigue and weight gain. Upon questioning, he endorses drinking 2 handles of whiskey per day. On exam... | E: Testicular atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of a painless mass in his left groin that has been gradually increasing in size. Physical examination shows a 3x3-cm oval, non-tender left inguinal mass and a fluctuant, painless left scrotal swelling that increase in size with c... | A: Failure of processus vaginalis to close |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old homeless man presents to the emergency department complaining of pain in his right knee and fever. The patient is having difficulty walking and looks visibly uncomfortable. On examination, he is disheveled but his behavior is not erratic. The patient’s right knee is erythematous, edematous, and warm, wi... | C: Vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department following a fall while walking in a grocery store. He has a history of at least 6 previous collapses to the ground with no warning. When these episodes occur, he becomes pale, diaphoretic, and recovers quickly within a few seconds. These episodes always occur whe... | C: Erectile dysfunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 13-year-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of severe acne for the last 3 years. Topical retinoic acid and oral tetracycline did not improve his symptoms. He shaves his chin and mustache area every few days. His parents report that he grew 5 cm (2 in) during the last year. The ... | C: 21β-hydroxylase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During the third week of development, the blastula undergoes a variety of differentiation processes responsible for the formation of the gastrula and, eventually, the embryo. This differentiation creates cell lineages that eventually become a variety of body systems. What cell lineage, present at this date, is respon... | B: Endoderm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old poultry worker presents to his physician with a sore throat and a non-productive cough for 2 weeks. His cough is associated with fever. The vital signs include: blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, heart rate 67/min, respiratory rate 18/min, and temperature 37.6°C (98.0°F). Physical examination shows oropharyng... | B: It primarily induces the Th1-cell response. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department with neck stiffness, maculopapular rash, fever, and a persistent headache. A blood culture shows encapsulated gram-negative diplococci. He has had this same infection before. Which of the following proteins is likely to be deficient in this patient?? {'A': 'Ca... | C: C9 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of intermittent right shoulder pain for the past 2 weeks. The pain awakens him at night and is worse when he lies on the right shoulder. He does not have any paresthesia or numbness in the right arm. He is a painter, and these episodes of pain have not allowed him to w... | D: Physical therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One week after starting amoxicillin for sinusitis, a 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with fever, rash, and myalgia. She has been hospitalized multiple times for recurrent streptococcal pneumonia and meningitis. She appears tired. Examination shows a diffuse urticarial rash. Her antibiotic is di... | D: Impaired opsonization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy presents with polydipsia, polyuria, and a serum osmolality of 325 mOsm/L. A neurologic examination reveals bitemporal hemianopia. The lesion is believed to be derived from Rathke's pouch remnants. Which of the following is the most likely histologic finding?? {'A': 'Liquefactive necrosis', 'B': 'Cyst... | B: Cystic spaces |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of nasal congestion and fatigue for 12 days. During this period, he has had fevers and severe pain over his cheeks. His nasal discharge was initially clear, but it has turned yellowish over the last couple of days. He has no visual complaints. He has been taking an ove... | B: Oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man is referred to a dermatologist after a reddish mole appears on his nose. The mole’s size has changed over the last 2 years, and occasional bleeding is noted. The man’s medical history is unremarkable, and he does not take any medications. He retired from his construction job 15 years ago. Physical e... | D: Radiation therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman with AIDS presents to her primary care physician with fatigue and weakness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, infectious mononucleosis, and hypercholesterolemia. She currently smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day, drinks a glass of wine per day, and denies any illicit dru... | B: Hemodialysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-month-old girl is brought to the pediatric clinic by her mother due to progressive abdominal distension, poor feeding, and failure to thrive. The perinatal history was uneventful. The family emigrated from Sudan 8 years ago. The vital signs include: temperature 36.8°C (98.2°F), blood pressure 100/55 mm Hg, and p... | E: Beta-thalassemia major |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is admitted with an acute onset of dysphagia, odynophagia, slight retrosternal chest pain, hypersalivation, and bloody sputum. These symptoms appeared 3 hours ago during a meal when the patient ate fish. The patient’s past medical history is significant for repair of a traumatic esophageal rupture 5... | D: Emergency endoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician accompanied by his father with a complaint of chronic cough. For the past 2 months he has been coughing up yellow, foul-smelling sputum. He has been treated at a local urgent care center for multiple episodes of otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis since 2 years of ag... | A: Decreased motility of cilia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying physiologic and hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. Specifically, they examine the behavior of progesterone over the course of the menstrual cycle and find that it normally decreases over time; however, during pregnancy this decrease does not occur in the usual time frame. The resea... | E: Thyroid gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of losing consciousness for several seconds upon standing. She has a history of hypertension, which has been treated with hydrochlorothiazide. Her blood pressure is 130/87 mm Hg in the supine position and 100/76 mm Hg 30 seconds after standing u... | A: ↓ ↓ ↓ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old Caucasian female presents complaining of recent weight loss and weakness. She reports that she feels dizzy and lightheaded every morning when she gets out of bed, and often at work whenever she must rise from her desk. Physical exam reveals several areas of her skin including her elbows and knees are mo... | B: Hyperkalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of fatigue and blurry vision. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 99%. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 17.5 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume of 88 μm3, red cell volume of 51.6 mL/kg, and plasma volume of 38 m... | E: Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A recently deceased 92-year-old woman with a history of arrhythmia was discovered to have amyloid deposition in her atria upon autopsy. Upon further examination, there was no amyloid found in any other organs. The peptide at fault was identified and characterized by the pathologist performing the autopsy. Before its ... | C: Vasodilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old male engineer presents to a reproductive specialist due to the inability to conceive after 2 years of trying with his 28-year-old wife. He reports that he is healthy without any significant medical history, surgeries, or medications. He was adopted at 17 years-old. On exam, he is well appearing without ... | B: Kallman Syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old male is brought into your office because his mother states he has been fatigued. He has not been acting like himself and has been getting tired easily while running around and playing with other children. As of last week, he has also been complaining of being short of breath. His vitals are temperature 9... | D: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are culturing bacteria on lactose-rich and glucose-free media. These bacteria regulate gene expression via the lac operon to ferment lactose into glucose and galactose for their metabolic needs. You add free glucose to the media. The addition of glucose reduces lactose fermentation secondary to which of the follo... | E: Decreased level of cAMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man arrives to the emergency room appearing cyanotic and having weak, shallow respirations. He is brought in by his home care nurse, who reports that the patient has a history of myasthenia gravis and frequent urinary tract infections. The patient was in his normal state of health until 5 days ago when ... | D: Plasmapheresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2720-g (6-lb) female newborn delivered at 35 weeks’ gestation starts vomiting and becomes inconsolable 48 hours after birth. The newborn has not passed her first stool yet. Examination shows abdominal distention and high-pitched bowel sounds. A water-soluble contrast enema study shows microcolon. Serum studies show... | E: Increased sodium concentration in sweat |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two weeks after undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma, a 55-year-old man develops a severely pruritic rash, abdominal cramps, and profuse diarrhea. He appears lethargic. Physical examination shows yellow sclerae. There is a generalized maculopapular rash on his face, trunk, and lower extremi... | A: Donor T cells in the graft |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care physician with two weeks of nausea, abdominal pain, and increased urination. She states she has had kidney stones in the past and is concerned because her current pain is different in character from what she had experienced then. In addition she report... | D: Increased intestinal absorption of calcium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has quadriparesis as a result of a burst fracture of the cervical spine that occurred after a fall from his roof 1 month ago. He has urinary and bowel incontinence. He appears malnourished. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 88/min, an... | D: Damage to the anterior spinal artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the emergency department because of a 5-day history of a severely painful, blistering rash. The rash began over the right forehead, and spread to the chest, back, and bilateral upper extremities over the next 2 days. She is diagnosed with di... | E: Obstruction of renal tubule " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with fever, dyspnea, and impaired consciousness. His wife reports that he has also had an episode of dark urine today. Two weeks ago, he returned from a trip to the Republic of Congo. His temperature is 39.4°C (103°F), pulse is 114/min, and blood pressure is 82... | E: Artesunate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with profuse diarrhea. His wife says that it started yesterday and since then the patient has passed over 15 liters of watery stools which have become progressively clear and odorless. Over the past 2 days, the patient has only eaten homemade food. His wife and daughter d... | C: Pantoprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of facial spasm and an inability to speak for 2 hours. He has had no loss of consciousness or rhythmic movements. He has a history of schizophrenia and was recently put on clozapine for resistant symptoms. He appears to be aware of his surroundings. At ... | B: Diphenhydramine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week-old boy is brought to the emergency department after he was found to have blood in his stool. The mother says the baby was born by home birth at 38 weeks without complications. The mother denies fever, vomiting, or rash but says the baby has been fussier recently. The mother denies a family history of any si... | D: Vitamin K deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old G4P1 woman presents for follow-up after her 3rd miscarriage. All 3 miscarriages occurred during the 2nd trimester. Past medical history is significant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in her right lower leg 3 years ago. Her current medication is hydroxychloroquine.... | E: Anti-phospholipid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old woman is brought to the office after her nurse noticed her being apathetic, easily distracted, and starting to urinate in bed. Her medical history is relevant for hypertension, under control with medication. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 138/76 mm Hg, a heart rate of 70/min, and a res... | B: Dilation of the ventricular system |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 49-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of chest pain that radiates to her back. The pain started 45 minutes ago while she was having lunch. Over the past 3 months, she has frequently had the feeling of food, both liquid and solid, getting “stuck” in her chest while she is eat... | A: Simultaneous multi-peak contractions on manometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department due to an episode of lightheadedness. The patient was working at his garage workbench when he felt like he was going to faint. His temperature is 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 125/62 mmHg, pulse is 117/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 9... | A: A past medical history of repeat GI and respiratory infections |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 84-year-old man presents to the emergency department for a loss of consciousness. The patient states that he was using the bathroom when he lost consciousness and fell, hitting his head on the counter. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, factor V leiden, constipation, myocard... | E: Situational syncope |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of fatigue over the past 6 months. During this period, the patient has also had a 5 kg (11-lb) weight loss. She has a history of Hashimoto thyroiditis. She is sexually active with her husband only. She does not smoke. She drinks one glass of wine per day. ... | A: Positive anti-smooth muscle antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman from San Francisco has been refusing to vaccinate her children due to the claims that vaccinations may cause autism in children. Her 10-year-old male child began developing a low-grade fever with a rash that started on his face; as the rash began to spread to his limbs, it slowly disappeared from ... | C: Enveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of abdominal pain, vomiting, and fatigue for the past 4 hours. Over the past month, she has had a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss, increased thirst, and increased urinary frequency. Examination shows dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, and hyperventi... | E: Polygenic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old African American man is brought to the emergency department with sudden onset lower limb paralysis and back pain. He has had generalized bone pain for 2 months. He has no history of severe illnesses. He takes ibuprofen for pain. On examination, he is pale. The vital signs include: temperature 37.1°C (98... | D: Pamidronate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-week-old male infant is brought to the Emergency Department with the complaint of vomiting. His parents state he has been unable to keep normal feedings down for the past week and now has projectile non-bilious vomiting after each meal. He was given a short course of oral erythromycin at 4 days of life for suspec... | B: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old gentleman with a history of poorly controlled diabetes presents to his primary care physician for a routine examination. He is found to be hypertensive on physical exam and is started on a medication that is considered first-line therapy for his condition. What should the physician warn the patient abou... | B: Hypotensive episodes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) comes to the physician with a 2-day history of severe fatigue and dyspnea. He regularly visits his primary care physician and has not required any treatment for his underlying disease. His temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), pulse is 105/min, respiratory rate is 2... | A: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has had lower back pain for several months. The pain radiates down the right leg to the foot. He has no history of any serious illness and takes no medications. His pain increases after activity. The straight leg test is positive on the right. T... | C: Physical therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has bilious vomiting. He was born at 31 weeks gestation by cesarean section due to maternal preeclampsia. The birth weight was 1100 g (2.4 lb). Meconium was passed on the 2nd day after birth, and he had an adequate number of wet diapers. He is on continu... | C: Air in the bowel wall on abdominal X-ray |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient is in the ICU for diabetic ketoacidosis and is currently on an insulin drip. His electrolytes are being checked every hour and his potassium is notable for the following measures: 1. 5.1 mEq/L 2. 5.8 mEq/L 3. 6.1 mEq/L 4. 6.2 mEq/L 5. 5.9 mEq/L 6. 5.1 mEq/L 7. 4.0 mEq/L 8. 3.1 mEq/L Which of the following i... | D: 5.45 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man was referred for endoscopic evaluation due to iron deficiency anemia. He has had anorexia and weight loss for two months. Three years ago, the patient had coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic mechanical valve replacement. He has a 12-year history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He takes... | E: Warfarin to heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman gives birth to a boy at 36 weeks gestational age. The infant weighs 4022 grams at birth, is noted to have a malformed sacrum, and appears to be in respiratory distress. Apgar scores are 5 and 7 at 1 minute and 5 minutes respectively. Hours after birth, the infant is found to be irritable, bradycar... | C: Hypoglycemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two healthy adults have only one child. He has Friedrich ataxia (FA). They are considering having more children, but are uncertain of their risk of having another child with the condition. What should they do?? {'A': 'See a genetic counselor; risk of having another child with FA is 25%', 'B': 'See a genetic counselor... | A: See a genetic counselor; risk of having another child with FA is 25% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought in by ambulance to the hospital after being found down at home. On presentation, he appears cachectic and is found to be confused. Specifically, he does not answer questions appropriately and is easily distracted. His wife says that he has been losing weight over the last 3 months and he ... | C: Demeclocycline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl accompanied by her mother presents to the emergency department after suffering a fall on the elementary school playground. Her mother reports that a child on the playground pushed her daughter who fell on her right side, after which she screamed and was found clutching her right leg. The girl's past... | B: Defective type I collagen production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new imaging modality is being tested to study vitelline duct morphology. A fetus at 20 weeks' gestation is found to have partial obliteration of this duct. Which of the following is the most likely sequela of this condition?? {'A': 'Protrusion of abdominal viscera into the umbilical cord', 'B': 'Swelling in the gen... | E: Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of lethargy, repeated vomiting, and abdominal pain for 6 hours. Over the past 2 weeks, he has reported increased urinary frequency to his parents that they attributed to his increased oral fluid intake. Examination shows dry mucous membra... | D: Hepatocyte |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening shortness of breath and dry cough for 6 months. The patient's symptoms get worse when he walks more than about 150 yards. He also reports fatigue and difficulty swallowing solid foods. In cold weather, his fingers occasionally turn blue and become painful.... | C: Decreased diffusing capacity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old female with AIDS (CD4 count: 47) presents to the emergency department in severe pain. She states that over the past week she has been fatigued and has had a progressively worse headache and fever. These symptoms have failed to remit leading her to seek care in the ED. A lumbar puncture is performed whic... | B: Serial lumbar punctures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because they are concerned about his “strange behavior”. The parents state that he has always been a lonely kid without many friends, but recently he has been having behavioral problems that seem to be unprovoked and are occurring more frequently. The child... | A: Autism spectrum disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents to the physician for the evaluation of excess snoring over the past year. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. He does not smoke. His blood pressure is 155/95 mm Hg. BMI is 49 kg/m2. Oropharyngeal examination shows an enlarged uvula. Examination of the nasal cavi... | C: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increased blurring of vision in both eyes for the past 4 months. She has tried using over-the-counter reading glasses, but they have not helped. She has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current medicat... | B: Laser photocoagulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because of a dry cough and shortness of breath for 2 months. He notes that recently he has had easy bruising of the skin without obvious trauma. He has a past history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Family h... | A: Small cell lung cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician because she frequently experiences cramping and pain in her legs during school sports. She is at the 10th percentile for height. Her blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg. Examination shows a high-arched palate with maloccluded teeth and a low posterior hairline. The patient ha... | B: Osteoporosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old boy presents to the clinic with his mother for evaluation of crusty, greasy patches on the skin of the scalp that appeared 1 week ago. The mother states that the patient has been acting normally and is feeding well. She had a vaginal birth with no complications. On examination, the patient is smiling an... | B: Seborrheic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea. His medical chart is not significant for any past medical problems or prior surgeries. He is not prescribed any current medications. Which of the following quest... | C: "Can you tell me more about the symptoms you have been experiencing?" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman presents with severe and progressively worsening shortness of breath. She says that her breathing has been difficult for many years but now it is troubling her a lot. She reports a 50-pack-year smoking history and drinks at least 2 alcoholic beverages daily. On physical examination, the patient is... | E: Increased oxygen diffusion into capillary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-month-old African American boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, lethargy, and lack of appetite for 6 days. The patient’s mother says he fell off the changing table 10 days ago and landed on his left side, which she says has been tender since then. His vital signs include: temperature 38.0... | B: Hemoglobin electrophoresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pharmaceutical corporation has asked you to assist in the development of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the response of renal cell carcinoma to a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Despite all of the benefits that an RCT has to offer, which of the following would make an RCT unacceptable with regard to ... | D: The treatment has a known, adverse outcome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man, who was recently diagnosed with tuberculosis, presents to his primary care provider as part of his routine follow-up visit every month. He is currently in the initial phase of anti-tubercular therapy. His personal and medical histories are relevant for multiple trips to Southeast Asia as part of vo... | E: Inhibition of arabinosyltransferase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old G2P2 woman presents with a history of fatigue and difficulty breathing upon exertion. She was not able to tolerate antenatal vitamin supplements due to nausea and constipation. Her vital signs include: temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure 112/64 mm Hg, and pulse 98/min. Physical examination revea... | D: Anisopoikilocytosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe epigastric pain and vomiting for 6 hours. The pain radiates to his back and he describes it as 9 out of 10 in intensity. He has had 3–4 episodes of vomiting during this period. He admits to consuming over 13 alcoholic beverages the previous ni... | A: Hematocrit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever and pain in his right thigh that is causing him to limp. The mother thinks he may have hurt himself during soccer practice. He has no history of rash or joint pain. His older sister has systemic lupus erythematosus. His immunizations ar... | E: Bone biopsy of the right femur |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of multiple right inframammary lumps. They are tender and have a foul-smelling odor. She has had previous episodes of painful swellings in the axillae 12 months ago that resolved with antibiotic therapy, leaving some scarring. She has Crohn disea... | C: Groin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of an oozing skin ulceration on his foot for 1 week. He has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and does not adhere to his medication regimen. Physical exam shows purulent discharge from an ulcer on the dorsum of his left foot. Pinprick sensation is decreased bilater... | A: Protein A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of nocturia and a weak urinary stream. These symptoms began 1 year ago, but have progressively worsened over the past 6 months. He now wakes up 3–5 times every night to urinate. He has hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril. The patient... | C: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old G2P1001 at 32 weeks gestation presents to the hospital with painless vaginal bleeding. The patient states that she was taking care of laundry at home when she experienced a sudden sensation of her water breaking and saw that her groin was covered in blood. Her prenatal history is unremarkable according ... | B: Cesarean section |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of pain in his left thigh and left calf for the past 3 months. The pain occurs at rest, worsens with walking, and is slightly improved by hanging his foot off the bed. He has had hypertension for 25 years and type 2 diabetes mellitus for 30 years. He has ... | A: Critical limb ischemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 