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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q: A 50-year-old man presents with headache, chest discomfort, and blurred vision. His headache started 2 days ago and has not improved. He describes it as severe, throbbing, localized to the occipital part of the head and worse at the end of the day. He says he has associated nausea but denies any vomiting. Past medic... | A: Smooth muscle hyperplasia and duplication of the basement membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Forty minutes after undergoing nasal polypectomy for refractory rhinitis, a 48-year-old woman develops chest tightness and shortness of breath. The surgical course was uncomplicated and the patient was successfully extubated. She received ketorolac for postoperative pain. She has a history of asthma, hypertension, an... | C: Pseudoallergic reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his physician’s office with a persistent fever that started a week ago. He says that his temperature ranges between 37.8–39.1°C (100–102.5°F). He has also had a persistent cough productive of foul-smelling sputum. There is no significant medical history to report, but he does mention tha... | D: Clindamycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because he was found to have severe abdominal pain and vomiting in school. On presentation, he is found to be lethargic and difficult to arouse. His parents noticed that he was eating and drinking more over the last month; however, they attributed the changes ... | E: E |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of cough, breathlessness, and fatigue. He has also had an 8-kg (17.6-lb) weight loss and night sweats during this time. He appears pale. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows hepatosplenomegaly. His leukocyte count is... | D: Leukemoid reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of right eye irritation. The eye is itchy and red. Discomfort has been relatively constant for the last 6 months, and nothing makes it better or worse. Past medical history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and aggressive tooth decay, requiring severa... | A: Artificial tears |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents to your office with dyspnea, reporting nocturnal cough. You note expiratory wheezing on auscultation. Chest x-ray reveals increased anteroposterior diameter. Past medical history is significant for multiple episodes of "bronchitis" as a child. Which of the following drugs would be most effe... | B: Fluticasone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman presents complaining of severe shortness of breath and peripheral edema. Her family reports that she has gained a significant amount of weight within the past week. Despite considerable efforts in the emergency department and ICU, she dies from sudden cardiac death overnight. The family requests a... | B: Congestive heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of an itchy rash on her knee and elbow creases. She has had this rash since early childhood. Physical examination of the affected skin shows crusty erythematous papules with skin thickening. She is prescribed topical pimecrolimus. The beneficial effect of this dr... | E: Dephosphorylation of serine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two weeks ago, he underwent laparoscopic herniorrhaphy for an indirect inguinal hernia. During the procedure, a black liver was noted. He has a history of intermittent scleral icterus that resolved without treatment. Serum studies show: Aspartate a... | B: Dubin-Johnson syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-day history of painless blisters on her hands, forearms, and face. Some of the blisters have popped and released a clear fluid. She is otherwise healthy. She had been working the night shift as a security guard for the past few years and switched to the day sh... | E: Increased urinary uroporphyrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his mother who reports he has appeared lethargic for the past 3 hours. She reports that she left the patient with a new nanny this morning, and he was behaving normally. When she got home in the afternoon, the patient seemed lethargic and would not breastfeed as u... | A: Crescent-shaped hematoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to his primary care physician complaining of abdominal pain. He describes intermittent, burning, epigastric pain over the past 4 months. He reports that the pain worsens following meals. He had an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy done 2 months ago that showed a gastric ulcer without evidence o... | E: Smoking cessation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An newborn infant comes to the attention of the neonatal care unit because he started having heavy and rapid breathing. In addition, he was found to be very irritable with pale skin and profuse sweating. Finally, he was found to have cold feet with diminished lower extremity pulses. Cardiac auscultation reveals a har... | B: Prostaglandin E1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man with a history of stage 4 kidney disease was admitted to the hospital for an elective hemicolectomy. His past medical history is significant for severe diverticulitis. After the procedure he becomes septic and was placed on broad spectrum antibiotics. On morning rounds, he appear weak and complains ... | C: Send the patient for hemodialysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician for increasing shortness of breath and retrosternal chest pain on exertion. He has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 35 years. His blood pressure is 145/90 mm Hg. Cardiac examination is shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's auscultation ... | A: Left ventricular failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents with fatigue and tingling in both feet and hands. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 27 years ago, for which he takes metformin and gliclazide. He denies any smoking, alcohol, or illicit drug use. Physical examination is unremarkable. Laboratory resul... | A: Impaired DNA synthesis of red cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for evaluation before going off to college. Specifically, he wants to know how to stay healthy while living outside his home. Since childhood he has suffered severe sunburns even when he goes outside for a small period of time. He has also developed many freckl... | C: Recognition of chemically dimerized bases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy presents to your clinic after 4 months of pain and swelling in his thigh. His mother states that at first she thought his condition was due to roughhousing, but it hasn’t gone away and now she’s concerned. You perform an X-ray that shows an ‘onion skin’ appearance on the diaphysis of the femur. You... | C: t(11;22) translocation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to her physician for evaluation of sudden onset respiratory distress for the past few hours. The past medical history includes a myocardial infarction 2 years ago. The vital signs include a blood pressure 70/40 mm Hg, pulse 92/min, respiratory rate 28/min, and SpO2 92% on room air. The ph... | E: Acute tubular necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to the neurology clinic for an appointment after having been referred by his family physician. Four months earlier, he presented with worsening upper limb weakness. His primary complaint at that time was that he was unable to play badminton because of increasing difficulty in moving his sho... | C: Spastic paralysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has been hospitalized frequently for pneumonia and nephrolithiasis and is on chronic antibiotic therapy for recurrent sinusitis. The patient and her husband would like to have a child but have been unable to conceive. She... | C: """I understand that living with cystic fibrosis is not easy. You are not alone in this. I would like to recommend a support group.""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old male visits the clinic with complaints of intermittent diarrhea over the past 6 months. He has lost 6.8 kg (15 lb) over that time period. His frequent bowel movements are affecting his social life and he would like definitive treatment. Past medical history is significant for chronic type 2 diabetes tha... | E: Stimulation of lipolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother for an annual well-exam. She is relatively healthy with an unremarkable birth history. She reports no specific concerns except for the fact that her friends “already got their periods and I still haven’t gotten mine.” Her mom reports that she also had her mena... | E: Raised areola |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with long-standing diabetes presents with a fragility fracture. He has chronic renal failure secondary to his diabetes. His serum parathyroid hormone concentration is elevated. You measure his serum concentration of 25(OH)-vitamin D and find it to be normal, but his concentration of 1,25(OH)-vitamin... | D: Secondary hyperparathyroidism with low serum calcium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man with bipolar I disorder and hypertension comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of increased thirst, urinary frequency, and sleep disturbance. He says that he now drinks up to 30 cups of water daily. He has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Examination shows decre... | B: Adverse effect of a medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to his primary care provider after having severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea beginning the previous night. He denies any fevers or vomiting. Of note, he reports that he works in a nursing home and that several residents of the nursing home exhibited similar symptoms this morning. On exam, ... | B: Clostridium perfringens |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer is brought to the emergency department because of lower abdominal pain for 1 hour. He has not urinated for 24 hours. Abdominal examination shows a palpable bladder that is tender to palpation. A pelvic ultrasound performed by the emergency department resident confir... | D: “I would prefer that you obtain informed consent when you become available again.” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man with a body mass index of 45 kg/m^2 presents to his primary care doctor with right hip pain. He asserts that the pain is instigated by walking up and down stairs around a construction site which he oversees. On physical exam, his hips are symmetric and equal with no tenderness to palpation bilateral... | D: Pes anserine bursitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl with a recently diagnosed seizure disorder is brought to the physician by her mother for genetic counseling. She has difficulties in school due to a learning disability. Medications include carbamazepine. She is at the 95th percentile for height. Genetic analysis shows a 47, XXX karyotype. An error... | B: Maternal meiosis, anaphase II |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 1-week-history of painful urination and urinary frequency. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She is sexually active with her boyfriend. Her temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F). There is no costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine dipstick shows l... | D: Chlamydia trachomatis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after the sudden onset of chest pain and shortness of breath. He describes the pain as severe and occasionally migrating to his left arm and back. He has hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes d... | C: Administer labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G2P1001 presents to the labor floor for external cephalic version (ECV) due to breech presentation at 37 weeks gestation. Her pregnancy has been complicated by an episode of pyelonephritis at 14 weeks gestation, treated with intravenous ceftriaxone. The patient has not had urinary symptoms since that ti... | E: Rhogam administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old college student consumed a container of canned vegetables for dinner. Fourteen hours later, he presents to the E.R. complaining of difficulty swallowing and double-vision. The bacterium leading to these symptoms is:? {'A': 'An obligate aerobe', 'B': 'Gram-negative', 'C': 'Rod-shaped', 'D': 'Non-spore fo... | C: Rod-shaped |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother. She says that he started having “a cold” yesterday, with cough and runny nose. This morning, he was complaining of discomfort with urination. His mother became extremely concerned when he passed bright-red urine with an apparent blood clot. The bo... | A: Adenovirus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old female comes to her primary care physician with complaints of fatigue and nausea. She has also noticed that her skin tone is darker than it used to be. On exam, the physician notes that the woman appears to be jaundiced and obtains liver enzymes which demonstrate an elevated AST and ALT. Further testing... | B: I, II, III, IV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of progressively worsening fatigue and loss of appetite. Five years ago, he received a kidney transplant from a living family member. Current medications include sirolimus and mycophenolate. His blood pressure is 150/95 mm Hg. Laboratory studies sh... | D: CD4+ T cell-mediated intimal smooth muscle proliferation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman visits a psychiatrist expressing her feelings of sadness which are present on most days of the week. She says that she has been feeling this way for about 2 to 3 years. During her first pregnancy 3 years ago, the fetus died in utero, and the pregnancy was terminated at 21 weeks. Ever since then, s... | A: Persistent depressive disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-day-old newborn is brought to the pediatrician for lethargy, poor muscle tone, and feeding difficulty with occasional regurgitation that recently turned into projectile vomiting. The child was born via vaginal delivery without complications. On examination, the vital signs include: pulse 130/min, respiratory rat... | B: Succinyl-CoA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of increasingly severe right upper abdominal pain, fever, and nonbloody vomiting for 5 hours. The pain is dull and intermittent and radiates to her right shoulder. During the past 3 months, she had recurring abdominal discomfort after meals. She underwent ... | A: History of multiple past pregnancies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old boy is examined on day of discharge from the newborn nursery. He was born at 39 weeks by vaginal delivery to a primigravid mother. The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, and the baby has been stooling, urinating, and feeding normally. Both the patient’s mother and father have no known past medical... | D: Decreased affinity for 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is comparing DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. He finds that the entire genome of E. coli (4 × 106 base pairs) is replicated in approximately 30 minutes. A mammalian genome (3 × 109 base pairs) is usually replicated within 3 hours. Which of the following characteristics of eukaryotic DNA ... | C: Simultaneous replication at multiple origins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after fainting at a baseball game. The patient was using the bathroom and upon standing up, felt a warm and tingling sensation followed by an episode of syncope that lasted for about 5 seconds. While the patient was unconscious, bystanders observed twitching an... | B: Discharge the patient with reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought in by her parents to her pediatrician with concerns that their daughter still has not had her first menstrual cycle. The parents report that the patient has had no developmental issues in the past. She was born full term by vaginal delivery and has met all other milestones growing up. Ba... | C: 46, XY |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A microbiologist is involved in research on the emergence of a novel virus, X, which caused a recent epidemic in his community. After studying the structure of the virus, he proposes a hypothesis: Virus X developed from viruses A and B. He suggests that viruses A and B could co-infect a single host cell. During the g... | D: Phenotypic mixing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of itchy rash and swelling on his left lower leg. His mother says the boy complained of an insect bite while playing outdoors 3 days before the onset of the lesion. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is at the 50th percentile... | E: Streptococcus pyogenes infection " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency room after a syncopal episode. The patient is awake, alert, and oriented; however, he becomes lightheaded whenever he tries to sit up. The medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and stable angina, which are controlled with simvastatin and isosorbide dini... | C: Increased cGMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital after undergoing an open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Preoperatively, the patient was administered a single dose of intravenous ceftriaxone. Now, the anesthetic effects have worn off, and her pain is well managed. The patient has a prior medical history of ... | D: Halothane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old infant is brought to his pediatrician because of recurrent episodes of vomiting. Specifically, his parents say that he starts to vomit as soon as he is laid down after feeding. He was born at full term and had no complications in the perinatal period. Contrast radiograph reveals part of the stomach is w... | D: Reflux |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from a homeless shelter because of bizarre behavior. He avoids contact with others and has complained to the supervising