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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He reports that he has been compliant with his current antidiabetic medication regimen. His hemoglobin A1c concentration is 8.5%. The physician prescribes a drug that reversibly inhibits a membrane-bound enzyme that hy... | D: Miglitol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by paramedics after being found unresponsive. It is not possible to obtain a history. Her blood pressure is 75/30 mmHg and pulse is 108/min. Her extremities are cool and mottled. She admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further supportive care, where... | C: Blood pressure increases; pulse decreases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department with substernal chest pain for several hours. An ECG shows no abnormalities. Troponin T test results are negative. The patient is admitted to the hospital and treated with intravenous nitroglycerin, with an initial resolutio... | C: Phenylephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of feeling tired during the day. He is concerned as his grades in school have worsened and he does not want to lose his scholarship. Upon further questioning, the patient describes frequently experiencing a dreamlike state before falling asleep and after waking up.... | D: Narcolepsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man presents to a primary care clinic complaining of several months of fatigue and difficulty concentrating at work. He is tired throughout the day and often falls asleep briefly at work. He sleeps for 9 hours per night, falling asleep easily, waking up several times in the middle of the night, and then... | E: Obstructive sleep apnea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man comes to the physician because of a change in his voice. His wife says his voice has progressively become higher pitched, and he has had a 5.4-kg (11.9-lb) weight loss over the past 4 months. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 40 years. Direct laryngoscopy shows an irregular,... | E: 4th arch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman visits her family physician because she has been experiencing difficulty to get her urine stream started in the past 8 months with many occasions needing extra effort to pass the urine. She describes the stream as intermittent and slow, and comments that she needs to go to the restroom again immed... | D: Overflow incontinence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man is brought to the hospital after being found unresponsive in his bed in the morning. He is declared dead on arrival in the emergency room. His wife states that he always had uncontrolled hypertension despite being on multiple medications. An autopsy is performed, and the cause of his death is found ... | E: Raised renin level in the blood |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman comes to the physician with dysphagia and halitosis for several months. She feels food sticking to her throat immediately after swallowing. Occasionally, she regurgitates undigested food hours after eating. She has no history of any serious illness and takes no medications. Her vital signs are wit... | A: Barium swallow with video fluoroscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after falling down a flight of stairs. On arrival, she has shortness of breath, right-sided chest pain, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, and right shoulder pain. She is otherwise healthy. She takes no medications. She appears pale. Her temperat... | D: Liver hematoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the interaction between epithelial cells and calcium ion concentration. When the calcium ion concentration available to a sample of epithelial tissue is decreased, an increased gap between adjacent epithelial cells is seen on electron microscopy. This observed decrease in cell adhesion is ... | B: Cadherin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man with no past medical history is brought in to the trauma bay by ambulance after sustaining a motorcycle crash against a parked car. The patient is alert and oriented with no focal neurologic defects. The patient has a few lower extremity abrasions but is otherwise healthy and is discharged. One week... | A: Alpha toxin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother with complaints of facial puffiness and “frothy” urine for 4 days. The puffiness first started in his eyes and then spread to the face. His mother does not provide any history of similar symptoms in the past. Past medical history is non-significant. His birth hi... | D: Lipoid nephrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old woman presents to the medical clinic 6 days after her boyfriend’s condom broke during sexual intercourse. The patient states “I do not wish to get pregnant at this point in my life.” She has no other medical conditions and takes no prescription medications. Her family history is negative. She is a soci... | C: Copper-IUD |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman is being evaluated for fatigue during a follow-up visit after implantation of a prosthetic aortic valve a month ago. She reports she has been feeling more tired than usual but associates it with her recent surgery. A complete blood count (CBC) reveals a hemoglobin of 9.5 g/L and a reticulocyte per... | B: Schistocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of painful red swelling on her left thigh. Examination shows a 3- x 4-cm, tender, fluctuant mass. Incision and drainage of the abscess are performed. Culture of the abscess fluid grows gram-positive, coagulase-positi... | D: Altered target of the antibiotic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old female with a history of epilepsy becomes pregnant. Her epilepsy has been well controlled by taking a medication that increases sodium channel inactivation. Her obstetrician informs her that her epilepsy medication has been shown to have teratogenic effects. Of the following, which teratogenic effect is... | E: Neural tube defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of a slowly