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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A virology student is asked to identify a sample of virus. When subjected to a nonionic detergent, which disrupts lipid membranes, the virus was shown to lose infectivity. The student then purified the genetic material from the virus and subjected it to treatment with DNase, an enzyme that cleaves the phosphodiester ... | C: Togavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two weeks after undergoing an allogeneic skin graft procedure for extensive full-thickness burns involving his left leg, a 41-year-old man develops redness and swelling over the graft site. He has not had any fevers or chills. His temperature is 36°C (96.8°F). Physical examination of the left lower leg shows well-dem... | E: Th1-induced macrophage activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 46-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and progressive shortness of breath. She does not take any medications. Her pulse is 93/min and blood pressure is 112/80 mm Hg. Examination shows no abnormalities. Her hemoglobin concentration is 8 g/dL, leukocyte co... | E: Left ventricular dysfunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought into the emergency department by his friends. The patient was playing soccer when he suddenly became short of breath. The patient used his albuterol inhaler with minimal improvement in his symptoms. He is currently struggling to breathe. The patient has a past medical history of asthma an... | E: Intubation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old G1P0 woman at 16 weeks estimated gestational age presents for prenatal care. Routine prenatal screening tests are performed and reveal a positive HIV antibody test. The patient is extremely concerned about the possible transmission of HIV to her baby and wants to have the baby tested as soon as possible... | E: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV RNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing back pain for the past 6 months. The pain is worse when he wakes up and improves throughout the day. He has problems bending forward. He has taken ibuprofen which resulted in limited relief. His only medication is a topical corticosteroid for two erythema... | B: Etanercept |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old, gravida 1 para 0, at 10 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for progressively worsening emesis, nausea, and a 2-kg (4.7-lb) weight loss over the past 2 weeks. The most recent bouts of vomiting occur around 3–4 times a day, and she is stressed that she had to take a sick leave from work the last 2 d... | E: Addition of doxylamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old female presents with complaint of chronic productive cough for the last 4 months. She states that she has had 4-5 month periods of similar symptoms over the past several years. She has never smoked, but she reports significant exposure to second-hand smoke in her home. She denies any fevers, reporting o... | B: Decreased FEV1, Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, Increased TLC, Normal DLCO |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of recurrent retrosternal chest pain that often wakes her up at night. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Upper endoscopy shows hyperemia in the distal third of the esophagus. A biopsy specimen from this area shows non-keratinized strat... | D: Proximal migration of the gastroesophageal junction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old gravida-1-para-1 (G1P1) presents to the emergency department with fever, malaise, nausea, and abdominal pain. She says her symptoms started 2 days ago with a fever and nausea, which have progressively worsened. 2 hours ago, she started having severe lower abdominal pain that is diffusely localized. Her ... | C: Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Five minutes after arriving in the postoperative care unit following total knee replacement under general anesthesia, a 55-year-old woman is acutely short of breath. The procedure was uncomplicated. Postoperatively, prophylactic treatment with cefazolin was begun and the patient received morphine and ketorolac for pa... | E: Type I hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents with the persistent right-sided facial droop and slurred speech for the past 2 hours. He says he had similar symptoms 6 months ago which resolved within 1 hour. His past medical history is significant for long-standing hypertension, managed with hydrochlorothiazide. He reports a 10-pack-yea... | A: CT of the head without contrast |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because he is worried about a mole on his right forearm. He has had the mole for several years, but it has grown in size in the past 3 months. Physical examination shows a hyperpigmented plaque with irregular borders and small area of ulceration. Histopathologic analysis of a ... | D: Hypodermis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old girl is brought to the pediatric walk-in clinic by her daycare worker with a persistent diaper rash. The daycare worker provided documents to the clinic receptionist stating that she has the authority to make medical decisions when the child’s parents are not available. The patient’s vital signs are unr... | A: Physicians are mandated to report |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman with diabetes presents to the emergency department due to swelling of her left leg, fever, and chills for the past 2 days. The woman’s maximum recorded temperature at home was 38.3°C (101.0°F). Her left leg is red and swollen from her ankle to the calf, with an ill-defined edge. Her vital signs in... | B: PGE2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old, multiparous, woman comes to the physician because of urinary leakage for the past 6 months. She involuntarily loses a small amount of urine after experiencing a sudden, painful sensation in the bladder. She has difficulty making it to the bathroom in time, and feels nervous when there is no bathroom ne... | A: Increased detrusor muscle activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old male was found unconscious in the field and brought to the emergency department by EMS. The patient was