staff that he thinks people are reading his mind. Three days ago, he unplugged every electrical appliance on his floor of the shelter becaus... | E: Intramuscular risperidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of palpitations. She says that she has been experiencing palpitations and lightheadedness for the past 6 months, but before this morning the episodes usually resolved on their own. The patient’s medical history is significant for a transient ischemi... | D: Type II heparin-induced thrombocytopenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents with dark urine and fatigue. The patient states that the symptoms started 2 days ago. Since yesterday, he also noticed that his eyes look yellow. The past medical history is significant for recent right ear pain diagnosed 3 days ago as acute otitis media, which he was prescribed trimethopri... | D: Increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has been having flank and back pain for the last 8 months. He said that it started after he fell off a chair while doing yard work, but it has been getting progressively worse over time. He reports no other symptoms and denies any weight loss or ting... | C: Renal arteries and common iliac arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 6 hours after she attempted suicide by consuming 16 tablets of acetaminophen (500 mg per tablet). At present, she does not have any complaints or symptoms. The patient is afebrile and vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination is unremarkable. ... | D: Promotes microcirculatory blood flow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of progressive shortness of breath and a dry cough. He has also noticed gradual development of facial discoloration. He has not had fevers. He has coronary artery disease, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. H... | E: Amiodarone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with vague, constant abdominal pain, and worsening shortness of breath for the past several hours. He has baseline shortness of breath and requires 2–3 pillows to sleep at night. He often wakes up because of shortness of breath. Past medical history includes cong... | A: Meandering mesenteric artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain and nausea for the past 5 hours. The pain started with a dull ache but is now quite severe. He notes that he “just doesn’t feel like eating” and has not eaten anything for almost a day. Although the nausea is getting worse, the patient... | A: Increased acetyl CoA levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl presents to an urgent care clinic after waking up in the morning with a left-sided facial droop and an inability to fully close her left eye. Of note, she is currently on oral contraceptives and escitalopram and smokes half a pack of cigarettes per day. Her temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pre... | D: Prednisone alone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old sailor is brought to a military treatment facility 20 minutes after being involved in a navy ship collision. He appears ill. He reports a sensation that he needs to urinate but is unable to void. His pulse is 140/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 104/70 mm Hg. Pelvic examination shows ... | D: Tearing of the posterior urethra |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents with progressive hearing loss for the past 4 months. She says that she isn’t hearing high frequency sounds like she used to, especially in large rooms. Her past medical history shows significant bilateral lens dislocations 6 months ago. Family history reveals that her mother had chronic h... | B: Skin biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pregnant woman gives birth to her 1st child at the family farm. After delivery, the assisting midwife notices a triangular defect in the lower anterior abdominal wall of the baby. She clamps the umbilical cord with a cloth and urges the family to seek immediate medical care at the nearest hospital. Upon admission, ... | E: Bladder exstrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new drug has been shown to block epithelial sodium channels in the cortical collecting duct. Which of the following is most likely to be decreased upon drug administration?? {'A': 'Potassium secretion in the collecting tubules', 'B': 'Sodium secretion in the collecting tubules', 'C': 'Urea secretion in the collecti... | A: Potassium secretion in the collecting tubules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old G1P0 woman at 26 weeks gestation presents to the obstetric emergency room for an evaluation after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. She was in the passenger seat of her car when the car was hit on the side by a drunk driver. She is currently in no acute distress but is worried about her pregna... | A: Betamethasone administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to the emergency department following a seizure episode. She has a remote history of tonic-clonic seizures; however, her seizures have been well-controlled on valproate, with no seizure episodes occurring over the past 12 years. She was weaned off of the valproate 4 months ago. Her temper... | D: Observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of a 1-month history of abnormal movements of her muscles that she cannot control. She has a younger brother with cognitive disabilities and epilepsy. Examination shows frequent, brief, involuntary contractions of the muscle groups of the upper arms... | C: Defective oxidative phosphorylation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man with a history of chronic constipation presents to the emergency department with a two-day history of left lower quadrant abdominal pain. He is found to have a temperature of 100.8F, BP 140/90, HR 85, and RR 16. On physical examination, he is tender to light palpation in the left lower quadrant and ... | C: Abdominal CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the clinic with increasing shortness of breath, mild chest pain at rest, and fatigue. He normally lives a healthy lifestyle with moderate exercise and an active social life, but recently he has been too tired to do much. He reports that he is generally healthy and on no medications but d... | C: Coxsackievirus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of fever and poor appetite. Five weeks ago, he underwent molar extraction for dental caries. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F). Cardiac examination shows a grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex. A blood culture shows gram-positive, c... | D: Production of dextrans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of fluctuating mood for the past 2 years. He feels great and full of energy for some months when he is very creative with tons of ideas just racing through his mind. He is noted to be very talkative and distracted by his different ideas. During ... | A: Cyclothymic disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of worsening insomnia and anxiety. She says that she has an important college exam in the next few weeks for which she has to put in many hours of work each day. Despite the urgency of her circumstances, she states that she is unable to focus and concentrate, is anx... | D: Dose titration of mirtazapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man comes to the physician for preoperative evaluation. He is scheduled for a right inguinal hernia repair the following day. He has a history of polycystic kidney disease and hypertension. His medications include lisinopril and vitamin D3 supplements. His father had the same kidney condition and died o... | A: Perform hemodialysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician because of 2 weeks of postcoital pain and blood-tinged vaginal discharge. She has been sexually active with one male partner for the past 3 months. They do not use condoms. Her only medication is a combined oral contraceptive that she has been taking for the past... | E: Chlamydia infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for a normal check-up. He has a history of atrial fibrillation for which he takes metoprolol and warfarin. During his last check-up, his international normalized ratio (INR) was 2.5. He reports that he recently traveled to Mexico for a business trip where he d... | B: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for bedwetting. He went 3 months without wetting the bed but then started again 6 weeks ago. He has been wetting the bed about 1–2 times per week. He has not had daytime urinary incontinence or dysuria. His teachers report that he is attentive in preschool a... | D: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a progressive swelling of her neck for the past 6 months. She has no pain, dyspnea, or dysphagia. She is at the 60th percentile for height and the 55th percentile for weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a 3-cm cystic, nontender swel... | B: Ultrasonography of the neck |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman presents to the physician for a follow-up examination. She had a hemoglobin level of 10.5 g/dL last month. She complains of mild dyspnea with exercise. She reports exercising daily for the past 30 years. She is relatively healthy without any significant past medical history. She occasionally takes... | A: Annual follow-up with laboratory tests |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a yearly checkup complaining of recent weight gain. The patient states that he has noticed that, regardless of his diet, his midsection has gotten increasingly larger and his old clothes no longer fit. The patient has a 2-year history of left hip arthritis ... | A: Bilateral adrenal atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician with right-sided flank pain and blood in her urine for 1 day. She does not have fever or dysuria. She had similar symptoms several weeks ago but did not seek medical care at the time. Physical examination shows right costovertebral angle tenderness. Her serum uric acid level... | E: Chlorthalidone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. The patient was at a stop when he was rear-ended from behind by a vehicle traveling at 11 miles per hour. The patient complains of severe back pain but states he otherwise feels well. The patient is currently seeing a physical ther... | E: Vertebral fracture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old male with a history of congestive heart failure and hypertension comes to you with the chief complaint of new-onset cough as well as increased serum potassium in the setting of a new medication. Which of the following medications is most likely responsible for these findings?? {'A': 'Furosemide', 'B': '... | E: Lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his parents for the routine Tdap immunization booster dose that is given during adolescence. Upon reviewing the patient’s medical records, the pediatrician notes that he was immunized according to CDC recommendations, with the exception that he received a catch-up ... | E: A single dose of Td vaccine at 18 years of age |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman with a past medical history of poorly managed diabetes presents to the emergency department with nausea and vomiting. Her symptoms started yesterday and have been progressively worsening. She is unable to eat given her symptoms. Her temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 115/68 mmHg, pul... | E: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with New York Heart Association Class III heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and bipolar disorder presents to the urgent care center with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, double vision, and describes seeing green/yellow outlines around objects. Her current medications include ramipril, bisoprolo... | B: Digoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought in to clinic by his parents with a chief concern of poor performance in school. The parents were told by the teacher that the student often does not turn in assignments, and when he does they are partially