enlarging nodule on the left upper eyelid that has persisted despite treatment with warm compresses. He also reports heaviness of the eyelid and mild blurring of vision in the left eye. Vital signs are within normal limits. Visual acuit... | D: Biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of a severe headache. He developed a sudden-onset severe throbbing headache while watching a football game on television. His past medical history is significant for migraines and hypertension; however, he states that this headache is different from his no... | A: Anterior cerebral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to the clinic with shortness of breath, palpitations, and fatigue. She has had these symptoms over the last several weeks. She had been tolerating these symptoms until last night when she could not fall asleep due to palpitations. She has a past medical history of infective endocarditis 6... | D: 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line on the left side |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of tingling in his hands and legs and palpitations for 1 week. He has also had severe cramping in his hands, feet, and abdomen during this period. Three months ago, he was hospitalized for acute pancreatitis. He discharged himself against medical advice at t... | C: Magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department with dyspnea for 2 days. She is on regular hemodialysis at 3 sessions a week but missed her last session due to an unexpected trip. She has a history of congestive heart failure. After urgent hemodialysis, the patient’s dyspnea does not improve as expected. T... | D: Two patient identifiers at every patient encounter by any healthcare provider |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to the emergency department in a state of confusion and disorientation that started this morning. She is accompanied by her husband who says that she has been unwell for about one week. She has been complaining of fatigue. Her husband says that this morning, she also complained that her u... | D: Decreased ADAMTS13 causing platelet adhesion and formation of microthrombi |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man presents to the clinic with a complaint of increasing shortness of breath for the past 2 years. His shortness of breath is associated with mild chest pain and occasional syncopal attacks during strenuous activity. There is no history of significant illness in the past, however, one of his uncles had... | E: ↑ Mean Arterial Pressure, ↓ Heart rate, ↑ Baroreceptor activity, ↑ Parasympathetic Outflow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician a week after noticing a lump in her left breast. Three months ago, she was discharged from the hospital after treatment of multiple injuries sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Her only medication is an oral contraceptive. Her mother died of ovarian cancer. Examination s... | E: Release of cytoplasmic triglycerides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man comes to the physician because his vision has worsened rapidly over the last 2 months. His maternal uncle lost his vision suddenly over a period of 3 months at 26 years of age. The patient's wife and 1-year-old son have normal vision. Funduscopic examination of the patient shows bilateral circumpapi... | A: 0% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old infant boy (neonate) is brought to the clinic for a check-up by a couple who recently adopted him from foster care. The biological mother was from a rehabilitation facility and was found incompetent to care for the child, hence he was handed over to foster care. No other information is available regardi... | A: Alcohol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department unresponsive. A witness reports that she became anxious, lightheaded, and began sweating and trembling a few minutes before she lost consciousness. Her vitals are as follows: blood pressure 95/60 mm Hg, heart rate 110/min, respiratory rate 21/min, and temperat... | C: Hypoglycemia in this patient is being compensated with an increased glycogenolysis rate. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man was brought in by his wife for progressively worsening memory and bizarre behavior over the past 2 months. The wife reports that he has been sleeping 15 hours a day, but is still complaining of fatigue. He frequently forgets important events such as his son’s graduation and left the stove running 2 ... | D: Specific autoclave sterilization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents with a fever, cough, and cold symptoms that began 7 days ago. He has been complaining of right ear pain for the last 2 days. He is otherwise a completely healthy child with no known medical conditions. On physical examination, the temperature is 39.0°C (1... | E: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old nurse starts to feel ill during his evening shift. Earlier this evening, he started his shift in his normal state of health. Past medical history is significant for multiple admissions to the hospital under strange circumstances. One time he presented to the emergency department complaining of severe ab... | C: Normal c-peptide levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-month history of cough productive of small amounts of blood-tinged sputum. During this time, he has also developed fatigue, myalgia, and shortness of breath on exertion. He has had a 4-lb (2-kg) weight loss over the past 2 months. He has no personal h... | D: Myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old male is given acetazolamide to treat open-angle glaucoma. Upon diuresis, his urine is found to be highly alkaline. Which of the following accounts for the alkaline nature of this patient’s urine?? {'A': 'Inhibition of chlorine reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle', 'B': 'Inhibition of chlor... | D: Inhibition of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle collision. He is not responsive to verbal commands and is unable to provide any history. His pulse is 108/min and regular. Physical examination shows ecchymoses over the neck