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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents with burning and shooting in his feet and lower legs, which becomes more severe at night. In the past 6 months, the pain has become much worse and disturbs his sleep. He has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension. Which of the following best represent the etiology ... | D: Distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old gentleman presents with new onset bilateral paresthesias of his feet. He also admits that he has not been able to exercise as much as previously and his friends have commented that he looks pale. Upon physical exam you find that he has conjunctival pallor and mildly decreased sensation and proprioceptio... | C: Pernicious anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old homeless man presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and cramping for the past 3 hours. He endorses radiation to his back. He adds that he vomited multiple times. He admits having been hospitalized repeatedly for alcohol intoxication and abdominal pain. His temperature is 103.8° ... | B: Pancreatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of a choking sensation, palpitations, diffuse sweating, and shortness of breath over the past 3 months. These episodes occur without warning and last for about 10 minutes before gradually resolving. One episode occurred while ... | A: Prescribe fluoxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents to an outpatient clinic complaining of an increasing vaginal discharge over the last week. The discharge is foul-smelling. The menstrual cycles are regular and last 4–5 days. The patient denies postcoital or intermenstrual bleeding. The last menstrual period was 2 weeks ago. She mentions ... | D: Trichomonas vaginalis infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of epigastric pain that has worsened over the past three weeks. She describes it as sudden “gnawing” sensations that last for up to half a minute before subsiding. She finds some relief after a glass of water, but does not associate rel... | D: "Intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia are reversible, requiring immediate medical therapy." |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl presents with pain in her right lower abdomen. She says the pain is sudden, severe, colicky, and associated with nausea and vomiting. Physical examination reveals tachycardia, point tenderness, and rebound tenderness in the right iliac region. Emergency laparotomy reveals an inflamed appendix. Her ... | A: Phagocytosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and decreased urination for the past 3 days. His creatinine is 2.5 mg/dL. A photomicrograph of a biopsy specimen of the right kidney is shown. Which of the following mechanisms most likely contributed to this patient's biopsy findings?? {'A': 'Fibrin formati... | A: Fibrin formation in Bowman space |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An immunologist is studying the stages of development of T lymphocytes in the thymus. He knows that double-negative T cells do not express CD4 or CD8 molecules. After undergoing development within the subcapsular zone in the thymus, double-negative T cells begin to move towards the medulla. While en route within the ... | A: CD3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 66-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of rough skin over his forehead and the back of his hands. He has tried applying different types of moisturizers with no improvement. He has worked on a farm all his life. Physical examination shows two erythematous papules with a gritty textu... | A: Keratin pearls |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A neurology resident sees a stroke patient on the wards. This 57-year-old man presented to the emergency department after sudden paralysis of his right side. He was started on tissue plasminogen activator within 4 hours, as his wife noticed the symptoms and immediately called 911. When the resident asks the patient h... | D: Temporal lobe |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-week-old male newborn is brought to the physician for the evaluation of persistent irritability and crying. He was born at 36 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. His mother reports that she nurses him frequently and changes his diapers 18–20 times per day. He is at the 5th percentile fo... | B: Bumetanide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son because of progressive memory loss for the past year. She feels tired and can no longer concentrate on her morning crossword puzzles. She has gained 11.3 kg (25 lb) in the last year. Her father died from complications of Alzheimer disease. She has a history o... | B: Autoimmune thyroid disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents with abdominal cramps and diarrhea over the last few weeks. He notes that several of his bowel movements have a small amount of blood. Past medical history is significant for an intermittent cough that has been persistent since returning from Mexico last month. The patient takes no current ... | B: Ivermectin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are called to a hemodialysis suite. The patient is a 61-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus-induced end-stage renal disease who has required hemodialysis for the past year. His current hemodialysis session is nearing the end when the nurse notices that h... | A: Stop ultrafiltration and decrease blood flow into the machine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man with hypertension comes to the hospital because of 4 days of left-sided chest pain, cough, and fever. The chest pain worsens upon inspiration and coughing. