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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after collapsing while playing basketball. He has no history of serious illness. On arrival, there is no palpable pulse or respiratory effort observed. He is declared dead. The family agrees to an autopsy. Cardiac workup prior to t... | A: Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician because of irregular heavy menstrual bleeding since menarche at age 16 years. Menses occur at irregular 15- to 45-day intervals and last 7 to 10 days. She has also noted increased hair growth on her face. She has not been sexually active since she started taking ... | A: Endometrial cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department with new-onset dizziness. He reports associated symptoms of confusion, headaches, and loss of coordination. The patient’s wife also mentions he has had recent frequent nosebleeds. Physical examination demonstrates a double vision. Routine blood work is significan... | C: Plasmapheresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to his geriatrician due to waking several times during the night and also rising too early in the morning. He says this has worsened over the past 7 months. In the morning, he feels unrefreshed and tired. His medical history is positive for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He ... | B: Zolpidem |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An obese 34-year-old primigravid woman at 20 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a follow-up examination for a mass she found in her left breast 2 weeks ago. Until pregnancy, menses had occurred at 30- to 40-day intervals since the age of 11 years. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a 3.0... | C: Surgical resection and chemotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old patient comes to the physician for a 2-month history of progressive dyspnea and cough productive of large amounts of yellow, blood-tinged sputum. He has a history of COPD and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Examination of the lung shows bilateral crackles and end-expiratory wheezing. An x-... | D: Breaking of disulfide bonds |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A section from the thymus of a patient with myasthenia gravis is examined (see image). The function of the portion of the thymus designated by the arrow plays what role in the pathophysiology of this disease?? {'A': 'Failure to bind MHC class II molecules', 'B': 'Failure of hematopoietic progenitor cells to different... | E: Failure of apoptosis of negatively selected T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying patients with acute decompensated congestive heart failure. He takes measurements of a hormone released from atrial myocytes, as well as serial measurements of left atrial and left ventricular pressures. The investigator observes a positive correlation between left atrial pressures and the... | A: Decreases sodium reabsorption at the collecting tubules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman is transferred to the intensive care unit after she underwent coronary stenting for a posterior-inferior STEMI. She is known to have allergies to amiodarone and captopril. A few hours after the transfer, she suddenly loses consciousness. The monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. CPR is initiated... | C: Adrenaline and lidocaine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female presents to student health at her university for excessive daytime sleepiness. She states that her sleepiness has caused her to fall asleep in all of her classes for the last semester, and that her grades are suffering as a result. She states that she normally gets 7 hours of sleep per night, and... | B: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of right upper abdominal pain and nausea that have become progressively worse since eating a large meal 8 hours ago. She has had intermittent pain similar to this before, but it has never lasted this long. She has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabe... | D: Gallstone in the cystic duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is admitted to the medical unit for worsening renal failure. Prior to admission, she was seen by her rheumatologist for a follow-up visit and was found to have significant proteinuria and hematuria on urinalysis and an elevated serum creatinine. She reports feeling ill and has noticed blood in her... | C: Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his neighbor because of altered mental status. He was found 6 hours ago stumbling through his neighbor's bushes and yelling obscenities. The neighbor helped him home but found him again 1 hour ago slumped over on his driveway in a puddle of vomit. He is orie... | D: Ethylene glycol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a psychotherapy session, a psychiatrist notes transference. Which of the following is an example of this phenomenon?? {'A': 'The patient feels powerless to change and blames his problems on the situation into which he was born', 'B': 'The patient feels that her father is too controling and interferes with all ... | C: The patient is annoyed by the doctor because he feels the doctor is lecturing like his mother used to do |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman complains of daytime somnolence. Her BMI is 32 kg/m3 and her husband says she snores frequently during the night. Polysomnography test reveals the patient experiences more than 5 obstructive events an hour. The patient is at increased risk of developing which of the following?? {'A': 'Pulmonary hy... | A: Pulmonary hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man comes to the physician for a 6-month history of progressively worsening fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion. He immigrated to the United States 35 years ago from India. His pulse is 89/min and blood pressure is 145/60 mm Hg. Crackles are heard at the lung bases. Cardiac examination shows a g... | D: Water hammer pulse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a pruritic generalized rash for 2 days. He