and back. Neurological examination indicates damage... | E: T6 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-day-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of difficulty feeding and lethargy for 1 day. She had jaundice after birth and was scheduled for a follow-up visit the next day. Her hemoglobin is 18.5 g/dL, total bilirubin is 38.1 mg/dL, and direct bilirubin is 0.1 mg/dL. Despite appropriate measure... | D: Impaired glucuronidation of bilirubin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man with a known angina pectoris starts to experience a severe burning retrosternal pain that radiates to his left hand. After 2 consecutive doses of sublingual nitroglycerin taken 5 minutes apart, there is no improvement in his symptoms, and the patient calls an ambulance. Emergency medical service arr... | D: Administer aspirin 325 mg and transport to percutaneous coronary intervention center |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman who is 24-weeks pregnant presents to the emergency department with fever, painful urination, and headache. The patient's blood pressure is 111/67 mm Hg, the pulse is 95/min, the respiratory rate is 16/min, and the temperature is 38.3°C (101.1°F). Physical examination reveals bilateral tender ingui... | C: Vesicle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of shortness of breath and dry cough for 2 days. His symptoms began after he helped his father clean the basement. He is allergic to shellfish. Respirations are 26/min. Physical examination shows diffuse end-expiratory wheezing and decreased inspiratory... | E: Terminal bronchioles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man presents to the doctor's office for advice on improving his health. He admits to eating mostly junk food, and he knows that he should lose some weight. His daily physical activity is limited to walking around the college campus between classes. Except for an occasional headache for which he takes ac... | A: Weight reduction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of chest pain and an episode of vomiting. He also complains of ongoing nausea and heavy sweating (diaphoresis). He denies having experienced such symptoms before and is quite upset. Medical history is significant for hypertension and types 2 dia... | A: Right coronary artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3400-g (7 lb 8 oz) female newborn is delivered at 40 weeks' gestation. Physical examination shows pale skin, blonde hair, and blue irides. Her parents are from Haiti and express concern regarding the newborn's appearance. The most likely cause of this newborn's condition is a defect in which of the following proces... | B: Oxidation of dihydroxyphenylalanine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman with a known past medical history significant for hypertension presents for a second opinion of a left breast lesion. The lesions were characterized as eczema by the patient’s primary care physician and improved briefly after a trial of topical steroids. However, the patient is concerned that the ... | B: Punch biopsy of the nipple, followed by bilateral mammography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician with his wife because they have been unable to conceive. They have had regular unprotected sex for the past 18 months without using contraception. His wife has been tested and is fertile. The patient began puberty at the age of 13 years. He has been healthy except for an infec... | A: Anabolic steroid use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents with fever and acute onset chest pain for the past 12 hours. She describes the pain as severe, sharp and stabbing in character, and localized to the retrosternal area. She also says the pain is worse when she breathes deeply or coughs. Past medical history is significant for recently diag... | A: Serous pericarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 64-year-old man comes to the physician 3 days after noticing a lump in his right groin while he was bathing. He has no history of trauma to the region. He has hypercholesterolemia and hypertension treated with atorvastatin and labetalol. He has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 35 years. His... | E: Femoral artery aneurysm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of a 2-day history of poor feeding and lethargy. He was born at term and has had three episodes of bilateral otitis media since birth. Umbilical cord separation occurred at the age of 8 weeks. He is at the 30th percentile for height and 20th percent... | A: Defective beta-2 integrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37‐year‐old woman presents with a severe, deep, sharp pain in her right hand and forearm. A week before she presented her pain symptoms, she fell on her right forearm and developed mild bruising. She has type-1 diabetes mellitus and is on an insulin treatment. The physical examination reveals that her right hand an... | C: Complex regional pain syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with a history of repeated hospitalization for chronic pancreatitis comes to the physician because of difficulty walking and standing steadily. Neurological examination shows an unsteady, broad-based gait, distal muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and an abnormal Romberg test. His hemo... | A: Tocopherol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being stabbed in the chest during a fight. He has no other injuries. His pulse is 120/min, blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, and respirations are 22/min. Examination shows a 4-cm deep, straight stab wound in the 4th intercostal space 2 cm medial ... | A: Pectoral fascia, transversus thoracis muscle, right lung |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of progressively worsening shortness of breath with exertion. He was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis 5 years ago. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows puffy, taut skin over the fingers. Pulmonary examination is unremar... | E: Enhanced activity of nitric oxide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male presents to the emergency department because of several days of back pain and fatigue. He is a college student who just returned from a study abroad program in Morocco. During his final week abroad he engaged in a number of recreational activities including swimming at the beach, eating local foods... | A: Absent urine bilirubin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents with acute abdominal pain. Past medical history is significant for hepatitis C, complicated by multiple recent visits with associated ascites. His temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F), heart rate is 115/min, blood pressure is 88/48 mm Hg, and respiratory rate is 16/min. On physical examination, ... | C: Intravenous cefotaxime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old woman is accompanied by her family for a routine visit to her primary care provider. The family states that 5 months prior, the patient had a stroke and is currently undergoing physical therapy. Today, her temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 112/72 mmHg, pulse is 64/min, and respirations a... | D: Intention tremor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the primary care clinic for evaluation of progressive fatigue and weight loss. His past medical history is significant for hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, aortic stenosis, and chronic renal insufficiency. He endorses being well-rested after waking from sleep but fatiguing... | B: Cladribine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female presents to her first gynecology visit. She states that six months ago, she tried to have sexual intercourse but experienced severe pain in her genital region when penetration was attempted. This has continued until now, and she has been unable to have intercourse with her partner. The pain is no... | C: Generalized anxiety disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of fatigue, abdominal distension, and swelling of both legs for the last 3 weeks. His wife says that he lost some weight recently. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 12 years, for which he takes metformin and sitagliptin. He has a history of Hodgkin’... | C: Pericardiectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of an animal bite. He was hiking earlier that day when he was bitten by a raccoon. He says the attack was unprovoked and the animal ran away after the encounter. He was bitten by a stray dog when he was 11 years old and received postexposure prop... | E: Rabies vaccination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman with no significant past medical history is brought in by ambulance after a major motor vehicle collision. Temperature is 97.8 deg F (36.5 deg C), blood pressure is 76/40, pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 12/min. She arouses to painful stimuli and makes incomprehensible sounds, but is unable... | D: Administer blood products |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine physical examination. He feels well. He has no history of major medical illness and takes no medications. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies, including a complete blood count and a standard electrolyte... | C: No changes needed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman, G1P0, presents to her OB/GYN for her annual examination with complaints of painful cramps, abdominal pressure, and bloating with her cycle. She reports that she has not menstruated since her missed abortion requiring dilatation and curettage (D&C) seven months ago. She is sexually active with her... | D: Asherman syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to the clinic for postmenopausal bleeding for the past month. She reports that the bleeding often occurs after intercourse with her husband. The patient denies fever, weight loss, chills, chest pain, abdominal pain, or shortness of breath but endorses mild dyspareunia and vaginal discharg... | B: Metastasis of cervical cancer via direct extension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. His only medication is metformin. He has tried to lose weight for several years without success. He is 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) tall and weighs 110 kg (243 lb); BMI is 39 kg/m2. His hemoglobin A1c is 8.5%. Which of the follo... | C: Liraglutide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the emergency department (ED) complaining of palpitations and lightheadedness for the last 30 minutes. He denies feeling pain or discomfort in his chest and is not short of breath. He does not have any known medical problems and does not take any medications regularly. He drinks 4–6 caff... | A: Verapamil slows atrioventricular conduction more effectively than nifedipine. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room by her family with complaints of confusion and change in behavior. Her family states that over the last 2 weeks, the patient has become increasingly irritable and confusion as well as aggressive toward strangers. In addition to her altered mental status, her family... | E: Serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old boy is evaluated in the nursery for minimal movement in his left upper limb. He was born at 41 weeks gestation by an assisted forceps-vaginal delivery to a 42-year-old obese woman. Birth weight was 4.4 kg (9.7 lb). The mother had 4 previous vaginal deliveries, all requiring forceps. Examinations of the le... | C: Triceps |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In an experimental model, a compound is centrally administered to mice. Following administration, the mice display increased desire for food and increased appetite. The administered compound is most likely similar to which of the following?? {'A': 'Leptin', 'B': 'Neuropeptide-Y', 'C': 'Peptide YY', 'D': 'Glucagon-lik... | B: Neuropeptide-Y |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents to your clinic complaining of excessive thirst and frequent urination for the past few months. Urine testing reveals a low urine osmolarity, which fails to increase after subjecting the patient to a water deprivation test and injection of desmopressin. Further into