intubated in transit and given a 2 liter bolus of normal saline. On arrival, the patient's blood pressure is 80/60 mmHg and temperature is 37.5C. Jugular veins are flat and capillary refill time is 4 ... | B: Hypovolemic shock |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for hypertension presents to the outpatient clinic for evaluation of vaginal dryness, loss of libido, and hot flashes. These symptoms have been progressively worsening over the past 3 months. Her vital signs are: blood pressure 131/81 mm Hg, pulse 68/min, an... | A: Cessation of menses for at least 12 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old male immigrant presents to his primary care physician for a new patient visit. The patient reports chronic fatigue but states that he otherwise feels well. His past medical history is not known, and he is not currently taking any medications. The patient admits to drinking 7 alcoholic beverages per day ... | B: Beta-thalassemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of an abdominal bulge that has become more noticeable as he began to walk 2 weeks ago. The bulge increases on crying and disappears when he is lying down. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation by lower segment transverse cesarean section. He has met al... | C: Reassurance and observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old G2P1 at 35 weeks gestation presents to the obstetric emergency room with vaginal bleeding and severe lower back pain. She reports the acute onset of these symptoms 1 hour ago while she was outside playing with her 4-year-old son. Her prior birthing history is notable for an emergency cesarean section du... | E: Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:To reduce the hemolysis that occurs with dialysis, researchers have developed an organic filtration membrane for dialysis that is believed to mimic the physiologic filtering apparatus of the human glomerulus. The permeability characteristics of this membrane are believed to be identical to those of the glomerular fil... | E: Albumin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician by his mother, who relates a primary complaint of a recent history of five independent episodes of vomiting over the last 10 months, most recently 3 weeks ago. Each time, he has awoken early in the morning appearing pale, feverish, lethargic, and complaining of severe ... | C: Cyclic vomiting syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old woman presents to the orthopedic department for an elective total left knee arthroplasty. She has had essential hypertension for 25 years and type 2 diabetes mellitus for 35 years. She has smoked 20–30 cigarettes per day for the past 40 years. The operation was uncomplicated. On day 3 post-surgery, she ... | B: Oral apixaban monotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of epigastric discomfort for the past 6 months. He adds that the discomfort is not that bothersome as it does not interfere with his daily activities. He does not have any other complaints at the moment. The past medical history is insignificant. He is a non-sm... | D: Echinococcosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman presents to her physician's home with a headache. She describes it as severe and states that her symptoms have not been improving despite her appointment yesterday at the office. Thus, she came to her physician's house on the weekend for help. The patient has been diagnosed with migraine headaches... | C: Unfortunately, I cannot examine and treat you at this time. Please set up an appointment to see me in my office. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with burning and increased urinary frequency. The patient states that her symptoms started yesterday and have been worsening despite hydrating well. The patient is generally healthy, does not smoke or drink alcohol, and is 10 weeks pregnant. She is currently ta... | A: Amoxicillin-clavulanate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents for a routine physical examination as part of an insurance medical assessment. He has no complaints and has no family history of cardiac disease or sudden cardiac death. His blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), and pulse is 75/min and is regular. On physical exami... | D: Prolapse of a mitral valve leaflet of ≥2 mm above the level of the annulus in systole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old boy is brought to a pediatrician by his parents for routine immunization. The parents say they have recently immigrated to the United States from a developing country, where the infant was receiving immunizations as per the national immunization schedule for that country. The pediatrician prepares a pla... | B: IPV is known to produce higher titers of serum IgG antibodies than OPV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old G2P1 woman at 12 weeks gestational age presents to the office to discuss the results of her routine prenatal screening labs, which were ordered during her 1st prenatal visit. She reports taking a daily prenatal vitamin but no other medications. She complains of mild fatigue and appears pale on exam. Her... | C: Iron deficiency anemia in the mother; normal Hb levels in the fetus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old male is brought to the emergency department. He has prior hospitalizations for opiate overdoses, but today presents with fever, chills, rigors and malaise. On physical exam vitals are temperature: 100.5 deg F (38.1 deg C), pulse is 105/min, blood pressure is 135/60 mmHg, and respirations are 22/min. You... | D: A water-hammer pulse when palpating the radial artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after she accidentally spilled hot oil on her leg while cooking. The Venezuelan receptionist reports that the patient only speaks and understands Spanish. She is accompanied by her adult son, who speaks English and Spanish. Her vital signs are within n... | A: Wait for a licensed Spanish interpreter to communicate the treatment plan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for fatigue. Over the past 3 months, his tiredness has impacted his ability to work as a corporate lawyer. He denies any changes to his diet, exercise regimen, bowel movements, or urinary frequency. His past medical history is notable for obesity, type