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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effects of drugs on the cardiac action potential. Cardiomyocytes are infused with a pharmacological agent and incubated for 5 minutes, after which the action potential is registered on a graph in real time for 2 minutes. The black line represents an action potential following the infus... | D: Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe pain. The patient, who is a construction worker, was at work when he suddenly experienced severe pain in his arms, legs, chest, and back. He has experienced this before and was treated 2 months ago for a similar concern. His temperature is 100°F (37.8... | E: Microvascular occlusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion for 3 weeks. He has swelling of his legs. He has not had nausea or vomiting. His symptoms began shortly after he returned from a trip to Cambodia. He occasionally takes ibuprofen for chronic back pain. He has a... | B: Rouleaux formation on peripheral smear |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effect of antihypertensive drugs on cardiac output and renal blood flow. For comparison, a healthy volunteer is given a placebo and a continuous infusion of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) to achieve a plasma concentration of 0.02 mg/ml. His urinary flow rate is 1.5 ml/min and the urinar... | B: 6 L/min |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:29-year-old construction worker is brought to the emergency department after falling 10 ft (3 m) from the scaffolding at a construction site. He reports that he landed on his outstretched arms, which are now in severe pain (10/10 on a numeric scale). He has a history of opioid use disorder and is currently on methado... | D: Scheduled short-acting opioid administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset of shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. This is her 4th visit for these symptoms in the last 5 years. She tells you she recently ran out of her normal "controller" medication. Concerned for an asthma exacerbation, you begin thera... | A: Gs protein coupled receptor activates adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother for an annual check-up. The family recently moved from Nebraska and is hoping to establish care. The patient is home schooled and mom is concerned about her son’s development. He is only able to say 2 to 3 word sentences and has been “behind on his alphabet." He... | A: CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 21-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of weight loss and fatigue. Over the past 12 months she has lost 10.5 kg (23.1 lb). She feels tired almost every day and says that she has to go running for 2 hours every morning to wake up. She had been a vegetarian for 2 years but decided to... | A: Inpatient nutritional rehabilitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents to the emergency department. The patient was brought in by his coach after he fainted during a competition. This is the second time this has happened since the patient joined the track team. The patient has a past medical history of multiple episodes of streptococcal pharyngitis which were ... | A: Decreased murmur in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a well-child visit. During his last well-child visit 9 months ago, the patient had not begun talking. The parents report that their son frequently avoids eye contact and has no friends at daycare. He was born at term and has been healthy except for an ep... | C: CGG trinucleotide repeats on x-chromosome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old G1P0 woman presents to her primary care physician for a routine checkup. She has a history of diabetes and hypertension but has otherwise been healthy with no change in her health status since the last visit. She is expecting her first child 8 weeks from now. She also enrolled in a study about pregnancy... | D: Living at high altitude |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman is recovering on the obstetrics floor after vaginal delivery of 8 pound twin boys born at 42 weeks gestation. The patient is very fatigued but states that she is doing well. Currently she is complaining that her vagina hurts. The next morning, the patient experiences chills and a light red volumin... | E: Supportive therapy only |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the physician for worsening mental status over the past 2 months. His wife reports he was initially experiencing lapses in memory and over the past 3 weeks he has begun having difficulties performing activities of daily living. Yesterday, he became lost heading to the post office down ... | D: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old Indian man visits his physician because of blisters that have appeared on both hands over the past 2 months. The patient states that he works outdoors on freeways and highways, re-paving cracked or otherwise damaged roads. Three months ago, he was working with his crew and felt a sharp pain in his thigh... | D: Check the patient’s urine uroporphyrin level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent tingling of his hand. He is an avid cyclist and has recently started training for a cycle marathon. Physical examination shows decreased grip strength in the right hand and wasting of the hypothenar eminence. On asking the patient t... | E: Inability to extend the little finger at the proximal interphalangeal joints |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents to the office complaining of chills, fever, and productive cough for the past 24 hours. He has a history of smoking since he was 18 years old. His vitals are: heart rate of 85/min, respiratory rate of 20/min, temperature 39.0°C (102.2°F), blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg. On physical examination... | A: Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction status post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery presents to his cardiologist for a routine appointment. On physical exam, the cardiologist appreciates a holosystolic, high-pitched blowing murmur heard loudest at the apex an... | C: Presence of audible S3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of lethargy and weakness for the past 5 days. During this period, she has had a headache that worsens when she leans forward or lies down. Her arms and face have appeared swollen over the past 2 weeks. She has a history of hypertension and invasive du... | D: Lung cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of double vision and trouble seeing out of his right eye. His vision started worsening about 2 months ago and has slowly gotten worse. It is now severely affecting his quality of life. Past medical history is significant for poorly controlled hyperte... | B: The unopposed superior oblique muscle rotates the eye downward. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for abdominal pain. Her pain began approximately 1 week prior to presentation and is located in the epigastric region. She has noticed that the pain worsens with eating and improves when she is not eating. Medical history is significant for rheumatoid arthrit... | C: Dexlansoprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old female presents to your office for her annual check-up. Her vitals are HR 85, T 98.8 F, RR 16, BP 125/70. She has a history of smoking 1 pack a day for 35 years, but states she quit five years ago. She had her last pap smear at age 64 and states all of her pap smears have been normal. She had her last c... | B: Chest CT scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for shoulder pain. She reports that she initially thought the pain was due to "sleeping funny" on the arm, but that the pain has now lasted for 4 weeks. She denies trauma to the joint and says that the pain is worse when reaching overhead to retrieve things fr... | E: Rotator cuff tendinopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old presents to your clinic complaining of baldness. He is overweight, has been diagnosed with BPH, and is currently taking atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. The patient has tried several over-the-counter products for hair-loss; however, none have been effective. After discussing several options, the patient... | B: DHT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting. Her last menstrual period was 9 weeks ago. A urine pregnancy test is positive. Ultrasonography shows an intrauterine pregnancy consistent in size with a 7-week gestation. The hormone that was measured in this pati... | A: Maintenance of the corpus luteum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man is brought by his family to the emergency department because of severe pain and weakness in his right leg. His symptoms have been gradually worsening over the past 5 weeks, but he did not seek medical care until today. He has a history of lower back pain and has no surgical history. He denies tobacc... | A: Compression of the cauda equina |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well visit. His parents state that he has been doing well in school and has many friends. The patient is a member of the chess club and enjoys playing video games. He has a past medical history of asthma which is treated with albuterol. The patient is in the 99th p... | D: Precocious puberty |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to the family medicine clinic with concerns about her weight. She has been constantly gaining weight for a decade now as she has not been able to control her diet. She has tried exercising but says that she is too lazy for this method of weight loss to work. Her temperature is 37° C (98.6... | C: Metformin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl who emigrated from Pakistan 2 weeks ago is brought to the emergency department because of lower limb weakness for one-day. One week ago, she had a 3-day episode of flu-like symptoms that resolved without treatment. She has not yet received any routine childhood vaccinations. Deep tendon reflexes are... | A: Poliomyelitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 50-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after she was observed having a seizure. On arrival, she is conscious and reports that she feels drowsy. An MRI of the brain shows a 4-cm, round, sharply demarcated mass. She undergoes resection of the mass. A photomicrograph of ... | D: Arachnoid cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man with a history of IV drug and alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department with back pain. He states that his symptoms started 3 days ago and have been gradually worsening. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 127/68 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxygen s... | D: Osteomyelitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after being stabbed in the chest with a screwdriver. Her pulse is 110/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 90/65 mm Hg. Examination shows a 5-cm deep stab wound at the upper border of the 8th rib in the left midaxillary line. Which o... | C: Lower lung lobe |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-day-old male newborn is brought to the emergency department because of a high-grade fever for 3 days. He has been lethargic and not feeding well during this period. He cries incessantly while passing urine. There is no family history of serious illness. He was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation and pregnancy was c... | E: Ablation of urethral valves " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought in by his mother who is concerned about her child’s behavior. She says his teachers have complained about him bullying other students at school, starting fights, and stealing other children’s lunch money. She also says that a neighbor down the street called her 6 months ago and reported t... | C: Antisocial personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old newborn is presented to the physician because of a generalized rash for the past