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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man visits his primary care doctor after being discharged from the hospital 3 weeks ago. He presented to the hospital with chest pain and was found to have ST elevations in leads I, aVL, and V6. He underwent cardiac catheterization with balloon angioplasty and was discharged on appropriate medications. ... | A: Aspirin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old woman presents for a routine check-up. She is a college student with no complaints. She has a 2 pack-year history of smoking and consumes alcohol occasionally. Her sexual debut was at 15 years of age and has had 2 sexual partners. She takes oral contraceptives and uses barrier contraception. Her family... | C: The patient should undergo screening every 3 years after she turns 21 years of age. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man comes to the emergency department for severe left knee pain for the past 8 hours. He describes it as an unbearable, burning pain that woke him up from his sleep. He has been unable to walk since. He has not had any trauma to the knee. Ten months ago, he had an episode of acute pain and swelling of t... | B: Arthrocentesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a runny nose, sneezing, and coughing that has persisted for a few months. He denies feeling weak or tired, but states that his symptoms have disrupted his every day life. The patient has no significant past medical history. He drinks alcohol occasionally on... | D: Intranasal steroid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of pain and stiffness in his right index finger and left knee. The past medical history is remarkable for severe dandruff and an episode of apparent gout in the left 1st toe 6 months ago, which never resolved. The physical examination confirms dacty... | B: Psoriatic arthritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents with visual disturbances. He says that he is having double vision since he woke up this morning. His past medical history is insignificant except for occasional mild headaches. The patient is afebrile and his vitals are within normal limits. On physical examination of his eyes, there is par... | E: Abducens nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old male presents with a painless, enlarged left scrotum. After examining the patient, you suspect this enlargement is secondary to serous fluid entering and accumulating in the scrotum through a patent processus vaginalis. Which of the following would be the most useful next step in confirming the diagnosi... | B: Transillumination test followed by scrotal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman presents to your medical office complaining of ‘feeling tired’. The patient states that she has been having some trouble eating because her ‘tongue hurts’, but she has no other complaints. On examination, the patient has pale conjunctiva and skin and also appears tired. She has a smooth, red tongu... | B: Pernicious anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe pain of the left first metatarsophalangeal joint. He says that the pain started 3 hours ago and describes it as sharp in character. The pain has been so severe that he has not been able to tolerate any movement of the joint. His past medical history i... | C: Negatively birefringent crystals in the joint |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman comes to the office with the complaints of severe bleeding after a dental extraction which required local hemostatic therapy. She has a long-term excessive menstrual bleeding and iron-deficiency anemia that required treatment with iron supplement since the age of 17. In addition, she states that h... | E: Von Willebrand disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents with flatulence and abdominal cramping after meals. For the last year, she has been feeling uneasy after meals and sometimes has severe pain after eating breakfast in the morning. She also experiences flatulence and, on rare occasions, diarrhea. She says she has either cereal or oats in t... | B: Magnesium hydroxide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man is brought to the office by his parents due to concerns about his behavior. They describe their son as aloof and a loner who earns average to below average grades in school. Today, his heart rate is 90/min, respiratory rate is 17/min, blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg, and temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F... | B: Schizoid personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of left lower leg pain after tripping on the stairs in her house. She reports that she has become a vegetarian and has been avoiding sunlight exposure for the last 2 years after watching a TV program on how to reduce the risk of malignancies. Physical... | D: Synthesis of cholecalciferol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. He suffered multiple deep lacerations and experienced significant blood loss during transport. In the emergency department, his temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 102/68 mmHg, pulse is 112/min, and respi... | D: Increased cardiac output and increased right atrial pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-day-old male is brought to your office by his mother. The infant is experiencing bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and overall failure to thrive. A contrast enema shows a transition point at the transverse colon between dilated ascending colon and non-distended distal portion of the colon. Which of the foll... | E: Failure of neural crest cell migration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to her physician because she has been feeling increasingly fatigued over the last several months. In addition, she says that she has woken up at night several times and found herself completely covered in sweat. Finally, she says that she has lost 20 pounds despite no changes in her daily... | D: Retinal hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents to an urgent care clinic with bilateral flank pain for the past 2 days. During the last week, he has