instruction stringclasses 5
values | input stringlengths 10 4.2k | output stringlengths 1 7.16k |
|---|---|---|
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to the clinic for evaluation of puncture wounds on the dorsal aspect of his right second and third metacarpals. He states that he was in a fight 3 nights ago and he struck another individual in the mouth. The patient’s medical history is significant for peripheral vascular disease and hyper... | C: Clindamycin plus doxycycline with irrigation and debridement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of episodic, pressure-like chest pain. The chest pain occurs when he is walking up stairs and improves with rest. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. His father died from a myocardial infarction at the age of 50 years. Current medicat... | D: Metoprolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of increasing agitation and aggression at home. He has a history of bipolar disorder. During the last week, he has refused to take his lithium medication because it makes him “feel empty inside.” The mother thinks he has experimented with ... | D: Benztropine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research group is investigating an allosteric modulator to improve exercise resistance and tolerance at low-oxygen conditions. The group has created cultures of myocytes derived from high-performance college athletes. The application of this compound to these cultures in a low-oxygen environment and during vigorous... | E: Lactate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus, COPD, and a ST-elevation myocardial infarction currently on dialysis presents with shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. The patient missed his recent dialysis appointment and has been noncompliant with his other medications. The patient found out his best fr... | A: Cardiac tamponade |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman complains of recurrent headaches. The pain is located on the right side of the head, is accompanied by nausea, worsens when lifting heavy objects, and typically lasts 2 days. She describes the pain as pulsatile and says that they are usually triggered by eating chocolates. Her headache is not asso... | D: 5-HT1B/D agonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department for severe pain in his knee. The patient states that the pain began yesterday and has steadily worsened. The patient has a history of osteoarthritis of the knee, which was previously responsive to ibuprofen. He reports taking 3 doses of hydrochlorothiazide today ... | B: Arthrocentesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman visits your office with a 3-day complaint of fever, malaise, myalgias, and headaches associated with vulvar itching, vulvar soreness, dysuria, and urethral discharge. The pain when urinating is so severe that she has attempted to avoid the use of the toilet. She just returned from a spring break i... | B: Direct fluorescence antigen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 7-week history of cough, shortness of breath, and daily copious sputum production. He has had frequent respiratory tract infections over the past several years. Current medications include dextromethorphan and guaifenesin as needed. He does not smoke cigarettes. H... | A: Damage to bronchial vessels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his mother after he has complained of worsening left thumb pain for the last two weeks. The mother reports that the patient was previously healthy. Approximately 2 weeks ago, the family cat bit the patient’s thumb. The area around the bite wound then became red, ho... | C: Pasteurella multocida |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 3-hour history of severe nausea, vomiting, tremor, and anxiety. She recently started a new medication but does not remember its name. She has a history of major depressive disorder treated with fluoxetine. Her temperature is 38.9 C (102.1 F), pulse is... | B: Sumatriptan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. She is sexually active and uses condoms inconsistently with her boyfriend. She had pelvic inflammatory disease at the age of 22 years. Her temp... | A: Administration of anti-D immunoglobulin and intramuscular methotrexate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to the women’s health clinic with a 9-week delay in menses. The patient has a history of grand mal seizures, and was recently diagnosed with acute sinusitis. She is prescribed lamotrigine and amoxicillin. The patient smokes one-half pack of cigarettes every day for 10 years, and drinks so... | C: Folic acid supplementation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for bilateral nipple discharge. She states that this started recently and seems to be worsening. She denies any other current symptoms. The patient states that she is not currently sexually active, and her last menstrual period was over a month ago. Her medic... | A: Alteration of the tuberoinfundibular pathway |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic with the complaint of knee pain for the past few weeks. The pain is located in the left knee, associated with morning stiffness for about an hour, and improves with activities throughout the day. He also has a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, and ... | B: Synovial fluid analysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 9-month history of progressive shortness of breath on exertion. Pulmonary examinations shows fine bibasilar end-inspiratory crackles. There is digital clubbing. Pulmonary functions tests show an FEV1:FVC ratio of 97% and a total lung capacity of 70%. An x-ray of t... | A: Shipbuilding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents for a pre-placement health check-up. Auscultation reveals a mid-systolic click. An echocardiogram reveals a floppy mitral valve and a dilated aortic root. An ocular examination finds a subluxated lens superior and laterally. What is the most likely genetic defect?? {'A': 'NF1 protein', 'B':... | C: Fibrillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man with longstanding diabetes and coronary artery disease presents to the ER with chest pain and dyspnea. The echocardiogram reveals moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation and an ejection fraction of 27%. A chest X-ray shows bibasilar infiltrates. A new drug is added to his medication regimen, and the... | C: Inhibits mineralocorticoid receptor on the cortical collecting duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, and pain in the upper abdomen for the past 3 hours. She reports that the pain has increased in severity over these 3 hours and frequently radiates to the back. She was diagnosed as HIV positive 2 years ago. She was place... | B: Discontinue didanosine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 4-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of a 3-week history of recurrent vomiting and difficulty walking. Examination shows a broad-based gait and bilateral optic disc swelling. An MRI shows an intracranial tumor. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed, and surgical excision of... | B: Medulloblastoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of headache, nausea, and vomiting for 24 hours. His wife says that over the past 2 weeks, he has been more irritable and has had trouble remembering to do routine errands. Two weeks ago, he fell during a skiing accident but did not lose cons... | D: Surgical evacuation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl makes an appointment with her pediatrician because she is concerned that she may have gotten a sexually transmitted infection. Specifically, she had unprotected sex two weeks ago and has since been experiencing painful urination and abdominal pain. Laboratory tests confirm a diagnosis of Chlamydial... | E: Do not contact her parents but do report to public health agencies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness exam. She currently has no acute concerns but has been feeling hopeless, has a poor appetite, difficulty with concentration, and trouble with sleep. She says that she has poor self-esteem and that her symptoms have been occurring for the past 3... | D: Persistent depressive disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for an initial visit. He recently immigrated from Cambodia. Through an interpreter, the patient reports 6 months of mild exertional dyspnea. He denies chest pain or palpitations. His medical history is unremarkable and he has never had any surgeries. His ... | A: Atrial septal defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the physician because of dull abdominal pain on his right side for 4 months. He also reports episodic nausea and vomiting during this period. He does not have fever, altered bowel habits, or weight loss. He has had a pet dog for 8 years. He appears healthy. Vital signs are within normal lim... | B: Epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 85-year-old woman otherwise healthy presents with left-sided weakness. Her symptoms started 4 hours ago while she was on the phone with her niece. The patient recalls dropping the phone and not being able to pick it up with her left hand. No significant past medical history. No current medications. Physical examin... | D: Homonymous hemianopsia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old-man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being involved in a motorcycle accident. He lost control at high speed and was thrown forward onto the handlebars. On arrival, he is alert and responsive. He has abdominal pain and superficial lacerations on his left arm. Vital signs are within... | A: Pancreatic ductal injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with a history of IV drug abuse presents to the emergency department with an altered mental status. He was found unconscious in the park by police. His temperature is 100.0°F (37.8°C), blood pressure is 87/48 mmHg, pulse is 150/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. ... | D: Ringer lactate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old G1P0 woman at 27 weeks estimated gestational age presents for her first prenatal care appointment. She recently immigrated to the United States and didn’t receive any prenatal care in her country. Her blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 16/min. Her BMI is 38.3 kg/m2. Ph... | C: Oral glucose tolerance test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to the emergency department for shortness of breath for the last 2 hours. Despite his diagnosis of heart failure 2 years ago, he has refused to make any diet changes. He takes aspirin and carvedilol but is poorly compliant. His vitals signs are pulse of 135/min, respirations 30/min, and a b... | C: Blocking the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman is brought into the office by his son. His son states that the patient has been acting inappropriately over the last few years. She has been taking off her clothes in front of visitors and putting objects in her mouth. She has had no emotional response to the death of one of her close friends and ... | D: Pick's disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously well 25-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend because of progressive blurred vision. Examination of the eyes reveals loss of horizontal gaze, intact convergence, and nystagmus. A clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is made and the patient is started on a course of c... | C: Loss of bilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of headaches and back pain. Examination shows mild sensorineural hearing loss. Serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase is increased. An x-ray of the skull is shown. The most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient is a drug that has which ... | E: Apoptosis of osteoclasts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old female infant is brought in by her mother to the pediatrician because she is concerned that her daughter is not growing normally. On