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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Fluorescein is an artificial dark orange colored organic molecule used in the diagnosis of corneal ulcers and herpetic corneal infections. It is observed that, in experimental animals, the fluorescein binds to receptors on certain B cells, but it does not stimulate them to produce fluorescein specific antibodies unle... | B: Hapten |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male is evaluated in clinic approximately six months after resolution of a herpes zoster outbreak on his left flank. He states that despite the lesions having resolved, he is still experiencing constant burning and hypersensitivity to touch in the distribution of the old rash. You explain to him that th... | C: Post-herpetic neuralgia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy who recently emigrated from Nigeria is brought to the physician for evaluation of jaw swelling. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Examination shows a 5-cm solid mass located above the right mandible and significant cervical lymphadenopathy. A biopsy specimen of the mass... | C: t(8;14) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of a nonpruritic rash. He has been feeling more tired than usual and occasionally experiences pain in his wrists and ankles. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His temperature is 37.6°C (99.7°F), pulse is 98/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood... | C: Hepatitis C serology |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old African-American woman comes to the physician because of severe lower back pain. She has had dull lower back pain for several months, which suddenly become sharp in nature after lifting a heavy bucket of water 2 days ago. The pain is midline and does not radiate. She has had frequent vaginal dryness and... | C: Smoking history |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the hospital by her parents with a persistent fever of 41°C (105.8°F), which is not relieved by tylenol. Her birth history is unremarkable. On general examination, the child is agitated and looks ill. Her heart rate is 120/min and the respiratory rate is 22/min. The parents told the ph... | E: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a high fever and oxygen desaturation. He had a tracheostomy placed as an infant and has been placed on mechanical ventilation intermittently. Since then, he has had several bouts of pneumonia similar to his current presentation. In addition, he has been dea... | A: Branchial arch 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 9-month history of increasing fatigue and recurrent nausea. During this period, he has had a 3.8 kg (8.3 lb) weight loss. He also reports feeling lightheaded when he stands up suddenly. He was diagnosed with alopecia areata 1 year ago and was treated with monthly ... | D: Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a routine exam. She recently quit smoking after a 30 pack-year history and started exercising a little. Past medical history is noncontributory. She takes no medication. Her mother died at 65 from lung cancer. She rarely drinks alcohol and only uses nicotine gum as neede... | B: Maintenance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents for a routine checkup. She says she has been uncontrollably grimacing and smacking her lips for the past 2 months, and these symptoms have been getting progressively worse. Past medical history is significant for schizophrenia, managed medically with clozapine. Which of the following is t... | D: Tardive dyskinesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of generalized pain and muscle weakness. She suffered a nondisplaced left ulnar fracture 3 months ago after lifting a heavy crate of books. She has had progressively worsening renal function over the past 2 years but has not yet started ... | B: 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man presents to the emergency department with confusion, lacrimation, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. He developed these symptoms 30 minutes after he finished treating his garden with the insecticide malathion. His vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 85/50 mm Hg, he... | C: The patient’s symptoms result from the formation of covalent bonds between malathion and the affected enzyme. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his mother because she is worried about whether he is becoming ill. Specifically, he has been sent home from school six times in the past month because of headaches and abdominal pain. In fact, he has been in the nurse's office almost every day with various symptoms... | C: Play therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of lower back pain and tingling and numbness in his legs for the past 6 months. The pain radiates bilaterally to his buttocks and legs gets worse while standing or walking downhill. Two weeks ago, he had an upper respiratory tract infection that resolved spo... | D: Leaning forward relieves the pain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of a rash on her ankles with intermittent itching. After the rash developed, she started applying a new scented lotion to her legs daily. She works as a cashier at a grocery store. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Current medica... | E: Dermal deposition of hemosiderin " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old patient comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of persistent dry cough and shortness of breath with mild exertion. He reports feeling too weak to leave the house on most days. He has a history of hypertension and chronic atrial fibrillation. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 45 y... | A: Excess collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix of the lung |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents with problems with his vision. He says he has been experiencing blurred vision and floaters in his left eye for the past few days. He denies any ocular pain, fever, or headaches. Past medical history is significant for HIV infection a few years ago, for which he is noncompliant with his ant... | B: Nucleic acid synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:On a medical trip to Nicaragua, you observe a sweet odor in the cerumen of 12-hour female newborn. Within 48 hours, the newborn develops ketonuria, poor feeding, and a sweet odor is also noticed in the urine. By 96 hours, the newborn is extremely lethargic and opisthotonus is observed. In order to prevent a coma and ... | B: Valine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man with refractory shock has been under treatment in an intensive care unit for last 7 days. Despite the best possible management by the team of physicians and intensivists, he fails to show improvement. After discussion with his relatives and obtaining informed consent from them, the team administers ... | A: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents to pulmonary function clinic for preoperative evaluation for a right pneumonectomy. His arterial blood gas at room air is as follows: pH: 7.34 PaCO2: 68 mmHg PaO2: 56 mmHg Base excess: +1 O2 saturation: 89% What underlying condition most likely explains these findings?? {'A': 'Acute respira... | C: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old girl comes to the clinic because she is concerned about her weight. She states that she is on her school’s cheerleading team and is upset because she feels she is the “fattest” girl on the team despite her healthy diet. She says that in the last 2 weeks since practice began, she has lost 2 lbs. The pat... | D: Oral contraception-induced |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a 6-month history of persistent rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. She works in retail and notices her symptoms worsen anytime she is exposed to strong perfumes. Her symptoms have worsened since winter began 2 months ago. She has not had fever, nausea, wheezi... | D: Intranasal azelastine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman is hospitalized after developing an allergic reaction to the contrast medium used for a cerebral angiography. The study was initially ordered as part of the diagnostic approach of a suspected case of pseudotumor cerebri. Her medical history is unremarkable. On physical examination she has stable v... | A: Hyperkalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old patient presents to the pediatrician’s office with fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. Extensive work-up reveals a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In an effort to better tailor the patient’s treatments, thousands of genes are arranged on a chip and a probe is made from the patient’s DNA. This pro... | C: Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man is brought into the emergency department by ambulance. He was found stumbling in the street. He smells of alcohol and has difficulty answering any questions are giving any history about recent events. He is diagnosed with acute ethanol intoxication. After a night of IV fluid and sleep, he recovers a... | A: Anterograde amnesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man with worsening refractory epigastric pain secondary to long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease presents for endoscopic evaluation. Past medical history is also significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus that was diagnosed 3 years ago, managed medically. Current medications are metformin, metoclo... | D: Metaplasia of the esophageal mucosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A clinical trial is conducted to determine the efficacy of ginkgo biloba in the treatment of Parkinson disease. A sample of patients with major depression is divided into two groups. Participants in the first group are treated with ginkgo biloba, and participants in the other group receive a placebo. A change in the ... | B: Pygmalion effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of fever for the past 3 days. They also state that he has been less active and has been refusing to eat. The patient has had two episodes of bilateral otitis media since birth. He was born at term and had severe respiratory distress and sepsis short... | B: Defective beta-2 integrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother with complaints of cough productive of yellow sputum for the past couple of weeks. This is the 4th episode the boy has had this year. He has had recurrent episodes of cough since childhood, and previous episodes have subsided with antibiotics. There is no famil... | A: Dynein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for leg pain. He states that when he goes for walks with his dog, he starts feeling calf pain. He either has to stop or sit down before the pain resolves. He used to be able to walk at least a mile, and now he starts feeling the pain after 8 blocks. His medical... | D: Clopidogrel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician with a 6-month history of pain and swelling of both legs. The symptoms are worst at the end of the day and are associated with itching of the overlying skin. Physical examination shows bilateral pitting ankle edema. An image of one of the ankles is shown. This patient is at ... | E: Ulceration of the cutis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman presents to the physician with fever and sore throat for 2 days. She was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 15 years ago. She has had several flares necessitating admission to the hospital in recent years. She has developed deformity in her joints despite aggressive therapy. She is a candidate fo... | B: Felty syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of an intensely pruritic skin rash on his arms and legs for 12 hours. Two days ago, he returned from an annual camping trip with his son. The patient takes no medications. A photograph of the skin lesions on his left hand is shown. Activation of which of the fol... | A: T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with the sudden onset of neck pain and a severe spinning sensation for the last 6 hours. The symptoms initially began while he was lifting weights in the gym. He feels the room is spinning continuously, and he is unable to open his eyes or maintain his balance. T... | D: Past-pointing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents to clinic. He was born in southeast Asia and immigrated to the US three years ago. He has a history of chronic hepatitis C which he contracted from intravenous drug use. He reports that he has continued to take ribavirin, but unfortunately has started using heroin again. The patient was see... | E: Vaccinate the patient for Hepatitis B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath that started about 30 mins ago. He is also experiencing chest pain on deep inspiration. He has several significant medical conditions including obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He used to smoke about 3 packs ... | B: Greenfield filter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents to the emergency department after being tackled in a game of football. The patient was hit from behind and fell to the ground. After the event, he complained of severe pain in his knee. The patient has a past medical history of anabolic steroid use. His current medications include whey prot... | A: A palpable click with passive motion of the knee |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research group from a small outpatient clinic is investigating the health benefits of a supplement containing polyphenol-rich extract from pomegranate, as several studies have suggested that pomegranate juice may have antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory effects. Two researchers involved in the ... | C: Design bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman with chronic epigastric pain comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent, loose, foul-smelling stools. She has also had a 6-kg (13-lb) weight loss. She has consumed 9–10 alcoholic beverages daily for the past 25 years. Seven years ago, she traveled to Mexico on vacation; sh... | C: Pancreatic calcifications |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old, working, first-time mother brings her 9-month-old male infant to the pediatrician for "wounds that simply won't heal" and bleeding gums. She exclaims, "I have been extra careful with him making sure to not let him get dirty, I boil his baby formula for 15 minutes each morning before I leave for work to... | D: Conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, myalgia, and swelling in his left groin after a recent camping trip in northern California. He appears acutely ill. Physical examination shows tender, left-sided inguinal lymphadenopathy and an enlarged, tender lymph node in the right axill... | C: Squirrels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is measuring the blood calcium level in a sample of female cross country runners and a control group of sedentary females. If she would like to compare the means of the two groups, which statistical test should she use?? {'A': 't-test', 'B': 'ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)', 'C': 'Linear regression', 'D... | A: t-test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy presents with acute left-sided weakness. The patient is obtunded and can not provide any history other than his stomach hurts. The patient’s friend states that the patient has had episodes like this in the past and that “he has the same weird disease as his mom”. On physical examination, strength is... | C: Conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with recurrent episodes of flushing. At first she attributed these symptoms to hormonal changes. However, lately she has also been experiencing episodes of explosive, watery diarrhea. She has also noticed the onset of heart palpitations. Her vital signs are ... | A: Octreotide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because his teachers have noticed him staring blankly on multiple occasions over the past month. These episodes last for several seconds and occasionally his eyelids flutter. He was born at term and has no history of serious illness. He has met all his develo... | C: Ethosuximide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has had difficulty reading for the past 6 months. She tried using multiple over-the-counter glasses with different strengths, but they have not helped. She has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current medications include insulin and... | D: Open-angle glaucoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male presented to his primary care physician with exertional dyspnea. The patient had a 30-year history of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day. Physical examination reveals a barrel-chested appearance, and it is noted that the patient breathes through pursed lips. Spirometry shows decreased FEV1, FVC... | B: Centriacinar emphysema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic for a routine check-up. She gained about 5 kg (11 lb) since the last time she weighed herself 3 months ago. She also complains of constipation and sensitivity to cold. She also noticed her hair appears to be thinning. The patient started to use combined oral contracept... | B: Inhibition of hormones in the pituitary gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for a severe throbbing headache, nausea, and photophobia for the past 3 hours. She has severe occipital pain and chest tightness. Prior to the onset of her symptoms, she had attended a networking event where she had red wine and, shortly after, a snack consis... | B: Phenelzine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Shortly after delivery, a female newborn develops bluish discoloration of the lips, fingers, and toes. She was born at term to a 38-year-old primigravid woman. Pregnancy was complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 81%. Echocardiography shows immediate bifurc... | E: Spiraling of aorticopulmonary septum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A thymidine kinase-deficient varicella-zoster virus strain has been isolated at a retirement home. Many of the elderly had been infected with this strain and are experiencing shingles. Which of the following would be the best antiviral agent to treat this population?? {'A': 'Acyclovir', 'B': 'Famciclovir', 'C': 'Ganc... | D: Cidofovir |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A worried mother brings her 12-day-old son to the emergency room concerned that his body is turning "yellow". The patient was born at 39 weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery without complications. The mother received adequate prenatal care and has been breastfeeding her son. The patient has had adequate urine and s... | D: Reassure mother that jaundice will remit, advise her to continue breastfeeding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man interested in pre-exposure therapy for HIV (PrEP) is being evaluated to qualify for a PrEP study. In order to qualify, patients must be HIV- and hepatitis B- and C-negative. Any other sexually transmitted infections require treatment prior to initiation of PrEP. The medical history is positive for a... | B: It is a qualitative test used for screening purposes. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of generalized fatigue, myalgia, and a pruritic skin rash for the past 5 months. As a child, he was involved in a motor vehicle accident and required several blood transfusions. Physical examination shows right upper abdominal tenderness, scleral icterus, an... | B: Viral RNA polymerase lacks proofreading ability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe right leg pain accompanied by tingling and weakness. His condition started suddenly 3 hours ago when he was watching a movie. His medical history is remarkable for type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. He has been smoking 20–30 cigarettes per day... | C: Acute limb ischemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-day-old girl presents to the pediatrician for a well visit. Her mother reports that she has been exclusively breastfeeding since birth. The patient feeds on demand every one to two hours for 10-15 minutes on each breast. The patient’s mother reports that once or twice a day, the patient sleeps for a longer stret... | B: Observe the patient during a feeding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to the physician with a cough accompanied by expectoration and recurrent wheezing, for the last 2 years. He says that his symptoms have progressed slowly in severity and frequency over this period. There is no history of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, or high fever. He has been a smoker for ... | C: Serum α1-antitrypsin level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man who recently emigrated from Southeast Asia presents with heartburn and a bad taste in his mouth. He says the symptoms have been present for the last 6 months and are much worse at night. He describes the pain as moderate to severe, burning in character, and localized to the epigastric region. He men... | E: Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man in respiratory distress presents to the emergency department. He sustained a stab to his left chest and was escorted to the nearest hospital. The patient appears pale and has moderate difficulty with breathing. His O2 saturation is 94%. The left lung is dull to percussion. CXRs are ordered and confi... | B: Chest tube insertion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman complains of fatigue and pallor. She says symptoms that started several months ago and have been becoming more serious with time. She reports that she has been exercising regularly and has been adhering to a strict vegan diet. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no curren... | D: Iron deficiency anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl with an autosomal dominant mutation in myosin-binding protein C is being evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist. The family history reveals that the patient's father died suddenly at age 33 while running a half-marathon. What was the likely finding on histological evaluation of her father's heart at... | A: Myocyte disarray |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old female comes to the clinic complaining of fatigue and palpitations. She has been undergoing immense stress from her thesis defense and has been extremely tired. The patient denies any weight loss, diarrhea, cold/heat intolerance. TSH was within normal limits. She reports a family history of "blood disea... | C: Introns |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old patient with a history of diabetes presents to the ED with a myriad of systemic complaints. An arterial blood gas shows serum pH = 7.3, HCO3- = 13 mEq/L, PCO2 = 27 mmHg. Which of the following would you LEAST expect to observe in this patient?? {'A': 'Increased anion gap', 'B': 'Increased serum ketones'... | D: Decreased respiratory rate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her mother because she has been worried about her daughter's strange behavior for the past 2 years. She does not have any friends and spends most of her time alone in her room. She usually wears a long, black, hooded cloak. She is anxious at college because she is un... | B: Schizotypal personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old African American woman presents to her family physician with shortness of breath on exertion. She also describes shortness of breath when she lies down to go to bed at night, as well as recent swelling in her ankles. Past medical history is significant for long-standing hypertension, for which she takes... | A: Intimal thickening and medial hypertrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother who is concerned about his early sexual development. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He is at the 99th percentile for height and 70th percentile for weight. His blood pressure is 115/78 mm Hg. Examination shows greasy facial ski... | A: Deficiency of 21β-hydroxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to to the emergency department with fatigue and shortness of breath that has become progressively worse over the past week. He had an upper respiratory tract infection 2 weeks ago, for which he was given an antibiotic. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and colonic polyps diagnosed... | E: Mechanical destruction of erythrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes in to her primary care physician's office for an athletic physical. She is on her school’s varsity swim team. She states she is doing “ok” in her classes. She is worried about her upcoming swim meet. She states, “I feel like I’m the slowest one on the team. Everyone is way more fit than I am.... | A: Dental cavities |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:After being warned by the locals not to consume the freshwater, a group of American backpackers set off on a week-long hike into a region of the Ecuadorean Amazon forest known for large gold mines. The group of hikers stopped near a small stream and used the water they filtered from the stream to make dinner. Within ... | D: Cytochrome c oxidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of fever and productive cough with blood in the sputum for 1 day. She also reports a sharp pain under her ribs that is worsened on taking deep breaths. Over the past 2 years, she has had repeated episodes of sinusitis, for which she used over the counter m... | A: Increased c-ANCA titers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents with a 5-week history of multiple cutaneous ulcers on his left forearm and neck, which he first noticed after returning from a 2-month stay in rural Peru. He does not recall any trauma or arthropod bites. The lesions began as non-pruritic erythematous papules that became enlarged, ulcerated... | B: Cutaneous leishmaniasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought in to the pediatrician by his mother because she is concerned that he is not gaining weight. She reports that the patient has a good appetite, eats a varied diet of solid foods, and drinks 2 cups of milk a day. The patient’s mother also reports that he has foul-smelling stools over 6 times... | C: Infertility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of fatigue and increased urination. The patient reports that he has been drinking more than usual because he is constantly thirsty. He has avoided driving for the past 8 weeks because of intermittent episodes of blurred vision. He had elevated bloo... | C: ACE inhibitor therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl with no significant past medical history presents to the clinic with a 4-day history of acute onset cough. Her parents have recently started to introduce several new foods into her diet. Her vital signs are all within normal limits. Physical exam is significant for decreased breath sounds on the rig... | B: Rigid broncoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy presents with his mother complaining of a swollen, red, painful left knee. His physician aspirates the joint and discovers frank blood. The patient denies a recent history of trauma to the knee. Upon further discussion, the mother describes that her son has had multiple swollen painful joints before... | A: Hemophilia A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the emergency department with right knee pain. He was playing soccer when an opposing player tackled him from the side and they both fell down. He immediately heard a popping sound and felt severe pain in his right knee that prevented him from standing or walking. On physical examination, h... | D: Medial meniscus tear |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of sharp pain in his left flank that began suddenly 30 minutes ago. Physical examination shows costovertebral angle tenderness on the left side. A photomicrograph of the urine is shown. The patient is most likely to benefit from an increase of which of the f... | B: Citrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man comes to the physician for a 1-week history of a painless swelling on the right side of his neck that he noticed while showering. He is 203 cm (6 ft 8 in) tall and weighs 85 kg (187 lb); BMI is 21 kg/m2. Physical examination shows long, thin fingers and an increased arm-length to body-height ratio. ... | B: Oral tumors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old newborn boy is brought to the emergency department because of apnea, cyanosis, and seizures. He is severely hypoglycemic and does not improve with glucagon administration. His blood pressure is 100/62 mm Hg and heart rate is 75/min. Blood tests show high lactate levels. Physical examination is notable for... | A: Glucose-6-phosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An American pediatrician travels to Bangladesh on a medical mission. While working in the local hospital's emergency room, she sees a 2-week-old boy who was brought in by his mother with muscle spasms and difficulty sucking. The mother gave birth at home at 38 weeks gestation and was attended to by her older sister w... | C: Blocking release of GABA and glycine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of increased frequency of micturition over the past month. He has also been waking up frequently during the night to urinate. Over the past 2 months, he has had a 3.2-kg (7-lb) weight loss. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He is at 40th p... | D: Insulin deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to his doctor because of 2 weeks of progressively worsening pain on the outer side of his right elbow. He does not recall any trauma to the area. The patient plays tennis recreationally and has recently gone from playing weekly to playing daily in preparation for a local tournament. He has had... | E: Repeated wrist extension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of lethargy, recurrent vomiting, and poor weight gain since birth. Physical examination shows decreased skin turgor and a bulging frontal fontanelle. Serum studies show an ammonia concentration of 170 μmol/L (N < 30) and low serum citrulline levels. The ... | B: Protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents for a regular check-up. He does not have any complaints at the time of presentation. He has a history of several episodes of acute non-necrotizing pancreatitis with the last episode being 2 years ago. Also, he was diagnosed with hypertension 5 years ago. Currently, he takes aspirin, atorvas... | B: Add fenofibrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of swelling and pain in her left knee. She has had similar episodes of swollen joints over the past 3 weeks. Two months ago, she had a rash on her upper back that subsided after a few