the encounter, the patien... | B: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 32 weeks' gestation is evaluated for vaginal bleeding. Five days ago, she was admitted to the hospital and started on treatment for a deep vein thrombosis in the right leg. Her pulse is 125/min and blood pressure is 95/67 mm Hg. Physical examination shows large hematomas on ... | A: Protamine sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week old newborn is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination after the initial newborn examination showed asymmetry of the legs. She was born at term to a 26-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2. Pregnancy was complicated by a breech presentation and treated with an emergency lower segment transverse ces... | E: Treat using a harness |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of not being able to get enough rest at night. He goes to bed early enough and has otherwise good sleep hygiene but feels drained the next day. He feels he is unable to perform optimally at work, but he is still a valued employee and able to complete... | A: Symptoms will wax and wane but may persist for 6-12 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man visits the office with complaints of pain in his lower limb muscles and joints. He cannot remember exactly when it started, but it intensified after his recent hiking trip. He is a hiking enthusiast and mentions having gone on a recent trekking expedition in Connecticut. He does not recall any parti... | C: Start doxycycline therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his brother for the evaluation of progressive confusion over the past 6 hours. The patient is lethargic and unable to answer questions. His brother states that there is no personal or family history of serious illness. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse... | E: Antihistamine " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy, otherwise healthy, presents with frequent nosebleeds and lower extremity bruising. His mother reports that his symptoms started about 2 weeks ago and have not improved. The patient received the Tdap vaccine 2 weeks ago. He has no current medications. The review of systems is significant for the pat... | C: IgG autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old male with a past medical history of diabetes type II, obesity, and hyperlipidemia presents to the general medical clinic with bilateral hearing loss. He also reports new onset vertigo and ataxia. The symptoms started a day after undergoing an uncomplicated cholecystectomy. If a drug given prophylactical... | A: Inhibition of the formation of the translation initiation complex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance because she was unable to walk. She says that she cut her leg while falling about a week ago. Since then, the wound has started draining fluid and become progressively more painful. She is found to have necrotizing fasciitis and is taken emergen... | B: Condensation of DNA into a basophilic mass |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of fever, malaise, and a painful, itchy rash on the right shoulder for 2 weeks. The patient's mother says the boy's condition has worsened over the past 4 days. He has a history of atopic dermatitis. He has lived with his mother at several public shelters since sh... | D: Eczema herpeticum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea for the last 3 weeks. He complains of shortness of breath while lying flat and reports nighttime awakenings due to shortness of breath for the same duration. The patient has been a smoker for the last 30 years. Past medical history is sig... | D: Intravenous diuretics |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police. The patient was found intoxicated at a local bar. The patient is combative and smells of alcohol. The patient has a past medical history of alcoholism, IV drug use, and schizophrenia. His current medications include IM haloperidol and ibuprofen. The ... | C: Mucosal tear at the gastroesophageal junction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man volunteers for a research study on lung function. He has no history of lung disease or allergies and does not smoke. His pulmonary blood flow is measured in the various labeled segments of the lungs while standing. Then the volunteer, still standing, is given very low continuous positive airway pres... | A: Reduced blood flow in zone 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician because she is significantly shorter than her classmates. Her mother notes that she has had thick, oral secretions for the past several months, along with a chronic cough. Her exam is notable for clubbed fingernails. Her pediatrician sends a genetic test for a transme... | B: In-frame mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought by his parents to his pediatrician’s office. His mother mentions that the child has been producing an increased number of foul stools recently. His mother says that over the past year, he has had 1 or 2 foul-smelling stools per month. Lately, however, the stools are looser, more frequent, ... | E: Chromosome 7 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old female presents to the emergency room complaining of headaches and palpitations. She reports that she initially started experiencing these symptoms several months prior but attributed them to stress at work. The symptoms occur episodically. Her family history is notable for medullary thyroid cancer and ... | A: Phenoxybenzamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A patient is receiving daily administrations of Compound X. Compound X is freely filtered in the glomeruli and undergoes net secretion in the renal tubules. The majority of this tubular secretion occurs in the distal convoluted tubule. Additional information regarding this patient’s renal function and the renal proce... | C: 2 mg/mL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman with a history of type I diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness for the past day. Her temperature is 98.3°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 114/74 