day. He was born at term. The mother had no prenatal care and has a history of gonorrhea, which was treated 4 years ago. The newborn is at the 50th percentile for head circumference, 60th percentile for length, and 55th perce... | C: Erythema toxicum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician concerned about her inability to get pregnant for the past year. She has regular menstrual cycles and has unprotected intercourse with her husband daily. She is an immigrant from Australia and her past medical history is not known. She is currently taking fol... | D: Perform hysterosalpingogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old female sought a routine consultation in your clinic. She is diabetic and hypertensive. She had a history of myocardial infarction 2 years ago and is maintained on anticoagulants. When changing anticoagulants from heparin to warfarin, warfarin therapy is usually continued with heparin for the first 1–2 d... | D: To compensate for the initial prothrombotic property of warfarin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, and early satiety for 3 weeks. Before this, he felt well overall. He is a former smoker, but otherwise has no past medical history. On examination, the patient appears fatigued and thin; his stool is guaiac positive. He ... | A: CT abdomen/pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old male with a history of hypertension, asthma, intravenous drug use, and recent incarceration 2 months ago presents to your office with an erythematous, itchy rash on his arms and chest. He does not recall exactly when the rash first started but he believes it was several days ago. Review of symptoms is n... | E: Malignant carcinoid syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of generalized fatigue and malaise. During this period, she has had a non-productive cough with a low-grade fever. Over the past 6 months, she has had a 13-kg (28.6-lb) weight loss and intermittent episodes of watery diarrhea. She has generalized ... | B: Intravenous clindamycin and oral primaquine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 4-year-old boy to the physician, as the boy has a 7-day history of foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. The mother adds that he has been vomiting as well, and she is very much worried. The child is in daycare, and the mother endorses sick contacts with both family and friends. The ... | E: Rotavirus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man is known to be allergic to peanuts, and he mistakenly eats biscuits containing some traces of peanuts. Within 15 minutes, he develops generalized redness of the skin and urticaria, associated with shortness of breath and diffuse wheezing. His blood pressure is 80/55 mm Hg and heart rate is 124/min.... | A: Immediate hypersensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-month history of progressive shortness of breath on exertion and tiredness throughout the day. His wife reports that he snores at night and that he sometimes chokes in his sleep. He has a history of hypertension treated with enalapril. His blood pressure is 149/96 mmHg... | B: Chronic hypoxia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A student is experimenting with the effects of nitric oxide in the body. He used a variety of amino acid isolates and measured the resulting nitric oxide levels and the physiological effects on the body. The amino acids function as substrates for nitric oxide synthase. After supplement administration, blood vessels d... | B: Arginine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old college student comes to the physician because of left knee pain. The pain started when he fell off his bike one year ago; since then he has had intermittent stabbing pain and tingling in his knee. The patient says that the pain is caused by a device that was implanted by the US government to control hi... | A: Quetiapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old homeless man is presented to the emergency department by a group of volunteers after they found him coughing up blood during 1 of the beneficiary dinners they offer every week. His medical history is unknown as he recently immigrated from Bangladesh. He says that he has been coughing constantly for the ... | A: Th1 lymphocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A G1P0 34-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of difficulty breathing and coughing up blood for 2 days. Past medical history is significant for molar pregnancy 6 months ago. The patient was lost to follow up as she was abruptly laid off and had to stay at a homeless shelter for the past few months. She ... | E: Malignant proliferation of trophoblastic tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A homeless woman presents with shortness of breath on exertion and pedal edema. Cardiac workup performed shows evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and increased cardiac output. She also has decreased sensation over both extremities bilaterally. Which vitamin deficiency most likely caused these symptoms?? {'A': 'Vitami... | B: Vitamin B1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with increased fatigue. He states that he has been feeling very tired lately but today lost consciousness while walking up the stairs. He report mild abdominal distension/discomfort, weight loss, a persistent cough, and multiple episodes of waking up drenched in ... | C: Chronic myeloid leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man with colon cancer presents to his oncologist because he has been experiencing photosensitivity with his current chemotherapeutic regimen. During the conversation, they decide that his symptoms are most likely a side effect of the 5-fluorouracil he is currently taking and decide to replace it with an... | A: Cardiac myocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of episodic bleeding from the nose and gums and one episode of blood in her urine. She was treated with chloramphenicol 1 month ago for Rickettsia rickettsii infection. Her pulse is 