been experiencing some difficulty with urination, which prevented him from leaving his home. Now, he has to go to the bathroom 4–5 times per hour and he wakes up multiple times during the ni... | C: 5-alpha reductase inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-month-old female infant is brought to the pediatrician by her stepfather for irritability. He states that his daughter was crying through the night last night, but she didn’t want to eat and was inconsolable. This morning, she felt warm. The father also notes that she had dark, strong smelling urine on the last ... | C: Renal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her father for the evaluation of abdominal pain for 1 hour after drinking a bottle of rust remover. The father reports that she vomited once on the way to the hospital and that her vomit was not bloody. The patient has pain with swallowing. She appears uncom... | B: Esophageal strictures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A clinical trial investigating a new biomedical device used to correct congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot) in infants has recently been published. The study was a preliminary investigation of a new device and as such the sample size is only 20 participants. The results indicate that the new biomedical device i... | C: Mode |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of severe pain while passing stools. The stools are covered with bright red blood. He has been avoiding defecation because of the pain. Last year, he was hospitalized for pilonidal sinus surgery. He has had chronic lower back pain ever since he had ... | C: Sitz baths and topical nifedipine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old girl with Down syndrome is brought into the pediatrician’s office by her father for her first well-child visit. The father states she was a home birth at 39 weeks gestation after an uneventful pregnancy without prenatal care. The child has not received any routine immunizations. The father states that s... | B: Indomethacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of severe pain in both of her wrist joints and her fingers for the past 24 hours. She has a 6-month history of similar episodes, which are often associated with stiffness for about 90 minutes when she wakes up in the morning. She has hyperlipidemia and hyp... | C: Prednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year old Caucasian woman visits a community clinic and is presenting with a long history of early satiety, diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, and brittle nails. Her family history is insignificant. Her personal history is relevant for iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency, as seen in her lab reports a few... | C: Anti-parietal cell antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy presents with abdominal pain and diarrhea after returning from an East Asian vacation. Stool sample reveals the presence of red and white blood cells. Stool culture shows growth of immobile, non-lactose fermenting gram-negative rods. The attending physician explains to the medical students that the ... | D: Shigella dysenteriae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 29 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of colicky postprandial abdominal pain. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 29-week gestation. Ultrasonography of the abdomen shows multi... | E: Increased secretion of cholesterol " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to a pediatrician with a history of repeated episodes of right-ear symptoms, including irritability, fever, ear pain, and pulling at the ear, for the last 2 years. Each episode has been treated with an appropriate antibiotic for the recommended duration of time as prescribed by the pediatr... | E: Myringotomy with insertion of a tympanostomy tube |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his wife. She states that they were having dinner at a restaurant when the patient suddenly became out of breath. His past medical history is irrelevant but has a 20-year pack smoking history. On evaluation, the patient is alert and verbally responsive but in mode... | C: Urgent needle decompression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of substernal chest pain that radiates to the left shoulder. Electrocardiogram (EKG) demonstrates ST-elevations in leads II, III, and aVF. The patient subsequently underwent catheterization with drug-eluting stent placement with stabilization of his cond... | A: Aspirin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy presents for a routine checkup. The patient’s mother says that he has been ‘under the weather’ for the past few days. She did not measure his temperature at home but states that he has felt warm. She denies any episodes of diarrhea or vomiting. No significant past medical history or current medicatio... | B: Administer the hepatitis A vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother due to frequent vomiting, abdominal pain, and weakness. Over the last 5 days, has been noted to have polydipsia and polyuria. Family history is irrelevant. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.7°F), blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, and pulse is 110/min. P... | B: Immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman came to the emergency department due to severe symptoms of intoxication and unexplained convulsions. She is accompanied by her husband who reports that she takes disulfiram. There is no prior personal and family history of epilepsy. She shows signs of confusion, hyperirritability, and disorientati... | E: B6 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining fatigue and a vague muscle pain in her limbs. She always seems tired and has difficulty getting through her workday and doing chores around the house. This has been going on for several months and her symptoms seem to be getting worse. She also adm... | B: Hyperparathyroidism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever and increasing confusion for the past day. He has bipolar disorder with psychotic features and hypothyroidism. Current medications are lithium, haloperidol, and levothyroxine. He drinks one beer with dinner every night. His speech is confused a... | E: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician because she palpated a mass in her right breast during self-examination a week ago. Menarche was at the age of 14, and her last menstrual period was at the age of 51. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a nontender, firm and hard mass in the upper outer q... | C: Nodal status |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy comes to the physician for a follow-up after a blood test showed a serum triglyceride level of 821 mg/dL. Several of his family members have familial hypertriglyceridemia. The patient is prescribed a drug that increases his risk of gallstone disease. The expected beneficial effect of this drug is mo... | A: Increased lipoprotein lipase activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the psychiatrist due to unusual behavior over the past several months. His mother reports that he has started to blink more frequently than usual. His parents initially attributed this behavior to attention-seeking but he has not stopped despite multiple disciplinary efforts and behavio... | B: Guanfacine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn infant is resuscitated and transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. The infant has notable limb deformities as well as low-set ears and a flattened nose. He was born at 34 weeks gestation to a healthy mother who received regular obstetric follow-up. Resuscitation was notable for difficulty maintaini... | B: Cystic dilation of the collecting ducts in the kidney |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the effects of various substances on mature B-cells. She observes that while most substances are only able to promote the production of antibodies when the B-cells are co-cultured with T-cells, a small subset of substances are able to trigger antibody production even in the absence of T-cells... | D: Requires mitogens |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man is brought to the physician by his daughter after he was found wandering on the street. For the last 3 months, he often has a blank stare for several minutes. He also claims to have seen strangers in the house on several occasions who were not present. He has hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and wa... | A: Lewy body dementia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old female presents to your office with her daughter. The patient states that she feels perfectly well and that she does not know why she is present. The daughter states that over the last several years, the patient has become forgetful and recently forgot her grandchild's name, along with the groceries she... | A: MRI scan of head |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old female medical student presents to occupational health after sustaining a needlestick injury. She reports that she was drawing blood from an HIV-positive patient when she stuck herself percutaneously while capping the needle. She immediately washed the puncture wound with betadine. The medical student h... | E: Draw her repeat HIV serology and immediately initiate three-drug antiretroviral therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to the office for a routine health check-up. Managing his weight has been his focus to improve his overall health. The doctor discusses his weight loss goals and overall health benefits from weight loss, including better blood pressure management and decreased insulin resistance. The nation... | C: 145 kg (320 lb) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. His mother is concerned because he is unable to walk on his own. He has been increasingly irritable over the past month, has been feeding poorly, and has had multiple episodes of vomiting. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is at the 50th... | B: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator for a nationally representative health survey is evaluating the heights and weights of men and women aged 18–74 years in the United States. The investigator finds that for each sex, the distribution of heights is well-fitted by a normal distribution. The distribution of weight is not normally distribu... | B: 99.7% of heights in women are likely to fall between 63.7 and 64.3 inches. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old female college senior comes to the physician with a 1-year history of recurrent palpitations accompanied by sweating, facial blushing, and sometimes nausea. The symptoms are worse during class when she is occasionally called out to speak, which causes her to feel embarrassed. She has been skipping class... | E: Social anxiety disorder " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man presents to the clinic because of painful, severe blistering over his buttocks for the past week. About a year ago, he noticed a similar outbreak on his inner thighs, but it receded within a few days on its own. Physical examination shows the blisters are tense, and rubbing the affected skin does no... | B: Hemidesmosomes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of nausea and vomiting for the past 2 hours. The patient has neither had diarrhea nor fever. Four hours ago he ate some leftover Indian rice dish he had ordered the night before. There is no history of serious illness. He immigrated from India 8 years ago wi... | B: Bacillus cereus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents with multiple episodes of sudden-onset severe pain in his right side of the face lasting for only a few seconds. He describes the pain as lancinating, giving the sensation of an electrical shock. He says the episodes are precipitated by chewing or touching the face. Which of the following s... | D: Syndrome of inappropriate ADH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of shortness of breath. His temperature is 37.2°C (99°F) and pulse is 105/min. When the blood pressure cuff is inflated to 140 mm Hg, the patient's pulse is audible and regular. However, upon inspiration, the pulse disappears and does not reappear until expi... | E: Asthma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman presents with nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness. She is sexually active with two partners and occasionally uses condoms during intercourse. A β-hCG urinary test is positive. A transvaginal ultrasound reveals an 8-week fetus in the uterine cavity. The patient is distressed by this news and req... | D: Explain the risk and potential harmful effects of the procedure. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after sustaining an injury to his right hand. His mother says that she was cleaning the bathroom when he accidentally knocked over the drain cleaner bottle and spilled the liquid onto his hand. On arrival, he is crying and holding h... | E: Irrigate with water |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man with hypertension comes to the emergency department because of progressively worsening abdominal pain that started 1 week ago. The pain is localized to the right upper quadrant. He has also noticed yellowing of his eyes and skin during this time period. Physical examination shows jaundice, a distend... | B: Hepatic vein obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy comes to the physician because of skin changes on his face, chest, and back over the past year. Treatment with over-the-counter benzoyl peroxide has been ineffective. Physical examination shows numerous open comedones, inflammatory papules, and pustules on his face, chest, and back. Which of the fol... | D: Excess androgen production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She had a spontaneous abortion 3 months ago. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She reports feeling sad occasionally but has continued working and attending social events. She does not have any suicidal ideation or tendencies. She does no... | E: Hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressively worsening fatigue, nausea, and right upper quadrant pain. He has a history of intravenous heroin use. Both serum Anti-HBe and Anti-HBc are positive. Further analysis of the Anti-HBc immunoglobulin is most likely to show which of the following propertie... | B: Forms a pentamer when secreted |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old young man presents to his primary care physician for weakness and tingling in his hand. The patient is an avid bodybuilder and has noticed that his grip strength has gradually worsened in both hands with symptoms worse at the end of a long workout. The patient has a past medical history of anabolic ster... | B: Cubital tunnel compression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter because of increasing forgetfulness and generalized fatigue over the past 4 months. She is unable to remember recent events and can no longer recognize familiar people. She lives independently, but her daughter has hired a helper in the past month since ... | E: Elevated serum TSH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A stool sample was taken from a 19-year-old male who presented with profuse watery diarrhea. He recently returned from a trip to Central America. A microbiologist identified the causative agent as a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, comma-shaped bacteria that is able to grow well in a pH > 8. Which of the following is... | B: Overactivation of adenylate cyclase by activation of Gs subunit by ADP-ribosylation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is attempting to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of a healthy adult volunteer. The volunteer's inulin clearance is evaluated under continuous inulin infusion and urine collection and compared to the creatinine clearance. It is found that the estimated GFR based on the volunteer's creatinin... | E: Creatinine is actively secreted |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man is brought into the emergency room for complaints of acute onset chest pain and shortness of breath. He has a history of mental retardation and lives at home with his adoptive parents. His parents inform you that he has not seen a doctor since he was adopted as child and that he currently takes no m... | E: Serum blood test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old gravida 5, para 4 presents to the physician for prenatal care at 32 weeks of pregnancy. She comes from a rural region of Ethiopia and did not have appropriate prenatal care during previous pregnancies. She has no complaints of swelling, contractions, loss of fluid, or bleeding from the vagina. During he... | C: The patient should receive at least 2 doses of tetanus toxoid within the 4-week interval to ensure that she and her baby will both have immunity against tetanus. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents with multiple episodes of hemoptysis for a week. It is associated with generalized weakness, decreased appetite, and a 5.4 kg (12 lb) weight loss in 2 months. He has a smoking history of a pack a day for the last 47 years. Physical examination reveals pallor, while the rest of the results a... | B: Small cell carcinoma of the lung |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 84-year-old man is brought to the physician by the staff of a group home where he resides because of worsening confusion and decreased urinary output. His nurse reports that the patient has not been drinking much for the last 3 days. Examination shows a decreased skin turgor and dry oral mucosa. His pulse is 105/m... | D: Denudation of tubular basement membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old Caucasian woman presents with a 2-month history of general fatigue, slight jaundice, and mild itching. She has also noticed that her urine has been darker and stools have been lighter in color recently. She denies any fevers, chills, or alcohol use. She has no significant past medical or surgical histor... | E: Anti-mitochondrial antibody |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man, with a history of intravenous (IV) drug use, presented to the emergency department due to worsening non-productive cough, exertional dyspnea, and night sweats. His cough started 3 weeks ago and progressively worsened. He is homeless and well-known by the hospital staff. He was previously admitted