days. She lives in Pennsylvania and works as a forest ranger. He... | E: Infection with spiral-shaped bacteria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from his home. He is unresponsive. His son requested a wellness check because he had not heard from his father in 2 weeks. He reports that his father was sounding depressed during a telephone. The paramedics found a suicide note and a half-empty bottle of antif... | B: Anion gap metabolic acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to the postoperative unit after undergoing an appendectomy following 2 episodes of acute appendicitis. He complains of nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, his temperature is 36.9°C (98.4ºF), pulse rate is 96/minute, blood pressure is 122/80 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 14/minute... | E: Inhibition of serotonin receptors on the vagal and spinal afferent nerves from the intestines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A pharmaceutical company is studying a new drug that inhibits the glucose transporter used by intestinal enterocytes to absorb glucose into the body. The drug was designed such that it would act upon the glucose transporter similarly to how cyanide acts upon cytochrome proteins. During pre-clinical studies, the behav... | D: Unchanged Km and decreased Vmax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old G1P1 woman is brought into the clinic by her concerned husband. The husband has noted that his wife is not behaving normally. She no longer enjoys his company or is not particularly happy around their newborn. The newborn was delivered 3 weeks ago via normal vaginal delivery with no complications. He al... | A: If symptoms present within a month after delivery and treatment occurs promptly, the prognosis is good |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening abdominal pain, an inability to concentrate at work, and a general lack of motivation over the past several months. He has a history of spontaneous passage of two kidney stones. His father and uncle underwent thyroidectomy before the age of 35 for thyroid ... | E: Urine metanephrines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old HIV-positive male presents to his primary care physician complaining of decreased libido. He reports that he has been unable to maintain an erection for the past two weeks. He has never encountered this problem before. He was hospitalized four weeks ago for cryptococcal meningitis and has been on long-t... | E: Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old right-handed man with hypertension and hyperlipidemia is brought to the emergency department for sudden onset of nausea and vertigo one hour ago. Physical examination shows 5/5 strength in all extremities. Sensation to light touch and pinprick is decreased in the right arm and leg. A CT scan of the brai... | B: Right-sided homonymous hemianopia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man comes to the physician because of gradually worsening rhythmic movements of his right hand for the past 5 months. His symptoms worsen when he is in a meeting and he is concerned that people are noticing it more frequently. There is no personal or family history of serious illness, but the patient re... | B: Trihexyphenidyl |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man comes to the physician for routine health maintenance examination. He feels well. He has hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Current medications include metoprolol and pantoprazole. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. Temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 75/min, and blood pressure ... | C: Observation and follow-up |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:29-year-old G2P2002 presents with foul-smelling lochia and fever. She is post-partum day three status-post cesarean section due to eclampsia. Her temperature is 101 F, and heart rate is 103. She denies chills. On physical exam, lower abdominal and uterine tenderness is present. Leukocytosis with left shift is seen in... | C: Intravenous clindamycin and gentamicin treatment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents with fatigue and increased daytime somnolence. He says his symptoms began gradually 6 months ago and have progressively worsened and have begun to interfere with his job as a computer programmer. He is also bothered by episodes of paralysis upon waking from naps and reports visual hallucina... | A: Cardiac irregularities, nervousness, hallucinations |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Which of the following physiologic changes decreases pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?? {'A': 'Inhaling the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)', 'B': 'Exhaling the expiratory reserve volume (ERV)', 'C': 'Inhaling the entire vital capacity (VC)', 'D': 'Exhaling the entire vital capacity (VC)', 'E': 'Breath holding ma... | E: Breath holding maneuver at functional residual capacity (FRC) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old G2P1 woman presents to the clinic complaining of amenorrhea. She reports that she has not had a period for 2 months. A urine pregnancy test that she performed yesterday was negative. She is sexually active with her husband and uses regular contraception. Her past medical history is significant for diabe... | B: Intrauterine adhesions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month old male infant with HIV infection is brought to the physician for evaluation. The physician recommends monthly intramuscular injections of a monoclonal antibody to protect against a particular infection. The causal pathogen for this infection is most likely transmitted by which of the following routes?? {'... | A: Aerosol inhalation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 1-hour history of nausea and upper abdominal and substernal chest pain radiating to his lower jaw. He vomited several times before arriving at the hospital. His last visit to the primary care physician was 6 months ago during which he complained of fatigue... | E: Papillary muscle rupture leading to reflux of blood into left atrium |
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