physical exam, the head circumference is 95th percentile and the height is 5th percentile. The child has disproportionate growth such that both the upper and lower extremi... | B: Autosomal dominant |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to a local hospital complaining about a rash on her face and torso, as well as night sweats, low-grade fever, diarrhea, and unintentional weight loss. Her personal history is relevant for homelessness; she also has a history of risky behaviors such as the use and abuse of intravenous drug... | C: HHV-8 infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department after her roommate found her unconscious at their apartment. On arrival, her GCS was 3/15, with bilateral mydriasis, fever of 39.4℃ (103.0℉), and ventricular tachycardia which was converted to sinus rhythm. She had one episode of a generalized tonic-clonic s... | A: Cocaine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with intense crying and pain in both hands after playing with ice cubes. His mother denies any preceding trauma. The temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), the blood pressure is 90/55 mm Hg, and the pulse is 100/min. The physical examination shows swollen dorsa of the ... | C: Hydroxyurea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her roommate with severe right lower quadrant pain for the last 8 hours. The pain is progressively getting worse and is associated with vomiting. When you ask the patient about her last menstrual period, she tells you that although she stopped keeping trac... | A: Urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department for sudden weakness. He was doing mechanical work on his car where he acutely developed right-leg weakness and fell to the ground. He is accompanied by his wife, who said that this has never happened before. He was last seen neurologically normal approximately 2 ... | D: Noncontrast head CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of pain, cramps, and tingling in his lower extremities over the past 6 months. The patient reports that the symptoms worsen with walking more than two blocks and are completely relieved by rest. Over the past 3 months, his symptoms have not improved despite ... | A: Administration of cilostazol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of persistent cough productive of thick, yellow sputum and worsening shortness of breath. One year ago, he had similar symptoms that lasted 4 months. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Physical examination shows scat... | E: Increased goblet cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One day after undergoing surgery for a traumatic right pelvic fracture, a 73-year-old man has pain over his buttocks and scrotum and urinary incontinence. Physical examination shows right-sided perineal hypesthesia and absence of anal sphincter contraction when the skin around the anus is touched. This patient is mos... | B: Absent reflex erection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for exposure to toxic materials. The patient states that when he left for work this morning he was certain that he had closed the door to his pantry. However, upon returning home, he saw that the door to his pantry was wide open. The patient is certain that his... | C: Paranoid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man presents with acute-onset left flank pain for the past 6 hours. He describes the pain as severe, intermittent, colicky, and “coming in waves”, and he points to the area of the left costovertebral angle (CVA). He says he recently has been restricting oral liquid intake to only 2 glasses of water per ... | D: Non-contrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician for evaluation of an elevated temperature, sore throat, runny nose, and lacrimation for the past week, and a rash which he developed yesterday. The rash began on the patient’s face and spread down to the trunk, hands, and feet. The patient’s mother gave him ibuprofen to c... | B: Morbillivirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent wheezing for the past 2 months. The child has a history of eczema. Since birth, he has had three upper respiratory tract infections that resolved without treatment, and one episode of acute otitis media treated... | B: Spirometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after his mother found him having muscle spasms and stiffness in his room. His mother stated he scraped his foot on a rusty razor on the bathroom floor 2 days prior. On presentation, his temperature is 102.0°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 108/73 mmH... | C: Wound debridement and antitoxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of recurrent vomiting and yellowing of his eyes. The mother says that he has been eating poorly since she started weaning him off of breast milk 5 days ago. At this time, mashed vegetables and fruits were added to his diet. Examination sho... | C: Aldolase B |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old pregnant woman (gravida 1, para 0) presents during her 16th week of pregnancy for a check-up. The course of her current pregnancy is unremarkable. She had normal results on the previous ultrasound examination. Her human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level measured at week 12 of pregnancy was 0.9 multiple... | A: Trisomy 21 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year old woman presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. Past medical history is significant for congestive heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and gout. Her medications include lisinopril, metoprolol, atorvastatin, and allopurinol. Her blood pressure is 125/90 mm Hg, heart rate 9... | D: Left colic artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman is scheduled to undergo a right hip total arthroplasty for severe hip osteoarthritis that has failed conservative management. She has never had surgery before. She has a history of major depressive disorder and takes sertraline daily and ibuprofen