t... | D: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of vision impairment in her right eye for the past 2 weeks. During this period, she was unable to distinguish colors with her right eye. She also reports pain with eye movement. She has no double vision. She occasionally has headaches that are relieved by ibuprofen. ... | E: Optic neuritis " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend because of acute agitation and bizarre behavior. The girlfriend reports that, over the past 3 months, the patient has become withdrawn and stopped pursuing hobbies that he used to enjoy. One month ago, he lost his job because he stopped going ... | D: Schizophreniform disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G1P0 female presents for her first prenatal visit. She is in a monogamous relationship with her husband, and has had two lifetime sexual partners. She has never had a blood transfusion and has never used injection drugs. Screening for which of the following infections is most appropriate to recommend th... | B: Syphilis, HIV, and HBV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a fever and a rash. This morning the patient was irritable and had a fever which gradually worsened throughout the day. He also developed a rash prior to presentation. He was previously healthy and is not currently taking any medications. His temperature is 1... | A: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of progressively worsening jaundice, generalized itching, and epigastric discomfort. He also complains of nausea and loss of appetite. His stools have looked like clay for the past week. He has returned from a vacation in Thailand... | C: Cancer antigen 19-9 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is brought to the doctor’s office by his mother because the patient believes aliens have begun to read his mind and will soon have him performing missions for them. The patient’s mother says that the delusions have been intermittently present for periods of at least 1-month over the past year. When ... | C: Schizophrenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old female with no past medical history presents to her primary care physician with a 3-day history of knee pain. She denies any recent injury or trauma. On physical examination her knee is warm, erythematous, and has diminished range of movement. The patient reports to having multiple sexual partners over ... | D: Ceftriaxone monotherapy and joint aspiration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of progressive weakness. She has had increased difficulty combing her hair and climbing stairs. She has hypertension. She has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years. She does not drink alcohol. Her mother had coronary artery disease and sy... | E: Anti-Jo-1 antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with nausea and vomiting. The patient states that he has felt nauseous for the past week and began vomiting last night. He thought his symptoms would resolve but decided to come in when his symptoms worsened. He feels that his symptoms are exacerbated with large ... | A: Adhesions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old postmenopausal woman comes to the physician for a screening Pap smear. She has no history of serious illness. Her last Pap smear was 10 years ago and showed no abnormalities. She has smoked one-half pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years and drinks 3 bottles of wine per week. She is sexually active with ... | E: Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents with a severe headache, nausea, and vomiting for the past 48 hours. Vitals show a blood pressure of 220/134 mm Hg and a pulse of 88/min. Urinalysis shows a 2+ proteinuria and RBC casts. Which of the following renal lesions is most likely to be seen in this patient?? {'A': 'Fibrinoid necro... | A: Fibrinoid necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with weakness, fatigability, headache, and faintness. She began to develop these symptoms 4 months ago, and their intensity has been increasing since then. Her medical history is significant for epilepsy diagnosed 4 years ago. She was prescribed valproic acid, which, even at a maximum dos... | B: Phenytoin intake |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old male presents to your office with right knee pain. He is the quarterback of his high school football team and developed the knee pain after being tackled in last night's game. He states he was running with the ball and was hit on the lateral aspect of his right knee while his right foot was planted. Now... | D: Valgus stress test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy admitted to the intensive care unit 1 day ago for severe pneumonia suddenly develops hypotension. He was started on empiric antibiotics and his blood culture reports are pending. According to the nurse, the patient was doing fine until his blood pressure suddenly dropped. Vital signs include: blood ... | E: Release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of severe fatigue that started 1 week ago. Ten days ago, he finished a course of oral cephalexin for cellulitis. He does not take any medications. He appears tired. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), pulse is 95/min, and blood pressure is 120/75 mm Hg. Examination sho... | B: Oral prednisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man presents to you with gradual loss of voice and difficulty swallowing for the past couple of months. The difficulty of swallowing is for both solid and liquid foods. His past medical history is insignificant except for occasional mild headaches. Physical exam also reveals loss of taste sensation on t... | C: Jugular foramen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn whose mother had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is likely to have which of the following findings?? {'A': 'Atrophy of pancreatic islets cells', 'B': 'Hypoglycemia', 'C': 'Hyperglycemia', 'D': 'Amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets', 'E': 'Ketoacidosis'}, | B: Hypoglycemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of right wrist pain after a fall from a ladder. Physical