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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 42-year-old man undergoes routine investigations prior to blood donation. His complete blood count is shown: Hemoglobin 9.3 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 71 μm3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 21 pg/cell White blood cell count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 317,000/mm3 Iron studies are shown: Se... | E: Sideroblastic anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought by her parents to her pediatrician’s office for a persistent cough observed over the past month. She was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis 2 years ago and his been receiving chest physiotherapy regularly and the flu vaccine yearly. Her parents tell the pediatrician that their daughter has be... | C: Inhaled tobramycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents with lower limb weakness for the past 2 days. The patient says that the weakness started in both his feet, manifesting as difficulty walking, but it has progressed to where he cannot move his legs completely and has become bedbound. He also has experienced a recent history of numbness and t... | E: Nerve conduction studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a 12-hour history of severe abdominal pain. She says that the pain started near the middle of her abdomen and moved to the right lower quadrant after about 10 hours. Several hours after the pain started she also started experiencing nausea and loss of appe... | C: Lymphoid hyperplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old female presents to her gynecologist with dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and pelvic pain. The patient is not taking any medication and has no evidence of fever. Transvaginal sonogram reveals an enlarged, soft, and tender uterus, and uterine biopsy shows normal-appearing endometrial glands within the myometri... | A: Adenomyosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 4-day history of irritability and a rash. Her temperature is 37.7°C (99.9°F). Examination of the skin shows flaccid, transparent blisters and brown crusts on her chest and upper extremities. Application of a shear force to normal skin causes sloughing. Whic... | B: Exfoliative toxin A release |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man is referred to a cardiologist by his primary care provider (PCP) for a new heart murmur. He otherwise feels well and has no complaints. He had not seen a doctor in the last 15 years but finally went to his PCP for a check-up at the urging of his girlfriend. His past medical history is notable for ga... | E: Vasa vasorum destruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 41 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Pregnancy has been uncomplicated. At the beginning of the second stage of labor, the cervix is 100% effaced and 10 cm dilated; the vertex is at -1 station. The fetal heart rate is reactive with no decelerations... | E: Fetal head compression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3400-g (7-lb 8-oz) female newborn is delivered at term to a 28-year-old primigravid woman. Apgar scores are 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows swelling of bilateral upper and lower extremities and low-set ears. The posterior hair line is low and the che... | B: Dysfunctional lymphatic system |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician with a 2-day history of fever, chills, malaise, and a sore throat. He has otherwise been healthy and development is normal for his age. He takes no medications. His immunizations are up-to-date. His temperature is 38.4°C (101.4°F), pulse is 84/min, respirations are 16/min,... | E: Hand, foot, and mouth disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old obese woman presents to the office complaining of intermittent chest pain for the past 3 days. She states that the pain worsens when she lays down and after she eats her meals. She thinks that she has experienced similar pain before but does not remember it lasting this long. She also complains of a bit... | E: Decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents with palpitations, 2 episodes of vomiting, and difficulty breathing for the past hour. He says he consumed multiple shots of vodka at a party 3 hours ago but denies any recent drug use. The patient denies any similar symptoms in the past. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabe... | A: Tolbutamide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her father because of multiple episodes of staring and facial grimacing that have occurred over the past 3 weeks. There are no precipitating factors for these episodes and they last for several minutes. She does not respond to her family members during these episodes. ... | C: Complex partial seizure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man with a history of alcoholism presents to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant pain. Serum studies show AST and ALT levels >5000 U/L. A suicide note is found in the patient's pocket. The most appropriate initial treatment for this patient has which of the following... | A: Glutathione substitute |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old African American male presents to his primary care physician complaining of difficulty swallowing that was initially limited to solids but has now progressed to liquids. Biopsy of the esophagus reveals dysplastic cells, but does not show evidence of glands or increased mucin. Which of the following pati... | B: Smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is being evaluated in pediatric cardiology clinic. He appears grossly normal, but suddenly becomes tachypneic and cyanotic when his mom takes a toy away from him. These symptoms resolve somewhat when he drops into a squatting position. Transthoracic echocardiography reveals pulmonic stenosis, a ventr... | A: Degree of pulmonic stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care provider at an outpatient clinic for ongoing management of his chronic hypertension. His past