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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl presents to the pediatrician for behavior issues. The girl has been having difficulty in school as a result. Every time the girl enters her classroom, she feels the urge to touch every wall before heading to her seat. When asked why she does this, she responds, "I'm not really sure. I just can't st... | B: Cognitive behavioral therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An orthopaedic surgeon at a local community hospital has noticed that turnover times in the operating room have been unnecessarily long. She believes that the long wait times may be due to inefficient communication between the surgical nursing staff, the staff in the pre-operative area, and the staff in the post-oper... | C: Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis is brought to the physician by his wife for a 1-week history of progressive abdominal distension and yellowing of the eyes. For the past month, he has been irritable, had difficulty falling asleep, become clumsy, and fallen frequently. Two months ago he underwen... | B: Palmar erythema and gynecomastia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents with complaints of a sharp, stabbing pain in her chest upon coughing and inhalation. She says that the pain started acutely 2 days ago and has progressively worsened. Her past medical history is significant for a rash on her face, joint pains, and fatigue for the past few weeks. The patie... | E: Breakthrough pain that improves with leaning forward |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of changes in his vision. He says that he has been having transient episodes of "shimmering lights" and generalized blurring of his vision for the past 3 months. He is disturbed by this development as he worries it may interfere with his job as a bus... | A: Decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30 minutes after her neighbor found her unconscious on a running trail. Her neighbor reports that she has been training for a marathon since the beginning of the summer. She is alert and oriented but becomes irritable when realizing that she is a... | E: Anorexia nervosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old G1P0 woman who is 10 weeks pregnant presents for her first prenatal visit. She reports nausea with occasional vomiting but denies bleeding, urinary symptoms, or abdominal pain. She just graduated high school and works at the local grocery store. She does not take any medications and has no known drug a... | B: Nitrofurantoin for seven days |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:2 hours after being admitted to the hospital because of a fracture of the right ankle, a 75-year-old man continues to complain of pain despite treatment with acetaminophen and ibuprofen. He has a history of dementia and cannot recall his medical history. The presence of which of the following features would most like... | C: Biliary tract dysfunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An immunology expert is explaining the functions of macrophages to biology students. He describes a hypothetical case scenario as follows: a potentially harmful gram-negative bacillus encounters a macrophage in the tissues. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) on the macrophage recognizes the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LP... | E: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation currently on warfarin presents to the emergency department for acute onset dizziness. She was watching TV in the living room when she suddenly felt the room spin around her as she was getting up to go to the bathroom. She denies any fever, weight ... | A: Decreased gag reflex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and decreased urine output for 1 week. He takes ibuprofen as needed for lower back pain and docusate for constipation. Physical examination shows tenderness to palpation over the lumbar spine. There is pedal edema. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concen... | B: Immunoglobulin light chains |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old Caucasian male presents with his mother to the pediatrician’s office complaining of right thigh pain. He reports that he has noticed slowly progressive pain and swelling over the distal aspect of his right thigh over the past two months. He denies any recent trauma to the area and his temperature is 100... | B: t(11;22) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old, G3P2012 woman comes to the clinic complaining of painful menstruation for the past 4 months. She is also using more tampons compared to prior periods. She is concerned as her close friend was just diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Prior to these symptoms, her menstrual cycle was regular (every 28 days... | D: Invasion of endometrial glands into the myometrium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying a new antituberculosis drug. In the laboratory, the drug has been shown to be effective against mycobacteria located within phagolysosomes of macrophages, but it is also significantly less effective against extracellular tuberculoid bacteria. The characteristics of this drug are most similar ... | D: Pyrazinamide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A cohort study was conducted to investigate the impact of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on asthma symptoms in a group of firefighters who worked at Ground Zero during the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and developed asthma in the attack's aftermath. The study compared patients who had P... | D: 0.50 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of palpitations that occur on minimal exertion and sometimes at rest. She has no chest discomfort or shortness of breath. She feels nervous and irritable most of the time and attributes these feelings to her boyfriend leaving h... | D: Exogenous hyperthyroidism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of two masses on her right auricle for several months. The masses appeared a few weeks after she had her ear pierced and have increased in size since then. A photograph of her right ear is shown. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these finding... | B: Increased production of hyalinized collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man presents to the clinic for evaluation of a chronic cough that has increased in frequency and severity for the past 2 days. His cough began 2 weeks ago but was not as bothersome as now. He states that he can hardly get to sleep because he is coughing all the time. Upon further questioning, he says th... | C: Azithromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy, 16-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with persistent bleeding from his gums after an elective removal of an impacted tooth. Multiple gauze packs were applied with minimal effect. He has a history of easy bruising. His family history is unremarkable except for a maternal uncle w... | C: Hemophilia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman presents with progressive difficulty swallowing solid foods for the past 2 months. She also says her voice has gradually changed, and she has had recent episodes of vertigo associated with nausea and vomiting and oscillating eye movements while reading. She denies any problems with the movement of... | E: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman presents to urgent care with complaints of a new rash. On review of systems, she endorses ankle pain bilaterally. Otherwise, she has no additional localized complaints. Physical examination reveals numerous red subcutaneous nodules overlying her shins, bilaterally. Complete blood count shows leuko... | B: Sarcoidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of a seizure. He was delivered at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. He is currently at the 10th percentile for height, 5th percentile for weight, and 15th percentile for head circumference. Examination shows muscle hypotonia. His serum lactic acid and alanine... | B: Valine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents with fatigue. She says her symptoms are present throughout the day and gradually started 4 months ago. Her past medical history is significant for rheumatoid arthritis–treated with methotrexate, and diabetes mellitus type 2–treated with metformin. The patient is afebrile, and her vital si... | D: Serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with shortness of breath. He states that he had a “cold” 2 weeks ago and since then has had a persistent cough and worsening shortness of breath. He denies fever, chills, chest pain, sore throat, or rhinorrhea. His medical history is significant for seasonal al... | D: Liver biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department due to worsening lethargy. She lives with her husband who says she has had severe diarrhea for the past few days. Examination shows a blood pressure of 85/60 mm Hg, pulse of 100/min, and temperature of 37.8°C (100.0°F). The patient is stuporous, while her ski... | D: Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year old man comes to the physician because of fatigue over the past 6 months. He has been to the emergency room several times over the past 3 years for recurrent shoulder and patella dislocations. Physical examination shows abnormal joint hypermobility and skin hyperextensibility. A high-frequency mid-systolic ... | B: Abrupt standing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female presents to her obstetrician because she has stopped getting her period, after being irregular for the last 3 months. Upon further questioning, the patient reveals that she has had a 17 lb. unintended weight loss, endorses chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and constipation that waxes and wanes. F... | E: Villous atrophy with crypt lengthening and intraepithelial lymphocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of fatigue and nausea. She was recently diagnosed with metastatic ovarian cancer and subsequently started treatment with an alkylating agent. The patient reports recent weight loss, malaise, and drowsiness, but denies fever, headaches, palpitations, shortness of ... | B: Granular casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of undulating, dull pain in his right thigh. Physical examination shows a tender, round mass located above the right knee on the anterior aspect of the thigh. An x-ray of the right thigh shows sunburst pattern of osteolytic bone lesions in combinat... | A: Paget disease of bone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of intermittent episodes of inconsolable crying for 4 hours. The parents report that the patient does not appear to be in discomfort between episodes, and moves and plays normally. The episodes have occurred at roughly 15-minute intervals and have eac... | E: Air enema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with right hand pain and numbness. She was jogging around her neighborhood when she tripped and fell on her outstretched hand 3 hours prior to presentation. She reports severe wrist pain and numbness along the medial aspect of her hand. Her past medical history is no... | B: Distal ulnar nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old African-American woman presents to the office complaining of difficulty swallowing for 1 week, and described it as "food getting stuck in her throat". Her discomfort is mainly for solid foods, and she does not have any problem with liquids. She further adds that she has frequent heartburn and lost 5 pou... | C: Scleroderma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of fatigue and bruises on her elbows. Examination shows a soft, nontender abdomen with no organomegaly. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 7 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 2,000/mm3, a platelet count of 40,000/mm3, and a reticulocyt... | C: Hyperplasia of adipocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man has a history of smoking 1 pack per day and drinking a six-pack of beer daily over the last ten years. He is admitted to the medical floor after undergoing a cholecystectomy. One day after the surgery, the patient states that he feels anxious and that his hands are shaking. While being checked for a... | B: Lorazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well. He has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, bipolar disorder, and osteoarthritis of the knees. Current medications include lisinopril, amiodarone, lamotrigine, and acetaminophen. He started amiodarone 6 mo... | A: Discontinue amiodarone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 5-day history of nausea and vomiting. There is no associated fever, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, or dysuria. She is sexually active and uses condoms inconsistently. Her last menstrual period was 10 weeks ago. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F... | B: Maintenance of the corpus luteum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old male medical student presents to student health with a chief complaint of picking at his skin. He states that at times he has urges to pick his skin that he struggles to suppress. Typically, he will participate in the act during finals or when he has "too many assignments to do." The patient states that... | B: Fluoxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old female presents to the clinic with excessive anxiety and palpitations for a month. She also mentions losing of 2.72 kg (6 lb) of her weight over the last month. Her past medical history is insignificant. She does not smoke nor does she drink alcohol. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 81/min, re... | B: Thyroid stimulating antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a history of a fever that "won't break." She has taken acetaminophen without relief. Upon obtaining a past medical history you learn that the patient is a prostitute who is homeless with a significant history of intravenous drug use and alcohol abuse. The ... | A: Antibiotic therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2720-g (6-lb) female newborn is delivered at term to a 39-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2. Apgar scores are 6 and 7 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Examination in the delivery room shows micrognathia, prominent occiput with flattened nasal bridge, and pointy low-set ears. The eyes are upward slanting with small... | E: Trisomy of chromosome 18 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 20 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal care visit. She used fertility enhancing treatment for her current pregnancy. Her other children were born before 37 weeks' gestation. She is 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall and weighs 82 kg (180 lb); BMI is 28.4 kg/m2. Her v... | E: Cervical insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy with a history of attention deficit disorder presents to a general medicine clinic with leg pain. He is accompanied by his mother. He reports dull, throbbing, diffuse pain in his bilateral lower extremities. He reports that the pain feels deep in his muscles. He has awakened several times at night ... | E: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a general check up. She has not seen a primary care physician for the past 20 years but states she has been healthy during this time frame. She had breast implants placed when she was 29 years old but otherwise has not had any surgeries. She is concerned ... | C: No intervention indicated at this time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man with post-traumatic stress disorder is admitted to the hospital following an intentional opioid overdose. He is a soldier who returned from a deployment in Afghanistan 3 months ago. He is divorced and lives alone. His mother died by suicide when he was 8 years of age. He states that he intended to e... | C: Attempted drug overdose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has had constipation for the last several weeks. He has also been feeling lethargic and complains that this winter has been particularly cold. He also complains that he has been gaining weight despite no change in his normal activities. He reveals th... | D: Granulomatous inflammation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with recurring muscle cramps that have lasted for the last 2 weeks. She mentions that she commonly has these in her legs and back. She also has a constant tingling sensation around her mouth. On physical examination, her vital signs are stable. The Trousseau ... | C: Reduction of afterhyperpolarization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with increasing crampy abdominal pain and swelling over the past 2 days. He has not passed stool or flatus for over 12 hours. He has vomited twice. He has noted a lower stool caliber over the past month. His past medical history is unremarkable except for an ap... | E: Sigmoid tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because he has a limp for 3 weeks. He was born at term and has been healthy since. His immunization are up-to-date; he received his 5th DTaP vaccine one month ago. He is at 50th percentile for height and weight. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 80/min and respira... | E: Damage to the right superior gluteal nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man with gastroesophageal reflux disease comes to the physician because of severe burning chest pain and belching after meals. He has limited his caffeine intake and has been avoiding food close to bedtime. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows erythema and erosions in the distal esophagus. Which of the foll... | E: Inhibition of ATPase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 87-year-old male nursing home resident is currently undergoing antibiotic therapy for the treatment of a decubitus ulcer. One week into the treatment course, he experiences several episodes of watery diarrhea. Subsequent sigmoidoscopy demonstrates the presence of diffuse yellow plaques on the mucosa of the sigmoid... | C: Oral metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of moderate abdominal pain that is unresponsive to medication. She has a history of two spontaneous abortions at 11 and 12 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen shows normal liver parenchyma, a dilated portal vein, and splenic e... | E: Thrombocytopenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man and his wife were referred to a genetic counselor. They are concerned about the chance that their children are likely to inherit certain conditions that run in their families. The wife’s father and grandfather are both healthy, but her grandfather can not see the color red. The husband is unaware if... | E: Hemizygous; full penetrance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after falling in the shower 2 days ago. At that time, she was complaining of severe back pain that she treated with over the counter acetaminophen. Since the fall, she has had increasing stomach pain and difficulty walking. She has not urinated or had a bowel m... | D: Increased deep tendon reflexes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea for 6 days. Her mother says that over the last 24 hours she has developed a rash and has been urinating less frequently than usual. One month ago, she had a 3-day episode of high fever and sore throat that subsi... | E: Hemodialysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police for aggressive behavior. The patient is combative and shouts sexually aggressive remarks at the nursing staff. While obtaining the patient’s vitals, it is noted that he has markedly dilated pupils. His temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), pulse is 112/min,... | D: Psychotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend 10 minutes after ingesting at least 15 acetaminophen tablets. She has been admitted to the hospital several times in the past few months after attempted self-harm. She claims that her boyfriend is “extremely selfish” and “does not care for he... | D: Borderline personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravid woman at 36 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of worsening pelvic pain for 2 hours. Three days ago, she had a burning sensation with urination that resolved spontaneously. She has nausea and has vomited fluid twice on her way to the hospital. She appears ill. Her tem... | D: Administer intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin and induce labor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman with history of systemic sclerosis presents with new onset dyspnea, which is worsened with moderate exertion. She also complains of chest pain. An ECG was obtained, and showed right-axis deviation. Chest x-ray showed right ventricle hypertrophy. Given the patient's history and presentation, right ... | A: Endothelin receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to his primary care provider for evaluation of nocturnal cough and dyspnea. He has been a smoker for the past 15 years with a 7.5-pack-year smoking history. He has no significant medical history and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 118/76 mm Hg, the heart rate is 84/min, the resp... | B: Atopic asthma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man, with a history of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) diagnosed 2 years ago, presents with hearing loss in the right ear and tinnitus. Patient says that symptoms have been gradually progressive. He has difficulty hearing speech as well as loud sounds. He also gives a history of occasional headaches and ... | C: Schwannoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year old G1P0 mother with no prenatal screening arrives to the hospital in labor and has an uneventful delivery. The infant is full term and has no significant findings on physical exam. Shortly after birth, an ophthalmic ointment is applied to the newborn in order to provide prophylaxis against infection. Which... | E: Methylation of 23S rRNA-binding site |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother 30 minutes after having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. He was born at home and has not attended any well-child visits. He is not yet able to walk and does not use recognizable words. His paternal uncle has a severe intellectual disability and ... | D: Tyrosine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old G3P0 woman who is 28 weeks pregnant presents for a prenatal care visit. She reports occasionally feeling her baby move but has not kept count over the past couple weeks. She denies any bleeding, loss of fluid, or contractions. Her previous pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortions at 12 and 14 weeks... | E: Induction of labor now |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:On the 3rd day post-anteroseptal myocardial infarction (MI), a 55-year-old man who was admitted to the intensive care unit is undergoing an examination by his physician. The patient complains of new-onset precordial pain which radiates to the trapezius ridge. The nurse informs the physician that his temperature was 3... | A: Aspirin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after his daughter found him unresponsive. Despite appropriate care, the patient dies. At autopsy, examination of the lungs shows enlargement of the airspaces in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. Destruction of ... | B: Type I pneumocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman is supposed to undergo tooth extraction surgery. Physical examination is unremarkable, and she has a blood pressure of 126/84 mm Hg and regular pulse of 72/min. She takes no medications. Which of the following cardiac conditions would warrant antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditi... | D: Past history of infective endocarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the physician with 2 days of profuse, watery diarrhea. He denies seeing blood or mucus in the stools. On further questioning, he reveals that he eats a well-balanced diet and generally prepares his meals at home. He remembers having some shellfish from a street vendor 3 days ago. He take... | A: ADP-ribosylation of Gs protein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A medical student is spending