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, respirations are 27/min, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. Physical ... | C: Normal saline and potassium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up visit. Serum studies show: AST 134 U/L ALT 152 U/L Hepatitis B surface antigen Positive A photomicrograph of the microscopic findings of a liver biopsy is shown. These biopsy findings are most characteristic of which of the following types of inflammatory react... | E: Chronic inflammation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-day-old male infant presents to the pediatrician for weight loss. There is no history of excessive crying, irritability, lethargy, or feeding difficulty. The parents deny any history of fast breathing, bluish discoloration of lips/nails, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or seizures. He was born at full term by vaginal ... | A: Reassurance of parents |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old teenager presents to his pediatrician complaining of burning with urination and purulent urethral discharge. He states that he has had unprotected sex with his girlfriend several times and recently she told him that she has gonorrhea. His blood pressure is 119/78 mm Hg, pulse is 85/min, respiratory rate... | C: Maintain confidentiality and treat the patient. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because he has had a fever, diffuse joint pain, and a rash on his abdomen for the past week. Acetaminophen did not improve his symptoms. He emigrated from China with his family 2 years ago. He attends daycare. His immunization records are ... | A: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 30-minute history of palpitations, dizziness, and chest discomfort. She has also not urinated since she woke up. She has a history of fibromyalgia treated with clomipramine. There is no family history of serious illness. She does not smoke or dri... | D: Sodium bicarbonate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn female is found to have ambiguous genitalia and hypotension. Laboratory workup reveals hyperkalemia, hyperreninemia, and elevated levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the patient's urine. Which of the following enzymes would you expect to be deficient in this patient?? {'A': 'Angiotensin II', 'B': 'DHT', 'C'... | D: 21-hydroxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of itching of both legs. She also has swelling and dull pain that are worse at the end of the day and are more severe in her right leg. She has hyperthyroidism, asthma, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four years ago, she had basal cell carcinoma of... | B: Venous valve incompetence |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One hour after undergoing an uncomplicated laparoscopic appendectomy, a 22-year-old man develops agitation and restlessness. He also has tremors, diffuse sweating, headache, and nausea with dry heaves. One liter of lactated ringer's was administered during the surgery and he had a blood loss of approximately 100 mL. ... | B: Administer intravenous lorazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of palpitations and loose stools. She has had a 2.3-kg (5-lb) weight loss over the past month. She has had no change in appetite. She has no history of serious illness. She works in accounting and has been under more stress than usual lately. She ... | D: Toxic adenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She has not had regular prenatal care. Her most recent ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation confirmed accurate fetal dates and appropriate fetal development. She takes levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. She used ... | C: Hepatitis A vaccination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of involuntary leakage of urine for the past 4 months, which she has experienced when bicycling to work and when laughing. She has not had any dysuria or urinary urgency. She has 4 children that were all delivered vaginally. She is otherwise healthy and takes no medi... | E: S3–S4 nerve roots |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to the urgent care center with a blood pressure of 201/111 mm Hg. He is complaining of a severe headache and chest pain. Physical examination reveals regular heart sounds and clear bilateral lung sounds. Ischemic changes are noted on his electrocardiogram (ECG). What is the most appropriate... | E: IV labetalol - lower mean arterial pressure no more than 25% over the 1st hour |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A large pharmaceutical company is seeking healthy volunteers to participate in a drug trial. The drug is excreted in the urine, and the volunteers must agree to laboratory testing before enrolling in the trial. The laboratory results of one volunteer are shown below: Serum glucose (random) 148 mg/dL Sodium 140 mEq/L ... | B: Glucose: 0 mg/dL, Sodium: 0.25 mL/min, Creatinine: 100 mg/dL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman complains of intermittent diffuse abdominal pain that becomes worse after eating meals and several episodes of diarrhea, the last of which was bloody. These symptoms have been present for the previous 6 months but have worsened recently. She has had significant weight loss since the onset of sympt... | B: Ischemic bowel disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 29-year-old woman comes to the doctor because of recurrent episodes of bleeding from the nose and gums during the past week. These episodes occur spontaneously and resolve with compression. She also had 1 episode of blood in the urine 2 days ago. Examination shows punctate, nonblanching, reddish macules ove... | D: Megakaryocyte hyperplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of worsening fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Six weeks ago, he was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis and appropriate low-dose pharmacotherapy was initiated. Physical examination shows right upper quadrant tenderness and scleral icterus. L... | E: Acetylation |
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