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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3175-g (7-lb) female newborn is delivered at term. Initial examination shows a distended abdomen and a flat perineal region without an opening. A dark green discharge is coming out of the vulva. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?? {'A': 'Meconium ileus', 'B': 'Hirschsprung disease', 'C': 'Imperfor... | C: Imperforate anus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman visits the clinic for her annual physical examination. She does not have any complaints during this visit. The past medical history is insignificant. She follows a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and moderate exercise schedule. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She does not take any medi... | C: No treatment is necessary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for multiple episodes of unresponsiveness in which she stares blankly and her eyelids flutter. She has gradually lost control of her neck and ability to roll over during the past 2 months. She is startled by loud noises and does not maintain eye contact. H... | E: GM2 ganglioside |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for progressively worsening confusion and forgetfulness. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a flat affect and impaired short-term memory. An MRI of the brain is shown. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show whic... | B: Broad-based gait |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of fever, chills, and purulent drainage from a foot ulcer for 2 days. Her hemoglobin A1c was 15.4% 16 weeks ago. Physical examination shows a 2-cm ulcer on the plantar surface of the left foot with foul-sme... | E: Colon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his parents because of inconsolable crying and diarrhea for the past 6 hours. As the physician is concerned about acute appendicitis, she consults the literature base. She finds a paper with a table that summarizes data regarding the diagnostic accuracy of multiple... | B: Fever |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effect of different cytokines on the growth and differentiation of B cells. The investigator isolates a population of B cells from the germinal center of a lymph node. After exposure to a particular cytokine, these B cells begin to produce an antibody that prevents attachment of pathog... | B: Interleukin-5 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 6 hours after the onset of colicky lower abdominal pain that has been progressively worsening. The pain is associated with nausea and vomiting. She has stable inflammatory bowel disease treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid. She is sexually active with her boyfr... | D: Serum β-hCG concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male arrives to your walk-in clinic complaining of neck pain. He reports that the discomfort began two hours ago, and now he feels like he can’t move his neck. He also thinks he is having hot flashes, but he denies dyspnea or trouble swallowing. The patient’s temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure... | C: Diphenhydramine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a complaint of severe abdominal pain for the past 6 hours. She is anorexic and nauseous and has vomited twice since last night. She also states that her pain initially began in the epigastric region, then migrated to the right iliac fossa. Her vital signs... | A: Bradykinin and prostaglandin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband due to her disturbing behavior over the past 24 hours. Her husband says that he has noticed his wife talking to herself and staying in a corner of a room throughout the day without eating or drinking anything. She gave birth to their son 2 week... | E: Postpartum psychosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of nausea over the past week. During this period, he has also had several episodes of non-bloody vomiting. Last month, he was diagnosed with stage II Hodgkin lymphoma and was started on adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. His temperature is ... | E: 5-HT3 antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by friends because of an episode of jerking movements of the whole body that lasted for one minute. She reports a 2-week history of fever, headache, and altered sensorium. Her fever ranges from 38.3°C (101.0°F) to 38.9°C (102.0°F). Her past medical history is... | E: Streptococcus viridans |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four hours after undergoing an abdominal hysterectomy, a 43-year-old woman is evaluated in the post-anesthesia care unit because she has only had a urine output of 5 mL of blue-tinged urine since surgery. The operation went smoothly and ureter patency was checked via retrograde injection of methylene blue dye mixed w... | B: Check the Foley catheter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old African American boy presents to his pediatrician’s office for his routine well visit. He was born full-term from an uncomplicated vaginal delivery. He is exclusively breastfeeding and not receiving any medications or supplements. Today, his parents report no issues or concerns with their child. He is l... | C: He should start vitamin D supplementation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with severe chest pain radiating to the back. She was diagnosed with acute aortic dissection. A few hours into the resuscitation, she was having oliguria. Laboratory findings show a serum creatinine level of 5.3 mg/dL. Which of the following casts are most likely to ... | A: Muddy brown casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of shortness of breath and a nonproductive cough for the past 4 months. He has two episodes per week, which resolve spontaneously with rest. Twice a month, he wakes up at night with shortness of breath. His pulse is 73/min, respirations are 13/min... | A: Budesonide and