returned from a 3-day outdoor summer camp 1 week ago. During his time there, one child was sent home after being diagnosed with measles. The patient was diagnosed with a seizure disorder 6 weeks ago and ... | A: Discontinue carbamazepine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of episodic palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. His pulse is 134/min and irregularly irregular, and his blood pressure is 165/92 mm Hg. An ECG shows a narrow complex tachycardia with absent P waves. He is prescribed ... | D: Inhibit the reduction of vitamin K |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after collapsing during soccer practice. The patient appears well. His pulse is 73/min and blood pressure is 125/78 mm Hg. Cardiac examination is shown. Rapid squatting decreases the intensity of the patient's auscultation finding.... | A: Asymmetric hypertrophy of the septum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of anxiety, difficulty focusing on tasks, and a 4.6-kg (10-lb) weight loss over the past 4 weeks. He is diaphoretic. His pulse is 100/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 150/78 mm Hg. Physical examination shows warm, moist skin, goiter, and a resting tr... | A: Atrioventricular node activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, nonproductive cough, and difficulty breathing. Three years ago, he underwent lung transplantation. A CT scan of the chest shows diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities. Pathologic examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimen shows several large ... | A: Foscarnet |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of joint pain and fatigue. She has a history of multiple unprovoked deep vein thromboses. Physical examination shows small bilateral knee effusions and erythematous raised patches with scaling and follicular plugging over the ears and scalp. Oral ... | A: Positive rapid plasma reagin test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing shortness of breath on exertion for 5 months. She reports that she can not climb more than 2 flights of stairs and she is no longer able to run her errands as usual. One year ago, she was diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. She underwent a rig... | E: Anthracyclines " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old male presents to your office for his annual flu shot. On physical exam you note several linear bruises on his back. Upon further questioning he denies abuse from his daughter and son-in-law, who live in the same house. The patient states he does not want this information shared with anyone. What is the ... | B: Breach patient confidentiality, as this patient is a potential victim of elder abuse and that is always reportable |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of easy fatigability and dyspnea on exertion. Menopause occurred 5 years ago. Her pulse is 105/min and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pallor of the nail beds and conjunctivae. A peripheral blood smear shows small, pale... | D: Positive stool guaiac test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man with a significant past medical history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia is brought to the emergency department by his wife. The wife states the symptoms started 1 hour ago when she noticed that he was having difficulty swallowing his breakfast and that his voice was hoar... | B: Denervation of the descending sympathetic tract |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old female presents to the emergency room with left hip pain after a fall. She is unable to move her hip due to pain. On exam, her left leg appears shortened and internally rotated. Hip radiographs reveal a fracture of the left femoral neck. She has a history of a distal radius fracture two years prior. Rev... | B: Osteonecrosis of the jaw |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman visits her family physician for a routine health check-up. During the consult, she complains about recent-onset constipation, painful defecation, and occasional pain with micturition for the past few months. Her menstrual cycles have always been regular with moderate pelvic pain during menses, whi... | B: Endometriosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician for chest tightness, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. She has experienced these symptoms during the past 2 weeks while climbing stairs but feels better when she sits down. She had a cold 2 weeks ago but has otherwise been well. She appears short of breath. Her respi... | E: Increased left ventricular oxygen demand |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency room for a self-inflicted laceration of her distal volar forearm. The patient states that she knew her husband was having sexual thoughts about the woman from the grocery store, prompting her decision to cut her own wrist. In the emergency department the bleeding is stopp... | B: Borderline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy’s parents brought him to a psychologist upon referral from the boy’s school teacher. The boy frequently bullies his younger classmates despite having been punished several times for this. His mother also reported that a year prior, she received complaints that the boy shoplifted from local shops in... | B: Conduct disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man is found dead in his home after his neighbors became concerned when they did not see him for several days. The man was described as a "recluse" who lived alone and mostly kept to himself. Medical records reveal that he had not seen a physician in over a decade. He had a known history of vascular dis... | A: Pain sensation from the right side of the body |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring results. Over the last 3 months, she has had intermittent nausea, decreased appetite, and increasing weakness and fatigue during the day. She has been treated twice for kidney stones within the past year. Her current me... | B: Increased serum parathyroid hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother. His mother reports that she found him playing under the sink yesterday. She was concerned because she keeps some poisons for pest control under the sink but did not believe that he came in contact with the poisons. However, this morning the boy aw... | C: Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A six-month-old male presents to the pediatrician for a well-child visit. The patient’s mother is concerned about the patient’s vision because he often turns his head to the right. She has begun trying to correct the head turn and places him on his back with his head turned in the opposite direction to sleep, but she... | B: Neck radiograph |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of fatigue, headache, and dry cough. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100°F). Chest examination shows mild inspiratory crackles in both lung fields. An x-ray of the chest shows diffuse intersti... | B: Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old Mediterranean man presents to the clinic for fatigue and lightheadedness for the past week. He reports an inability to exercise as his heart would beat extremely fast. He was recently diagnosed with active tuberculosis and started on treatment 2 weeks ago. He denies fever, weight loss, vision changes, c... | B: Drug-induced deficiency in vitamin B6 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two hours after delivery, a 1900-g (4-lb 3-oz) female newborn develops respiratory distress. She was born at 32 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy was complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension. Her temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), pulse is 140/min and respirations are 64/min. Examination shows bluish extremities. Gruntin... | C: Continous positive airway pressure ventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents to the student health department at his university for recurrent palpitations. The patient had previously presented to the emergency department (ED) for sudden onset palpitations five months ago when he first started college. He had a negative cardiac workup in the ED and he was discharged... | C: Panic disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of 6 months of progressive weakness in her arms and legs. During this time, she has also had difficulty swallowing and holding her head up. Examination shows pooling of oral secretions. Muscle strength and tone are decreased in the upper extremities. Deep tendon... | A: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma is admitted with fever, malaise, and dyspnea. He says that symptoms onset 2 days ago and have progressively worsened. Past medical history is significant for multiple abdominal surgeries including stenting of the pancreatic duct. Current inpatient medications... | B: Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-day-old neonate is being evaluated for a rash. The neonate was born at 39 weeks’ gestation to a gravida 3, para 2 immigrant from Guatemala with no prenatal care. Her previous pregnancies were uneventful. She has no history of group B strep screening, and she was given an injection of penicillin prior to delivery.... | D: Rubella |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of night sweats, pruritus, and enlarging masses in his right axilla and supraclavicular area for 2 weeks. Physical examination shows painless, rubbery lymphadenopathy in the right axillary, supraclavicular, and submental regions. An excisional biopsy of an axill... | B: Preponderance of lymphocytes with a single immunoglobulin variable domain allele |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the office for a routine health maintenance examination. He admits to recently having an affair several months ago and requests STD testing. One week later, the results of a fourth-generation HIV antibody and antigen test return positive. The patient is counseled on the test result. The pat... | A: Report the infection to the national health authorities |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents with daily substernal chest pain for the past year. In addition, he says that he often suffers from hoarseness and a cough in the mornings. His wife has also reported that he has developed bad breath. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus, managed with metformin. His phy... | C: Simple columnar epithelium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with fatigue. She reports that she has recently been sleeping more than usual and says her “arms and legs feel like lead” for most of the day. She has gained 10 pounds over the past 3 months which she attributes to eating out at restaurants frequently, partic... | A: Inhibition of amine degradation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man is brought to an urgent care clinic by his wife with complaints of dizziness and blurring of vision for several hours. His wife adds that he has had slurred speech since this morning and complained of difficulty swallowing last night. His wife mentions that her husband was working outdoors and ate s... | D: Inhibition of the release of acetylcholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of fatigue, intermittent abdominal pain, and bulky, foul-smelling diarrhea. She has had a 4-kg (8-lb 12-oz) weight loss during this period despite no changes in appetite. Examination of the abdomen shows no abnormalities. Staining of the stool wi... | E: Celiac disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old female presents to her PCP after having unprotected sex with her boyfriend 2 days ago. She has been monogamous with her boyfriend but is very concerned about pregnancy. The patient requests emergency contraception to decrease her likelihood of getting pregnant. A blood hCG test returns negative. The PCP... | A: Inhibition or delayed ovulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old HIV positive male presents to the office complaining of difficulty swallowing and bad breath for the past couple of months. Upon further questioning, he says, "it feels like there’s something in my throat". He says that the difficulty is sometimes severe enough that he has to skip meals. He added that