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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents with pain and a limited range of motion in his right shoulder. He is a collegiate baseball player and says he has not been playing for approx. 1 week because his shoulder hurts when he throws. He also noticed trouble raising his arm over his head. He describes the pain as moderate, dull, an... | C: NSAIDs and conservative measures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with testicular pain. His symptoms started 15 minutes ago and have not improved on the ride to the hospital. The patient’s past medical history is non-contributory, and he is not currently taking any medications. His temperature is 98.5°F (36.9°C), blood pressure... | A: Bilateral surgical procedure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman visits the clinic with a complaint of new-onset episodic abnormal body movements. She says her husband noticed it twice in the past week. There were jerky movements for roughly 15 seconds during her last episode. She denies any recent trauma or fever. Her vital signs include: blood pressure 114/74... | C: Astrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is investigating the blood supply of the adrenal gland. While performing an autopsy on a patient who died from unrelated causes, he identifies a vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the inferior aspect of the right adrenal gland. Which of the following vessels most likely gave rise to the vessel in q... | A: Renal artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old female with a history of lung adenocarcinoma status post lobectomy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy presents to clinic complaining of hearing loss. Over the last week, she has noticed that she has had difficulty hearing the telephone or the telev... | E: Furosemide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is brought to your medical office by his daughter, who noticed that he has had a progressive increase in breast size over the past 6 months. The patient does not complain of anything else except easy fatigability and weakness. His daughter adds that he does not have a good appetite as in the past. H... | A: Cirrhosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old G1P0010 presents to the clinic with nausea and vomiting 8 weeks after a spontaneous abortion at 10 weeks gestation. She admits to heavy drinking (7–8 glasses of wine per day) for the last 20 years; however, after the pregnancy loss, she increased her drinking to 8–9 glasses per day. Hepatomegaly, right ... | A: ↑ NADH/NAD+; AST:ALT ≥ 2:1; ß-oxidation ↓; ß-hydroxybutyrate ↑; lactic acid ↑ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to the primary care physician’s clinic complaining of fatigue, diarrhea, headaches, and a loss of appetite. She denies any personal history of blood clots in her past, but she says that her mother has also had to be treated for pulmonary embolism in the recent past. Her past medical histo... | B: Lifelong Vitamin B12 supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents with his recent laboratory results. He has no symptoms currently, but he underwent a medical evaluation as a requirement for taking up a new job. His medical history is not significant. His laboratory reports are as follows: Blood hemoglobin 13.7 g/dL Leukocyte count 8,000/mm3 Platelet coun... | C: Palmar xanthomas in flexor creases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man with history of intravenous drug use and methamphetamine-associated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend for worsening abdominal pain and fevers. The patient said the pain was initially around his umbilicus, but he is now expe... | B: Fresh frozen plasma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man, who is known to have recurrent thromboembolic strokes, presents to his physician for a routine follow-up visit. While assessing drug compliance, the physician realizes that the patient inadvertently doubled his dose of warfarin 1 month ago. When he is asked about any new complaints, the patient den... | B: Phytonadione |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician for her annual physical examination. Breast and pubic hair development began at the age of 12 years, but menses have not yet occurred. She is 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 54 kg (120 lb); BMI is 21 kg/m2. Physical examination shows normal external genitalia. Breast ... | E: Paramesonephric duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening fatigue and a 1-week history of gingival bleeding. He has also had decreased appetite and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss over the past month. He has tried over-the-counter vitamin supplements with no relief of his symptoms. He appears pale. His temperature 37.... | C: Peroxidase-positive granules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old retired female teacher is referred to the endocrinology clinic. She is very concerned about a large mass in her neck that has progressively enlarged over the past 2 weeks. She also reports a 15 pound weight loss over the last 3 months. She now has hoarseness and difficulty swallowing her food, giving he... | D: Inactivating mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An institutionalized 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of abdominal pain and distension for 12 hours. The pain was acute in onset and is a cramping-type pain associated with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. He has a history of chronic constipation and has used laxatives for years. Ther... | C: Sigmoid volvulus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old male with a history of aortic stenosis secondary to a bicuspid aortic valve treated with aortic valve replacement (AVR) presents with fever and shortness of breath. Patient states a gradual onset of symptoms approximately five days ago that have been getting steadily worse. He reports that he has troubl... | B: Administer vancomycin 1 g IV every 12 hours, gentamicin 70 mg IV every 8 hours, and rifampin 300 mg IV every 8 hours |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of progressive breathlessness. She has no history of major medical illness. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 22/min. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 99%. Cardiac examination shows a loud... | E: Decreased hemoglobin concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old female with a history of end-stage renal disease presents to her primary care physician complaining of weakness. She reports a six-month history of progressive weakness accompanied by occasional dull aching pain in her arms, legs, and lower back. She has also started to increase her fiber intake because... | B: Calcimimetic agent |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70 year-old-man comes to the clinic for generalized fatigue. He says that he is more tired than before and has difficulty catching his breath while walking upstairs. He feels tired quickly doing his usual activity such as gardening and shopping. He does not have any symptoms of fever, change in bowel habits, abdomi... | C: Angiodysplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with unrelenting muscle spasms for the past several hours. The patient’s girlfriend states that he started having jaw spasms and soreness last night but now his neck, back, and arms are spasming. She also states that he stepped on a nail about 1 week ago. Past me... | C: An exotoxin that cleaves SNARE proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of left gluteal pain for the last 3 months. The onset of the pain was gradual and she does not recall any trauma to the region. She describes the pain as sharp and progressive, with radiation down the posterior left thigh to the level of the knee. S... | B: Walking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician because of headaches that she has had over the last three weeks. She has not had any significant past medical history though she does recall that various types of cancer run in her family. She has also noticed that she has been gaining some weight, and her fe... | E: String-of-beads appearance on angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman seeks evaluation at a medical office for chest pain and shortness of breath on exertion of 3 months' duration. Physical examination shows bilateral pitting edema on the legs. On auscultation, diffuse crackles are heard over the lower lung fields. Cardiac examination shows jugular venous distention... | C: Lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency room with cough, dyspnea, and fever over the past 2 days. He also has substernal chest pain that worsens with inspiration. He recently recovered from a mild upper respiratory infection. His past medical history is notable for gout, hypertension, major depressive disorder, o... | D: Picornavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman is referred to a cardiologist for evaluation of syncope. Over the past year she has experienced 2 syncopal events. The first event occurred while she was standing, and the second when she laid down on her side. She denies bowel or bladder incontinence during the episodes or palpitations. However, ... | C: Left atrial pedunculated mass |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a wellness checkup. He states that he generally feels well and has no complaints at this time. The patient consumes alcohol frequently, eats a high sodium diet, and is sedentary. His temperature is 97.5°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 167/108 mmHg, pulse is 9... | E: Weight loss |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of severe, acute, right leg pain for 2 hours. The patient's symptoms started suddenly while he was doing household chores. He has no history of leg pain at rest or with exertion. Yesterday, he returned home after a 6-hour bus ride from his grandson's home. H... | A: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to his dermatologist with a rash on the extensor surfaces of his elbows and knees which has occurred episodically ever since he was a teenager. The patient was recently diagnosed with essential hypertension and was prescribed lisinopril by his primary care physician. The vital signs include... | A: Topical clobetasol and/or topical calcipotriol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to her family physician with a long history of depression, irritability, and, more recently, personality changes. As her partner comments, she has stopped engaging in activities she used to enjoy like dancing, drumming lessons, and yoga. The patient denies changes in skin pigmentation and... | A: Wilson disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the internal medicine clinic with complaints of numbness and tingling in his fingers that he first noticed 6 months ago. It has been progressively worsening and has reached the point where it is affecting his normal daily activities, such as brushing his teeth. His past medical history i... | A: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of shoulder pain for the past week. He is a pitcher for the baseball team at his university and reports that the pain started shortly after a game. The pain is described as achy and dull, intermittent, 7/10, and is concentrated around the right shoulder area. He denie... | E: Suprascapular nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy and his parents present to the emergency department with high-grade fever, headache, and projectile vomiting. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. Past medical history is noncontributory.... | A: Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A forty-five-year-old farmer with past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and glaucoma comes into your emergency room confused, diaphoretic, salivating, vomiting and shedding tears. He has pinpoint pupils. You conclude that he is showing effects of acute organophosphate poisoning. While administering the anti... | C: Acute closed-angle glaucoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after having been hit by a car while riding his bicycle. He was not wearing a helmet. Despite appropriate life-saving measures, he dies 2 hours later because of a severe intracranial hemorrhage. Autopsy of the heart shows general thickening of the left ventricu... | C: Chronic hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents her physician with a complaint of feeling tired and low on energy for the past 6 months. She also has noticed she has been having trouble performing daily tasks and at times experiencing near-fainting spells. She has no recollection of similar instances in the past. Her past medical histo... | E: Methylmalonic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year old G2P1 woman, currently at 38 weeks estimated gestational age, presents with contractions. She says that she did not have any prenatal care, because she does not have health insurance. Upon delivery, the infant appears jaundiced and has marked hepatosplenomegaly. Serum hemoglobin is 11.6 g/dL and serum bi... | B: The mother generated IgG antibodies against fetal red blood cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old female with poorly controlled systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents to the emergency room with a cough and pleuritic chest pain. She states that she developed these symptoms 2 days prior. The pain appears to improve when the patient leans forward. She currently takes hydroxychloroquine for her sys... | E: PR depressions and diffuse ST elevations |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old male patient presents to the emergency department after being found down on a sidewalk. He is able to be aroused but seems confused and confabulates extensively during history taking. Physical exam of the eye reveals nystagmus and the patient is unable to complete finger-to-nose or heel-to-shin testing.... | A: Vitamin B1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old boy is referred to a geneticist after he is found to have persistent hypotonia and failure to thrive. He has also had episodes of what appears to be respiratory distress and has an enlarged heart on physical exam. There is a family history of childhood onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, so a biopsy is p... | B: Lysosomal alpha 1,4-glucosidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife because she is concerned about his speech being irregular. Specifically, she says that over the last 8 months, her husband has been saying increasingly nonsensical statements at home. In addition, he is no longer able to perform basic verbal tasks such as orde... | C: Hyperphosphorylated tau inclusion bodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to your pediatrics office by his parents for a well-child checkup. The parents are Amish and this is the first time their child has seen a doctor. His medical history is unknown, and he was born at 39 weeks gestation. His temperature is 98.3°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 97/58 mmHg, pulse ... | C: Hearing exam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old primigravid woman at 39 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Pregnancy was complicated by mild oligohydramnios detected a week ago, which was managed with hydration. Her pulse is 92/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 134/76 mm Hg. Pelvic examination shows 100% c... | C: Maternal repositioning and oxygen administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old sexually active female presents to the emergency department in severe pain. She states that she has significant abdominal pain that seems to worsen whenever she urinates. This seems to have progressed over the past day and is accompanied by increased urge and frequency. The emergency room physician obta... | B: Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department due to vomiting and weakness. He is attending a summer camp and was on a hike with the other kids and a camp counselor. His friends say that the boy skipped breakfast, and the counselor says he forgot to pack snacks for the kids during the hike. The child’s par... | C: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A middle aged man is brought in by emergency medical services after being found unconscious, lying on the street next to an empty bottle of vodka. His past medical history is unknown. Upon evaluation, he opens his eyes spontaneously and is able to obey commands. After peripheral access is obtained, IV normal saline a... | E: Vitamin B1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband because of a gradual 20-kg (45-lb) weight loss and recurrent episodes of vomiting without diarrhea over the past 2 years. Her last menstrual period was 6 months ago. On physical examination, she appears fatigued and emaciated, and there is bilateral swell... | C: Decreased triiodothyronine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents to the physician with a history of fever, malaise, and arthralgia in the large joints for the last 2 months. He also mentions that his appetite has been significantly decreased during this period, and he has lost considerable weight. He also informs the physician that he often experiences t... | A: Hepatitis B virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents to his physician with diarrhea, vomiting, and fever for the past 2 days. After laboratory evaluation, he is diagnosed with bacterial gastroenteritis. The man is a microbiology major and knows that the human gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin are lined by epithelia which act... | D: γδ T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents with a yellow coloration of his skin. He says he feels well and denies any recent history of nausea, fatigue or fever, or discoloration of his urine or stool. The patient reports episodes with similar symptoms in the past. Family history is significant for similar symptoms in his father. Th... | D: No therapy indicated |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of poor weight gain and chronic diarrhea. He has had 3 episodes of otitis media since birth. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated but his mother received no prenatal care. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is at the 10th percentile for height... | C: Zidovudine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In the coronary steal phenomenon, vessel dilation is paradoxically harmful because blood is diverted from ischemic areas of the myocardium. Which of the following is responsible for the coronary steal phenomenon?? {'A': 'Venodilation', 'B': 'Microvessel dilation', 'C': 'Dilation of the large coronary arteries', 'D': ... | B: Microvessel dilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department one hour after sustaining an injury during football practice. He collided head-on into another player while wearing a mouthguard and helmet. Immediately after the collision he was confused but able to use appropriate words. He opened his eyes spontaneously and ... | E: Observe for 6 hours in the ED and refrain from contact sports for one week |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency department 30 minutes after she was bitten by her neighbor's cat. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She received all recommended immunizations during childhood but has not received any since then. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical e... | B: Administer oral amoxicillin-clavulanate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother due to fever and tugging at his right ear. The mother says that he is currently irritable with a mild fever. About 1 week ago, he had a mild cough, mild fever, body aches, and a runny nose. He was treated with children’s Tylenol and the symptoms resolve... | E: Second hand smoke |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old male is transferred from an outside hospital to the neurologic intensive care unit for management of a traumatic brain injury after suffering a 30-foot fall from a roof-top. He now lacks decision-making capacity but does not fulfill the criteria for brain-death. The patient does not have a living will a... | C: The patient's 22-year-old daughter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 33-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because she could feel her heart racing intermittently for the last 2 hours. Each episode lasts about 10 minutes. She does not have any chest pain. Her mother died of a heart attack and her father had an angioplasty 3 years ago. She has smoked a... | B: Vagal maneuvers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old female presents with a malodorous vaginal discharge. She notes that the odor is more prominent after sexual intercourse. She is sexually active with one partner and uses barrier contraception. Her past medical history is significant only for community-acquired pneumonia treated with antibiotics 2 months... | C: Bacteria-coated epithelial cells on wet mount microscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents to the clinic for a several-month history of fatigue, and it is starting to affect his work. He often needs to sneak away in the middle of the day to take naps or else he cannot focus and is at risk of falling asleep at his desk. He has been feeling like this for approximately 1 year. Other... | C: Levothyroxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old primigravid woman at 41 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Pregnancy has been uncomplicated. She has asthma treated with theophylline and inhaled corticosteroids. She has had 2 surgeries in the past to repair multiple lower limb and pelvis fractures that were the result of a c... | D: Cephalopelvic disproportion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A senior medicine resident receives negative feedback on a grand rounds presentation from his attending. He is told sternly that he must improve his performance on the next project. Later that day, he yells at his medical student for not showing enough initiative, though he had voiced only satisfaction with the stude... | D: Displacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man visits his psychiatrist with feelings of sadness on most days of the week for the past 4 weeks. He says that he is unable to participate in his daily activities and finds it hard to get out of bed on most days. If he has nothing scheduled for the day, he sometimes sleeps for 10–12 hours at a stretch... | B: Non-selectively inhibits monoamine oxidase A and B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department for altered mental status. The patient was found napping in a local market and brought to the hospital. The patient has a past medical history of polysubstance abuse and is homeless. His temperature is 104°F (40.0°C), blood pressure is 100/52 mmHg, pulse is 133/m... | D: Remove the central line and send for cultures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend for a nosebleed. Pinching the nose for the past hour has not stopped the bleeding. For the past several months, he has had recurring nosebleeds that resolved with pressure. He has no history of hypertension or trauma. He has asthma that is wel... | D: Cocaine use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents with increasing shortness of breath for a month, which is aggravated while walking and climbing up the stairs. He also complains of pain and stiffness in both wrists, and the distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of both hands. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis 6 mo... | B: Drug-induced pulmonary disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department after being stabbed. The patient was robbed at a local pizza parlor and was stabbed over 10 times with a large kitchen knife with an estimated 7 inch blade in the ventral abdomen. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 74/54 mmHg, pulse is 180/min,... | D: Exploratory laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of irregular menses and generalized fatigue for the past 4 months. Menses previously occurred at regular 25- to 29-day intervals and lasted for 5 days but now occur at 45- to 60-day intervals. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She is 155... | A: Cushing syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 18-year-old male presents to his primary care provider with his parents for a sports physical. He was last seen in clinic several months ago, when he was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He was started on methylphenidate at that time, and the patient now reports improvement in his abi... | E: Meiotic nondisjunction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Following passage of a calcium oxalate stone, a 55-year-old male visits his physician to learn about nephrolithiasis prevention. Which of the following changes affecting urine composition within the bladder are most likely to protect against crystal precipitation?? {'A': 'Increased calcium, increased citrate, increas... | D: Decreased calcium, increased citrate, decreased oxalate, increased free water clearance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of fever, chest pain, and a cough productive of a moderate amount of greenish-yellow sputum for 2 days. During this period, she has had severe malaise, chills, and difficulty breathing. She has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2... | C: Inpatient treatment with azithromycin and cefotaxime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A study is conducted to investigate the relationship between the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the use of atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia. 300 patients who received the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and 300 patients who received the typical antipsychotic haloperidol ... | C: 0.03 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for worsening dysuria, hematuria, and lower abdominal pain. Her symptoms began approximately 2 days ago and have progressively worsened. She denies headache, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. She endorses feeling "feverish" and notes to having foul smelling urin... | D: Tobramycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the physician due to difficulty initiating and sustaining erections for the past year. According to the patient, he has a loving wife and he is still attracted to her sexually. While he still gets an occasional erection, he has not been able to maintain an erection throughout intercourse... | A: Check prolactin levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a cough for 2 days. The cough occurs as paroxysmal spells, with vomiting sometimes occurring afterwards. She takes a deep breath after these spells that makes a whooping sound. She has been unable to sleep well because of the cough. She had a runny nose and low... | E: Pneumothorax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by emergency medical technicians after being found unconscious near a park bench. He appears disheveled with a strong odor of alcohol. There is no known past medical history other than treatment for alcohol withdrawal in the past at this institution.The patient is la... | E: Glycogen depletion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after 2 days of difficulty breathing and fever. His past medical history is significant for hypertension and benign prostate hypertrophy. He takes hydrochlorothiazide and tamsulosin. He also admits to drinking alcohol on the weekends and a half pack a day smok... | A: White blood cell casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of progressively worsening fatigue and shortness of breath for the past 2 weeks. His only medication is insulin. Examination shows elevated jugular venous distention and coarse crackles in both lungs. Despite appropriate life-saving measures, he dies. Gross ... | D: GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion on chromosome 9 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue, increased urinary frequency, and low back pain. She reports frequent passing of hard stools, despite using stool softeners. During this time, she has not been as involved with her weekly book club. Her family is concerned that she is ... | A: Chief cells in the parathyroid gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of increased flow and duration of her menses. Menses previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals and lasted 5 days with normal flow. They now last 8–9 days and the flow is heavy with the passage of clots. During this period, she has also had ... | C: Endometrial tissue within the uterine wall |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of abdominal distension for the past 3 weeks. He also complains of generalized abdominal discomfort associated with nausea and decreased appetite. He was discharged from the hospital 3 months ago after an inguinal hernia repair with no reported complications... | B: Lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents with a skin rash that has spread on her arm over the last few days. She also complains of fever, headache, joint pain, and stiffness of the neck associated with the onset of the rash. On physical examination, there is an annular, red rash with a clear area in the center similar to a bull’... | B: Bell’s palsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of facial puffiness and mild swelling in his lower back. He denies chest pain, blood in the urine, or fever. He was recently diagnosed with colon cancer. The vital signs include a blood pressure of 122/78 mm Hg, a pulse of 76/min, a temperature of 36.9°C (98.4°... | D: Spike and dome appearance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old female presents to her pediatrician’s office because she has not yet started menstruating. On review of systems, she states that she has been increasingly tired, constipated, and cold over the last 6 months. She also endorses a long history of migraines with aura that have increased in frequency over th... | E: FSH and estrogen levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is working with a mutant strain of mice that lack a consistent density of sarcolemmal transverse tubules in the skeletal muscle cells. Which of the following is the most likely associated finding as a result of this abnormality?? {'A': 'Increased activation of myosin-light-chain phosphatase', 'B': 'De... | D: Impaired synchronization of cross-bridge formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old male is accompanied by his mother to the pediatrician. His mother reports that over the past two weeks, the child has had intermittent low grade fevers and has been more lethargic than usual. The child’s past medical history is notable for myelomeningocele complicated by lower extremity weakness as well ... | E: Tubular colloid casts with diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-month-old girl is brought to the physician with a red lesion on her scalp that was first noticed 2 months ago. The lesion has been increasing in size slowly. It is not associated with pain or pruritus. She was born at 37 weeks of gestation after an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. The patient’s older sister ... | D: Reassurance and follow-up |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is admitted to the hospital because of a 1-month history of fatigue, intermittent fever, and weakness. Results from a peripheral blood smear taken during his evaluation are indicative of possible acute myeloid leukemia. Bone marrow aspiration and subsequent cytogenetic studies confirm the diagnosis.... | C: """What is your understanding of the reasons we did bone marrow aspiration and cytogenetic studies?""