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3° F), pulse is 110/min, respirations are 29/min. There is dullness to percussion at the left base of the lung. A... | B: Decreased glucose concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy presents to the emergency department of a hospital located in the town of Recuay (which is situated at 3,400 meters above mean sea level [MAMSL]) in the Ancash Region (Peru), 48 hours after returning from a 21-day stay in Lima (the capital city of Peru at 0 MAMSL). The patient has no previous medica... | C: Marked increase in pressure gradient can lead to tissue hypoxia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of muscle pains, poor sleep, and daytime fatigue. When asked about stressors she states that she "panics" about her job, marriage, children, and finances. When asked to clarify what the "panics" entail, she states that it involves severe worry... | A: Generalized anxiety disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old is brought to his primary care provider by his mother. They are concerned that his acne is getting worse and may leave scars. They have tried several over the counter products without success. He is otherwise healthy and without complaint. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal d... | C: 47 XYY |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 1-day history of headache, blurry vision, and confusion. His wife also says that he hasn't urinated in the past 24 hours. Despite appropriate measures, the patient dies shortly after admission. A photomicrograph of a section of the kidn... | B: Severe hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman with a history of anorectal abscesses complains of pain in the perianal region. Physical examination reveals mild swelling, tenderness, and erythema of the perianal skin. She is prescribed oral ampicillin and asked to return for follow-up. Two days later, the patient presents with a high-grade fev... | C: Production of beta-lactamase enzyme |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old woman comes to see her primary care physician for a physical for school. She states she has not had any illnesses last year and is on her school's volleyball team. She exercises daily, does not use any drugs, and has never smoked cigarettes. On physical exam you note bruising around the patients neck, ... | D: Sexual masochism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of bloody stools. During this time, he has not had nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or pain while defecating. He has had recurrent episodes of non-bloody diarrhea for the past 6 months. His father died of colon cancer at the age of 39 years. His v... | D: Gardner syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the office by his step-parents because he was recently caught beating a stray cat in an alley near his home. He has a police record which includes vandalism, shoplifting, and running away on two occasions. He has also received several detentions and threats of expulsion from school due... | C: Conduct disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators discovers a novel monomeric enzyme that cleaves glutamate-valine bonds in a bacterial exotoxin. The substrate binding site of the enzyme is rich in aspartate. A sample of the enzyme is added to two serum samples containing the bacterial exotoxin. One sample is assigned a test condition while ... | B: Increased enzyme concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27 year-old-male presents to the Emergency Room as a code trauma after being shot in the neck. En route, the patient’s blood pressure is 127/73 mmHg, pulse is 91/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air with GCS of 15. On physical exam, the patient is in no acute distress; however, th... | D: CT angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to the physician with palpitations and increasing swelling of the legs over the past 3 months. During this time, she has also had generalized pruritus. She has dyspnea on exertion. She has no history of asthma. She occasionally takes ibuprofen for chronic headaches she has had for several... | D: Hypereosinophilic syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man is scheduled to undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer in 2 weeks. He had a myocardial infarction at the age of 54 years. He has a history of GERD, unstable angina, hyperlipidemia, and severe osteoarthritis in the left hip. He is unable to climb up stairs or walk fast because o... | B: Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after he fell from the roof of his house. On arrival, he is unresponsive to verbal and painful stimuli. His pulse is 72/min and blood pressure is 132/86 mm Hg. A CT scan of the head shows a fracture in the anterior cranial fossa and a 1-cm laceration... | C: Astrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an itchy rash on her leg 3 days after she returned from a camping trip with her grandchildren. Examination shows a linear, erythematous, maculopapular rash on the left lower extremity. Treatment with a drug is begun that is also effective for motion sickness. One ... | B: Antagonism at acetylcholine receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found by police confused and lethargic in the park. The policemen report that the patient could not recall where he was or how he got there. Medical history is significant for multiple prior hospitalizations for acute pancreatitis. He also has sched... | C: Transketolase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is rushed to the urgent care department from a friend’s birthday party with breathing trouble. He is immediately placed on supplemental oxygen therapy. The patient’s father explains that peanut butter treats were served at the event, but he reported not having witnessed his son actually eat one. Duri... | A: Type 1–anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. He is agitated. He has pain in his upper right arm, which he is cradling in his left arm. His temperature is 36.7°C (98°F), pulse is 135/min, respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 145/90 mm ... | B: Intubation with positive pressure ventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of an episode of seeing jagged edges followed by loss of central vision in his right eye. The episode occurred 6 hours ago and lasted approximately 5 minutes. The patient has no pain. He has a 3-month history of intermittent blurriness out of his right