his research year studying the physiology of cholesterol transport within the body. Specifically, he wants to examine how high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are able to give other lipoproteins the ability to hydrolyse triglycerides into free fatty acids. He labels all the proteins ... | C: ApoC-II |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient is hospitalized for pneumonia. Gram-positive cocci in clusters are seen on sputum gram stain. Which of the following clinical scenarios is most commonly associated with this form of pneumonia?? {'A': 'Elderly patient who has trouble swallowing and poor dentition', 'B': 'HIV positive adult with a CD4 count l... | D: Hospitalized adult with development of pneumonia symptoms 2 weeks following a viral illness |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after he was involved in a motorcycle collision. He was not wearing a helmet. Physical examination shows left periorbital ecchymosis. A CT scan of the head shows a fracture of the greater wing of the left sphenoid bone with compression of the left su... | D: Absent left corneal reflex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents with difficulty in speaking and swallowing for the past 2 weeks. She has difficulty in swallowing solid food but not liquids. She also complains of blurry vision. No significant past medical history. The patient is afebrile and vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination is... | D: Double-positive for CD4 and CD8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher wants to study how smoking electronic cigarettes affects the risk of developing lung cancer. She decides to perform a cohort study and consults a medical statistician in order to discuss how the study should be designed. After looking at the data she has available, she concludes that she will perform a r... | A: Subjects who smoke electronic cigarettes and subjects who do not smoke |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of vaginal bleeding for 2 to 5 days every 2 to 3 weeks. The flow is heavy with passage of clots. Menarche occurred at the age of 10 years, and menses previously occurred at regular 28- to 32- day intervals and lasted for 5 days with normal flow. ... | B: Endometrial biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man is brought by ambulance to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He was the front seat driver in a head on collision. He is currently unconscious. The patient’s past medical history is only notable for an allergy to amoxicillin as he developed a rash when it was given for a recent... | C: Laceration of the spleen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old male presents to the office for diabetes follow-up. He is currently controlling his diabetes through lifestyle modification only. He monitors his blood glucose at home with a glucometer. He gives the doctor a list of his most recent early morning fasting glucose readings from the past 8 days, which are ... | C: 129 mg/dL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman presents to her local clinic in rural eastern India complaining of neck pain and fever. She reports a 4 day history of severe neck pain, neck stiffness, mild diarrhea, and fever. She has not taken her temperature. She works as a laborer and frequently carries heavy weights on her back. She is pres... | E: 50S ribosomal subunit inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought by her mother to the pediatrician for neck drainage. The mother reports that the child has always had a small pinpoint opening on the front of her neck, though the opening has never been symptomatic. The child developed a minor cold approximately 10 days ago which resolved after a week. H... | E: Epithelial tonsillar lining |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:On physical examination and imaging, a 3-year-old male shows evidence of multiple healed fractures and bruising. On eye exam, the child's irises appear blue, and results of a fundoscopic exam are shown in Image A. What is the most appropriate next step in the care of this patient?? {'A': 'Intravenous vitamin C', 'B':... | C: Call child protective services |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents with odorless vaginal discharge, irritation, and itching. She developed these symptoms about a week ago, which was 5 days after she had finished treatment with ceftriaxone for otitis media. She has a single sexual partner and uses oral contraceptives. She is allergic to macrolides, azoles... | B: 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She has gastroesophageal reflux disease. She recently moved to a new city. Her father was diagnosed with colon cancer at age 46. Her father's brother died because of small bowel cancer. Her paternal grandfather died because of st... | A: Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of progressive left flank pain over the past 2 weeks. She has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Her temperature is 38°C (100.4°F). There is tenderness to percussion along the left flank. Passive extension of the left hip is painful. Her leukocyte count is 16,000... | C: Psoas major muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of worsening fatigue, loss of appetite, itching of the skin, and progressive leg swelling. Although she has been drinking 2–3 L of water daily, she has been passing only small amounts of urine. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney dis... | D: Living donor kidney transplant |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research team is studying certain congenital anomalies of the respiratory tract. The method consists of marking a certain germinal layer with an isotope, following its development stages in chicken embryos, and finally analyzing the specimen. A given specimen of tissue is presented in the exhibit. Which of the foll... | A: Endoderm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to his primary care provider with the complaint of daytime fatigue. He often has a headache that is worse in the morning and feels tired when he awakes. He perpetually feels fatigued even when he sleeps in. The patient lives alone, drinks 2-3 beers daily, drinks coffee regularly, and has a ... | E: Weight loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man comes to the physician because of painful, firm, dark bumps on his neck and jawline. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. His brother had a similar rash that improved with topical erythromycin therapy. A photograph of the rash is shown. Which of the following is the most li... | D: Interfollicular penetration of the skin by distal end of hair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pain and weakness in her right forearm and hand for several months. Two years ago, she sustained a fracture of her ulnar shaft with dislocation of the radial head that was treated surgically. Physical examination shows mild tenderness a few centimeters distal to t... | D: Posterior interosseous nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man is admitted to the medical ward after he developed a fungal infection. He has aplastic anemia. The most recent absolute neutrophil count was 450/µL. An anti-fungal agent is administered that inhibits the fungal enzyme, (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase, and thereby disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell ... | B: Candidemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old Asian woman presents with painless vaginal bleeding late in the first trimester of her pregnancy. She has had no prenatal care up to this point. Serum HCG levels are elevated much more than expected. You obtain an abdominal ultrasound, and observed the findings in figure A. Which of the following is the... | C: 46XX |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of fever and a sore throat for 5 days. He receives oral penicillin from his primary doctor. After a day of antibiotic treatment, he developed gross hematuria. As a child, he recalls having multiple episodes of hematuria. The vital signs are within normal limits. On ph... | B: Berger’s disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman presents with palpitations, tremors, and anxiety. She says these symptoms have been present ever since a recent change in her diabetic medication. The most recent time she felt these symptoms, her blood glucose level was 65 mg/dL, and she felt better after eating a cookie. Which of the following i... | D: Blocking of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old male presents to the ED with a stab wound to the right neck. The patient is alert and responsive, and vital signs are stable. Which of the following neurologic findings would most likely support the diagnosis of right-sided spinal cord hemisection?? {'A': 'Right-sided tactile, vibration, and propriocept... | A: Right-sided tactile, vibration, and proprioception loss; left-sided pain and temperature sensation loss; right-sided paresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl presents with a 3-week history of cough. Her mother reports that initially, she had a runny nose and was tired, with a slight cough, but as the runny nose resolved, the cough seemed to get worse. She further states that the cough is dry sounding and occurs during the day and night. She describes hav... | A: Her 3-month-old brother should be treated with azithromycin as prophylaxis. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman comes to the emergency room with a 4-day history of fever and worsening cough. She describes bringing up a purulent, yellow sputum when she coughs. The patient has a history of cystic fibrosis and works as an elementary school teacher. The patient’s temperature is 102.3°F (39.1°C), blood pressure ... | C: Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a recurrent rash. He has multiple skin lesions on his legs, buttocks, and around his mouth. The rash first appeared a year ago and tends to resolve spontaneously in one location before reappearing in another location a few days later. It begins with painless,... | C: Increased fasting serum glucagon level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old male is brought to the Emergency Department by his mother. She is worried because his face has become puffy and his urine has turned a tea-color. Patient history reveals the child recently suffered from a sore throat. The physician suspects a bacterial infection. Which of the following describes the lik... | C: Beta-hemolytic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents with gradual abdominal distension that has progressively increased over the past 3 months. The physical examination showed shifting dullness. A paracentesis showed malignant cells. An ultrasound shows an adnexal mass. Which is the most likely cause of this condition?? {'A': 'Endometrioma'... | B: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He was the unrestrained driver in a head on collision. The patient is responding incoherently and is complaining of being in pain. He has several large lacerations and has been impaled with a piece of metal. IV access is unable t... | C: Obtain intraosseus access |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of the stiffening of her body and unresponsiveness that occurred 1 hour ago. Her symptoms lasted < 10 minutes. She has had coryza for 24 hours without any fever. She had an episode of a febrile generalized tonic-clonic seizure 6 months ago. Her past ... | B: Focal seizure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of a 6-month history of an episodic dry cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. She has seasonal allergic rhinitis. Physical examination shows high-pitched expiratory wheezes throughout both lung fields. Pulmonary function testing shows an ... | E: Budesonide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of low-grade intermittent fever, dyspnea, and chest pain that worsens on deep inspiration. Over the past 4 weeks, she has had pain in her wrists and the fingers of both hands. During this period, she has also had difficulties working on her compute... | D: Increased titer of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies |
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