130/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 105/70 mm... | A: Leukoreduction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old boy has non-bilious projectile vomiting that occurred after feeding. After vomiting, the infant is still hungry. The infant appears dehydrated and malnourished. A firm, “olive-like” mass of about 1.5 cm in diameter is palpated in the right upper quadrant, by the lateral edge of the rectus abdominus muscl... | C: Hypertrophy of the pylorus muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female college student comes to the student clinic for an annual physical examination. She has no complaints. On further questioning, she admits to having only two friends on campus, which she attributes to her shyness, and has been present for as long as she can remember. She intentionally enrolls in l... | A: Avoidant Personality Disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old girl presents to a pediatrician with her mother who is concerned about a red discoloration with a rectangular shape over the child’s left buttock presenting since the previous night. The mother also mentions that her daughter has been crying excessively. There is no history of decreased breast feeding... | C: Abusive bruise |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old Ethiopian woman who recently moved to the United States presents for evaluation to a surgical outpatient clinic with painful ulceration in her right breast for the last 2 months. She is worried because the ulcer is increasing in size. On further questioning, she says that she also has a discharge from h... | B: Inflammatory breast cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of chronic back pain. He explains that the pain started after getting a job at a logistics company. He does not recall any trauma and does not have morning stiffness or neurological symptoms. He has been seen by two other physicians for his back pai... | D: Somatic symptom disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 1-week history of yellowish discoloration of his eyes and skin. He has had generalized fatigue and mild shortness of breath for the past month. Three weeks ago, he was treated for a urinary tract infection with antibiotics. His father underwent a splenectomy d... | B: Decreased spectrin in the RBC membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of concern that he has not yet begun to walk. He was born at term and exclusively breastfed until 15 months of age. His mother says he has been well, apart from an episode of high fever and seizure 4 months ago for which she did not seek medical at... | B: Defective growth plate mineralization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive abdominal distention and weight gain over the last 2 months. He was diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis with large ascites 1 year ago. He has congestive heart failure with a depressed ejection fraction related to his alcohol use. For the last 6 mont... | E: Perform large-volume paracentesis " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old male presents to your office for abdominal discomfort. The patient states he first noticed pain on his right flank several months ago, and it has been gradually getting worse. For the past week, he has also noticed blood in his urine. Prior to this episode, he has been healthy and does not take any medi... | A: Renal cell carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician for genetic consultation. She has a history of recurrent generalized seizures, diffuse muscular weakness, and multiple episodes of transient left-sided paresis. She has been hospitalized several times for severe lactic acidosis requiring intravenous fluid hydration. Her 10-y... | B: Heterogenous mitochondrial DNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-week-old infant presents to the ED with seizures that are very difficult to control despite loading with fosphenytoin. The parents note that the child was born at home and has been like this since birth. They note that it has been a difficult week trying to get any response from the infant. Upon examination the i... | B: Peroxisome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man with alcohol use disorder comes to the physician because of a fever and productive cough. An x-ray of the chest shows a right lower lobe consolidation and a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia is made. The physician prescribes a drug that blocks peptide transfer by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit... | C: Clindamycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man undergoes modified radical neck dissection for an oropharyngeal tumor. During the procedure, he requires multiple blood transfusions. Four hours after the surgery, examination shows that the right and left pupils do not constrict when a light is shone into the left eye. When light is shone into the ... | A: Optic nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of a 5-day history of fever, fatigue, and red spots on her body. Her temperature is 38.3°C (101.1°F), pulse is 115/min, and blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pallor and petechiae over the trunk and lower extremities. Laborato... | A: Aplastic anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found down in the middle of the street. Bystanders reported to the police that they had seen the man as he exited a local bar, where he was subsequently assaulted. He sustained severe facial trauma, including multiple lacerations and facial bone fra... | A: Foramen ovale |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was treated for a urinary tract infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 2 months ago. He is paraplegic as a result of a burst lumbar fracture that occurred after a fall 5 years ago. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current ... | B: Frequent position changes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency room after being in a motor vehicle accident. He was driving on an icy road when his car swerved off the road and ran head on into a tree. He complains of severe pain in his right lower extremity. He denies loss of consciousness during the accident. His past medical history... | B: Femoral head smaller than contralateral side and posterior to acetabulum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for a normal check-up. She reports she has been feeling intermittently fatigued over the past 3 months, but she attributes it to her work as a corporate lawyer and balancing family life. She is otherwise healthy and takes no medications. She was adopted and ha... | D: Loss-of-function mutation in the calcium-sensing receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Six days after undergoing an elective hip replacement surgery, a 79-year-old man develops dysuria, flank pain, and fever. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F). Examination shows marked tenderness in the right costovertebral area. Treatment with an antibiotic is begun, but his symptoms do not improve. Further evaluatio... | A: Aminoglycosides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 2-hour history of severe left-sided colicky flank pain that radiates towards his groin. He has vomited twice. Last year, he was treated with ibuprofen for swelling and pain of his left toe. He drinks 4-5 beers most days of the week. Examination shows le... | B: Rhomboid-shaped crystals |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman visits your office with her pathology report after being subjected to total abdominal hysterectomy a month ago. She explains that she went through this procedure after a long history of lower abdominal pain that worsened during menses and heavy menstrual bleeding. She is a mother of 5 children, an... | C: Uterine adenomyosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old male traveler in Thailand experiences fever, headache, and excessive sweating every 48 hours. Peripheral blood smear shows trophozoites and schizonts indicative of Plasmodia infection. The patient is given chloroquine and primaquine. Primaquine targets which of the following Plasmodia forms:? {'A': 'Mer... | E: Hypnozoite |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after sustaining a gunshot wound to her shoulder. During the course of the physical exam, the physician notes her spleen is palpable 10 cm below the left costal margin. Additionally, radiography of her shoulder showed several 'punched-out' areas of lytic bone. ... | B: Multiple myeloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue. She has not had any change in weight. She had infectious mononucleosis 4 weeks ago. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 days with moderate flow. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. Her mother has Hashimoto thyroi... | C: Ferritin levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to the physician because of a fever 4 days after discharge from the hospital following induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). She has no other complaints and feels well otherwise. Other than the recent diagnosis of AML, she has no history of a serious illness. The temper... | C: Imipenem |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with central chest pain for the last hour. He rates his pain as 8/10, dull in character, and says it is associated with profuse sweating and shortness of breath. He used to have heartburn and upper abdominal pain associated with food intake but had never experi... | C: Stop exercise and order a coronary angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman G2P1 at 34 weeks estimated gestational age presents with bouts of sweating, weakness, and dizziness lasting a few minutes after lying down on the bed. She says symptoms resolve if she rolls on her side. She reports that these episodes have occurred several times over the last 3 weeks. On lying dow... | A: Aortocaval compression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of abdominal pain, loose, non-bloody stools, and intermittent nausea. He also reports intermittent fever. He has not had vomiting, tenesmus, or rectal pain. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. His vital signs are within no... | E: Non-caseating granulomas |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old nulliparous woman comes to the physician 2 weeks after noticing a lump in her right breast. Her last mammogram was performed 4 years ago and showed no abnormalities. Menopause began 2 years ago, during which time the patient was prescribed hormone replacement therapy for severe hot flashes and vaginal d... | E: Core needle biopsy " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying mechanisms of acquired antibiotic resistance in bacteria conducts a study using isolated strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The E. coli strain harbors plasmid pRK212.1, which conveys resistance to kanamycin. The S. aureus strain is susceptible to kanamycin. Both bacterial ... | B: Conjugation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of decreased urine output. She reports that over the past 2 weeks she has been urinating less and less every day. She denies changes in her diet or fluid intake. The patient has a history of lupus nephritis, which has resulted in end stage renal disease. She underwe... | E: Start intravenous steroids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old homeless man is brought to the emergency department by police, who found him sleeping by the side of the street. He is somnolent and confused and is unable to give a reliable history. His medical history is unobtainable. Vital signs include: temperature 36.9°C (98.4°F), blood pressure 112/75 mm Hg, and ... | C: Vitamin B1 deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the hospital because of blurred vision and headache for 3 months. During this period, the father has noticed that the child has been tilting his head back to look straight ahead. The patient has also had difficulty falling asleep for 2 months. He has had a 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) weight loss o... | C: Precocious puberty |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with difficulty in breathing. Her parents mention that the child has been experiencing an increasing difficulty in breathing over the past few weeks. It is more prominent when she plays outside in the garden. She has similar episodes about twice a week. She has... | A: 12% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 3-week history of shortness of breath. It started as exertional only, but progressed and is now present at rest. He says it's worse when he lies down; he has had a couple of episodes of waking up because of this shortness of breath with a choking sensation... | B: Vitamin B1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue and recurrent stomach pain for the past 3 years. She reports an intermittent, dull ache at the epigastric region that is not correlated with food intake. Antacids seem to help a little, but the patient still feels uncomfortable during the episodes. She... | C: Intrinsic factor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for the last 4 hours. She says that symptoms onset right after she had 2 generous portions of pizza. She notes that she had prior similar episodes which resolved spontaneously within an hour. However, the pain... | E: The phrenic nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressively worsening shortness of breath with exertion and intermittent palpitations over the last 2 months. She has had neither chest pain nor a cough. Her pulse is 124/min and irregular. Physical examination shows a grade 4/6 high-pitched holosystolic murmur ... | E: Dilation of left atrium on echocardiogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman comes to the physician because of bleeding from the nipple of her right breast for 3 months. There is no bleeding from the other breast. Menses occur at regular 30-day intervals and lasts for 5 days with moderate flow. Her last menstrual period was 1 week ago. Her mother died of breast cancer at t... | E: Intraductal papilloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department for acute pain in the left eye. He reports having awoken in the morning with a foreign body sensation. He had forgotten to remove his contact lenses before sleeping. Following lens removal, he experienced immediate pain, discomfort, and tearing of the left eye. He r... | A: Fluorescein examination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old male child is found to have a disease involving DNA repair. Specifically, he is found to have a defect in the endonucleases involved in the nucleotide excision repair of pyrimidine dimers. Which of the following is a unique late-stage complication of this child's disease?? {'A': 'Colorectal cancer', 'B':... | E: Malignant melanoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of intermittent pain in his right calf that occurs after walking up more than 2 flights of stairs. He reports that the pain is associated with a tingling sensation and lasts for about 10 minutes. He is otherwise healthy. He has smoked 2 packs of ci... | C: Clopidogrel therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of an itchy lesion on her skin. The rash developed shortly after she took an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection. Her temperature is 37.5°C (99.3°F), pulse is 99/min, and blood pressure is 100/66 mm Hg. Physical examination shows swelling of the face ... | C: Release of a vasoactive amine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of recurring episodes of achy muscle pain in his legs. He has a history of poor school performance despite tutoring and has been held back two grades. He is at the 40th percentile for height and 30th percentile for weight. Examination shows ptosis, a high-arched p... | E: CTG trinucleotide expansion in the DMPK gene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for left hip pain 30 minutes after she fell while walking around in her room. Examination shows left groin tenderness. The range of motion of the left hip is limited because of pain. An x-ray of the hip shows a linear fracture of the left femoral neck with s... | B: Medial circumflex femoral |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of diminished vision for several months. Twenty-eight years ago, she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, which has been well controlled with hydroxychloroquine. Fundoscopic examination shows concentric rings of hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentati... | C: Paracentral scotoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman presents for follow-up care for her type 2 diabetes mellitus. She was diagnosed approximately 2 years ago and was treated with dietary modifications, an exercise regimen, metformin, and glipizide. She reports that her increased thirst and urinary frequency has not improved with her current treatme... | E: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents to a dermatology clinic complaining about a couple of well-demarcated, dark, round skin lesions on her face. She claims she has had these lesions for 3 or 4 years. The lesions are painless, not pruritic, and have never bled. However, she is moderately distressed about the potential malign... | B: Reassure the patient and provide general recommendations |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of progressively worsening dyspnea, cough, and hoarseness of voice. Her pulse is 92/min and irregularly irregular, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 110/75 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows a rumbling mid-diastolic murmur that is best... | C: Antibody cross-reactivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of scientists developed a mouse model to study nondisjunction in meiosis. Their mouse model produced gametes in the following ratio: 2 gametes with 24 chromosomes each and 2 gametes with 22 chromosomes each. In which of the following steps of meiosis did the nondisjunction occur?? {'A': 'Metaphase I', 'B': 'M... | C: Anaphase I |
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