eye a... | E: Carotid duplex ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to a clinic with complaints of abdominal discomfort and blood in the urine for 2 days. He has had similar abdominal discomfort during the past 5 years, although he does not remember passing blood in the urine. He has had hypertension for the past 2 years, for which he has been prescribed me... | A: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician because his urine has been pink since that morning. During the past 2 days, he has had a sore throat and difficulty swallowing. He also reports having a low-grade fever. He has no pain with urination or changes in urinary frequency. He has had 2 similar episodes involving... | D: IgA mesangial deposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to your clinic with “low back pain”. When asked to point to the area that bothers him the most, he motions to both his left and right flank. He describes the pain as deep, dull, and aching for the past few months. His pain does not change significantly with movement or lifting heavy objects... | E: Chromosome 16 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 22 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of a 2-day history of confusion and falls. Pregnancy has been complicated by excessive vomiting and an 8-kg (17-lb) weight loss over the past 10 weeks. Physical examination shows vertical nysta... | C: α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old professional surfer presents to the emergency room with leg pain and a headache. He recently returned from a surf competition in Hawaii and has been feeling unwell for several days. He regularly smokes marijuana and drinks 6-7 beers during the weekend. He is otherwise healthy and does not take any medic... | E: Question mark-shaped bacteria on dark-field microscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident where he was an unrestrained passenger. On initial presentation in the field, he had diffuse abdominal tenderness and his blood pressure is 70/50 mmHg and pulse is 129/min. Following administration of 2 L of normal saline, his b... | D: Muddy brown casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man presents with progressive malaise, weakness, and confusion. The patient’s wife reports general deterioration over the last 3 days. He suffers from essential hypertension, but this is well controlled with amlodipine. He also has type 2 diabetes mellitus that is treated with metformin. On physical exa... | E: Cardiac pump dysfunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A graduate student in public health is conducting a study on population health and is comparing different demographic models. He is particularly interested in investigating health care interventions in societies with the demographic distribution shown. Which of the following measures is most likely to ensure a health... | B: Invest in childhood immunization programs |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to the office with chief complaints of skin pigmentation and fragility of the extensor sides of both hands for a month. The lesions are progressive and are not directly sensitive to light. The patient is otherwise healthy and only uses an oral contraceptive. There is no skin disease or si... | A: Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In a routine medical examination, a young man is noted to be tall with slight scoliosis and pectus excavatum. He had been told that he was over the 95% percentile for height as a child. Auscultation reveals a heart murmur, and transthoracic echocardiography shows an enlarged aortic root and mitral valve prolapse. Blo... | D: Aortic dissection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four days after delivery, a 1400-g (3-lb 1-oz) newborn has a tonic seizure that lasts for 30 seconds. Over the past 24 hours, he has become increasingly lethargic. He was born at 31 weeks' gestation. Antenatal period was complicated by chorioamnionitis. Apgar scores were 4 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. He a... | E: Germinal matrix hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents with palpitations and lightheadedness. She says that symptoms onset 3 days ago and have not improved. She denies any similar episodes in this past. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, heart rate is 150/min, respiratory rate is 16/min, and temperature is 36.6℃ (97.9℉). An ECG is performed ... | A: Flecainide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after undergoing left hemicolectomy for a colonic mass, a 62-year-old man develops shortness of breath. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 80/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 120/78 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 88%. Cardiopulmonary examination ... | D: Decreased ratio of ventilated alveoli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe abdominal pain for the past 2 hours. He has a 2-year history of burning epigastric pain that gets worse with meals. His pulse is 120/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg. Despite appropriate lifesaving measures, he d... | E: Lesser curvature of the stomach |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A primigravida, 29-year-old woman presents in her 28th week of pregnancy for evaluation of 3 hours of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. She denies any trauma and states that this is the first time she has had such symptoms. Her prenatal care has been optimal and all of her antenatal screenings have been within nor... | E: Threatened abortion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because of shortness of breath. He is an office worker who has a mostly sedentary lifestyle; however, he has noticed that recently he feels tired and short of breath when going on long walks with his wife. He also has had a hacking cough that seems to linger, t... | B: Defective protein folding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man with a history of gout and hypertension presents to his family physician with a complaint of increased left knee pain over the past 2 days. He also reports