i... | B: Candida albicans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents for follow-up to monitor his chronic hepatitis C treatment. The patient was infected with hepatitis C genotype 1, one year ago. He has been managed on a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin, but a sustained viral response has not been achieved. Past medical history is sig... | C: Simeprevir |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after coughing up copious amounts of blood-tinged sputum at his nursing home. He recently had an upper respiratory tract infection that was treated with antibiotics. He has a long-standing history of productive cough that has worsened since he had a stroke 3 ye... | A: Bronchiectasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old boy is brought to a pediatrician by his parents with a recurrent cough, which he has had since the age of 2 months. He has required 3 hospitalizations for severe wheezing episodes. His mother also mentions that he often has diarrhea. The boy’s detailed history reveals that he required hospitalization ... | B: Defective maturation and early degradation of the protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his family physician’s office for a routine visit and to discuss a growth on his toenail that has been gradually enlarging for a month. He has a history of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension and is on metformin, atorvastatin, and lisinopril. He admits to smoking 2 packs ... | A: Terbinafine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician due to her “feet feeling painful.” She reports initially having decreased sensation on both of her feet and recently her hands. She now experiences paresthesias, numbness, and a “burning pain.” She is recovering from a recent myocardial infarction. Approximat... | B: Gabapentin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of intermittent chest tightness that worsens with exercise. He has chronic atrial fibrillation treated with a drug that prolongs the QT interval. During cardiac stress testing, an ECG shows progressive shortening of the QT interval as the heart rate ... | D: Dofetilide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female presents to her primary care physician because she is concerned about lighter colored patches on her skin. She recently went sunbathing and noticed that these areas also did not tan. Her doctor explains that she has a fungal infection of the skin that damages melanocytes by producing acids. She i... | E: "Spaghetti and meatballs" fungus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old girl is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. She was born at 37 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy and the neonatal period were uncomplicated. The infant was exclusively breastfed and received vitamin D supplementation. She can sit unsupported and can transfer objects from one hand to the oth... | B: Introduce solid foods and continue vitamin D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for poor sleep. Her symptoms began approximately 1 week ago, when she started waking up multiple times throughout the night to urinate. She also reports an increase in her water intake for the past few days prior to presentation, as well as larger urine volum... | B: Desmopressin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the relationship between LDL and the incidence of heart disease. The patients were selected at random. Results showed a 10-year relative risk (RR) of 3.0 for people with elevated LDL levels compared to individuals with normal LDL levels. The p-value was 0.04 with a 9... | D: 67% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. The patient states that she felt this pain come on during dinner last night. Since then, she has felt bloated, constipated, and has been vomiting. Her current medications include metformin, insulin, levothyroxine, and ibuprofen. Her tempera... | D: Nasogastric tube, NPO, and IV fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male presents with palpitations. He reports drinking many glasses of wine over several hours at a family wedding the previous evening. An EKG reveals absent P waves and irregularly irregular rhythm. He does not take any medications. Which is most likely responsible for the patient’s symptoms?? {'A': 'At... | A: Atrial fibrillation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 3-hour history of crushing chest pain radiating to the left shoulder and neck. Patient states that the pain began suddenly when he was taking a walk around the block and has not improved with rest. He also mentions difficulty breathing and prefers to sit l... | D: Unsynchronized cardioversion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents to the clinic for evaluation of leg pain. This has been persistent for the past 3 days and accompanied by difficulty walking. He has also had some erythema and ecchymoses in the periorbital region over the same time period. The vital signs are unremarkable. The physical exam notes the above ... | D: Neuroblastoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy who recently immigrated from Namibia is being evaluated for exertional shortness of breath and joint pain for the past month. His mother reports that he used to play soccer but now is unable to finish a game before he runs out of air or begins to complain of knee pain. He was a good student but his ... | B: Type II hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the emergency department for the evaluation of two episodes of red urine since this morning. He has no pain with urination. He reports lower back pain and fever. Six months ago, he was diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the right knee that he manages with 1–2 tablets of ibuprofen per day. He ... | A: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old African American woman comes to the physician because of frequent urination. For the past year, she has had to urinate multiple times every hour. She has been thirstier and hungrier than usual. She has not had any pain with urination. She has no time to exercise because she works as an accountant. Her