instruction stringclasses 5
values | input stringlengths 10 4.2k | output stringlengths 1 7.16k |
|---|---|---|
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of headaches and muscle weakness. His physical exam is entirely within normal limits except for a blood pressure of 150/95. Subsequent routine blood lab work showed a sodium level of 146 and potassium level of 3.0. What is the best pharmacologi... | B: Spironolactone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman is hospitalized for chemotherapy following a local recurrence of breast cancer. Because the tumor responded well to the previous chemotherapy regimen, the ordering physician copies and pastes previous recommendations from her electronic health record into the patient’s new orders. Subsequently, th... | C: Making copy and paste material readily identifiable |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents with his mother to the family medicine clinic for an itchy rash on the face that started 3 days ago. The mother states that her son had a fever with a runny nose a little more than a week ago. There has been no sore throat or cough according to the mother. No significant medical conditions a... | A: Parvovirus B19 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old G3P2 is referred to a gynecologist by her physician to follow-up on the results of some screening tests. She has a history of 1 medical abortion and 2 vaginal deliveries. The most recent labo, which occurred at 31 years of age, was induced at 41 weeks gestation with prostaglandin application to the cerv... | D: Cold-knife conization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents with a painless firm mass in the right breast. Examination shows retraction of the nipple and the skin is fixed to the underlying mass. The axillary nodes are palpable. Which of the following statements is true regarding the above condition?? {'A': 'Breast mass will regress after withdrawal... | C: These are positive for estrogen receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe chest pain and a burning sensation. He accidentally drank a cup of fluid at his construction site 2 hours ago. The liquid was later found to contain lye. On physical examination, his blood pressure is 100/57 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 21/min, pulse is... | C: Surgical repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision. On arrival, she is unconscious. Her pulse is 140/min, respirations are 12/min and shallow, and blood pressure is 76/55 mm Hg. 0.9% saline infusion is begun. A focused assessment with son... | B: Transfusion of packed red blood cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing pain and swelling in her right foot for the past 2 weeks. Initially, the pain was intermittent but it is now constant and she describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity. She has not had any trauma to the foot or any previous problems with her joints. The ... | C: Stress fracture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to student health for a cough. The patient states he has paroxysms of coughing followed by gasping for air. The patient is up to date on his vaccinations and is generally healthy. He states he has felt more stressed lately secondary to exams. His temperature is 101.0°F (38.3°C), blood press... | A: Azithromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of frequent respiratory tract infections and chronic diarrhea. His stools are bulky and greasy, and he has around 8 bowel movements daily. He is at the 10th percentile for height and 25th percentile for weight. Chest examination shows intercostal retractions along ... | C: Intracellular retention of misfolded proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for jaundice and weight loss. He is an immigrant from the Dominican Republic and speaks little English. A CT scan is performed showing a large mass at the head of the pancreas. When you enter the room to discuss these results with the patient, his daughter and son ask to ... | C: Explore the reasoning behind the children's request |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with a 3-minute episode of a tonic-clonic seizure. The parents deny any previous history of seizure involving the patient or the family. Physical examination reveals an afebrile, well-groomed, and playful appearance, with normal vital signs. The patient carries a... | C: Prominent intraparenchymal white matter calcification |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician accompanied by her husband after he started noticing strange behavior. He first noticed her talking to herself 8 months ago. For the past 6 months, she has refused to eat any packaged foods out of fear that the government is trying to poison her. She has no significant past ... | C: Dyslipidemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying protein synthesis in human stem cells isolates tRNA molecules bound to mRNA molecules. The isolated tRNA molecules have inosine in the 5' position of the anticodon; of these, some are bound to adenine, some to cytosine, and some to uracil at the 3' position of the mRNA codon. Which of the fol... | C: Degeneracy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man is evaluated in the emergency department for increasing shortness of breath for the last 8 months. He also complains of a dry cough for the last 6 months. Initially, his shortness of breath occurs with exertion, but now he feels it at rest as well. He has no other complaints. He has a sedentary life... | B: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 39-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of fatigue and red-colored urine. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows pallor and jaundice. His platelet count is 90,000/mm3 and creatinine concentration is 1.0 mg/dL. A direct Coombs test is negat... | C: Venous thrombosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife 30 minutes after the sudden onset of severe retrosternal chest pain radiating to his back. He has a history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has smoked one-half pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. Medications incl... | D: Hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department after drinking a bottle of drain cleaner. It is unknown how much the child drank. She has a past medical history of Down syndrome and obesity. The patient's vitals are unremarkable. Physical exam is notable for a child in no acute distress. She is tolerating he... | B: Endoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to the emergency department with chest pain and difficulty breathing for the last 3 hours. He denies cough, nasal discharge or congestion, sneezing, and palpitations. There is no history of recent surgery or hospitalization but he mentions that he was diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder 6... | B: Chlorpromazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of dull pain and stiffness of the right knee. He takes chlorthalidone for hypertension. Physical examination of the right knee shows a large effusion and mild erythema; range of motion is limited by pain. Arthrocentesis of right knee yields a cloudy ... | B: Calcification of the meniscal cartilage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man from India seeks evaluation at a clinic with complaints of sore muscles and lethargy of several days duration. After the physical examination and laboratory testing, the patient is asked to stay for treatment and monitoring. Despite the physician’s warning, the patient leaves the hospital against me... | A: Atovaquone-proguanil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old male is found to have an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) level on screening labwork. PSA may be elevated in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), or prostatitis. Which of the following best describes the physiologic function of PSA?? {'A': 'Sperm production', 'B': 'Liquefaction o... | B: Liquefaction of semen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old African-American woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of worsening fatigue that started 1 year ago. Physical examination shows mild jaundice and splenomegaly. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 10.4 g/dL Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 43% Hb/cell Platelet count 220,000/mm3 Reticu... | C: Replacement of glutamate by lysine in beta-globin chain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old girl with an immunodeficiency syndrome has been hospitalized for 1 month due to a severe pulmonary infection. Her family came to visit her daily in the beginning of her hospital stay; however, since their car broke down they have been unable to visit for the last 2 weeks. While the infection has now bee... | D: The condition is reversible |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of colicky abdominal pain and vomiting for 1 day. He has a history of a sore throat 2 weeks ago. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 100/min, blood pressure is 90/55, and respirations are 28/min. Examination of the lower extremities shows non-blan... | D: Deposition of IgA immune complexes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During the course of investigation of a suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm in a 57-year-old woman, a solid 6 × 5 cm mass is detected in the right kidney. The abdominal aorta reveals no abnormalities. The patient is feeling well and has no history of any serious illness or medication usage. She is a 25-pack-year smok... | C: Nephrectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue, difficulty swallowing, and weight loss. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. He is 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall, and weighs 54 kg (120 lb); BMI is 18 kg/m2. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy shows an exophytic tumor at the g... | E: Decreased REM sleep latency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 5, comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of occasional involuntary urine loss that is exacerbated by coughing, sneezing, and laughing. She has no urgency or dysuria. Physical examination shows normal appearing external genitalia, vagina, and cervix. There is a loss o... | D: Levator ani |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents with progressive lethargy and confusion over the last 5 days. He lives with his parents in a home that was built in the early 1900s. His parents report that "his tummy has been hurting" for the last 3 weeks and that he is constipated. He eats and drinks normally, but occasionally tries thing... | D: Succimer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician with complaints of fever and a skin rash for the past 2 days. The boy was born by normal vaginal delivery at full term, and his neonatal period was uneventful. He has a history of severe pain in his legs and difficulty eating. His temperature is 38.6°C (101.4°F), pulse ... | B: Coxsackievirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought into the emergency department by his wife for slurred speech and right-sided weakness. The patient has a significant past medical history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The wife reports her husband went to bed last night normally but woke up this morning with the symptoms mentioned. ... | C: Dejerine syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room for seizure-like activity. Her husband reports that they were in bed sleeping when his wife began complaining of “hot flashes.” Several minutes later, her right arm began to twitch, and she did not respond to his calls. The whole episode lasted for about 5 minutes.... | B: Weeks 3-8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of progressive shortness of breath and nonproductive cough. Pulmonary examination shows bibasilar inspiratory crackles. An x-ray of the chest shows multiple nodular opacities in the upper lobes and calcified hilar nodules. Pulmonary functions tests ... | B: Crystalline silica |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he was impaled by a metal rod during a work accident. The rod went into his back around the level of T9 but was removed before arrival. He has no past medical history and does not take any medications. On physical examination, he has significant muscle we... | C: Left hemicord |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a mole on her forearm that has increased in size over the last several months. Physical examination shows a 9-mm skin lesion on the right forearm with irregular borders. An excisional biopsy is performed, and genetic analysis shows a mutation in the gene th... | D: Formation of covalent bonds between adjacent pyrimidine bases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl presents with a 4-week history of unrelenting cough, night sweats, and fever. No known past medical history and no current medications. The patient recently immigrated to the country from a rural town in northern India. Vaccination status is unknown. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 11... | C: Pyridoxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory evaluation of admission is significant for serum glucose of 2410 mg/dL, AST of 321 IU/dL, and leukocytes of 21,200 /mL. Within 3 days of admission with supportive care in the intensive care unit, the p... | B: 15% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of recurrent nosebleeds and fatigue for the past 2 months. He also frequently complains his head hurts. The patient has met all motoric milestones for his age but does not like to run because his legs start to hurt if he does. He is at the 40th percentile for both ... | E: Delayed pulse in lower extremities |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A gastroenterology fellow is interested in the relationship between smoking and incidence of Barrett esophagus. At a departmental grand rounds she recently attended, one of the presenters claimed that smokers are only at increased risk for Barrett esophagus in the presence of acid reflux. She decides to design a retr... | C: Confounding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the interaction between a new drug B and an existing drug A. The results are recorded and plotted on the graph shown. Which of the following properties of drug B best explain the observed effect on the dose-response curve of drug A?? {'A': 'Non-competitive antagonist', 'B': 'Competitive an... | B: Competitive antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 38 weeks' gestation comes to the hospital for regular, painful contractions that have been increasing in frequency. Her pregnancy has been complicated by gestational diabetes treated with insulin. Pelvic examination shows the cervix is 50% effaced and 4 cm dilated; the verte... | A: Routine monitoring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-week-old boy is brought for routine examination at his pediatrician’s office. The patient was born at 39 weeks to a 26-year-old G1P1 mother by normal vaginal delivery. External cephalic version was performed successfully at 37 weeks for breech presentation. Pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes that w... | D: Pavlik harness |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for the evaluation of a severe abdominal pain of 5 hours duration. The pain is colicky but is not localized. She also complains of nausea and an episode of vomiting. For the past 2 days, she has been constipated. She has had similar episodes of varying intensit... | C: Porphobilinogen deaminase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well. She has systemic lupus erythematosus and hypertension. She does not drink alcohol. Her current medications include lisinopril and hydroxychloroquine. She appears malnourished. Her vital signs are within normal lim... | C: Tenofovir therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man is brought in by his daughter for forgetfulness. The daughter finds herself repeating things she has already told him. She also reports that the patient recently missed a lunch date they had scheduled. She is worried that he may have Alzheimer's disease because her mother had it, and this is how it ... | D: Normal aging |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4700-g (10.3-lb) male newborn is delivered at 37 weeks' gestation to a 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1. Apgar scores are 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The newborn appears pale. Temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 180/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Examination in the delivery room shows ... | E: Serial abdominal ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl presents for a follow-up visit after recent discharge from the hospital. She was admitted about 4 months ago for symptoms of seizures, altered mental status, and fever. She was diagnosed during that admission with herpes encephalitis and recovered well after being treated with acyclovir. However, at... | D: Amygdala |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman with a recurrent vesicular genital rash comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of a painful, pruritic rash that began on the extremities and has spread to her trunk. Her only medication is acyclovir. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). Examination of the skin shows several reddish-purp... | B: Erythema multiforme |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old male is admitted to the hospital for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. During his hospital course, he develops a fever of 39.0 degrees Celsius. A CBC demonstrates a leukocyte count of <500 /mm^3. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management of this patient?? {'A': 'Granuloc... | B: IV ceftazidime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents with a history of recurrent attacks of unprovoked fear, palpitations, and fainting. The attacks are usually triggered by entering a crowded place or public transport, so the patient tries to avoid being in public places alone. Besides this, she complains of difficulties in falling asleep,... | C: Clonazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two weeks after undergoing low anterior resection for rectal cancer, a 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of swelling in both feet. He has not had any fever, chills, or shortness of breath. His temperature is 36°C (96.8°F) and pulse is 88/min. Physical examination shows a normal thyroid and no jugular ven... | C: Lipid-rich, protein-rich fluid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl presents to the clinic for a general checkup before her last scheduled DTaP vaccination. Her mother is concerned about mild swelling and redness at the site of injection after her daughter’s previous DTaP administration. The patient has mild spastic cerebral palsy. She was diagnosed with epilepsy at... | D: Signs of pneumonia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman whose menses are 2 weeks late, presents to her physician for evaluation. She also complains of fatigue, morning nausea, and mood changes. She is a nulliparous with previously normal menstrual cycles and no known medical conditions. She had an intrauterine device (IUD) placed 6 months ago. The pati... | B: Incomplete Mullerian ducts fusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a two-month history of fatigue and low-grade fevers. Over the past 4 weeks, she has had increasing shortness of breath, a productive cough, and a 5.4-kg (11.9-lb) weight loss. Three months ago, the patient returned from a two-month trip to China. The patient appea... | E: Administer isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old child is brought to the emergency room by his parents in severe pain. They state that he fell on his outstretched right arm while playing with his friends. He is unable to move his right arm which is being supported by his left. On exam, his vitals are normal. His right extremity reveals normal pulses wi... | E: Supracondular humerus fracture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-month-old Caucasian boy is admitted to the pediatric clinic with an 8-month history of diarrhea, abdominal tenderness and concomitant failure to thrive. One of the possibilities that may cause these symptoms is Crohn’s disease, and on the basis of the attending pediatrician’s experience, the pre-test probability... | A: 2.5% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-week-old male infant is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 4-day history of recurrent nonbilious vomiting after feeding. He was born at 36 weeks' gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a 2-cm epigastric mass. Further diagnostic... | D: Elongated and thickened pylorus on abdominal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with pain in her abdomen. She was eating dinner when her symptoms began. Upon presentation, her symptoms have resolved. She has a past medical history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heavy menses, morbid obesity, and constipation. Her current medica... | E: Ursodeoxycholic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. His minute ventilation is calculated to be 7.0 L/min, and his alveolar ventilation is calculated to be 5.1 L/min. Which of the following is most likely to decrease the difference between minute ventilati... | C: Decreasing the physiologic dead space |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents to a physician with a cough and difficulty breathing during the last 7 years. He has smoked since his teenage years and regularly inhales tiotropium, formoterol, and budesonide and takes oral theophylline. The number of exacerbations has been increasing over the last 6 months. His temperatu... | E: Supplemental oxygen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a recent history of easy bleeding. He experienced multiple episodes of epistaxis and bleeding gums over the past two days. He also had flu-like symptoms a week ago which resolved over the past few days. His past medical history is notable for well-controlled... | A: von Willebrand factor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 4-day history of severe, left-sided ear pain and purulent discharge from his left ear. One week ago, he returned with his family from their annual summer vacation at a lakeside cabin, where he spent most of the time outdoors hiking and swimming. Ex... | E: Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man with a past medical history of hypertension on amlodipine presents to your office to discuss ways to lessen his risk of complications from heart disease. After a long discussion, he decides to significantly decrease his intake of trans fats in an attempt to lower his risk of coronary artery disease.... | A: Primary prevention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the surgery clinic with an ulcer on his left heel, which he first noticed a week ago. He was surprised by the large size of the ulcer since because he had never noticed it before, and it was asymptomatic. The man also noticed fluid oozing out of the ulcer, which he has been wiping off wi... | A: A greater volume of granulation tissue is formed during healing by secondary intention, which results in a larger scar followed by wound contraction. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of progressive shortness of breath and exercise intolerance for the past 5 days. He denies recent travel or illicit habits. His temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), the blood pressure is 88/57 mm Hg, and the pulse is 102/min. The radial puls... | C: Pericardial drainage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents with a 2-hour history of sudden onset of severe mid-epigastric pain. The pain radiates to the back, and is not relieved by over-the-counter antacids. The patient also complains of profuse vomiting. The patient’s medical history is negative for similar symptoms. She consumes 3–4 alcoholic ... | B: Fat necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of fatigue. During this period, she has had fever, pain in both shoulders and her hips, and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. She also reports feeling stiff for about an hour after waking up. She has a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. ... | B: Low-dose of oral prednisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and