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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying muscle tissue in high-performance athletes. He obtains blood samples from athletes before and after a workout session consisting of short, fast sprints. Which of the following findings is most likely upon evaluation of blood obtained after the workout session?? {'A': 'Increased concentrati... | B: Increased concentration of H+ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man college student visits the Health Services Office complaining of an intense and painful rash involving his axillae, waist, periumbilical skin, and inner thighs. The pruritus is worse at night. He noticed the rash and onset of symptoms after a recent fraternity party 4 weeks ago. The physical examina... | C: Blockade of voltage-gated Na+ channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of severe lower abdominal pain and an inability to urinate. He reports that he last urinated approximately nine hours ago. When asked to urinate, only a few drops dribble from the tip of his penis. Further questioning reveals that the patient has experienc... | E: Urine osmolality 300 mOsmol/kg H2O, Urine Na+ 45 mEq/L, FENa 5%, no casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male presents to the emergency department after being brought in from a house fire. The patient has extensive burns covering his body and is conscious but in severe pain. The patient has a past medical history notable for marijuana use. He is not currently on any medications. Physical exam is notable fo... | A: IV fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He was born at 36 weeks' gestation and has been healthy since. He is at the 60th percentile for length and weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. The abdomen is soft and nontender. The external genitalia appear normal. Examination show... | B: Orchidopexy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to a clinic with oliguria. Four weeks ago, he had a kidney transplant. Postoperative follow-up was normal. He is currently on cyclosporine and admits that sometimes he forgets to take his medication. On physical examination, the vital signs include: temperature 37.1°C (98.8°F), blood pressu... | E: Lymphocytic infiltration of graft vessels and endothelial damage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A young woman from the Ohio River Valley in the United States currently on corticosteroid therapy for ulcerative colitis presented to a clinic complaining of fever, sweat, headache, nonproductive cough, malaise, and general weakness. A chest radiograph revealed patchy pneumonia in the lower lung fields, together with... | D: Antigen detection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother for temper tantrums for the past year. She is concerned as he gets abnormally irritated and angry towards the smallest things. After asking the mother to leave the room, the patient reports that he is simply annoyed by his mother’s constant nagging. He denies a... | E: Transference |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying hormone synthesis and transport uses immunocytochemical techniques to localize a carrier protein in the central nervous system of an experimental animal. The investigator finds that this protein is synthesized together with a specific hormone from a composite precursor. The protein is involve... | D: Upregulation of renal aquaporin-2 channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a nonproductive cough and shortness of breath for 3 weeks. He feels tired after walking up a flight of stairs and after long conversations on the phone. He appears chronically ill. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), and pulse is 110/min. Pulse oximetry on... | B: Silver-staining, disc-shaped cysts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining that she “wets herself.” She states that over the past year she has noticed increased urinary leakage. At first it occurred only during her job, which involves restocking shelves with heavy appliances. Now she reports that she has to wear pads daily because leaka... | D: Q-tip test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old male is seen in the newborn nursery for repeated emesis and lethargy. He was born at 39 weeks to a 24-year-old mother following an uncomplicated pregnancy and birth. He has been breastfeeding every 2 hours and has 10 wet diapers per day. His father has a history of beta-thalassemia minor. Laboratory resul... | A: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chills and numerous skin lesions for 1 week. He has also had watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. The skin lesions are nonpruritic and painless. He was diagnosed with HIV infection approximately 20 years ago. He has not taken ... | E: Bartonella henselae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department unconscious after a fall. He appears pale and is pulseless. A 12-lead EKG reveals wide, monomorphic sawtooth-like QRS complexes. He undergoes synchronized cardioversion three times at increasing voltage with no effect. Epinephrine is administered with minimal e... | A: Amiodarone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A molecular biologist is studying the roles of different types of ion channels regulating cardiac excitation. He identifies a voltage-gated calcium channel in the sinoatrial node, which is also present throughout the myocardium. The channel is activated at ~ -40 mV of membrane potential, undergoes voltage-dependent i... | A: Phase 0 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old woman presents to her physician because of fatigue and progressive dyspnea despite receiving optimal treatment for heart failure. Her medical history is positive for heart failure, active tuberculosis, and chronic renal failure, for which she has been in long-term hemodialysis (13 years). The woman curr... | B: Constrictive pericarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An at-home recreational drug screening test kit is currently being developed. They consult you for