occasionally for pain. Her mother died of breast c... | E: Ryanodine receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because she has had dyspnea and palpitations occurring with mild exertion for the past 8 days. At first, the symptoms subsided immediately after cessation of activity, but they have become worse and now last up to 45 minutes. The patient returned from a summer cam... | A: Intravenous ceftriaxone therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old female college student is brought into the emergency department by her boyfriend. The boyfriend reports that the patient got caught stealing from the company she works for and subsequently got fired. The boyfriend received a text that evening saying “I’ll miss you.” When he arrived at her dorm room, the... | D: Involuntarily admit the patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 1-day history of severe left hand pain. He has had similar painful episodes in the past that required hospitalization. Physical examination shows pale conjunctivae. There is tenderness on palpation of the wrist and the small joints of the left hand. Periphera... | C: S phase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being struck by a car an hour ago as he was crossing the street. He did not lose consciousness. He is complaining of pain in his right arm, forehead, and pelvis. He also has the urge to urinate, but has been unable to do so since the accident. He takes no... | A: Retrograde urethrogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A homeless 45-year-old man presents to the emergency room in December complaining of malaise, body aches, chills, and fever. He reports that his symptoms started 4 days ago. His myalgias and chills have begun to resolve, but now he is starting to develop a dry cough, dyspnea, and a sore throat. He does not have a pri... | C: Reassortment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after admission to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic colitis, a 65-year-old man has recovered from his initial symptoms of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain with tenderness. He feels well at this point and wishes to go home. He has a 15-year history of diabetes mellitus. Currently, he rec... | A: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The surgical equipment used during a craniectomy is sterilized using pressurized steam at 121°C for 15 minutes. Reuse of these instruments can cause transmission of which of the following pathogens?? {'A': 'Non-enveloped viruses', 'B': 'Sporulating bacteria', 'C': 'Enveloped viruses', 'D': 'Yeasts', 'E': 'Prions'}, | E: Prions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old community-dwelling woman is transported to the emergency department with decreased consciousness, headache, and nausea. The symptoms began after the patient had a syncopal episode and fell at her home. She has a history of arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Her current medications include hy... | D: Rupture of the cerebral bridging veins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old G3P2 presents at 33 weeks gestation with several episodes of bloody spotting and mild vaginal bleeding over the past 2 weeks. The bleeding has no specific triggers and resolves spontaneously. She does not report abdominal pain or uterine contractions. She has had two cesarean deliveries. At 20 weeks ges... | A: Normally lying placenta → marginal previa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man with a past medical history of major depression presents to the clinic. He is interested in joining a research study on depression-related sleep disturbances. He had 2 episodes of major depression within the last 2 years, occurring once during the summer and then during the winter of the other year.... | A: Increased total REM sleep |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman with breast cancer comes to the physician because of redness and pain in the right breast. She has been undergoing ionizing radiation therapy daily for the past 2 weeks as adjuvant treatment for her breast cancer. Physical examination shows erythema, edema, and superficial desquamation of the skin... | D: Nonhomologous end joining repair |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-month-old male is brought to the emergency room by his mother. The mother reports that the child is in severe pain and has not moved his right leg since earlier this morning when he was crawling on the floor. The child did not fall or sustain any obvious injury. The child’s past medical history is notable for a... | A: Acidification deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old African-American woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 11 weeks' gestation comes to her physician for a prenatal visit. She feels more fatigued than usual but has no other symptoms. She has no history of serious illness. She takes no medications. Her mother has systemic lupus erythematosus. Her temperature is 37... | E: Hemoglobin electrophoresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father because of a 3-day history of generalized rash. The rash is not pruritic. He has no cough. He has had a fever and a sore throat for 4 days. He was born at term and has been healthy except for an episode of tonsillitis 6 months ago treated with erythromycin. H... | E: Rapid streptococcal antigen test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of decreased urine output, progressively worsening bilateral pedal edema, and fatigue. He has a 4-month history of persistent lower back pain. He has hypercholesterolemia and stable angina pectoris. Current medications include atorvastatin, aspirin, ... | D: Bone marrow biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of a 4-week history of irritability, diarrhea, and a 2.2-kg (5-lb) weight loss that was preceded by a dry cough. The family returned from a vacation to Indonesia 2 months ago. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Abdominal examination shows mild... | D: Albendazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old previously healthy, athletic male suddenly falls unconscious while playing soccer. His athletic trainer comes to his aid and notes that he is pulseless. He begins performing CPR on the patient until the ambulance arrives but the teenager is pronounced dead when the paramedics arrived. Upon investigation... | C: Valsalva |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of severe nausea and vomiting. He returned from a business trip to Nigeria five days ago. Since then, he has developed progressively worsening fevers, headache, nausea, and vomiting. He has lost his appetite and cannot hold down food or water. He did not r... | A: Flavivirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of her short stature. She was born at term, and her birth length was normal. She has not yet attained menarche. Her mother is 162 cm (5 ft 4 in) tall and her father is 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall. She is at the 3rd percentile for height and 40th percentile fo... | D: X-ray of the hand and wrist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old African-American man presents with dyspnea on exertion and bilateral lower leg edema. The patient had a myocardial infarction 2 years ago, in which he developed chronic heart failure. Also, he has type 2 diabetes mellitus. His medications include bisoprolol 20 mg, lisinopril 40 mg, and metformin 2000 mg... | E: Add hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the resting rate of oxygen consumption in the lower limbs of individuals with peripheral vascular disease. The rate of blood flow in a study subject's femoral vessels is measured using Doppler ultrasonography, and blood samples from the femoral vein and femoral artery are obtained. The blo... | A: Lower chloride concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to a pediatrician by his parents for evaluation of learning difficulties in school. He has short stature, a flat face, low-set ears, a large tongue, and a single line on the palm. He was born to his parents after 20 years of marriage. You ordered karyotyping which will likely reveal which ... | C: 47, XY, +21 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents for her annual physical examination. She describes a painless lump in her left breast detected during breast self-examination two weeks ago. She has no previous history of breast lumps and considers herself to be generally healthy. She takes no medication and does not smoke tobacco or dri... | A: Perform an ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy with trisomy 21 arrives for his annual check-up with his pediatrician. His parents explain that over the past week, he has been increasingly withdrawn and lethargic. On examination, lymph nodes appear enlarged around the left side of his neck; otherwise, there are no remarkable findings. The pediatr... | B: Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In large neurons the nucleus can be found a large distance away from the terminal end of its axon. The body has a complex system of intracellular transporters that are able to carry essential proteins from the nucleus to the distal edge of the cell and back. Which of the following proteins are essential for this func... | B: Dynein, Kinesin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of bariatric surgeons are investigating a novel surgically-placed tube that drains a portion of the stomach following each meal. They are interested in studying its efficacy in facilitating weight loss in obese adults with BMIs > 40 kg/m2 who have failed to lose weight through non-surgical options. After rand... | E: Unpaired two-sample t-test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old Caucasian male presents for a routine colonoscopy. A polyp is found in the patient's transverse colon and is found to be cancerous on histological evaluation. Upon examination, it is found that these cancerous cells have decreased MHC class I expression on their surface. Which immune system cell is most... | A: Natural killer cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of headache, fatigue, and nonproductive cough for 1 week. He appears pale. Pulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 9.5 g/dL and an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration. A peripheral blood smear s... | C: Inhibition of peptide translocation at the 50S ribosomal subunit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-hour history of heavy nasal bleeding. He drinks half a bottle of sherry daily. His pulse is 112/min, and blood pressure is 92/54 mm Hg. Physical examination shows scattered ecchymoses across the extremities and oozing from a venipuncture site. Laborat... | C: Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old male smoker dies suddenly in a car accident. He had smoked 2 packs per day for 40 years. His past medical history is notable for a frequent, very productive cough, recurrent respiratory infections and occasional wheezing. He had no other medical problems. At autopsy, which of the following is most likel... | C: Increased number and activity of goblet cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is found unconscious in the park on a bench, early in the morning in January. The temperature outside is -4.0°C (25°F). He is barefoot and is wearing nothing more than sweatpants, a tee-shirt, and a light coat. Upon arrival at the emergency department, his vitals include: heart rate 45/min, blood pr... | D: Frostbite |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl undergoes an emergent appendectomy after presenting to the emergency department with appendicitis. She is given a mixture of nitrous oxide and sevoflurane for induction of anesthesia and intubated for a secure airway during surgery. A few minutes after induction, she is found to have increased end-... | E: Ryanodine receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old male in his first year of college presents to the emergency room with a fever and a severe headache. He reports having unprotected sex with several partners over the past few weeks. Upon examination, the male demonstrates nuchal rigidity and photophobia. His past medical history is notable for a lack o... | A: Positive quellung reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician for a wellness checkup. The girl's past medical history is non-contributory, and she has met all her developmental milestones. Her parents were recently called into the office as the girl was found touching the genitals of one of her classmates. She was trying to inser... | E: Sexual abuse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 59-year-old man comes to the physician with a 6-month history of worsening headaches, difficulty chewing, and progressive hearing loss. Examination shows a mildly tender, 1-cm, hard swelling over the left maxilla. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Serum studies show a calci... | A: Increased activity of nuclear factor-κB |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 24 weeks gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She reports dull aching pain and paresthesia over her left hand during the last few weeks. The pain radiates to her shoulder and is worse at night. Her hand feels numb upon waking up in the morning. She has a si... | D: Median nerve compression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of gradual onset of bilateral ankle swelling over the past month. He also noticed reddish blotches of skin around his ankles. Five weeks ago, he came to the physician with difficulty walking and a resting tremor. He was diagnosed with Parkinson disease and started on m... | B: Amantadine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a fall. He has been seen by the triage nurse but has not been evaluated by a physician. He is heard yelling down the hallway, requesting to speak to “whoever is in charge.” He refuses to talk to the emergency resident and insists on talking to the attendi... | E: Narcissistic personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents with fatigue and joint pain in her fingers and wrists for the last 6 months. She says the pain is present in both hands, and her wrists are also swollen. Furthermore, she describes morning stiffness in her joints lasting about 2 hours, which improves with use. She has been taking acetamin... | B: Celecoxib |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for evaluation of his “weird” behavior. The parents report that their son tortured their cat to death two weeks ago. Over the past year, he has been accused of stealing a car and setting a fire at his school. He has no history of serious illness. He attends... | C: Conduct disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old homeless man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of a red, itchy rash on his hands. He says the itching is worse at night and often wakes him from sleep. Physical examination shows the findings in the photograph. A topical drug with which of the following mechanisms of action i... | A: Binding to sodium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn presents with central cyanosis, nasal flaring, and subcostal retractions following a scheduled cesarean delivery. He was born to a healthy 29-year-old G-1-P-1 mother due to cervical incompetence at 34 weeks gestation; the pregnancy was otherwise uneventful. Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respirat... | A: Gestational diabetes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents with a 4-week menstrual delay. She also complains of irritability, increased somnolence, and occasional nausea. She had her first menarche at the age of 13, and her menstrual cycle became regular at the age of 15. She has been sexually active since the age of 20 but has had the same sexua... | C: Folic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl presents to the pediatrician with her mother, who is concerned about her sexual development. She mentions that she herself experienced the onset of menses at the age of 10.5 years, while her daughter has still not had a menstrual period. However, she is otherwise a healthy girl with no significant... | E: Thelarche |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for follow-up of a severe, unrelenting, productive cough of 2 years duration. The medical history includes type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is well-controlled with insulin. He has a 25-pack-year smoking history and is an active smoker. The blood pressure is 135/... | B: Increased pulmonary arterial resistance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of an itchy rash and a 7-kg (15-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows multiple erythematous plaques on the arms, legs, and chest. There are palpable lymph nodes in the axillary and inguinal areas. A biopsy of a skin lesion shows aggregates of... | C: CD4+ cells with cerebriform nuclei |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old homeless man from New York City comes to the physician with a 2-month history of fever, night sweats, and a cough productive of white sputum. He uses intravenous heroin several times a week. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F) and respirations are 22/min. Physical examination shows coarse crackles in the ... | C: Reactivation of a latent infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman with a history of bipolar disorder and an unknown cardiac arrhythmia presents with palpitations and chest pain. She admits to taking lithium and procainamide regularly, but she ran out of medication 2 weeks ago and has not been able to get refills. Her family history is significant for bipolar dis... | A: Mood stabilizer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe nausea and diarrhea. One day prior to presentation, she went to a new seafood restaurant known for serving exotic fish. For the past day she experienced nausea, diarrhea, weakness, and a tingling sensation in her extremities. In the emergency depart... | B: Prevents depolarization of Na+ channels |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.