examination shows decreased grip strength and tenderness between the tendons of extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. X-ray of the right wrist shows no abnormalities. This patient is at increased... | B: Osteoarthritis of the radiocarpal joint |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination. Five months ago, she was treated for gonococcal urethritis. She recently moved in with her newlywed husband. She is sexually active with her husband and they do not use condoms. Her only medication i... | E: Escherichia coli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old girl presents to her pediatrician with her mother. The patient was born at 38 weeks gestation via Caesarian section for cervical incompetence. The patient’s mother has no complaints, although she notes that the child had a runny nose and cough for a few days last week. The patient’s mother endorses decr... | D: Obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary tree |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the clinic for follow-up of his general anxiety disorder. He was diagnosed a year ago for excessive worry and irritability and was subsequently started on paroxetine. He demonstrated great response to therapy but is now complaining of decreased libido, which is affecting his marriage and qu... | B: Buspirone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents with large tense blisters on the flexor surfaces of the upper extremities and trunk. The histologic findings show subepidermal blisters with an eosinophil-rich infiltrate. What is the most likely underlying pathology?? {'A': 'Autoantibodies to desmoglein 1', 'B': 'Autoantibodies to desmogle... | D: Linear band of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the epidermal basement membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A public health campaign increases vaccination rates against human papillomaviruses 16 and 18. Increased vaccination rates would have which of the following effects on the Papanicolaou test?? {'A': 'Increased true negative rate', 'B': 'Decreased true positive rate', 'C': 'Decreased positive predictive value', 'D': 'I... | C: Decreased positive predictive value |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man presents to the emergency department with the complaint of ‘cola-colored’ urine that he noticed this morning. Additionally, he complains of malaise and reports that he has not been able to be productive at work since last week. Lab results revealed a hemoglobin of 6.7 g/dL, leukocyte total count of ... | A: ↑ activation of neutrophil adhesion molecules, ↓ release of neutrophils in the bone marrow, and ↑ destruction of neutrophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a 2-week history of diarrhea. She says that she has also noticed that she is losing weight, which makes her feel anxious since she has relatives who have suffered from anorexia. Finally, she says that she is worried she has a fever because she feels warm... | D: Peroxidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 18 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. Ultrasonography at a previous visit when she was at 12 weeks' gestation showed a hypoplastic nasal bone. Pelvic examination shows a uterus consistent in size with an 18-week gestation. Maternal serum studies sh... | E: Single transverse palmar crease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to his physician for a routine checkup. His doctor asks him if he has had any particular concerns since his last visit and if he has taken any new medications. He says that he has not been ill over the past year, except for one episode of the flu. He has been training excessively for his in... | E: Third heart sound (S3) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset severe pain in the right shoulder that occurred when he threw a bowling ball 2 hours ago. He has a history of dislocations in both shoulders and subluxation of the right knee and left wrist. There is no history of fractures. On physical examinat... | A: Collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents with a complaint of a chronic, dry cough of insidious onset since working with her new primary care physician. She has a longstanding history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. She has a 10 pack-year smoking history, but does not currently smoke. What is the be... | B: Review medication list |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of vomiting, abdominal pain, and blurry vision for the past hour. The parents report that the boy developed these symptoms after he accidentally ingested 2 tablets of his grandfather’s heart failure medication. On physical examination, th... | B: Hyperkalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Eight months ago, he was diagnosed with HIV infection and combined antiretroviral treatment was begun. He feels well. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. Current medications include lamivudine, zidovudine, atazanavir, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaz... | C: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of a cough and hoarseness. He reports that the cough is worse when he lies down after lunch. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F); the remainder of his vital signs are within normal limits. Because the physician has recently been seeing several patien... | E: Availability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the effects of 2 drugs, drug X, and drug Y. He is trying to measure the potential of each drug to achieve a certain response. The graphs in the images show some of his observations. He observes that when drug X acts on its own, it produces a much higher response compared to drug Y. When drug ... | E: Partial agonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency department for nausea and vomiting for the past 2 days. The patient reports that he felt tired and weak for the past week without any obvious precipitating factors. Past medical history is significant for hypertension controlled with hydrochlorothiazide. He denies diarrhea, ch... | B: Chromogranin positive mass in the lung |
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