II diabe... | C: Mismatch repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old female visits your office complaining that she has trouble swallowing solids and liquids, has persistent bad breath, and sometimes wakes up with food on her pillow. Manometry studies show an absence of functional peristalsis and a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to collapse upon swallowing. Th... | C: Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents due to 2 months of a progressively worsening headache. The headaches were initially infrequent and her parents attributed them to stress from a recent move. However, over the last week the headaches have gotten significantly worse and she had one episode o... | C: Pinealoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female presents with acute onset abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and hematuria. She is currently taking glipizide for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Past medical history is also significant for lactose intolerance. She has just started training for a marathon, and she drinks large amounts of ... | B: Flank pain that does not radiate to the groin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator conducts a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between benzodiazepine use among the elderly population (older than 65 years of age) that resides in assisted-living facilities and the risk of developing Alzheimer dementia. Three hundred patients with Alzheimer dementia are recruited from as... | D: A 86-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and mild benign prostate hyperplasia who lives in an assisted-living facility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old nulligravid woman comes to the physician for evaluation of infertility. She has been unable to conceive for 14 months. One year ago, she stopped taking the oral contraceptive pill, which she had been taking since she was 17. Her husband's semen analysis was normal. Four years ago, she had an episode of ... | B: Loss of ciliary action |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman visits an outpatient clinic with a complaint of pain in her left breast for the last few months. The pain worsens during her menstrual cycle and relieves once the cycle is over. She denies any nipple discharge, skins changes, warmth, erythema, or a palpable mass in the breast. Her family history i... | D: Sclerosing adenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A randomized double-blind controlled trial is conducted on the efficacy of 2 different ACE-inhibitors. The null hypothesis is that both drugs will be equivalent in their blood-pressure-lowering abilities. The study concluded, however, that Medication 1 was more efficacious in lowering blood pressure than medication 2... | D: We can fail to accept the null hypothesis. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to his physician as part of his routine annual medical check-up. He has no specific complaints but mentions that he has often experienced fatigue over the past few months. His past medical history is noncontributory. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.2°C (98.8°F), pulse rate is... | A: Chronic myeloid leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a complaint of palpitations for the last 30 minutes. He denies chest pain, breathlessness, and loss of consciousness. The medical history is negative for hypertension or ischemic heart disease. On physical examination, the temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), the... | B: Prolongation of cardiac depolarization by blocking the potassium channels and activating the slow inward sodium current |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with complaints of chest pain and palpitations. A thorough past medical history reveals a diagnosis of rheumatic fever during childhood. Echocardiography is conducted and shows enlargement of the left atrium and narrowing of the mitral valve opening. Which o... | C: Opening snap following the aortic component of the S2 heart sound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pediatrician is investigating determinants of childhood obesity. He has been following a cohort of pregnant women with poorly controlled diabetes and comorbid obesity. In the ensuing years, he evaluated the BMI of the cohort's children. The results of the correlation analysis between mean childhood BMI (at 4 years ... | E: There is a positively correlated linear association between maternal BMI and childhood BMI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Following a motor vehicle accident, a 63-year-old man is scheduled for surgery. The emergency physician notes a posture abnormality in the distal left lower limb and a fracture-dislocation of the right hip and acetabulum based on the radiology report. The senior orthopedic resident mistakenly notes a fraction disloca... | A: Conducting a preoperative time-out |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband, who is concerned about her ability to care for herself. Three weeks ago, she quit her marketing job to start a clothing company. Since then, she has not slept more than 4 hours per night because she has been working on her business plans. She used a sign... | E: Long-term lithium therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of worsening exertional dyspnea over the last week. He denies chest pain and lightheadedness but reports persistent cough with white sputum. His past medical history includes hypertension and diabetes mellitus. He has a 50 pack-year history of smoking... | E: Muscarinic blocker |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and progressively worsening shortness of breath that is worse when lying down. Recently, he started using two pillows to avoid waking up short of breath at night. Examination shows a heart murmur. A graph with the results of cardiac cath... | A: High-pitched, holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of worsening fatigue and an unintentional 6.8-kg (15-lb) weight loss over the past 2 months. She also reports having had an unusual appetite for soil and clay for several months. She has a history of osteoarthritis of the knees, for which she takes acetaminoph... | A: Positive stool guaiac test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents with a complaint of progressive dyspnea on minimal exertion. The patient reports being quite active and able to climb 3 flights of stairs in his building 10 years ago, whereas now he feels extremely winded when climbing a single flight. At first, he attributed this to old age but has more r... | A: Toxic cardiomyopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An unconscious middle-aged man is brought to the emergency department. He is actively bleeding from the rectum. He has no past medical history. At the hospital, his pulse is 110/min, the blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, the respirations are 26/min, and the oxygen saturation is 96% at room air. His extremities are cold.... | A: Mesenteric angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents to the clinic with joint pain that has persisted for the last 2 months. She reports having intermittently swollen, painful hands bilaterally. She adds that when she wakes up in the morning, her hands are stiff and do not loosen up until an hour later. The pain tends to improve with moveme... | C: Methotrexate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he noted the abrupt onset of weakness accompanied by decreased sensation on his left side. His symptoms developed rapidly, peaked within 1 minute, and began to spontaneously resolve 10 minutes later. Upon arrival in the emergency room 40 minutes after the... | D: Carotid stenting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of mild fatigue and weakness. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Her hemoglobin concentration is 11 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume is 74 μm3. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows 10% HbA2 (normal < 3.5%). Which of the following is the mos... | A: Beta thalassemia minor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of worsening nausea and reduced urine output for the past 3 days. One week ago he had a 4-day episode of abdominal pain, vomiting, and watery, nonbloody diarrhea that began a day after he returned from a trip to Mexico. He has not been able to eat or drink m... | A: Hypovolemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency department because of muscle tightness and pain. She says that she has experienced increasing tightness and cramping of the muscles on the left side of her neck. She also says that she has trouble looking downwards because her “eyes are stuck.” She has a history of schizo... | A: Benztropine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man with stage IV melanoma comes to the physician with his wife for a routine follow-up examination. He was recently diagnosed with new bone and brain metastases despite receiving aggressive chemotherapy but has not disclosed this to his wife. He has given verbal consent to discuss his prognosis with hi... | A: """What is your understanding of your husband's current condition?""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-week-old infant is brought to the physician by his mother because of blood-tinged stools for 3 days. He has also been passing whitish mucoid strings with the stools during this period. He was delivered at 38 weeks' gestation by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate.... | B: Continue breastfeeding and advise mother to avoid dairy and soy products |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after being admitted to the hospital because of severe peripartum vaginal bleeding during a home birth, a 40-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, has a 30-second generalized convulsive seizure followed by unconsciousness. Prior to the event she complained of acute onset of sweating and uncontrollable shivering... | D: Pituitary ischemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man presents with a 2-day history of worsening right lower leg pain. He states that he believes his right leg is swollen when compared to his left leg. Past medical history is significant for generalized anxiety disorder, managed effectively with psychotherapy. He smokes a pack of cigarettes daily but d... | B: Factor V Leiden |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to your outpatient clinic complaining of headaches, blurred vision, and fatigue. She has a blood pressure of 171/91 mm Hg and heart rate of 84/min. Physical examination is unremarkable. Her lab results include K+ of 3.1mEq/L and a serum pH of 7.51. Of the following, which is the most like... | B: Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency room because of a 3-day history of fever and shaking chills. Her temperature is 39.4°C (103°F). Examination of the back shows right costovertebral angle tenderness. Analysis of the urine shows WBCs, WBC casts, and gram-negative rods. Ultras... | B: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in tubules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department following a stab wound to the neck. Per the patient, she was walking her dog when she got robbed and was subsequently stabbed with a knife. Vitals are stable. Strength examination reveals 2/5 right-sided elbow flexion and extension, wrist extension, and finge... | C: Hemisection injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman is brought to your office by her husband. The husband says that she had been acting strange lately. She has been forgetful, and she sometimes becomes angered for no reason, which is highly unusual for her. She has also been having random, uncontrollable movements, which are also new. On examinatio... | C: Loss of neurons in the caudate nucleus and putamen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 35 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which he was an unrestrained passenger. He was ambulatory at the accident scene, with stable vital signs and no major external injuries except abrasions to both upper ... | B: Hospitalization and frequent ultrasounds |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C is admitted to the hospital because of jaundice and abdominal distention. He is diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and treatment with diuretics is begun. Two days after admission, he develops abdominal pain and fever. Physical examination shows tense ascites and d... | D: Inhibition of bacterial peptidoglycan crosslinking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman visits her family physician complaining of the recent onset of an unpleasant fish-like vaginal odor that has started to affect her sexual life. She was recently treated for traveler’s diarrhea after a trip to Thailand. External genitalia appear normal on pelvic examination, speculoscopy shows a gr... | A: Clue cells on saline smear |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An office team is being observed by an outside agency at the request of management to make sure they are completing all their tasks appropriately. Several of the employees are nervous that they are being watched and take care to perform their jobs with extra care, more so than they would have done during a normal wor... | D: Hawthorne effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by his mother because of persistent crying and refusal to move his right arm. The episode began 30 minutes ago after the mother lifted him up by the arms. He appears distressed and is inconsolable. On examination, his right arm is held close to his ... | E: Radial head subluxation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to a physician for genetic counseling, because she is worried about trying to have a child. Specifically, she had 2 siblings that died young from a lysosomal storage disorder and is afraid that her own children will have the same disorder. Her background is Ashkenazi Jewish, but she says ... | B: Founder effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn is delivered at term to a 38-year-old woman after an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. The newborn's blood pressure is 142/85 mm Hg. Examination shows clitoral enlargement and labioscrotal fusion. Serum studies show a sodium of 151 mg/dL and a potassium of 3.2 mg/dL. Karyotype analysis shows a 46, XX ka... | B: 11-deoxycorticosterone to corticosterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician because of generalized malaise, yellowish discoloration of the eyes, and pruritus on the back of his hands that worsens when exposed to sunlight for the past several months. He has not seen a physician in 15 years. Physical examination shows scleral icterus and mild jaundice. ... | C: Needlestick injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of pain during intercourse and vaginal dryness. The patient has also had intermittent hot flashes and fatigue during this time. Over the past year, her periods have become irregular. Her last menstrual period was over six months ago. She is sexua... | D: Increased FSH to LH ratio |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to a physician for evaluation of a lump in her left breast. She noticed the lump last week while taking a shower. She says that the lump seemed to be getting larger, which worried her. The lump is not painful. The medical history is unremarkable. She has smoked cigarettes for the last 30 ... | E: Invasive lobular carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being found unresponsive on the floor by her boyfriend. Paramedics found several empty pill bottles next to her on the floor. According to her boyfriend, she has a history of insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder and was recently diagnose... | A: Flumazenil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation comes to the emergency department because of sudden-onset severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for the past 2 hours. She has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 25 years. Her pulse is 110/min and blood pressure is 141/98 mm Hg. Abdominal examination shows... | A: Rectosigmoid colon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year old man comes to the emergency department because of altered mental status for 1 day. He has had headaches, severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 2 days. He has a history of hypertension, insomnia, and bipolar disorder. His medications include lisinopril, fluoxetine, atorvastatin, lithium, olanzapine, a... | C: Hemodialysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents with an intermittent low-to-high grade fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. The symptoms have been present for the last 6 months. The patient is a software developer. He smokes one-half pack of cigarettes daily and drinks alcohol occasionally. He denies intra... | D: Enterococcus faecalis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old male is found to have high blood pressure on multiple visits to your office. On examination, the patient has normal genitalia. Further laboratory workup reveals low serum aldosterone and high serum testosterone. Which of the following is most likely to be elevated in this patient?? {'A': '17-hydroxylase'... | E: 11-deoxycorticosterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-hours-old neonate is found to have bluish discoloration throughout his body, including lips and tongue. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery with no prenatal care. Maternal history is positive for type 2 diabetes mellitus for 11 years. On physical examination, his blood pressure... | C: Transposition of great vessels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 3-week history of intermittent episodes of dizziness. The episodes last for hours at a time and are characterized by the sensation that the room is spinning. The patient also reports that she has started using her cell phone with her left ear because she hears better o... | C: Reduced resorption of endolymph |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old ِAfrican American woman presents with difficulty breathing, chest pain, and a non-productive cough. She says she took some ibuprofen earlier but it did not improve her pain. Past medical history is significant for sickle cell disease. Medications include hydroxyurea, iron, vitamin B12, and an oral contr... | A: Antibiotics and supportive care |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of fatigue, constipation, and a 7-kg (15.4-lb) weight gain. Menses occur irregularly in intervals of 40–50 days. Her pulse is 51/min, and blood pressure is 145/86 mm Hg. Examination shows conjunctival pallor and cool, dry skin. There is mild, non... | B: Increased reverse T3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. The patient reports left shoulder pain that worsens with deep