complete. The child also often shouts out answers to questions and has trouble parti... | D: Decreases synaptic reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of two episodes of bright red blood per rectum within the past day. She has a history of migraine, which is treated prophylactically with verapamil. She appears well and is hemodynamically stable. Cardiac exam reveals a regular heart rate without any murmu... | B: Observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old male intern is currently on a trauma surgery service. After a busy overnight shift, the intern did not have enough time to prepare to present all of the patients on the team’s list. At morning rounds, the chief resident made a sarcastic comment that the intern “really put a lot of effort into preparing ... | B: Displacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife. She was called by his coworkers to come and pick him up from work after he barged into the company’s board meeting and was being very disruptive as he ranted on about all the great ideas he had for the company. When they tried to reason with him, h... | A: Valproic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe pain and joint stiffness in his right knee. The pain started 3 days ago and has worsened despite acetaminophen intake. He has benign prostatic hyperplasia and hypertension. One week ago, he had a urinary tract infection and was treated with n... | C: IV cefepime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old female ultramarathon runner presents to the physician with complaints of persistent knee pain. She describes the pain to be located in the anterior area of her knee and is most aggravated when she performs steep descents down mountains, though the pain is present with running on flat roads, walking up a... | C: Pain upon compression of the patella while the patient performs flexion and extension of the leg |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old high school student comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of insomnia. On school nights, he goes to bed around 11 p.m. but has had persistent problems falling asleep and instead studies at his desk until he feels sleepy around 2 a.m. He does not wake up in the middle of the night. He is wo... | A: Delayed sleep-wake disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman from Mexico comes to your office due to recent shortness of breath. The patient states that she has recently started having trouble breathing when she is working out, but this resolves when she rests for a while. She states that she has no history of diabetes, heart disease, or hypertension, but d... | D: Percutaneous valve commissurotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 10-month history of excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue. She says she has difficulty concentrating and has fallen asleep at work on numerous occasions. She also reports having frequent headaches during the day. She has no difficulty falling asleep at night,... | E: Diurnal alveolar hypoventilation " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old female comes to a medical school's free clinic for follow-up examination after a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is seen by a fourth year medical student. The clinic serves largely uninsured low-income patients in a New York City neighborhood with a large African American and Latino population. Two we... | D: Low external validity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the biology of human sperm cells. She isolates spermatogonia obtained on a testicular biopsy from a group of healthy male volunteers. She finds that the DNA of spermatogonia obtained from these men show a large number of TTAGGG sequence repeats. This finding can best be explained by increa... | D: RNA-dependent synthesis of DNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman with high blood pressure and diabetes presents to the outpatient clinic and informs you that she is trying to get pregnant. Her current medications include lisinopril, metformin, and sitagliptin. Her blood pressure is 136/92 mm Hg and heart rate is 79/min. Her physical examination is unremarkable.... | B: Discontinue lisinopril and initiate labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine examination. He does not take any medications. He drinks 6 to 7 bottles of beer every night, and says he often has a shot of whiskey in the morning “for my headache.” He was recently fired from his job for arriving late. He says there is nothing wrong with his dr... | C: """I'm sorry that your friend no longer returns your calls. What do you think your friend is worried about?""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of intermittent palpitations. She has no history of syncope or chest pain. She had similar symptoms 1 year ago and following workup has been treated with daily flecainide since then. She drinks one to two glasses of wine on the weekends. She does n... | B: Pulmonary vein openings |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman with hyperlipidemia comes to the physician because of weakness for one month. At the end of the day, she feels too fatigued to cook dinner or carry a laundry basket up the stairs. She also complains of double vision after she reads for long periods of time. All of her symptoms improve with rest. H... | A: Type II hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing swelling of the legs and face over the past 2 months. He has a history of diastolic heart dysfunction. The liver and spleen are palpable 4 cm below the costal margin. On physical examination, both lower limbs show significant pitting edema extending above... | A: AL amyloidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of early satiety and intermittent nausea for 3 months. During this period she has also felt uncomfortably full after meals and has vomited occasionally. She has not had retrosternal or epigastric pain. She has longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropat... | C: Metoclopramide |
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