assistance with determining an ideal cut-off point for the level of the serum marker in the test kit. This cut-off point will determine what level of serum marker is associated with a positive or negative test, with ser... | C: Sensitivity decreases, specificity increases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 5-day history of fever, malaise, and joint pain. He had a sore throat 4 weeks ago that resolved without treatment. His temperature is 38.6°C (101.5°F) and blood pressure is 84/62 mm Hg. Physical examination shows several firm, painless nodules under the skin n... | E: M protein " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because he claims to have spoken to his recently-deceased grandfather. The grandfather, who lived with the family and frequently watched the boy for his parents, died 2 months ago. The boy was taken out of preschool for 3 days after his grandfather's death bu... | C: Normal grief |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for evaluation because of extreme irritability, fatigue, and loss of appetite for 3 weeks. Five months ago, his grandfather, whom he was very close to, passed away from chronic lymphocytic leukemia. He used to enjoy playing soccer but qui... | B: Major depressive disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her coach, 30 minutes after injuring her left knee while playing field hockey. She was tackled from the left side and has been unable to bear weight on her left leg since the accident. She fears the left knee may be unstable upon standing. There is no per... | E: Medial collateral ligament injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after presenting with elevated blood pressure readings during her last two visits. After her last visit 2 months ago, she tried controlling her hypertension with weight loss before starting medical therapy, but she has since been unable to lose an... | B: Urinary calcium excretion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to his physician with breathlessness on exertion for the last 2 years. He mentions that initially, he used to become breathless upon climbing 2 flights of stairs, but now he becomes breathless after walking a couple of blocks. He has no known medical condition except obesity (most recent BM... | B: Riociguat |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with constant and gnawing lower abdominal pain for 2 days. The pain has been steadily worsening in intensity. He says the pain occasionally radiates to his lower back and groin bilaterally. While he cannot identify any aggravating factors, he feels that the pai... | C: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of swelling and itchiness of her mouth and lips. It decreases when she eats cold foods such as frozen fruit. Four days ago, she underwent orthodontic wire-placement on her upper and lower teeth. Since then, she has been taking ib... | D: Allergic contact dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two separate investigators have conducted cohort studies to calculate the risk of lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis patients taking anti-TNF alpha medications. They each followed patients with rheumatoid arthritis for a number of years and tracked the number of patients who were diagnosed with lymphoma. The results of... | C: The risks are equivalent, with an incidence rate of 1 case per 1000 person-years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying vitamin D metabolism in mice. He induces a gene mutation that interferes with the function of an enzyme in the renal proximal tubules that is required for vitamin D activation. He then measures serum levels of various metabolites. Production of which of the following will be impaired in th... | D: 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy presents with a 7-day history of fever and abdominal pain for the past 4 days. Past medical history is significant for an exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and recurrent attacks of pallor during the course of upper respiratory tract infections. His vital signs include: blood press... | B: Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the emergency department with dyspnea. Two days ago, he hosted his grandchild's birthday party, and since has noticed general malaise, fever, and dry cough. He does not know if he feels more dyspneic while supine or standing but has noticed difficulty breathing even while watching televi... | D: Decrease positive inspiratory pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravid woman at 31 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of fever, myalgia, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea for 3 days. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. Her only medication is a prenatal vitamin. Her temperature is 39.4°C (102.9°F). Physical examination shows diffuse abdominal p... | C: Consumption of soft cheese |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of a dry cough. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. Physical examination shows mild conjunctival hyperemia. Chest auscultation shows fine crackles in both lung fields. Laboratory studies show a total calcium concentration of 10.8 mg/dL. The r... | D: Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old female presents to the emergency department following a syncopal episode while walking down several flights of stairs. The patient has not seen a doctor in several years and does not take any medications. Your work-up demonstrates that she has symptoms of angina and congestive heart failure. Temperature... | C: Congestive heart failure (CHF) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old white man comes to the physician because of a 15-day history of fatigue and lower leg swelling. Over the past 8 months, he has had a 3.8-kg (8.3-lb) weight loss. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 48 years. Vital signs are within normal limits. He appears thin. Examination shows 2+ pretibial... | E: Membranous nephropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the physician because of right scrotal swelling for the past 2 weeks. He has had mild lower abdominal discomfort for the past 3 weeks. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He appears healthy. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows gynecomastia. There i... | B: Cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by his neighbor because of impaired consciousness and difficulty speaking for 1 hour. A diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke is made. Over the next three days after admission, the patient’s renal function s... | C: Try to contact the father for consent |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy presents to your office with hematuria. Two weeks ago the patient had symptoms of a sore throat and fever. Although physical exam is unremarkable, laboratory results show a decreased serum C3 level and an elevated anti-DNAse B titer. Which of the following would you most expect to see on renal biopsy... | A: Large, hypercellular glomeruli on light microscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old Spanish speaking male comes to the health clinic with his daughter for a routine health maintenance visit. The physician speaks only basic Spanish and is concerned about communicating directly with the patient. The patient's daughter is fluent in both English and Spanish and offers to translate. The cli... | B: Request one of the formal interpreters from the clinic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his parents for a follow-up visit. Several concerning traits were observed at his last physical, 6 months ago. He had developmental delay, a delay in meeting gross and fine motor control benchmarks, and repetitive behaviors. At birth, he was noted to have flat feet, ... | B: Southern blot with DNA probes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of progressive difficulty breathing and a dry cough. Five weeks ago, she was diagnosed with diffuse hemangiomas involving the intrathoracic cavity and started treatment with prednisolone. She appears uncomfortable and in moderate res... | A: Bronchoalveolar lavage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A recently published prospective cohort study of 1,000 men reports that smoking is significantly associated with higher rates of esophageal cancer. The next week, however, the journal publishes a letter to the editor in which a re-analysis of the study's data when accounting for the confounding effects of alcohol usa... | D: Men who drink are both more likely to smoke and more likely to develop esophageal cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?" "Patient Information Age: 30 years Gender: F, self-identified Ethnicity: unspecified Site of Care: office History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I'm so anxious about work.” History of Present I... | A: Propranolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought for general developmental evaluation. According to his parents he is playing alongside other children but not in a cooperative manner. He has also recently begun to ride a tricycle. Upon questioning you also find that he is toilet trained and can stack 9 blocks. Upon examination you find t... | D: Normal social, normal motor, delayed language |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the clinic for an annual check-up. She has no other complaints except for some weight gain over the past year. Her last menstrual period was 8 months ago. “I started eating less since I get full easily and exercising more but just can’t lose this belly fat,” she complains. She is sexually... | D: Ovarian cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a suicide attempt. The patient was found in his apartment by his grandson with wrist lacerations. He was rushed to the emergency department and was resuscitated en route. The patient has a past medical history of ischemic heart disease and depression. His p... | C: Hypomagnesemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 4, comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of painful, heavy menses. Menses previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals and lasted 3 days with normal flow. They now last 7–8 days and the flow is heavy with the passage of clots. Pelvic examination shows a tender, un... | B: Endometrial tissue within the uterine wall |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After the administration of an erroneous dose of intravenous phenytoin for recurrent seizures, a 9-year-old girl develops bradycardia and asystole. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated immediately. After 15 minutes, the blood pressure is 120/75 mm Hg, the pulse is 105/min, and the respirations are 14/min and s... | C: Sentinel event |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents complaining of shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. The patient complains of dyspnea upon exertion, generalized fatigue, lethargy, and chest pain associated with strenuous activities. Her history is notable for an atrial septal defect at birth. Her temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C),... | A: Bosentan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician for a routine follow-up examination. He has been noncompliant with his antiretroviral medication regimen for several years. He appears chronically ill and fatigued. CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 405/mm3 (N ≥ 500). Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show... | A: Violaceous lesions on skin exam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old male who takes NSAIDs regularly for his chronic back pain develops severe abdominal pain worse with eating. Upper endoscopy is performed and the medical student asks the supervising physician how the histological differentiation between a gastric ulcer and erosion is made. Which of the following layers ... | D: Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old male presents to the emergency department with his parents after his three-year-old brother hit him on the arm with a toy truck. His parents are concerned that the minor trauma caused an unusual amount of bruising. The patient has otherwise been developing well and meeting all his milestones. His parent... | B: Complete blood count and coagulation panel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 31 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital because her water broke one hour ago. Pregnancy has been complicated by iron deficiency anemia and hypothyroidism treated with iron supplements and L-thyroxine, respectively. The patient followed-up with her gynecologist on a r... | D: Administration of magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of difficulty walking, slurred speech, and progressive drowsiness. The husband reports that his wife has appeared depressed over the past few days. She has a history of insomnia and social anxiety disorder. She appears lethargic. Her te... | D: GABAA receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:At a counseling session, a 15-year-old boy recounts his childhood. He explained that his father was an angry, violent man who physically abused him and his younger brother every time he was drunk - which was almost every night. The boy said that the only way he could escape the situation was to believe that he himsel... | D: Fantasy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-month history of poor feeding and irritability. She is at the 15th percentile for height and 5th percentile for weight. Examination shows hypotonia and wasting of skeletal muscles. Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. There is hepatomegaly. ... | E: Glycogen debrancher |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her friend because of a 1-hour episode of confusion. Earlier that night, they were at a dance club, and the patient was very energetic and euphoric. Thirty minutes after arriving, she became agitated and nauseous. She no longer seemed to know where she was... | D: Ecstasy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new drug X is being tested for its effect on renal function. During the experiments, the researchers found that in patients taking substance X, the urinary concentration of sodium decreases while urine potassium concentration increase. Which of the following affects the kidneys in the same way as does substance X??... | D: Aldosterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after delivery, a 4300-g (9-lb 8-oz) newborn has difficulty feeding and has become increasingly lethargic. His cry has become weak. He was born at term. His mother has a history of intravenous drug use. His temperature is 36.4°C (96.5°F), pulse is 170/min, respirations are 62/min, and blood pressure is 70/48... | C: Administer glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician with a 6-month history of cough and dyspnea. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years. Analysis of the sputum sample from bronchoalveolar lavage shows abnormal amounts of an isoform of elastase that is normally inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metallo... | D: Phagocytosis of foreign material |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old male infant is brought to the physician because of respiratory distress and bluish discoloration of his lips and tongue. He was born at term and the antenatal period was uncomplicated. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 170/min, respirations are 65/min, and blood pressure is 70/46 mm Hg. Pulse o... | C: Left-axis deviation on electrocardiogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl presents with a low-grade fever, lethargy, and fatigue for the past week. The patient’s mother says she also complains of leg pain for the past couple of weeks. No significant past medical history. The patient was born at term via spontaneous transvaginal delivery with no complications. On physical ... | D: Vincristine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a 2-month history of ‘fogginess’. She reports that for the last couple of months she feels like she has "lost a step" in her ability to think clearly, often forgetting where she parked her car or to lock the front door after leaving the house. She also feels that her moo... | D: Neoplastic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old female with no significant past medical history present to her primary care physician for her annual check up. She missed her several appointments in the past as she says that she does not like coming to the doctor's office. When she last presented 1 year ago, she was found to have an elevated blood pre... | D: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of malaise, anorexia, and vomiting for the past 2 weeks. He also says that his urine is dark. The past medical history is unremarkable. The temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), the pulse is 72/min, the blood pressure is 118/63 mm Hg, and the respiratory rate is 15/m... | B: Acute exacerbation of chronic HBV infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of an oozing, red area above the left ankle. She does not recall any trauma to the lower extremity. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and ulcerative colitis. She had a myocardial infarction 2 years ago and a str... | C: Venous insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the efficiency of a new anti-gout drug in comparison to colchicine in an experimental animal model. The test group of animals is injected with the new drug, while the control group receives injections of colchicine. Which of the following cellular functions will most likely be impaired in ... | D: Axonal transport |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the office with his wife complaining of difficulty in swallowing, which progressively worsened over the past month. He has difficulty in initiating swallowing and often has to drink water with solid foods. He has no problems swallowing liquids. His wife is concerned about her husband’s b... | C: Increased pressure above the upper esophageal sphincter resulting in a defect in the wall |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of severe epigastric pain and nausea. She has a 20-year history of alcohol use disorder. Nine hours after admission, she becomes increasingly dyspneic and tachypneic. Pulse oximetry on supplemental oxygen shows an oxygen saturation ... | A: Alveolocapillary membrane leakage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea 5 times per day. Her symptoms began after she ate an egg sandwich from a restaurant. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows diffuse abdominal tenderness. Stool culture shows gram... | E: Prolonged fecal excretion of the pathogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman comes to the physician because of difficulty sleeping. She is afraid of falling asleep and gets up earlier than desired. Four months ago, she was the driver in a car accident that resulted in the death of her unborn child. She has vivid nightmares of the event and reports that she frequently re-ex... | C: Post-traumatic stress disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman is diagnosed with a stage IIIa infiltrating ductal carcinoma involving the left breast. The tumor is ER/PR positive, HER-2 negative, poorly differentiated Bloom-Richardson grade 3. 4/20 regional nodes are positive. The patient undergoes a lumpectomy with axillary lymph node dissection, followed by... | A: Doxorubicin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old male newborn delivered at 39 weeks' gestation is evaluated because of poor feeding, recurrent vomiting, and lethargy. Physical examination shows tachypnea with subcostal retractions. An enzyme assay performed on a liver biopsy specimen shows decreased activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. This enz... | E: Aspartate " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old patient is at his physician’s office for a routine health maintenance exam. The patient has a past medical history of osteoarthritis in his right knee and GERD that is well-controlled with over the counter medication. On a fasting lipid profile, he is found to have high cholesterol. The patient is start... | C: Apolipoprotein B-100 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old girl comes to the physician for evaluation after a minor motor vehicle collision. While driving down a residential street, a young boy ran out in front of her, chasing after a ball. She applied the brakes of her vehicle and avoided hitting the boy, but then she suddenly experienced generalized weakness ... | B: Sodium oxybate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of mild vision changes, dizziness, and severe pain in the chest for the past hour. He has also been experiencing nausea since this morning and has already vomited twice. Past medical history includes poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and end-stage ren... | B: Diagram B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of multiple painful, purulent ulcers she noticed on her vulva 2 days ago. The patient has not had fever or burning with urination. She has no history of similar lesions. She had a chlamydial infection at 17 years of age that was treated with antibiotics. Her immuniza... | A: Chancroid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to the clinic with joint pain and swelling of her hands. She reports that the pain lasts for about an hour in the morning and improves as her joints ‘loosen up’. This condition has been bothering her for about 2 years but has recently been impacting her daily routine. She has not seen a d... | A: Ragocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her father with fever, chills, and a body rash. Her father reports that 3 days ago, his daughter underwent surgery for a deviated nasal septum. Since then, she has been "sleepy" and in moderate pain. When the patient’s father came home from work today, he f... | E: Polyclonal T-cell activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of chest pain for 2 hours. Eight days ago, she was admitted to the hospital for treatment of low-grade fever, malaise, and sore throat. The hospitalization was complicated by pharyngitis with pseudomembrane formation and severe cervical lymphadenopathy ... | E: Immunoglobulin that targets circulating proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the clinic for an annual well-exam. He was lost to follow-up for the past 3 years due to marital issues but reports that he feels fine. The patient reports, “I feel tired but it is probably because I am getting old. I do feel a little feverish today - I think I got a cold.” His past medical... | C: Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Which of the following cells in the body depends on dynein for its unique functioning?? {'A': 'Lower esophageal mucosal cell', 'B': 'Fallopian tube mucosal cell', 'C': 'Small intestinal mucosal cell', 'D': 'Skeletal muscle cell', 'E': 'Adipocyte'}, | B: Fallopian tube mucosal cell |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the clinical for “bumps under his nipples.” He is anxious that this could be breast cancer as his sister was just recently diagnosed. Past medical history is unremarkable except for an appendectomy at age 13. He currently works as a personal trainer and reports a diet that consists mainly o... | E: Testicular atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of recurrent episodes of fatigue, palpitations, nausea, and diaphoresis over the past 6 months. The episodes have become more frequent in the last 2 weeks and he has missed work several times because of them. His symptoms usually improve after he drinks some... | C: 72-hour fasting test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her daughter because of shortness of breath and a productive cough with blood-tinged sputum for the past 24 hours. Five days ago, she developed muscle aches, headache, fever, and clear rhinorrhea. These symptoms lasted 3 days. She lives in a house with her... | B: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with sudden and severe pain in the left scrotum that started 2 hours ago. He has vomited twice. He has no dysuria or frequency. There is no history of trauma to the testicles. The temperature is 37.7°C (99.9°F). The left scrotum