medical history is significant for diabetes and osteoarthritis though neither are currently being treated with medication. At this visit, his blood pressure is found to be 154/1... | D: Parts B and D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy presents to the emergency room with severe right shoulder pain following a painful overhead swing during a competitive volleyball match. On physical examination, the patient has limited active range of motion of the right shoulder and significant pain with passive motion. Suspecting a rotator cuff i... | E: Teres minor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A rheumatologist is interested in studying the association between osteoporosis and the risk of sustaining a distal radius fracture. To explore this association, she develops a retrospective study design in which she identifies patients in a large institutional database over the age of 55 with and without osteoporosi... | C: Cohort study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old female with no significant past medical history presents to her primary care physician with several weeks of increased fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance. On physical exam, her skin and conjunctiva appear pale. The physician suspects some form of anemia and orders a complete blood panel, which is ... | D: Gallstones |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to his primary care physician with a 3-month history of insomnia and severe work anxiety. He says that he is unable to retire because he has no financial resources; however, the stress level at his work has been causing him to have worsening performance and he is afraid of being fired. He thin... | A: Contact the patient directly to discuss the situation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to a physician for a regular check-up. She has no complaints, but notes that she has been anxious and easily irritable for no particular reason over the past year. Six months ago, she was diagnosed with grade I arterial hypertension and prescribed lifestyle modification and weight loss to... | B: Na+ 137 mEq/L |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of mild shortness of breath and right-sided chest pain for three days. She reports that lately she has had a nagging nonproductive cough and low-grade fevers. On examination, her vital signs are: temperature 99.1 deg F (37.3 deg C), blood pres... | E: Order a D-dimer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old GP10 woman at 24 weeks estimated gestational age presents for follow-up. Six weeks ago, a complete blood count showed a microcytic hypochromic anemia for which she was prescribed iron sulfate tablets. A repeat complete blood count today shows no improvement in her hemoglobin level. Past medical history ... | A: Deletion of 4 alpha-globin genes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a sore throat, nonproductive cough, and bloody urine for 3 days. He has had 2 similar episodes involving a sore throat and bloody urine over the past year. His sister has systemic lupus erythematosus. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). Serum studies show a ur... | A: IgA mesangial deposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and episodic abdominal pain for the past two months. The pain is sharp, colicky, and lasts about an hour after meals. Her stools are light in appearance and difficult to flush. Physical examination shows tenderness ... | C: Low bone mineral density |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Laboratory studies, including serum vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations, are within normal limits. A lumbar puncture is performed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is most likely to show which of the following?? {'A': 'Antiganglioside GM1 antibodies', 'B': 'I... | C: Increased 14-3-3 protein concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider to discuss the results from a previous urine analysis. She has no new complaints and feels well. Past medical history is significant for systemic lupus erythematosus. She was diagnosed 5 years ago and takes hydroxychloroquine every day and prednisone when her ... | D: Type III, mediated by IgG antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to a pediatric clinic by his parents with pain and weakness in the lower extremities for the past 3 weeks. The patient’s mother says that he has been active until the weakness and pain started during his soccer practice sessions. He says he also experiences muscle cramps, especially at ni... | B: Gitelman’s syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis is admitted to the hospital for routine evaluation before liver transplantation. The physician asks the patient to stop eating 10 hours before surgery. Which of the following structures contributes directly to preventing fasting hypoglycemia by producing glucose in this pati... | D: Intestine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A crying 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with a red, swollen knee. He was in his usual state of health until yesterday, when he sustained a fall in the sandbox at the local park. His mother saw it happen; she says he was walking through the sandbox, fell gently onto his right knee, did not cry... | E: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old male with a history of HIV infection is found to have a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 68 cells per microliter. As a consequence of his HIV infection, this patient is at increased risk of malignancy due to which of the following?? {'A': 'Pneumocystis jiroveci', 'B': 'HHV-6', 'C': 'Actinomyces israelii', 'D'... | E: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman presents with sudden loss of vision. She says that she was reading when suddenly she was not able to see the print on half of the page. Her symptoms started 4 hours ago and are accompanied by a severe posterior headache. Vital signs reveal the following: blood pressure 119/76 mm Hg, pulse 89/min, ... | E: Posterior cerebral artery stroke |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being shot in the abdomen during a violent altercation. His temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 118/min and regular, and blood pressure is 88/65 mm Hg. Examination shows cool extremities. Abdominal examination shows a 2.5-cm entrance wound... | B: ↓ ↓ ↑ ↓ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old patient presents to clinic for pulmonary function testing. With body plethysmography, the patient's functional residual capacity is 3 L, tidal volume is 650 mL, expiratory reserve volume is 1.5 L, total lung capacity is 8 L, and dead space is 150 mL. Respiratory rate is 15 breaths per minute. What is th... | C: 7.5 L/min |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician because of intermittent retrosternal chest pain. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Endoscopy shows salmon pink mucosa extending 5 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. Biopsy specimens from the distal esophagus show nonciliated columnar epithelium with numer... | B: Esophageal exposure to gastric acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vaginal discharge for 3 days. She has been sexually active with three male partners over the past year and uses condoms inconsistently. Her only medication is an oral contraceptive. Physical exam shows thin grayish-white vaginal discharge. There is no erythema of ... | B: Gram-variable rod |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after a colonoscopy showed 42 hamartomatous polyps. The physical examination findings are shown in the photograph. Which of the following conditions is most likely to develop in this patient?? {'A': 'Mandibular osteoma', 'B': 'Medulloblastoma', 'C... | C: Pancreatic carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man who recently immigrated from South America schedules an appointment with a physician to complete his pre-employment health clearance form. According to company policy, a skin test for tuberculosis must be administered to all new employees. Thus, he received an intradermal injection of purified prote... | D: They need thymus for their maturation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is rushed to the emergency department by her parents following ingestion of unknown pills from an unmarked bottle she found at the park. The parents are not sure how many pills she ingested but say the child has been short of breath since then. Her respiratory rate is 50/min and pulse is 150/min. Ex... | A: Acetaminophen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the genotypes of wingless fruit flies using full exome sequencing. Compared to wild-type winged fruit flies, the wingless fruit flies are found to have a point mutation in the gene encoding wing bud formation during embryogenesis. The point mutation in the gene causes the mRNA transcript t... | A: Binding of met-tRNA to 60S complex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 1-month history of worsening fatigue, loss of appetite, and decreased energy. More recently, she has also had intermittent abdominal pain and nausea. She is at the 50th percentile for height and 15th percentile for weight. Her pulse is 119/min and blood press... | D: Glucocorticoids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an 8-hour history of painful leg cramping, a runny nose, and chills. She has also had diarrhea and abdominal pain. She appears irritable and yawns frequently. Her pulse is 115/min. Examination shows cool, damp skin with piloerection. The pupils are 7 mm in diamete... | A: Heroin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 17-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, nausea, and myalgia for the past day. His temperature is 39.5°C (103.1°F), pulse is 112/min, and blood pressure is 77/55 mm Hg. Physical examination shows scattered petechiae over the anterior chest and abdomen. Blood cultur... | B: Lipooligosaccharide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with ongoing dyspnea and confusion for 2 hours. She has a history of psychosis and alcohol abuse. She has smoked 1 pack per day for 25 years. She is agitated and confused. Her blood pressure is 165/95 mm Hg; pulse 110/min; respirations 35/min; and temperature, ... | C: Salicylate intoxication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An endocrine surgeon wants to evaluate the risk of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 syndromes in patients who experienced surgical hypertension during pheochromocytoma resection. She conducts a case-control study that identifies patients who experienced surgical hypertension and subsequently compares them to... | B: Surgical hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma is rare |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents to the pediatrics clinic for follow-up. He has a history of severe pyogenic infections since birth. Further workup revealed a condition caused by a defect in CD40 ligand expressed on helper T cells. This congenital immunodeficiency has resulted in an inability to class switch and a poor spec... | E: Increased IgM; decreased IgG, IgA, and IgE |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care clinic for a general checkup. She states she's been a bit more fatigued lately during finals season but is otherwise well. Her mother and sister have hypothyroidism. She denies fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, heavy or irregular menses, or changes ... | C: Normal TSH and normal T4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man presents to his dermatologist with an enlarging, scaly pink plaque on his face. It has been present for 5 weeks and is shown. Physical examination reveals a friable lesion that bleeds easily. Medical history is remarkable for type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by end-stage kidney disease, which re... | B: Immunosuppression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of severe joint pain and swelling involving different joints for 3 months. He has also been having loose stools and episodes of epigastric pain for 6 months. He reports a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss during this period. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He does not smoke o... | D: Intravenous ceftriaxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents. He has been coughing extensively over the last 5 days, especially during the night. His mother is worried that he may have developed asthma, like his uncle, because he has been wheezing, too. The boy usually plays without supervision, and he likes to exp... | D: Perform bronchoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination 1 month after sustaining a chemical burn over the dorsum of his right hand and forearm. Physical examination shows hyperextension of the hand at the wrist. The skin over the dorsum of the wrist is tense and there is a thick, epithelialized scar. Ran... | E: Myofibroblasts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of persistent fatigue over the past ten months. His previous annual health maintenance examination showed no abnormalities. He appears pale. Physical examination shows numerous petechial lesions over the abdomen and marked splenomegaly. His serum hemoglobin concentrati... | B: Resistant to breakdown by adenosine deaminase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old G1P0 presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal care visit at 12 weeks gestation by last menstrual period. She states that her breasts are very tender and swollen, and her exercise endurance has declined. She otherwise feels well. She is concerned about preterm birth, as she heard that certain ... | D: Transvaginal ultrasound at 18 weeks gestation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for knee pain. The patient has had left knee pain, which has been steadily worsening for the past year. He states that ice and rest has led to minor improvement in his symptoms. He recently bumped his knee; however, he says that it has not altered his baseline ... | E: Weight loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has also had profuse watery diarrhea with streaks of blood for the past 5 days. She had a urinary tract infection 3 weeks ago and was treated with a 14-day course of ciprofloxacin. She ... | A: Dilation of the colon with loss of haustration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue and recurrent pain in both of her wrists and her fingers. During this time, she has also had stiffness of her joints for about 80 minutes after waking up in the morning. Examination shows swelling and tenderness of the wrists and metac... | C: Trimethoprim |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to his primary care doctor with his son who reports that his father has been acting strangely. He has started staring into space throughout the day and has a limited attention span. He has been found talking to people who are not present and has gotten lost while driving twice. He has occas... | A: Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man with aggressive metastatic cholangiocarcinoma presents after the second round of chemotherapy. He has suffered a great deal of pain from the metastasis to his spine, and he is experiencing side effects from the cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs. Imaging shows no change in the tumor mass and reveals the p... | A: Give the high-dose opioids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after an apparent suicide attempt. She reports ingesting several pills 6 hours prior to presentation but cannot recall what they were. No pills were found on the scene. She complains of severe malaise, ringing in her ears, and anxiety. Her ... | E: Sodium bicarbonate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman is diagnosed with metastatic Ewing sarcoma. She has undergone multiple treatments without improvement. She decides to stop treatment and pursue only palliative care. She is of sound mind and has weighed the benefits and risks of this decision. The patient’s mother objects and insists that treatmen... | C: Halt treatments and begin palliative care. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of increasing swelling around her eyes and over both her feet for the past 4 days. During this period, she has had frothy light yellow urine. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows periorbital edema and 2+ pitting edema of the lower l... | C: Fatty casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter for worsening memory for the past 1 month. She can no longer manage her bills and frequently forgets the names of her children. Her daughter is also concerned that her mother has a urinary tract infection because she has had increased urinary urgency and... | A: Cerebral shunt placement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 5-day history of epigastric pain, fever, nausea, and malaise. Five weeks ago she had acute biliary pancreatitis and was treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and subsequent cholecystectomy. Her maternal grandfather died of p... | A: Pancreatic abscess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 35 minutes after an episode of loss of consciousness. He was having dinner with a client when his left arm suddenly became weak and numb. A few minutes later he became tense and his arms and legs began jerking violently, following which he lost consciousness. H... | E: Vasospasm of cerebral vessels " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man, otherwise healthy, presents with flank pain and severe nausea for the last 9 hours. He describes the pain as severe, intermittent, localized to the right flank, and radiates to the groin. His past medical history is significant for recurrent nephrolithiasis. The patient does not smoke and drinks al... | B: Hematuria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old African-American man presents to his primary care provider with a history of fatigue and nausea that started about 6 months ago. His symptoms have slowly gotten worse and now he has trouble climbing the stairs to his 3rd floor apartment without resting. Past medical history is significant for poorly con... | D: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents with episodic shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing. She has noticed an increased frequency of such episodes in the spring season. She also has a history of urticaria. She has smoked a half pack of cigarettes per day over the last 5 years. Her mother also has similar symptoms... | D: Decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after methacholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with increased facial hair growth. She says she noticed a marked growth and darkening of hair on her face and feels embarrassed. Past medical history is significant for asthma, well-controlled by medication, and epilepsy diagnosed 6 months ago, managed with phenytoin. Her other medication... | E: Phenytoin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of a skin rash for one day. The patient reports intense itching. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation and has a history of atopic dermatitis. He attends junior high school and went on a camping trip with his school the day before yesterday.... | E: Presensitized T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old G1P0 primigravid woman at 28 weeks estimated gestational age presents for a prenatal checkup. She says she has been having occasional headaches but is otherwise fine. The patient says she feels regular fetal movements and mild abdominal pain at times. Her past medical history is unremarkable. Current me... | C: Magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of gradually worsening pain and burning in his feet that is impairing his ability to sleep. He also has a non-healing, painless ulcer on the bottom of his right toe, which has been progressively increasing in size despite the application of bandage... | E: Pregabalin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A father brings his 3-year-old son to the pediatrician because he is concerned about his health. He states that throughout his son's life he has had recurrent infections despite proper treatment and hygiene. Upon reviewing the patient's chart, the pediatrician notices that the child has been infected multiple times w... | A: Negative nitroblue-tetrazolium test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is currently working on developing new cholinergic receptor agonist drugs. He has formulated 2 new drugs: drug A, which is a selective muscarinic receptor agonist and has equal affinity for M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 muscarinic receptors, and drug B, which is a selective nicotinic receptor agonist and has eq... | E: Drug B acts by stimulating a receptor which is composed of 5 subunits |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying whether a new knee implant is better than existing alternatives in terms of pain after knee replacement. She designs the study so that it includes all the surgeries performed at a certain hospital. Interestingly, she notices that patients who underwent surgeries on Mondays and Thursdays repor... | D: Pygmalion effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents to her physician’s office complaining of fatigue and light headedness for one month. She has regular periods but notes that they have become heavier in the last year. She endorses increased urination and feels that she has gained weight in her abdomen, but review of systems is otherwise n... | A: Pelvic ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an increasingly painful swelling behind her right knee for the past 2 months. During this time, she has also had intermittent low-grade fever and she has been more fatigued than usual. She has not had any trauma to the knee. Over the past year, she has had occasio... | D: Rheumatoid arthritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Although nucleotide addition during DNA replication in prokaryotes proceeds approximately 20-times faster than in eukaryotes, why can much larger amounts of DNA be replicated in eukaryotes in a time-effective manner?? {'A': 'Eukaryotes have less genetic material to transcribe', 'B': 'Eukaryotes have fewer polymerase ... | D: Eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of right jaw pain for the last 3 weeks. She first noticed it while eating a steak dinner but generally feels that it is worse in the morning. She describes the pain as deep and dull, with occasional radiation to the ear and back of her neck. She d... | A: Nighttime bite guard |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An autopsy is being performed on an elderly man who died from a myocardial infarction. Biopsy of the heart is likely to reveal necrosis most similar to necrosis seen in which of the following scenarios?? {'A': 'The central nervous system following a stroke', 'B': 'The lung following a tuberculosis infection', 'C': 'A... | D: A region of kidney where blood flow is obstructed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In a healthy patient with no renal abnormalities, several mechanisms are responsible for moving various filtered substances into and out of the tubules. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) is frequently used to estimate renal blood flow when maintained at low plasma concentrations. The following table illustrates the effect of... | A: Saturation of PAH transport carriers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A husband returns from a three-month long business trip from Thailand, where he also engaged in extramarital affairs. He arrives back at home to find that his wife is distant and not as affectionate as she used to be. He then proceeds to argue with his wife stating that she must be cheating on him since she is so dis... | C: Projection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old G4P1021 woman comes to the emergency room complaining of intense abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She is 9 weeks into her pregnancy and is very concerned as she experienced similar symptoms during her past pregnancy losses. Her pain is described as “stabbing, 10/10 pain that comes and goes.” When as... | D: Leiomyomata uteri |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman presents to the infectious disease clinic after her PPD was found to be positive. A subsequent chest radiography shows a cavity in the