swelling and redness of the left knee and is unable to bear weight on that side. He denies any prior surgery or inciting trauma to the knee. His... | E: Vancomycin and ceftazidime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old male presents to a cardiac surgeon for evaluation of severe aortic stenosis. He has experienced worsening dyspnea with exertion over the past year. The patient also has a history of poorly controlled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. An echocardiogram revealed a thickened calcified ao... | C: Femoral nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to the medicine clinic with swelling around the right side of her chin and neck (Image A). She reports pain when moving her jaw and chewing. Her symptoms developed two days after receiving an uncomplicated tonsillectomy. She has been followed by a general medical physician since birth and... | D: Acute bacterial parotitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from hospice. The patient has been complaining of worsening pain over the past few days and states that it is no longer bearable. The patient has a past medical history of pancreatic cancer which is being managed in hospice. The patient desires no "heroic measu... | B: Morphine and fentanyl patch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of vaginal dryness and pain during sexual intercourse with her husband. Four months ago, she was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer and is currently undergoing chemotherapy. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 15 years but quit when she was di... | E: Exemestane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying physiologic renal responses to common medical conditions. She measures urine osmolalities in different parts of the nephron of a human subject in the emergency department. The following values are obtained: Portion of nephron Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) Proximal convoluted tubule 300 Loop of He... | B: Dehydration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman presents to the primary care physician for a regular check-up. History reveals that she has had episodes of mild urinary incontinence over the past 2 years precipitated by sneezing or laughing. However, over the past week, her urinary incontinence has occurred during regular activities. Her blood ... | C: Urine culture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for evaluation of sudden-onset chest pain. Three days after admission, he develops severe shortness of breath. Despite appropriate care, the patient dies. The heart at autopsy is shown. Which of the following most likely contributed to this patient's cause of death?? {'A'... | A: Occlusion of the posterior descending artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician with a rash on the dorsal surfaces of her hands and feet for the past month. The rash began as blisters that developed a few days after she had been sunbathing on the beach. Photographs of the rash are shown. She has no history of similar symptoms, takes no medications, and ... | D: Phlebotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year old man presents to the emergency department for blood in his stool. The patient states that he saw a small amount of bright red blood on his stool and on the toilet paper this morning, which prompted his presentation to the emergency department. The patient denies any changes in his bowel habits or in his ... | A: Anoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician with a 5-day history of mild shortness of breath with exertion. She has also had a cough for 5 days that became productive of whitish non-bloody sputum 3 days ago. Initially, she had a runny nose, mild headaches, and diffuse muscle aches. She has not had fevers or chills. Th... | A: Supportive treatment only |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of episodic abdominal pain and fullness for 1 month. She works as an assistant at an animal shelter and helps to feed and bathe the animals. Physical examination shows hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound shows a 4-cm calcified cyst with several daughter cysts in the l... | E: Echinococcus granulosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One day after giving birth to a 4050-g (8-lb 15-oz) male newborn, a 22-year-old woman experiences involuntary loss of urine. The urine loss occurs intermittently in the absence of an urge to urinate. It is not exacerbated by sneezing or coughing. Pregnancy was uncomplicated except for two urinary tract infections tha... | E: Inadequate intermittent catheterization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of easy bruising and recurrent nosebleeds over the past 4 months. During the same time period, the patient has felt weak and has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows mucosal pallor and bruising on the upper and lower extremities in various stages... | B: Neoplastic lymphocytes that stain positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new mother brings in her 2-week-old son because of a painful itchy rash on his trunk. Vital signs are within normal limits. A basic chemistry panel reveal sodium 135 mmol/L, potassium 4.1 mmol/L, chloride 107 mmol/L, carbon dioxide 22, blood urea nitrogen 30 mg/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, and glucose 108 mg/dL. On ph... | B: Atopic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after being admitted to the hospital for an appendectomy, a 69-year-old woman develops cough and dyspnea. The cough is productive of small amounts of green sputum. Her temperature is 39.0°C (102.2°F), pulse is 107/min, respirations are 31/min, and blood pressure is 89/68 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air s... | C: Cefepime and vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman seeks evaluation of difficult and incomplete voiding and spontaneous urine leakage that occurs continuously during the day and night. The symptoms are not associated with physical exertion. She denies any urethral or vaginal discharge. She is menopausal and does not take hormone replacement