6-month-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for occasional “eye crossing.” Her mother says that the symptoms have become worse, especially before bedtime. The patient was born via cesarean delivery at 37-weeks' gestation and has met all developmental milestones. The patient's immun... | D: Cyclopentolate eye drops on the left |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is designing a study to determine whether eating a new diet is able to lower blood pressure in a group of patients. In particular, he believes that starting the diet may help decrease peak blood pressures throughout the day. Therefore, he will equip study participants with blood pressure monitors and foll... | A: Confounding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male with a history of COPD presents to the emergency department with dyspnea, productive cough, and a fever of 40.0°C (104.0°F) for the past 2 days. His respiratory rate is 20/min, blood pressure is 125/85 mm Hg, and heart rate is 95/min. A chest X-ray is obtained and shows a right lower lobe infiltrat... | B: T cell-dependent B cell response |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and myalgia. Over the past month, she has had intermittent episodes of nausea. She has a history of intravenous drug use, but she has not used illicit drugs for the past five years. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 14 ye... | B: PCR for viral RNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue, weakness, constipation, decreased appetite, and intermittent flank pain. He takes ibuprofen for knee and shoulder pain. Physical examination shows mild tenderness bilaterally in the costovertebral areas. His serum calcium concentration ... | B: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol → 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old male is brought by police officers from a social gathering due combative behavior and altered mental status. The police say that phencyclidine was found on the premises. The patient is alone, and acquiring an accurate history proves difficult. However, you do learn that the patient is having visual hall... | D: Antagonist of D2 receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man previously treated with monotherapy for latent tuberculosis develops new-onset cough, night sweats and fever. He produces a sputum sample that is positive for acid-fast bacilli. Resistance testing of his isolated bacteria finds a mutation in the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. To which of the followin... | C: Rifampin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of non-fluent speech. His mother worries that his vocabulary is limited for his age and because he cannot use simple sentences to communicate. She says he enjoys playing with his peers and parents, but he has always lagged behind in his speaking and communication. ... | A: Audiology testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old recent ROTC male recruit presents to the university clinic with left foot pain. He reports that the pain started a week ago while running morning drills. The pain will improve with rest but will occur again during exercises or during long periods of standing. He denies any recent trauma. His medical his... | D: Rest and ibuprofen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of productive cough, fevers, and malaise. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Her temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). Diffuse inspiratory crackles are heard bilaterally. Her leukocyte count is 14,300/mm3. Sputum... | A: Encapsulated, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacilli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to the clinic worried about his risk for bladder cancer. His best friend who worked with him as a painter for the past 20-years died recently after being diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma. He is worried that their long and heavy cigarette smoking history might have contributed to h... | A: Can decrease seizure threshold |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman who recently emigrated to the USA from Japan comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of night sweats, malaise, and joint pain. During this time, she has also had a 6-kg (13-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows weak brachial and radial pulses. There are tender subcutaneous nodule... | B: Granulomatous inflammation of the media |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a neck mass and hoarseness. He has no history of major medical illness. Physical examination shows a 2.5-cm fixed, irregular thyroid nodule. His serum calcitonin concentration is elevated. The nodule is most likely comprised of cells that are embryologically ... | C: Lateral endodermal anlage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents with a tremor involving his upper limbs for the past 3 weeks. He says his symptoms have been progressively worsening. Past medical history is significant for 2 episodes of undiagnosed jaundice over the last year. No significant family history. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), the pulse i... | D: Myasthenia gravis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A biostatistician is processing data for a large clinical trial she is working on. The study is analyzing the use of a novel pharmaceutical compound for the treatment of anorexia after chemotherapy with the outcome of interest being the change in weight while taking the drug. While most participants remained about th... | B: Mean > median > mode |
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