d... | B: Increased glomerular filtration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to an ambulatory clinic for evaluation after feeling food stuck behind the sternum when he was eating a hamburger last night. He was not in pain. He had to drink a whole glass of water to get the food down; however, he did manage to finish his dinner without any further problems. He is conc... | A: Endoscopic dilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old male with congestive heart failure experiences rapid decompensation of his condition, manifesting as worsening dyspnea, edema, and increased fatigue. Labs reveal an increase in his serum creatinine from baseline. As part of the management of this acute change, the patient is given IV dobutamine to alle... | B: Increased myocardial oxygen consumption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A neurophysiology expert is teaching his students the physiology of the neuromuscular junction. While describing the sequence of events that takes place at the neuromuscular junction, he mentions that as the action potential travels down the motor neuron, it causes depolarization of the presynaptic membrane. This res... | D: Exocytosis of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is trying to determine the proportion of white-eyed fruit flies in the environment. The white-eyed allele was found to be dominant to the red-eyed allele. The frequency of the red-eyed allele is 0.1. What is the proportion of flies who have white-eyes if the population is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium?? {... | E: 99% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying muscle contraction in tissue obtained from the thigh muscle of an experimental animal. After injection of radiolabeled ATP, the tissue is stimulated with electrical impulses. Radioassay of these muscle cells is most likely to show greatest activity in which of the following structures?? {'... | C: A band |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-month-old boy presents to his family physician after being brought in by his mother. She is concerned that her son has been sick for more than 5 days, and he is not getting better with home remedies and acetaminophen. On examination, the child has a sore throat and obvious congestion in the maxillary sinuses. Hi... | B: Hyper-IgM syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Health officials are considering a change be made to the interpretation of the tuberculin skin test that will change the cut-off for a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) from 10 mm to 15 mm for healthcare workers. Which of the following can be expected as a result of this change?? {'A': 'Decrease the sensitiv... | A: Decrease the sensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the office complaining of increased urinary frequency and dysuria. She is accompanied by her husband. The patient reports that she goes to the bathroom 6-8 times a day. Additionally, she complains of pain at the end of her urinary stream. She denies fever, abdominal pain, vaginal discharg... | D: Topical estrogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a motor vehicle accident in which he was a restrained passenger. He is confused and appears anxious. His pulse is 131/min, respirations are 29/min, and blood pressure is 95/49 mm Hg. Physical examination shows ecchymosis over the upper a... | C: Beneficence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25 year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend after she cut her forearms with a knife. She has had multiple visits to the emergency department in the past few months for self-inflicted wounds. She claims that her boyfriend is the worst person in the world. She and her boyfriend have brok... | E: Borderline personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with acute pain in the left lower abdomen and profuse rectal bleeding. These symptoms started 3 hours ago. The patient has chronic constipation and bloating, for which he takes lactulose. His family history is negative for gastrointestinal disorders. His temperat... | B: Volume replacement, analgesia, intravenous antibiotics, and endoscopic hemostasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effects of different drugs on the contraction of cardiomyocytes. The myocytes are able to achieve maximal contractility with the administration of drug A. The subsequent administration of drug B produces the response depicted in the graph shown. Which of the following drugs is most lik... | C: Pindolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of several episodes of urinary incontinence over the past several months. She reports that she was not able to get to the bathroom in time. During the past 6 months, her husband has noticed that she is starting to forget important appointments and family m... | C: Inability to suppress voiding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents with a history of diarrhea several days after eating a hot dog at a neighborhood barbeque. He notes that the diarrhea is visibly bloody, but he has not experienced a fever. He adds that several other people from his neighborhood had similar complaints, many of which required hospitalization... | B: Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician for severe back pain. He describes the pain as shooting and stabbing. On a 10-point scale, he rates the pain as a 9 to 10. The pain started after he lifted a heavy box at work; he works at a supermarket and recently switched from being a cashier to a storekeeper. The patient a... | C: """I understand that you are uncomfortable, but the findings do not match the severity of your symptoms. Let's talk about the recent changes at your job.""