apex of the right upper lobe, along with significant hilar adenopathy. The patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis and is started on the standard four-drug treatmen... | A: Inhibition of RNA polymerase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents with a sudden-onset severe headache that she describes as the worst in her life, followed by binocular horizontal diplopia and ptosis. Her past medical history is significant for hypertension. On admission, her vital signs include: blood pressure 130/70 mm Hg, heart rate 78/min, respirato... | C: Posterior communicating artery (PCom) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old Caucasian male presents to your office with wheezing and rhinitis. Laboratory results show peripheral eosinophilia and antibodies against neutrophil myeloperoxidase. What is the most likely diagnosis?? {'A': 'Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergellosis', 'B': 'Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (... | B: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old Caucasian girl with asthma presents to her pediatrician with recurrent sinusitis. The patient’s mother states that her asthma seems to be getting worse and notes that ‘lung problems run in the family’. The patient has had 2 episodes of pneumonia in the last year and continues to frequently have a cough. ... | B: A nasal transepithelial potential difference |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with a 2-day history of weakness and joint pain. He was adopted 3 weeks ago from an international adoption agency and this is his first week in the United States. He says that he has been healthy and that he had an episode of sore throat shortly b... | C: Goodpasture syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old female presents to your office expressing concern that despite experiencing monthly pelvic pain for the past few years, she has not yet started her menstrual cycle. She is not taking oral contraceptive therapy and has never been sexually active. On physical exam the patient is of normal stature with app... | C: Failed canalization of external vaginal membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the normal process of shrinking of the thymus gland with increasing age in humans. Thymic size is found to gradually start decreasing during puberty. Which of the following enzymes is most likely involved in the process underlying the decline in thymus mass with aging?? {'A': 'Lipase', 'B'... | C: Caspase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician because of tiredness and dyspnea on exertion for several months. Recently, he has also noticed changes of his fingernails. A photograph of his nails is shown. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of these findings?? {'A': 'Iron deficiency anemia', 'B': 'H... | A: Iron deficiency anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old female with a history of bipolar disease presents to the emergency room following an attempted suicide. She reports that she swallowed a bottle of pain reliever pills she found in the medicine cabinet five hours ago. She currently reports malaise, nausea, and anorexia. She has vomited several times. Her... | E: N-acetylcysteine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman presents with acute pain in her left toe. She says she hasn’t been able to wear closed shoes for 2 weeks. Past medical history is significant for gastroesophageal reflux disease, diagnosed 2 years ago. The patient is afebrile and vital signs are within normal limits. Her BMI is 31 kg/m2. On physic... | C: Azathioprine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of depressed mood for 6 months. He works as a store manager and cannot concentrate at work anymore. He experiences daytime sleepiness and fatigue because he repeatedly wakes up at night and has difficulties falling asleep again after 4 a.m. He reports no longer taking ... | B: Delayed ejaculation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter for evaluation of progressive cognitive decline and a 1-year history of incontinence. She was diagnosed with dementia, Alzheimer type, 5 years ago. The daughter has noticed that in the past 2 years, her mother has had increasing word-finding difficulties... | C: Home hospice care |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old is brought into the emergency department for trouble breathing. He was at a family picnic playing when his symptoms began. The patient is currently struggling to breathe and has red, warm extremities. The patient has an unknown medical history and his only medications include herbs that his parents give ... | B: Epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recent weight gain. She started a combined oral contraceptive for dysmenorrhea and acne six months ago. She has been taking the medication consistently and experiences withdrawal bleeding on the 4th week of each pill pack. Her acne and dysmenorrhea have improved s... | A: Reassure the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department for severe abdominal pain. The patient states that for the past week he has felt fatigued and had a fever. He states that he has had crampy lower abdominal pain and has experienced several bouts of diarrhea. The patient states that his pain is somewhat relieved b... | E: Transmural granulomas in the bowel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 1 hour history of bruising and bleeding. He says that he fell and scraped his knee on the ground. Since then, he has been unable to stop the bleeding and has developed extensive bruising around the area. He has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease,... | D: Oxidation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman who recently emigrated from Brazil comes to the physician because of fever, fatigue, decreased appetite, and mild abdominal discomfort. She has not seen a physician in several years and her immunization status is unknown. She drinks 2 alcoholic beverages on the weekends and does not use illicit dr... | D: Reverse transcription of viral RNA to DNA |
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