formoterol inhaler |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old nursing home resident is complaining of pruritis. She is noted to have multiple, tense blisters on her trunk as well as the flexor surfaces of her extremities. The blisters have an erythematous base. You are unable to extend the blisters when you apply lateral traction. You suspect an autoimmune bullous... | B: Antibodies to hemidesmosomes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of a recurrent pruritic rash on his face and scalp. He reports that he has been using a new shaving cream once a week for the past 5 months. A year ago, he was diagnosed with HIV and is currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy. He drinks s... | D: Seborrheic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old African American man presents to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has a history of chronic hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has no history of coronary artery disease. His medications include aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, and metformin. He exercises every day and follo... | A: Atorvastatin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of malaise and abdominal pain. Six weeks ago, he had vomiting and watery diarrhea for 2 days that resolved without treatment. Twelve weeks ago, he underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis. At the time of disc... | E: Ultrasound of the liver |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to a physician with repeated episodes of vertigo for the last 6 months. The episodes usually last for 20–30 minutes, but 2 episodes persisted for more than an hour. The episodes are often associated with severe nausea and vomiting. She has experienced falls after losing her balance during... | C: Oral hydrochlorothiazide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question This patient is at greatest risk of damage to which of the following cardiovascular structures?" "Patient Information Age: 44 years Gender: M, self-identified Ethnicity: Caucasian Site of Care: office History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I am thirsty all t... | A: Pulmonary valve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Three months ago, she underwent heart transplantation for restrictive cardiomyopathy and was started on transplant rejection prophylaxis. Her pulse is 76/min and blood pressure is 148/82 mm Hg. Physical examination shows enlargement of the gum ti... | C: Cyclosporine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the family medicine clinic for a routine check-up. The patient recently accepted a new job at a childcare center and the employer is requesting his vaccination history. After checking the records from the patient’s childhood, the physician realizes that the patient never had the varicell... | B: Serology then administer the vaccine (2 doses) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old Hispanic woman who recently immigrated to the United States with her newborn daughter is presenting to a free clinic for a wellness checkup for her baby. As part of screening for those immigrating or seeking refuge in the United States, she and her child are both evaluated for tuberculosis. The child’s ... | E: “You may breastfeed your baby because you are asymptomatic and because neither isoniazid nor pyridoxine will harm your child.” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?" "Patient information Age: 61 years Gender: F, self-identified Ethnicity: unspecified Site of care: emergency department History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “My belly really hurts.” History of Present Il... | E: Diverticulitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the fertility clinic with her husband for infertility treatment. The couple has been having unprotected intercourse for the past 2 years without any pregnancies. This is their first time seeking fertility treatment. The patient’s past medical history includes asthma. She denies any menstr... | A: Deletion of Phe508 in husband |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male is brought by ambulance to the emergency room in extremis. He is minimally conscious, hypotensive, and tachypneic, and his breath gives off a "fruity" odor. An arterial blood gas and metabolic panel show anion gap metabolic acidosis. This patient is most likely deficient in which of the following m... | D: Cellular uptake of glucose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents to a physician’s office for progressive weakness and pallor during the last few weeks. She also complains of shortness of breath during her yoga class. She denies fevers, cough, rhinorrhea, or changes in appetite or bowel and bladder habits. She is generally healthy except for an occasion... | E: Prolonged bleeding time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male has been arrested on suspicion of arson. He has a history of criminal activity, having been jailed several times for assault and robbery. When asked why he burned down his ex-girlfriend's apartment, he just smiled. Which of the following would the male most likely have exhibited during childhood?? ... | A: Bed-wetting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had her menstrual period for the last 5 months. Menarche occurred at the age of 11 years, and menses occurred at regular 28-day intervals until they became irregular at 30- to 45-day intervals with light flow 2 years ago. She does not have vaginal dryness... | C: Obesity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three weeks after starting a new medication for hyperlipidemia, a 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of pain and swelling in his left great toe. Examination shows swelling and erythema over the metatarsophalangeal joint of the toe. Analysis of fluid from the affected joint shows needle-shaped, negatively-... | D: Inhibition of hepatic VLDL synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the circulating factors that are released when immune cells are exposed to antigens. Specifically, she is studying a population of CD2+ cells that have been activated acutely. In order to determine which factors are secreted by these cells, she cultures the cells in media and collects the use... | B: Interleukin-2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of shortness of breath and swollen extremities for 2 weeks. He has had excessive night sweats and a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss over the last 8 weeks. He had an anterior myocardial infarction 3 years ago. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He immigrated fr... | B: Tuberculosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer is enrolled in a clinical trial for a new chemotherapeutic drug. The drug prevents microtubule depolymerization by binding to the beta subunit of tubulin. The mechanism of action of this new drug is most similar to which of the following?? {'A': 'Vincristine', 'B': 'C... | C: Paclitaxel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old female presents to her gynecologist complaining of a painful rash around her genitals. She has multiple sexual partners and uses condoms intermittently. Her last STD screen one year ago was negative. On examination, she has bilateral erosive vesicles on her labia majora and painful inguinal lymphadenopa... | D: Renal failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of intermittent dull abdominal pain that radiates to the back. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 50 years. His blood pressure is 145/80 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows generalized tenderness and a pulsatile mass in the periumbilical... | A: Accumulation of foam cells in the tunica intima |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man with untreated HIV infection is admitted to the hospital because of a 3-day history of blurred vision and flashing lights in his left eye. Indirect ophthalmoscopy shows retinal hemorrhages of the left eye. Treatment with a drug that directly inhibits viral DNA polymerases by binding to pyrophosphate... | C: Hypocalcemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with fatigue, dry cough, and shortness of breath for 3 days. He reports a slight fever and has also had 3 episodes of watery diarrhea earlier that morning. Last week, he attended a business meeting at a hotel and notes some of his coworkers have also become sic... | E: Urine antigen assay |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old African American man presents for follow-up examination with a 6-month history of urinary hesitancy, weak stream, and terminal dribbling, which is refractory to a combination therapy of finasteride and tamsulosin. The patient’s past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. His father and brother were ... | B: Image-guided needle biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy presents with right hip pain for the past 2 days. He reports gradual onset of pain and states it hurts to walk. He had a recent cold last week but is otherwise healthy. His temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 107/70 mm Hg, pulse is 90/min, respiratory rate is 19/min, and oxygen saturati... | B: Ibuprofen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodes of watery stools for the past 6 weeks. During this period, he has also had recurrent episodes of reddening of the face, neck, and chest that last up to 30 minutes, especially following alcohol consumption. He has hypertension. He smoked one pack of cigarett... | E: Carcinoid syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of fatigue since he returned from visiting family in South Africa one week ago. The day after he returned, he had fever, chills, and diffuse joint pain for 3 days. His symptoms improved with acetaminophen. He was born at term and has been healthy. His im... | C: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old African American boy presents to a pediatrician with complaints of yellow discoloration of the sclerae for the last 3 days. His mother informs the pediatrician that the boy developed prolonged jaundice during the neonatal period. On physical examination, vital signs are stable and general examination sh... | B: Methemoglobin reduction test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of severe headache with photophobia and diffuse myalgias. She is a college student and lives in a dormitory in a large urban area. She has not traveled recently. On arrival, she is lethargic. Her temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F), pul... | C: Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. For the past 6 months, he has had fatigue, headaches, and several episodes of dizziness. Three months ago, he was diagnosed with hypertension and started on medications. Since the diagnosis was made, his medications have been adjusted several times... | A: Unilateral kidney atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question The APPLE study investigators are currently preparing for a 30-year follow-up evaluation. They are curious about the number of participants who will partake in follow-up interviews. The investigators noted that of the 83 participants who participated in APPLE ... | C: Attrition bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of several episodes of dark urine over the past 2 months. He has had a 6 kg (13.2-lb) weight loss over the past 3 months despite no changes in appetite. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. A CT scan shows a heterogeneous enhancing mass arising from t... | B: Pedunculated tumor comprised of pleomorphic urothelial cells with severe nuclear atypia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of diarrhea that has become progressively worse over the past 4 months. He currently has 4–6 episodes of foul-smelling stools per day. Over the past 3 months, he has had fatigue and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. He returned from Bangladesh 6 months ago after a year-long ... | D: Enteroscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male is presenting for routine health maintenance. He has no complaints. His pulse if 75/min, blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 15/min. His body mass index is 25 kg/m2. The physical exam is within normal limits. He denies any shortness of breath, daytime sleepiness, headaches, swea... | C: Repeat the blood pressure measurement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the clinic by his wife for complaints of progressive weakness for the past 3 months. He reports difficulty eating, especially when chewing foods like steak. The wife complains that he has been “out of it lately and has been forgetting my birthday." His past medical history is significa... | C: Riluzole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of leg pain with exertion for the last 6 months. He has cramping in his calves when walking. He states that the cramping is worse on the right than the left and that the cramping resolves when he stops walking. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus fo... | D: Atherosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of abdominal pain, diarrhea, flushing, and generalized pruritus that began after playing soccer. He also has a 2-month history of fatigue. Physical examination shows pallor and dry mucous membranes. Bone marrow biopsy shows a dense infiltration of atypical l... | C: Gastric ulceration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of diarrhea and fatigue. She reports an eight-month history of increasingly frequent diarrhea, fatigue, and muscle weakness. She currently has over 15 episodes of watery diarrhea per day despite fasting. Her past medical history is notable for di... | A: Octreotide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old male reports to his physician that he is having repeated episodes of a "racing heart beat". He believes these episodes are occurring completely at random. He is experiencing approximately 2 episodes each week, each lasting for only a few minutes. During the episodes he feels palpitations and shortness ... | D: Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of fever, urinary frequency, and lower back pain for the last 3 days. During this period, he has also had pain with the 3 times he has defecated. He is sexually active with one female partner and does not use condoms. His father died of colon cancer at the a... | D: Urine culture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician for evaluation of fertility. She has been unable to conceive for one year despite regular intercourse with her husband 1–2 times per week. Recent analysis of her husband's semen showed a normal sperm count. Two years ago, she had an episode of a febrile illness w... | D: Tubal scarring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is being followed by the pediatric oncology team after her pediatrician found a palpable abdominal mass towards the right flank 2 weeks ago. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a solid mass in the right kidney without infiltration of the renal vein and inferior vena cava. The contrast-enhanced comput... | C: Chromosome 11 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following findings?" "Patient Information Age: 28 years Gender: F, self-identified Ethnicity: unspecified Site of Care: office History Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I'm not making breast... | E: Decreased serum cortisol concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old-man presents to the clinic for a 2-month follow-up. He is relatively healthy except for a 5-year history of hypertension. He is currently on lisinopril, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide. The patient has no concerns and denies headaches, weight changes, fever, chest pain, palpitations, vision changes,... | A: Aldosterone-producing adenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with anal bleeding. She reports a 4-month history of intermittent anal bleeding that was initially mild but has increased in severity over the past 2 weeks. She also reports having intermittent mucoid discharge from her anus. She denies any pain with defecatio... | C: Basaloid carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year old morbidly obese woman presents to the Emergency Department with complaints of profound nausea, diarrhea, and malaise. Her past surgical history is significant for undergoing a laparoscopic gastric bypass procedure seven weeks ago for weight reduction. She has lost 15 kg since the surgery and currently, h... | C: Bacterial overgrowth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, night sweats, and progressive shortness of breath for 1 week. She also reports generalized fatigue and nausea. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Current medications include metformin, sitagliptin, and levothyroxine... | C: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents because of a severe headache, nausea, and vomiting for 6 hours. Last week she had fever, myalgias, and a sore throat for several days that resolved with over-the-counter medication. She is oriented only to person. Examination s... | C: Hepatic mitochondrial injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus, on prednisone and methotrexate, presents to the dermatology clinic with three weeks of a diffuse, itchy rash. Physical exam is remarkable for small red papules in her bilateral axillae and groin and thin reddish-brown lines in her interdigital spaces... | C: Permethrin cream |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, at 16 weeks’ gestation presents to the physician because of swelling of her right breast for 1 month. She has no personal or family history of any serious illnesses. She has taken contraceptive pills over the past few years. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examina... | B: Fibroadenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators is performing a phase I trial of a novel drug among patients with chronic right upper quadrant pain. Iminodiacetic acid labeled with technetium 99m is administered intravenously and subjects are subsequently imaged with a gamma camera. It is found that administration of the experimental drug ... | E: Jejunal I cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old infant boy is brought into the clinic for a well-child check. Mom reports a healthy pregnancy with no complications. Though she said the ultrasound technician saw “some white deposits in his brain” during a prenatal check, mom was not concerned. The baby was delivered at 38 weeks of gestation during a h... | D: Sensorineural hearing loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening double vision and drooping of the right eyelid for 2 days. He has also had frequent headaches over the past month. Physical examination shows right eye deviation laterally and inferiorly at rest. The right pupil is dilated and does not react to light or wi... | B: Aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old female with a past medical history of obesity, coronary artery disease status post stent placement, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and insulin dependent diabetes comes to your outpatient clinic for regular checkup. She has not been very adherent to her diabetes treatment regimen. She has not been checkin... | B: Overflow incontinence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recurring episodes of headache for the past 5 months. During this period, she has had headaches for approximately 20 days per month. The episodes last for about 2 hours each. She describes the headaches as dull, pressing, and non-pulsating holocranial pain. The sy... | A: Amitriptyline therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl comes in to the emergency department with her mother for swelling of her left periorbital region. Yesterday morning she woke up with a painful, warm, soft lump on her left eyelid. Eye movement does not worsen the pain. Physical examination shows redness and swelling of the upper left eyelid, involvi... | A: Hordeolum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old female presents to general gynecology clinic for evaluation of a pelvic mass. The mass was detected on a routine visit to her primary care doctor during abdominal palpation. In the office, she receives a transvaginal ultrasound, which reveals a mass measuring 11 cm in diameter. In the evaluation of this... | B: CA-125 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. She has been treated for gonorrhea and chlamydia 3 times in the past 6 months but is otherwise healthy. She smokes cigarettes, drinks alcohol regularly, and wears a helmet while riding her bicycle. The patient is generally healthy and ... | A: Condoms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband with complaints of sudden-onset slurring for the past hour. She is also having difficulty holding things with her right hand. She denies fever, head trauma, diplopia, vertigo, walking difficulties, nausea, and vomiting. Past medical history is ... | A: Dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from a nursing home because of a 2-day history of an increasing cough, fever, and dyspnea. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dementia. Current medications include insulin, enalapril, and donepezil. On arrival, he has dyspnea and is disoriented... | D: Gram-positive diplococci |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of chest pain, dry cough, and shortness of breath. He describes two painless masses in his neck, which he says appeared 4 months ago and are progressively increasing in size. During this time, he has had week-long episodes of fever interspersed wit... | E: Excisional biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a 4-week history of swollen legs. He has difficulty putting on socks because of the swelling. Two years ago, he was diagnosed with sleep apnea. He takes no medications. He emigrated from Guatemala with his family when he was a child. He is 171 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weigh... | A: Segmental sclerosis of the glomeruli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents for 5 days of abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and mild diarrhea. Her parents have been giving her acetaminophen in the past 3 days, which they stopped 24 hours ago when they noted blood in their daughter's urine. Upon admission, the patient has... | D: Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of severe abdominal pain that started suddenly 1 hour ago while he was having a barbecue with his family. The pain is located in the middle of his abdomen and he describes it as 9 out of 10 in intensity. The patient feels nauseated and has vo... | E: Balloon angioplasty and stenting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of bulge in his scrotum that has enlarged over the past several months. He is found to have a right-sided inguinal hernia and proceeded with elective hernia repair. At his first follow-up visit, he complains of a tingling sensation on his scrotum. W... | A: L1-L2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators is studying a drug to treat refractory angina pectoris. This drug works by selectively inhibiting the late influx of sodium ions into cardiac myocytes. At high doses, the drug also partially inhibits the degradation of fatty acids. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this drug... | A: Increased oxygen efficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old female presents to her gynecologist for a routine Pap smear. Her last Pap smear was three years ago and was normal. On the current Pap smear, she is found to have atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS). Reflex HPV testing is positive. What is the best next step?? {'A': 'Repeat Pap smear... | D: Colposcopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to the physician with symptoms of vague abdominal pain and bloating for several months. Test results indicate that she has ovarian cancer. Her physician attempts to reach her by phone but cannot. Next of kin numbers are in her chart. With whom can her doctor discuss this information?? {'A... | D: The patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year old man living in Midwest USA comes in complaining of painless hematuria for the past week. He denies dysuria but complains of fatigue and lethargy at work. He has lost about 9.0 kg (20.0 lb) in the past 6 months. He drinks 1–2 beers on the weekends over the past 10 years but denies smoking. He has worked a... | E: Aromatic amine exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Collagen is a very critical structural protein in many of our connective tissues. Defects in collagen produce diseases such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, where there is a defective lysyl hydroxylase gene, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where there is a defect in the production of type I collagen. Which of the following rep... | C: Gly-X-Y |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with a malodorous vaginal discharge and itchiness that have lasted for 15 days. She reports that the smell of the discharge is worse after intercourse and is accompanied by a whitish-gray fluid. She has no significant past medical or gynecological history. She is in a stable monogamous re... | C: Vaginal fluid pH > 4.5, clue cells present on a saline smear of the vaginal secretions, along with a fishy odor on addition of KOH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man with a history of recurrent gouty arthritis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Four weeks ago, he was diagnosed with hyperuricemia and treatment with allopurinol was begun. Since then, he has had another acute gout attack, which resolved after treatment with ibuprofen. His temperatu... | B: Probenecid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 5-day history of fever, headache, coughing, and thick nasal discharge. She had a sore throat and nasal congestion the week before that had initially improved. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). Physical exam shows purulent nasal drainage and tenderness to perc... | B: Gram-positive, optochin-sensitive, lancet-shaped diplococci |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a concern for joint pain. She states that she often feels minor joint pain and morning stiffness in both of her hands every day, in particular in the joints of her fingers. Her symptoms tend to improve as the day goes on and she states they are not impac... | A: Alendronate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor complaining of left knee pain. She states that she has noticed this more during the past several months after a fall at home. Previously, she was without pain and has no history of trauma to her knees. The patient states that the majority of her pain starts in t... | E: Marginal sclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old homeless man presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. He has a known history of intravenous drug use and has been admitted to the hospital several times before. On physical examination his temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 130/85 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respira... | B: Buprenorphine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old gravida 1, para 0 woman presents to the family medicine clinic for her first prenatal appointment. She states that she has been taking folic acid supplements daily as directed by her mother. She smokes a few cigarettes a day and has done so for the last 5 years. Pediatric records indicate the patient is... | A: MMR vaccine postpartum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman with hypertension and coronary artery disease is brought to the emergency department after the sudden onset of right-sided weakness. Her pulse is 83/min and blood pressure is 156/90 mm Hg. Neurological examination shows right-sided facial drooping and complete paralysis of the right upper and lowe... | E: Contralateral lenticulostriate artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient with history of hypertension and bipolar disorder is seen in your clinic for new-onset tremor, as well as intense thirst and frequent desire to urinate. Although her bipolar disorder was previously well-managed by medication, she has recently added a new drug to her regimen. Which of the following medicatio... | D: Hydrochlorothiazide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents with severe abdominal pain over the last 24 hours. He describes the pain as severe and associated with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. He says he has had a history of postprandial abdominal pain over the last several months. The patient denies any fever, chills, recent antibiotic use. Past ... | A: Atherosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying DNA mutation mechanisms isolates single-stranded DNA from a recombinant bacteriophage and sequences it. The investigator then mixes it with a buffer solution and incubates the resulting mixture at 70°C for 16 hours. Subsequent DNA resequencing shows that 3.7 per 1,000 cytosine residues have m... | E: Creation of empty sugar-phosphate site |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of severe pain in her right lower leg for 3 hours. She has also had worsening tingling that started 3 hours before. She has never had such pain in her leg in the past. Over the last couple months, she has occasionally had episodes of palpitations. She has ... | C: Synthesis of vitamin K-dependent factors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 20-year-old African American man presents to the clinic for pre-participation sports physical for college football. He has no health complaints at this time. He has no recent history of illness or injury. He denies chest pain and palpitations. He reports no prior syncopal episodes. He had surgery 2 years ag... | A: Asymptomatic |
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