therap... | C: Blockage of M-cholinoreceptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3200-g (7.1-lb) female newborn is delivered at 38 weeks' gestation to a 24-year-old woman. The mother had regular prenatal visits throughout the pregnancy. The newborn's blood pressure is 53/35 mm Hg. Examination in the delivery room shows clitoromegaly and posterior labial fusion. One day later, serum studies show... | B: Increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man seeks evaluation at a local walk-in clinic for mid-low back pain of several weeks. He has tried different rehabilitation therapies and medications with no improvement. He was prescribed some pain medications and sent home last week, but the patient presents today with difficulty walking and worsenin... | C: Perineural invasion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G1P0 at 12 weeks gestation presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. She and her husband both have achondroplasia, and she is curious what are the chances that they will have a child of average height. What percent of pregnancies between two individuals with achondroplasia that result i... | B: 33% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman has frequent sexual fantasies about female coworkers. When she is with her friends in public, she never misses an opportunity to make derogatory comments about same-sex couples she sees. Which of the following psychological defense mechanisms is she demonstrating?? {'A': 'Reaction formation', 'B':... | A: Reaction formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for evaluation of severe central chest pain of 2 hours. She says the pain is heavy in nature and radiates to her jaw. She has no relevant past medical history. The vital signs and physical examination are non-contributory. Echocardiography is performed. Mitral ... | D: Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of fever, weakness, diffuse abdominal pain, and multiple lumps on his body. He has recently returned to the USA from a 3-month agricultural internship in South America. Physical examination shows enlarged superficial cervical and inguinal lymph node... | D: Paracoccidioidomycosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old Caucasian male presents to the emergency room after being shot in the arm in a hunting accident. His shirt is soaked through with blood. He has a blood pressure of 65/40, a heart rate of 122, and his skin is pale, cool to the touch, and moist. This patient is most likely experiencing all of the followin... | C: Increased stroke volume |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents to her physician with an increased vaginal discharge. She has no other complaints. She has recently changed her sexual partner, who claims to have no genitourinary symptoms. They do not use condoms. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure, 110/80 mm Hg; heart rate, 65/min; respirat... | A: Peroral metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of recurrent episodes of chest pain, difficulty breathing, and rapid heart beating over the past two months. During this period, he has had a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss, malaise, pain in both knees, and diffuse muscle pain. Five years ago, he was diagnosed wi... | C: Polyarteritis nodosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man who is employed as a construction worker presents to his primary care physician with complaints of moderate headaches and profuse sweating. He reports the need to carry up to 3 additional shirt changes to work because they drench quickly even with tasks of low physical exertion. His coworkers have c... | B: Increased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man with a history of IV drug use presents to the ED with complaints of fevers, chills, and malaise for one week. He admits to recently using IV and intramuscular heroin. Vital signs are as follows: T 40.0 C, HR 120 bpm, BP 110/68 mmHg, RR 14, O2Sat 98%. Examination reveals a new systolic murmur that is... | C: IV Vancomycin, IV ceftriaxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An ECG from an 8-year-old male with neurosensory deafness and a family history of sudden cardiac arrest demonstrates QT-interval prolongation. Which of the following is this patient most at risk of developing?? {'A': 'Hypertrophic cardiac myopathy', 'B': 'Essential hypertension', 'C': 'Cardiac tamponade', 'D': 'Torsa... | D: Torsades de pointes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for management of a lung nodule. The nodule was discovered incidentally when a chest radiograph was performed to rule out pneumonia. The nodule is 8.5 mm in size and was confirmed by CT. The patient is otherwise healthy, has never smoked, and exercises regularl... | D: PET scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a car accident; he was extricated after 4 hours. He did not lose consciousness and does not have headache or nausea. He is in severe pain. He sustained severe injuries to both arms and the trauma team determines that surgical intervention is needed. Urina... | A: Intravenous calcium gluconate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man is brought to the emergency room because of confusion. His wife says he has been urinating more frequently than usual for the past 3 days. He has not had fever or dysuria. He has bipolar disorder, for which he takes lithium. His pulse is 105/min, and respirations are 14/min. He is lethargic and orie... | D: Collecting duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two studies are reviewed for submission to an oncology journal. In Sudy A, a novel MRI technology is evaluated as a screening tool for ovarian cancer. The authors find that the mean survival time is 4 years in the control group and 10 years in the MRI-screened group. In Study B, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and... | A: Lead time bias; Pygmalion effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An epidemiologist is interested in studying the clinical utility of a free computerized social skills training program for children with autism. A total of 125 participants with