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of pain in her lower extremity. The patient states that the pain has gradually worsened over the past month. The patient states that her pain is worsened when she is training. The patient is a business student who does not have a signi... | A: Friction with the lateral femoral epicondyle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for fatigue. In general, he has been in good health; however, he recently has experienced some weight loss, abdominal pain, and general fatigue. He has a past medical history of anxiety, diabetes, a fracture of his foot sustained when he tripped, and a recent c... | D: Leukemoid reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old male comes to the physician because of painful genital sores, malaise, and fever for 3 days. He is sexually active with 3 female partners and does not use condoms consistently. His temperature is 38.3°C (101°F). Physical examination shows tender lymphadenopathy in the left inguinal region and multiple, ... | A: Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman makes an appointment with a fertility specialist because she has not been able to conceive despite trying for over a year with her husband. She is concerned because her husband has 2 children from a previous marriage whereas she has no children. After obtaining a detailed history as well as lab te... | E: Visual disturbances |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his physician’s office with complaints of a cough and painful breathing for the last 2 months. He says that he has also observed a 5 kg (11 lb) weight loss during the past month. He is relatively healthy but the sudden change in his health worries him. Another problem that he has been fa... | C: Right upper lobe |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for memory issues over the last 7 months. The patient's wife feels that he has gradually become more forgetful. He commonly misplaces his car keys and forgets his children's names. He seems to have forgotten how to make dinner and sometimes serves uncooked noo... | E: MRI of the brain " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old girl is brought to the office by her parents because they noticed a mass protruding from her rectum and, she has been producing green colored emesis for the past 24 hours. Her parents noticed the mass when she had a bowel movement while changing her diaper. She strained to have this bowel movement 24 ho... | C: Hirschsprung disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the physician for a pre-employment evaluation. On questioning, he reports a mild cough, sore throat, and occasional headaches for 1 week. He has not had fever or weight loss. Nine years ago, he was diagnosed with HIV. He has gastroesophageal reflux disease. He has a history of IV drug abuse... | B: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old chronic smoker presents to the office complaining of a cough and pleuritic chest pain. He also has had pain in his right shoulder for the past 2 weeks. He denies fever, night sweats, but has noticed a 2.2 kg (5 lb) weight loss in the last month. He has no recent history of travel. Past medical history i... | C: Histiocytosis X |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week-old boy has developed bilious vomiting. He was born via cesarean section at term. On physical exam, his pulse is 140, blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, and respirations are 40/min. His abdomen appears distended and appears diffusely tender to palpation. Abdominal imaging is obtained (Figures A). Which of the fol... | C: Abnormal rotation of the midgut |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of pain in the sides of his abdomen and blood-tinged urine since the previous night. Over the last 2 days, he has also had progressive malaise, myalgia, and a generalized itchy rash. He has a history of gastroesophageal reflux that did not respond to ranitid... | A: Elevated levels of eosinophils in urine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe epigastric pain and vomiting for the past 4 hours. The pain is constant, radiates to his back, and is worse on lying down. He has had 3–4 episodes of greenish-colored vomit. He was treated for H. pylori infection around 2 months ago with tripl... | E: Crystalloid fluid infusion " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents with severe, acute-onset colicky abdominal pain and nausea. She also describes bone pain, constipation, headache, decreased vision, and menstrual irregularity. Past medical history is significant for surgical removal of an insulinoma one year ago. Two months ago, she was prescribed fluoxe... | C: Decreased urine pH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of dyspnea and left-sided chest pain that is worse when she breathes deeply. One week ago, she returned from a trip to Chile, where she had a 3-day episode of flu-like symptoms that resolved without treatm... | D: Noncompressible femoral vein on ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old gentleman with a history of intravenous drug use presents with general fatigue and weakness accompanied by swelling in his ankles and lower legs. Further questions elicit that he has had many infections due to his drug use but has not previously had any cardiac or pulmonary issues. Upon physical examina... | C: Tricuspid regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34 year-old-male with a previous diagnosis of Grave’s disease presents for a check-up. Since his diagnosis 4 months ago, the patient’s symptoms have been relatively well-controlled with medications since starting them 3 weeks ago after an initial unsuccessful course of radioiodine ablation. The patient’s complete b... | C: Methimazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath after waking up in the middle of the night with a "choking" sensation. The patient has a history of hypertension and MI. Physical examination reveals bibasilar inspiratory crackles and an S3 heart sound. Which of the following drugs should be ... | B: A drug that acts on the Na/K/Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An autopsy of a patient's heart who recently died in a motor vehicle accident shows multiple nodules near the line of closure on the ventricular side of the mitral valve leaflet. Microscopic examination shows that these nodules are composed of immune complexes, mononuclear cells, and thrombi interwoven with fibrin st... | C: A 41-year-old female with a facial rash and nonerosive arthritis |
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