depression is brought to the emergency department because of increasing confusion and fever over the past 14 hours. Four days ago, he was prescribed metoclopramide by his physician for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. His other medications inclu... | C: Fluphenazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for complaints of insomnia. She states that for the last 8 months, she has had difficultly falling asleep. Additionally, she awakens in the middle of the night or early morning and cannot fall back to sleep. When further questioned, she reports decreased appe... | B: Continue current medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The lac operon allows E. coli to effectively utilize lactose when it is available, and not to produce unnecessary proteins. Which of the following genes is constitutively expressed and results in the repression of the lac operon?? {'A': 'LacI', 'B': 'LacZ', 'C': 'LacY', 'D': 'LacA', 'E': 'CAP'}, | A: LacI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old female presents to her primary care physician for an annual checkup. She states that her health is adequate, but she has not been doing well since her husband died last year. She is able to get by but admits to having trouble caring for herself, cooking, cleaning, and paying her bills. The patient compl... | C: Osteomalacia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is referred to a gynecologist for amenorrhea. Her mother is also concerned that she hasn't grown any hair "in her private parts." The patient states that she is getting used to high school and wants to join the volleyball team but complains that her weakness and headaches limit her physical activit... | D: 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man who is a chronic smoker comes to the hospital with the chief complaint of shortness of breath which has worsened over the past 2 days. He also has a productive cough with yellowish sputum. There is no history of hemoptysis, chest pain, fever, palpitations, or leg swelling. He had a viral illness one... | C: Increase Reid index |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of progressive fatigue and abdominal pain. Physical examination shows pale mucous membranes and splenomegaly. Hemoglobin concentration is 9.1 g/dL and leukocyte count is 3,400/mm3. Peripheral blood smear shows nucleated red blood cells and teardrop... | C: Fibrosis in the bone marrow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with a productive cough and fever. A chest radiograph is obtained and shows a lobar consolidation. The patient is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of a penicillin and cephalosporin allergy. The attending physician orders IV levofloxacin as empiric therapy. On mo... | C: Discuss the error that occurred with the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician with 2 days of fever and abdominal pain. She has also been crying and complaining of pain while urinating. She was born at term without incident and was previously healthy at regular checkups. On presentation, her temperature is 102.2°F (39°C), blood pressure is 137/85... | B: Aniridia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding. She reports that she has had heavy, irregular periods for the past 6 months. Her periods, which normally occur every 28 days, are sometimes now only 2-3 weeks apart, last 7-10 days, and has spotting in between menses. Additionally, her breasts feel enlarged... | D: Estrogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is admitted directly from the clinic for a serum glucose of 980 mg/dL. He has had type 2 diabetes for 16 years, for which he was prescribed metformin and glimepiride; however, he reports not having followed his prescription due to its high cost. For the past 12 days, he has had excess urination, and... | B: Adding potassium to the intravenous fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the hospital by his daughter with complaints of wide-based gait. His daughter reveals that he was sitting silently in the examination chair with a blank face. In addition, he was frequently talking to the empty chairs and told that his friends are sitting there. He has been forgetting ... | D: Cortical lewy bodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old Caucasian male presents to the emergency department with a persistent penile erection for the last 6 hours. He recently began outpatient treatment for depression with associated insomnia. He traveled to Mexico 5 months ago. His medical history is otherwise unremarkable. Which of the following is the mos... | C: Depression treatment with trazodone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of right hip pain that started that afternoon. His mother reports that he has also been limping since the pain developed. He says that the pain worsens when he moves or walks. He participated in a dance recital yesterday, but his mother believes that he was not inj... | B: Transient synovitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old gravida 1 at 36 weeks gestation is brought to the emergency department by her husband complaining of contractions lasting up to 2 minutes. The contractions are mostly in the front of her abdomen and do not radiate. The frequency and intensity of contractions have not changed since the onset. The patient... | C: Reassurance, hydration, and ambulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after falling from his bike. He is holding his right arm tenderly and complains of pain in his right wrist. When asked, he says that he fell after his front tire hit a rock and landed hard on his right hand. Upon physical examination he is found to have tendernes... | A: Scaphoid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a headache, fever, and facial pain that started 10 days ago. The symptoms initially improved but have gotten significantly worse over the past 2 days. Immunizations are up-to-date. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F). Physical ex... | C: Causal pathogen is unencapsulated |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man is diagnosed with right lower lobe pneumonia and has been admitted to a tertiary care hospital. His laboratory investigations suggest that he acquired an infection from the hospital where he underwent an elective abdominal surgery 3 weeks ago. His past medical records reveal a history of deep vein t... | D: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of chest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man with HIV infection comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of progressive diarrhea and a 3-kg (6.6-lb) weight loss. During this period, he has had 3–4 episodes of watery stools daily, with multiple instances of blood in the stool. He is currently receiving antiretroviral therapy with zido... | D: Pancytopenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old patient comes to the physician because of progressive pain and swelling of his left calf for the past 2 days. He has no personal or family history of serious illness. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His last digital rectal examination and colonoscopy at the age of 50 years were normal. His vital sig... | C: X-ray of the chest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three hours after delivery, a 1800-g (3-lb 15-oz) male newborn develops respiratory distress. He was born at 31 weeks' gestation to a 27-year-old primigravid woman. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4F), pulse is 140/min, respirations are 69/min, and blood pressure is 60/30 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxyg... | A: Surfactant deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old diabetic woman comes to the emergency department due to right flank pain for 10 days. Her right flank pain is radiating towards her groin and is associated with fever and chills. The pain is exacerbated with hip extension. She feels fatigued and is lying on her left side with her right hip flexed. The C... | B: Diapedesis of neutrophils and chemotactic agents |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of worsening epigastric pain that improves with meals. She has had similar pain of lesser intensity for the past 4 years. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Upper endoscopy shows a 0.5-cm mucosal breach in the anterior duodenal bulb that... | A: Perforation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old infant is brought to the E.R. by his parents. They state that the child has not had a bowel movement in several days and they are having trouble feeding the child. The physician examines the child and notices that the child appears less active and slightly hypotonic. Which of the following is most likel... | B: Recent consumption of honey |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents with lower back pain that started a couple of weeks ago and is gradually increasing in severity. At present, he rates the intensity of the pain as 6/10. There is no radiation or associated paresthesias. There is no history of trauma. Past medical history is significant for aggressive squamo... | C: Hematogenous spread |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of researchers is trying to create a new drug that more effectively decreases systolic blood pressure levels, and it has entered the clinical trial period of their drug's development. If, during their trial, the scientists wanted to examine a mutual or linear relationship between 2 continuous variables, which... | B: Correlation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old immigrant from Bangladesh is evaluated by a primary care physician as a new patient. He immigrated from Bangladesh to the United States 1 month ago and lives with his extended family. He worked in a clothing factory in Bangladesh and has not been seen by a doctor in over 10 years. He reports that he has... | D: Increased production of mycobacterial enzymes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the electrophysical properties of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells using microelectrodes. He measures the resting membrane potential of a cell to be -70 mV. The equilibrium potentials of different ions involved in generating the membrane potential are shown. ENa+ +65 mV EK -85 mV ECa2+... | E: Influx of Na+ ions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents with fatigue, difficulty swallowing solid foods, and frequent choking spells. She says her symptoms gradually onset 3 months ago and have progressively worsened. Past medical history is unremarkable. She reports drinking alcohol occasionally but denies smoking or illicit drug use. Her vit... | D: Plummer-Vinson syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man is referred for thyroidectomy for treatment of thyroid nodules. A portion of the thyroid gland is resected, and the neck is closed with sutures. After awakening from anesthesia, the patient complains of ‘hoarseness’. His vital signs are normal and his incisional pain is minimal. The surgeon realizes... | E: "We made a mistake during the operation that may have harmed you." |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man presents with right-sided weakness. The patient says that symptoms acutely onset an hour ago while watching television at home. Past medical history is significant for poorly controlled hypertension and 2 myocardial infarctions in the last 2 years. His blood pressure is 140/100 mm Hg, the respirator... | D: Amyloid angiopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a lump in the right breast that she first noticed a week ago. Biopsy of the mass confirms a diagnosis of a pleomorphic lobular carcinoma-in-situ that is estrogen receptor-positive. The patient undergoes lumpectomy, and treatment with tamoxifen is initiated.... | A: Endometrial cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 20-year-old male college student attempts to climb Mount Everest and travels to the Tibetan plateau by plane. Upon landing, he feels increasingly dizzy and fatigued. He notices that he is breathing faster than usual. What is the initial stimulus for the most likely acid-base disorder?? {'A': 'Hypoxic pulmon... | B: Decreased partial pressure of alveolar oxygen |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.