is swollen, erythematous, and t... | E: Testicular torsion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman who lives in New York City presents with headache, fever, and neck stiffness. She received a diagnosis of HIV infection 3 years ago and has been inconsistent with her antiretroviral medications. Recent interferon-gamma release assay testing for latent tuberculosis was negative. A computed tomograp... | D: Cryptococcus neoformans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents for poor academic performance. The patient’s parents say that his teacher told them that he may have to repeat a grade because of his lack of progress, as he does not pay attention to the lessons, tends to fidget about in his seat, and often blurts out commen... | B: Atomoxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl presents with recurrent abdominal pain and a low-grade fever for the past 2 months. The patient’s mother says that she has lost her appetite which has caused some recent weight loss. She adds that the patient frequently plays outdoors with their pet dog. The patient is afebrile and vital signs are w... | A: Toxocara canis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his daughter due to confusion. She reports that her father did not remember who she was yesterday, and his refrigerator was completely empty when she tried to make him lunch. She states that he was acting like himself when she visited him last week. She also notes... | A: Slow initiation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old gentleman is brought to the ED with confusion that started earlier this morning. His family notes that he was complaining of feeling weak last night and also had a slight tremor at the time. He is afebrile and he has no known chronic medical conditions. Physical exam reveals a cooperative but confused g... | E: Small cell lung cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to an outpatient psychiatrist after 2 weeks of feeling “miserable.” She has been keeping to herself during this time with no desire to socialize with her friends or unable to enjoy her usual hobbies. She also endorses low energy, difficulty concentrating and falling asleep, and decreased ... | C: Impulsivity, insomnia, increased energy, irritability, and auditory hallucinations for 2 weeks |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for the evaluation of progressive hair loss over the past 2 months. The parents report that they have noticed increased number of hairless patches on their daughter's head. The patient denies any itching. There is no personal or family history of serious i... | E: Trichotillomania |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman visits a physician because of fever, chills, dry cough, and a few enlarging masses on her cheeks and neck. Wart-like lesions are present on the nose as shown in the photograph. She reports that she visited the Mississippi area a few months before on a business trip. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.... | A: Blastomyces dermatitidis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 2-hour history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting that began an hour after she finished lunch. Examination shows abdominal guarding and rigidity; bowel sounds are reduced. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography shows the dorsal pancreatic du... | A: Fusion of the pancreatic buds |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy who has been otherwise healthy presents to his doctor complaining of feeling easily winded and light-headed at basketball practice. He has never felt this way before and is frustrated because he is good enough to make varsity this year. He denies smoking, alcohol, or recreational drug use. His mothe... | D: Mitral regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old G1P0 presents to her first obstetric visit after having a positive urine pregnancy test at home. Her last menstrual period was 9 weeks ago. She has no past medical history, but her mother has rheumatoid arthritis. The patient states that for several weeks, she has felt especially warm, even when her co-... | C: Propylthiouracil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-day-old female newborn is brought to the emergency department because of fever, poor feeding, and irritability for 6 hours. She was delivered at home at 39 weeks' gestation and delivery was uncomplicated. The mother had no prenatal care. Her temperature is 39.8°C (103.6°F), pulse is 172/min, respirations are 58/m... | E: Increased release of fibrinogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man visits the outpatient clinic with complaints of heartburn and chest pain for the past 6 months. His pain is retrosternal and was initially only associated with intake of solid foods, but it now occurs with liquids as well. Antacids do not relieve his pain anymore. He is worried about the pain as it ... | E: Adenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the clinic with severe pain in her left knee of 1-day duration. Physical examination reveals a red, swollen, warm, and tender left knee with a decreased range of motion. The patient affirms that she has been sexually active with several partners over the last year and that 1 of her par... | E: It selectively grows on Thayer-Martin medium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 1-month history of pain in his right leg. His mother has been giving him ketorolac at night to improve his sleep, but the pain has not improved. Physical examination shows marked tenderness along the right mid-femur. An x-ray of the right lower ... | A: Ewing sarcoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old Caucasian male suffers from cyanosis and dyspnea relieved by squatting. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely present?? {'A': 'Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'B': 'Atrial septal defect', 'C': 'Ventricular septal defect', 'D': 'Coarctation of the aorta', 'E': 'Bicuspid aortic valve'}, | C: Ventricular septal defect |
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