inspiration. Medical history is significant for a recent diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 80/55 mmHg, pulse is ... | A: Decreased RPF and no change in GFR |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for decreased exercise tolerance. Over the past four months, he has noticed progressively worsening shortness of breath while walking his dog. He also becomes short of breath when lying in bed at night. His temperature is 36.4°C (97.5°F), pulse is 82/min, respirations are 19/m... | D: Aortic valve regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is brought to the trauma bay by ambulance after sustaining a gunshot wound to the right arm. The patient is in excruciating pain and states that he can’t move or feel his hand. The patient states that he has no other medical conditions. On exam, the patient’s temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pr... | C: Radial nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-month-old infant is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 1-month history of progressive listlessness. His mother says, ""He used to crawl around, but now he can't even keep himself upright. He seems so weak!"" Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. Examination shows hypotonia and an increased ... | A: Frameshift |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 4 hours after falling and hitting her head while skiing. Initially, she refused treatment, but an hour ago she began to develop a severe headache, nausea, and right leg weakness. She has osteopenia. Her only medication is a daily multivitamin. She has no visu... | D: Subfalcine herniation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old female presents to the emergency room with fevers, fatigue, and anorexia for over a month. Past medical history includes mild mitral valve prolapse. She underwent an uncomplicated tooth extraction approximately 6 weeks ago. Her vital signs include a temperature of 100.8 F, pulse of 83, blood pressure of... | B: Obtain blood cultures x3 sites over 24 hours and start antibiotics after culture results are available |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old male infant is brought to the physician for follow-up. He was delivered at 30 weeks' gestation via Cesarean section and was cyanotic at birth, requiring resuscitation and a neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization. His mother received no prenatal care; she has diabetes mellitus type II and hypertensi... | A: Oxygen toxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presented to the hospital with a history of repeated falls, postural dizziness, progressive fatigue, generalized weakness, and a 13.6 kg (30 lb) weight loss over a duration of 6 months. He is a vegetarian. His family members complain of significant behavioral changes over the past year. The patient ... | D: Pernicious anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of generalized fatigue for the past 4 months. He also has difficulty sleeping and concentrating. He says he does not enjoy his hobbies anymore and has stopped attending family events. Mental status examination shows psychomotor retardation and a flat affect along with ... | E: Bupropion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A trauma 'huddle' is called. Morphine is administered for pain. Low-flow oxygen is begun. A traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is suspected. Infusion of 0.9% saline is begun. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?? {'A': 'Barium study', 'B': 'Chest fluoroscopy', 'C': 'CT of the chest, ab... | C: CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of headache and difficulty sleeping for the past 2 days. She states that she has had similar symptoms over the past several months and that they occur every month around the same time. The episodes are also frequently accompanied by decreased concentration, angry fee... | E: Fluoxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents with a presentation of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and fever for the past 2 days. The child is enrolled at a daycare where several other children have had similar symptoms in the past week. On physical exam, the child is noted to have dry mucous membranes.... | B: Double-stranded, icosahedral, non-enveloped |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 37-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of a 8-week history of intermittent burning epigastric pain. During this period, he has also felt bloated and uncomfortable after meals. He has not had weight loss or a change in bowel habits. He has no personal or family history of seriou... | A: Urea breath test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to her primary care physician because she has not had a menstrual period for 6 months. She is a competitive runner and has been training heavily for the past year in preparation for upcoming races. She has no family or personal history of serious illness. She has not been sexually active for... | C: Decreased frequency of GnRH release from the hypothalamus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old hypertensive man who used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day for 40 years but quit 5 years ago presents to his family physician with a painless ulcer on the sole of his left foot, located at the base of his 1st toe. He has a history of pain in his left leg that awakens him at night and is relieved by dangling... | E: A narrowing of the superficial femoral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman comes to the physician because she is seeing things that she knows are not there. Sometimes she sees a dog in her kitchen and at other times she sees a stranger in her garden, both of which no one else can see. She also reports a lack of motivation to do daily tasks for the past week. Three years ... | A: Adverse effect of medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department for worsening shortness of breath with exertion, mild chest pain, and lower extremity swelling. The patient reports increasing his alcohol intake and has been consuming a diet rich in salt over the past few days. Physical examination is significant for bilateral ... | B: Antibodies to heparin-platelet factor 4 complex |
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