autism (mean age: 12 years) were recruited for the study and took part in weekly social skills training sessions for 3 months. Participants ... | C: Observer bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the office for a diabetes follow-up visit. He currently controls his diabetes through lifestyle modification only. He monitors his blood glucose at home with a glucometer every day. He gives the doctor a list of his most recent early morning fasting glucose readings from the past 8 days ... | C: 129 mg/dL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because of weak urine stream, and increasing difficulty in initiating and stopping urination. He also reports of mild generalized body aches and weakness during the day. The past medical history includes diabetes mellitus type 2 for 35 years and essential hyper... | B: Type 4 renal tubular acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the family medicine clinic after noticing a gradually enlarging smooth and symmetrical bump on his left forearm at the site of his PPD placement 2 days ago. The patient takes lisinopril for hypertension and metformin for diabetes mellitus type 2. He was screened for tuberculosis 2 days a... | D: Isoniazid for 9 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male is involuntarily admitted to the county psychiatric unit for psychotic behavior over the past three months. The patient's mother explained to the psychiatrist that her son had withdrawn from family and friends, appeared to have no emotions, and had delusions that he was working for the CIA. When he... | B: Schizophreniform disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female is brought by her brother to the emergency department after having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure one hour ago. She is slightly confused and has no recollection of her seizure. Her brother relayed that the patient has a history of severe anxiety for which she takes medication. For the past se... | A: Diazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother after an episode of turning blue on the playground. The mother states that the girl starting crying, and her fingers and hands turned blue. On examination, the patient is playful and in no apparent distress. She is afebrile and the vital signs are... | E: Failed formation of the septum secundum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because she has been waking up multiple times at night to go to the bathroom even though she avoids drinking large amounts of water close to bedtime. She has no significant medical history apart from 3 episodes of lower urinary tract infections treated with... | A: Necrosis of the renal papillae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the urgent care center after testing negative for HIV. She recently had sexual intercourse for the first time and had used a condom with her long-term boyfriend. She has no personal history of serious illness and no history of sexually transmitted infections. However, the patient is still ... | E: Decreased negative predictive value |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to a free dermatology clinic, complaining of itchy skin over the past several days. He has no insurance and lives in a homeless shelter. The patient has no significant medical history. Physical evaluation reveals 2 mm erythematous papules and vesicles on his back and groin, with linear exco... | C: Permethrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of lower back pain. He has had several episodes of painless hematuria over the past 2 months. Physical examination shows localized tenderness over the lumbar spine. A CT scan shows multiple osteolytic lesions in the body of the lumbar vertebrae. Cys... | B: Cigarette smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Eight hours after undergoing an open right hemicolectomy and a colostomy for colon cancer, a 52-year-old man has wet and bloody surgical dressings. He has had episodes of blood in his stools during the past 6 months, which led to the detection of colon cancer. He has hypertension and ischemic heart disease. His young... | D: Insufficient mechanical hemostasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy follows up with his primary care physician for ongoing management of a urinary tract infection. He recently started middle school and has been having a difficult time navigating the school since he ambulates with leg braces and crutches. Consequently, he has not had sufficient time to use his urinar... | C: Days 21-35 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after his wife found him unresponsive 1 hour ago. He had fallen from a flight of stairs the previous evening. Four years ago, he underwent a mitral valve replacement. He has hypertension and coronary artery disease. Current medications include aspirin, warfarin... | E: Right-sided hemiplegia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his physician with increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. These symptoms have increased gradually over the past 3 years. He has no past medical history or current medications. Also, he has no family history of endocrinological or cardiovascular diseases. The blood pressure is... | C: Plasma glucose of 209 mg/dL 2 hours after the oral glucose load |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a routine visit. He is in good health but has a 15 pack-year smoking history. He has tried to quit multiple times and expresses frustration in his inability to do so. He states that he has a 6-year-old son that was recently diagnosed with asthma and that he... | B: Bupropion in conjunction with nicotine replacement therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pathologist receives a patient sample for analysis. Cells in the sample are first labeled with fluorescent antibodies and then passed across a laser beam in a single file of particles. The light scatter and fluorescent intensity of the particles are plotted on a graph; this information is used to characterize the s... | A: Pancytopenia and deep vein thrombosis with intermittent hemoglobinuria |
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