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old homeless woman is brought to the emergency department by the police after she was found in the park lying unconscious on the ground. Both of her pupils are normal in size and reactive to light. There are no signs of head trauma. Finger prick test shows a blood glucose level of 20 mg/dL. She has been bro... | B: AST > ALT, increased gamma-glutamyl transferase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of difficulty swallowing for the past 1 year. She was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux 3 years ago and takes pantoprazole. She has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 14 years. Examination shows hardening of the skin of the fingers and several white papules o... | A: Esophageal smooth muscle fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents for his first hemodialysis treatment. He was diagnosed with progressive chronic kidney disease 6 years ago that has now resulted in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). He currently is on a waiting list for a kidney transplant. His past medical history is significant for hypertension and peptic ... | C: Protein intake |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman presents to the outpatient department with a recent onset of generalized weakness and weight gain. On physical examination, there is diffuse nontender enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration and cytology show lymphocytic infiltration with germinal centers and epithelial Hürthle ce... | B: Antimicrosomal antibody |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman is brought to the office at the insistence of her fiancé to be evaluated for auditory hallucinations for the past 8 months. The patient’s fiancé tells the physician that the patient often mentions that she can hear her own thoughts speaking aloud to her. The hallucinations have occurred intermitte... | A: Schizophrenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are seeing an otherwise healthy 66-year-old male in clinic who is complaining of localized back pain and a new rash. On physical exam, his vital signs are within normal limits. You note a vesicular rash restricted to the upper left side of his back. In order to confirm your suspected diagnosis, you perform a diag... | E: Multinucleated giant cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination after presenting with elevated blood pressures on both arms at a routine visit 1 month ago. He feels well and takes no medications. He is 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall and weighs 99 kg (218 lb); BMI is 31 kg/m2. His pulse is 76/min, and blood pressure is... | B: Metanephric blastema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because he suddenly collapsed while playing football. His parents mention that he had complained of dizziness while playing before, but never fainted in the middle of a game. On physical examination, the blood pressure is 130/90 mm Hg, the respi... | D: Nitrates |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the crossbridge cycle of muscle contraction. Tissue from the biceps brachii muscle is obtained at the autopsy of an 87-year-old man. Investigation of the muscle tissue shows myosin heads attached to actin filaments. Binding of myosin heads to which of the following elements would most like... | C: ATP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man awakens in the middle of the night with excruciating pain in his right great toe. He reports that even the touch of the bed sheet was unbearably painful. His right foot is shown in figure A. He is treated with colchicine. Which of the following describes the mechanism of colchicine?? {'A': 'Inhibiti... | E: Decreases microtubule polymerization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy and his mother were referred to a pulmonology clinic. She is concerned that her son is having some breathing difficulty for the past few months, which is aggravated with exercise. The family is especially concerned because the patient’s older brother has cystic fibrosis. The past medical history is ... | E: Vital capacity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after her husband found her unconscious on the living room floor. She does not report having experienced light-headedness, nausea, sweating, or visual disturbance before losing consciousness. Three weeks ago, she was diagnosed with open-angle glauc... | B: Timolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old forest landscape specialist is brought to the emergency department with hematemesis and confusion. One week ago she was diagnosed with influenza when she had fevers, severe headaches, myalgias, hip and shoulder pain, and a maculopapular rash. After a day of relative remission, she developed abdominal pa... | B: Intravenous fluids and electrolytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You have isolated cells from a patient with an unknown disorder and would like to locate the defect in this patient. When radiolabeled propionate is added to the mitochondria, no radiolabeled carbon dioxide is detected. However, when radiolabeled methylmalonic acid is added, radiolabeled carbon dioxide is detected fr... | E: Phenylalanine |
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