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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of a 2-day history of right testicular pain. At the age of 6 months, he was treated for hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Physical examination shows a rubbery, large right testicle. Orchidectomy is performed. A photomicrograph of a section of the mass is shown... | E: Increased glandular breast tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man with a past medical history significant only for moderate facial acne and mild asthma presents to his primary care physician with a new rash. He notes it has developed primarily over the backs of his elbows and is itchy. He also reports a 6-month history of foul-smelling diarrhea. He has no signific... | D: Celiac disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the effect of hypothalamic lesions on rat behavior and development. She has developed a novel genetic engineering technology that allows her to induce specific mutations in rat embryos that interfere with rat CNS development. She creates several lines of mice with mutations in only one region... | A: Lateral hypothalamus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician for intermittent fevers and painful swelling of the left ankle for 2 weeks. She has no history of trauma to the ankle. She has a history of sickle cell disease. Current medications include hydroxyurea and acetaminophen for pain. Her temperature is 38.4°C (101.2°F) and pul... | C: Salmonella enterica |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Six months ago, she was diagnosed with overactive bladder syndrome and began treatment with oxybutynin. She continues to have involuntary loss of urine with sudden episodes of significant bladder discomfort that is only relieved by voiding. A sub... | E: Gram-positive, spore-forming rod |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old Caucasian man presents to the physician because of the swelling and discomfort of the right testis for 3 weeks. There is no history of trauma, fever, or night sweats. He had surgery for an undescended right testis when he was 6 months old. There is no history of liver disease or hypogonadism. He has fat... | A: Embryonal carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man undergoes a cystoscopy for the evaluation of macroscopic hematuria. During the procedure, an opening covered with a mucosal flap is visualized at the base of the trigone. Which of the following best describes this structure?? {'A': 'Internal urethral orifice', 'B': 'Ejaculatory duct opening', 'C': '... | C: Ureteric orifice |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents to her physician with a newly detected pregnancy for the initial prenatal care visit. She is gravida 3 para 2 with a history of preeclampsia in her 1st pregnancy. Her history is also significant for arterial hypertension diagnosed 1 year ago for which she did not take any medications. The... | E: No medications needed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman with a history of migraines presents to your office due to sudden loss of vision in her left eye and difficulty speaking. Two weeks ago she experienced muscle aches, fever, and cough. Her muscle aches are improving but she continues to have a cough. She also feels as though she has been more tired... | C: Natalizumab |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of diarrhea for the past week. She mentions intense fatigue and intermittent, cramping abdominal pain. She has not noticed any blood in her stool. She recalls an episode of pneumonia last month for which she was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics. She has ... | C: Peptic ulcer disease treated with esomeprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old male presents to a local clinic with a complaint of a stiff neck. The patient is known to be sporadic with follow-up appointments but was last seen recently for a regular depot injection. He initially presented with complaints of paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations that lasted for 7 months an... | D: Haloperidol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with a presumed pneumonia and started on antibiotics. Two days later, the patient shows no improvement. Blood cultures reveal yeast with pseudophyphae. Which of the following cell types is most likely deficient or dysfunctional in this patient?? {'A': 'T-cells', 'B': 'B-c... | C: Neutrophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to his primary care physician after experiencing intense nausea and vomiting yesterday. He states that he ran a 15-kilometer race in the morning and felt well while resting in a hammock afterward. However, when he rose from the hammock, he experienced two episodes of emesis accompanied by a... | A: Particle repositioning maneuver |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because she is unable to conceive for 3 years. She and her partner are sexually active and do not use contraception. They were partially assessed for this complaint 6 months ago. Analysis of her husband's semen has shown normal sperm counts and hormonal assays for both partn... | D: Hysterosalpingogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man presents to the emergency room because of worsening breathlessness that began overnight. He was diagnosed with asthma 3 years ago and has been using albuterol and steroid inhalers. He does not have a prior history of cardiac disease or other respiratory diseases. The man is a retired insurance agent... | A: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever, malaise, chills, and a cough productive of moderate amounts of yellow-colored sputum. Over the past 2 days, she has also had right-sided chest pain that is exacerbated by deep inspiration. Four months ago, she was diagnosed with a urinary... | B: Outpatient treatment with oral doxycycline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He has had multiple falls while walking and running for the past 4 months. He used to be able to climb stairs independently but now requires assistance. He started speaking in 2-word sentences at 2 years of age. He is at the 50th percentile fo... | E: Frameshift mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of bloating and fatigue over the past year. On examination, she has abdominal distension and ascites. Abdominal imaging reveals a mass-like lesion affecting the left ovary. A biopsy of the lesion demonstrates serous cystadenocarcinoma. She is sub... | E: Peripheral neuropathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to an STD clinic complaining of a painful lesion at the end of his penis. The patient says it started as a tiny red bump and grew over several days. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. He has had several sexual partners in the past few months. At the clinic, his... | B: Chancroid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presents with 1 week of fever, unremitting headache and hip and shoulder stiffness. She denies any vision changes. Physical examination is remarkable for right scalp tenderness and range of motion is limited due to pain and stiffness. Neurological testing i... | D: Start oral prednisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue, weight loss, and multiple painless swellings on his neck and axilla. He reports that his swellings become painful after he drinks alcohol. Physical examination shows nontender cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy s... | A: Hodgkin lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old male presents to his primary care provider with a two-week history of low back pain and left leg pain. He reports that his symptoms started while he was working at his job as a construction worker. He has since experienced intermittent achy pain over his lumbar spine. He has also noticed pain radiating ... | C: Anterior compartment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents for a routine check-up. He has a past medical history of rheumatic fever. The patient is afebrile, and the vital signs are within normal limits. Cardiac examination reveals a late systolic crescendo murmur with a mid-systolic click, best heard over the apex and loudest just before S2. Which... | E: Standing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of blurred vision for the past 2 months. During this period, she has also had difficulty chewing and swallowing. She reports that her symptoms worsen throughout the day and improve with rest. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. The patient work... | D: CT scan of the chest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after undergoing outpatient percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement in the right coronary artery, a 60-year-old woman has left-sided painful facial swelling. The pain is worse while chewing. The patient has hypertension and coronary artery disease. Her current medications include enalapril,... | D: Administer nafcillin and metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old male presents to an urgent care clinic with the complaints of pain in his joints and recurrent headaches for a month. He is also currently concerned about sweating excessively even at room temperature. His wife, who is accompanying him, adds that his facial appearance has changed over the past few years... | D: Elevated insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) and growth hormone (GH) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation presents to his cardiologist’s office for a follow-up visit. He recently started treatment with an anti-arrhythmic drug to prevent future recurrences and reports that he has been feeling well and has no complaints. The physical examination shows that the arrhyth... | D: Sotalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to the emergency room with a chief complaint of constipation. His history is also significant for weakness, a dry cough, weight loss, recurrent kidney stones, and changes in his mood. He has a 30 pack-year history of smoking. A chest x-ray reveals a lung mass. Labs reveal a calcium of 14. W... | D: Administer intravenous fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with a 2-day history of severe fatigue. His parents say that he has no past medical history, but caught an illness that was going around his school 1 week ago. While ill, he had several days of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. His family histor... | D: Schistocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician in October for her first prenatal visit. She has delayed the visit because she wanted a “natural birth” but was recently convinced to get a checkup after feeling more tired than usual. She feels well. Menarche was at the age of 12 years and menses used to occur a... | A: Tdap and influenza |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old male comes into the psychiatric clinic complaining of consistent sadness. He endorses feelings of worthlessness, anxiety, and anhedonia for the past couple months but denies feeling suicidal. He further denies of any past episodes of feeling overly energetic with racing thoughts. Confident of the diagno... | C: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; anorgasmia, insomnia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought in to a psychiatrist's office by his mother for increasingly concerning erratic behavior. Her son has recently entered a new relationship, and he constantly voices beliefs that his girlfriend is cheating on him. He ended his last relationship after voicing the same beliefs about his last ... | D: Schizophrenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being involved in a motor vehicle collision in which he was a restrained passenger. The patient is confused. His pulse is 140/min and blood pressure is 85/60 mm Hg. Examination shows a hand-sized hematoma on the anterior chest wall. An ECG show... | B: Aortic isthmus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of constipation and left lower abdominal discomfort. She says the pain usually gets worse after meals, which is felt as a dull pain. Her past medical history is positive for gastroesophageal reflux disease, for which she takes omeprazole. Ther... | B: Abdominal CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man with a lengthy history of angina is brought to the emergency department after the acute onset of severe chest pain that started 40 minutes ago. Unlike previous episodes of chest pain, this one is unresponsive to nitroglycerin. His medical history is significant for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mell... | C: White scar tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The principal investigators of both studies recently met at a rheumatology conference. They both expressed an interest in combining data from their individual studies to be analyzed in a single study. A third researcher at the conference, who conducted her own project on the same topic recently, has also indicated sh... | A: The results are more precise in comparison to individual studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old G4P0A3 woman presents at the prenatal diagnostic center at 18 weeks of gestation for the scheduled fetal anomaly scan. The patient's past medical history reveals spontaneous abortions. She reports that her 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pregnancy losses occurred at 8, 10, and 12 weeks of gestation, respectively. Ult... | E: 45 X0 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying patients with neuromuscular weakness and discovers a mutation in a plasma membrane ion channel. She thinks that this mutation may have an effect on the dynamics of action potentials so she investigates its effect in an isolated neuronal membrane. She finds that the ion channel has no effect wh... | A: Decreased action potential amplitude |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old lacrosse player comes to the doctor for an annual health assessment. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She is 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 57 kg (125 lb); BMI is 22 kg/m2. Pulmonary function tests show an FEV1 of 90% and an FVC of 3600 mL. Whole body plethysmography is performed to measure airw... | C: Segmental bronchi |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man undergoes successful mechanical prosthetic aortic valve replacement for severe aortic valve stenosis. After the procedure, he is started on an oral medication and instructed that he should take for the rest of his life and that he should avoid consuming large amounts of dark-green, leafy vegetables.... | E: Prothrombin time " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old female presents with pain in both hands and wrists for the past several years. It is associated with morning stiffness that lasts for almost an hour. Physical examination reveals tenderness and swelling in both hands and wrists, most severe over the proximal interphalangeal joints. Laboratory investigat... | E: Type III hypersensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old African American boy is brought to the emergency room due to a severely painful penile erection for the past 5 hours. He was attending a class at his school when his penis became spontaneously tumescent. A complete blood count and a cavernous blood gas analysis showed the following: Hemoglobin (Hb) 11.5... | A: Sickle cell disease (SCD) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old female is brought to the emergency department after being found unresponsive in her garage with an open bottle of unmarked fluid. She is confused and is unable to answer questions on arrival. Her medical history is significant for Alzheimer disease, but her family says she has no medical comorbidities. ... | D: Curve D |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought the his primary care physician for persistent failure to thrive. He has not been meeting normal motor developmental milestones. Further questioning reveals a family history of congenital kidney disorders, although the parents do not know details. Based on clinical suspicion a panel of lab ... | B: Furosemide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old Caucasian man presents to your office for initial evaluation as he has recently moved to your community and has become your patient. He has no significant past medical history and has not seen a physician in over 10 years. He takes no medications and denies having any allergies. He has been a smoker for... | B: Prescribe lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Multiple patients present to your office with hematuria following an outbreak of Group A Streptococcus. Biopsy reveals that all of the patients have the same disease, characterized by large, hypercellular glomeruli with neutrophil infiltration. Which patient has the best prognosis?? {'A': '65-year-old nulliparous wom... | C: 8-year-old boy who undergoes no treatment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman with a longstanding history of gastroesophageal reflux presents for follow-up evaluation of endoscopically confirmed gastric and duodenal ulcers. Her symptoms have been unresponsive to proton pump inhibitors and histamine receptor antagonists in the past. Results for H. pylori infection are still ... | C: Hyperplasia of submucosal bicarbonate-secreting glands |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man with hyperlipidemia comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. His home medications include acetaminophen and atorvastatin. Serum studies show elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. A drug that activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is added to h... | B: Reddish-brown discoloration of urine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of weakness of his left leg for the past hour. He was unable to get out of bed that morning. His pants are soaked with urine. He has hypertension and coronary artery disease. Current medications include enalapril, carvedilol, aspirin, and simvastatin. H... | B: Right anterior cerebral artery occlusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old premature newborn presents with petechiae and persistent subcutaneous bruising. No additional complications during delivery. His vitals include: heart rate 180/min, respiratory rate 54/min, temperature 35.9°C (96.6°F), and blood pressure 60/30 mm Hg. On physical examination, there are dullness to percussi... | A: Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to the office for evaluation of a ‘weird rash’ that appeared over his torso last week. The patient states that the rash just seemed to appear, but denies itching, pain, or exposure. On physical examination, the patient has multiple light brown-colored flat plaques on the torso. They appear ... | D: Gastric adenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of recurrent nose bleeds that occur with light trauma or at random times during the day. Over the past 6 months, the patient has felt weak and fatigued and has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss. He has poor appetite and describes abdominal discomfort. He does not have ni... | E: Cladribine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician with a 9-month history of cough and progressive dyspnea. The cough is usually worse in the mornings. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 30 years. Pulmonary examination shows diffuse wheezing during expiration. Spirometry shows a FEV1:FVC ratio of 45%. An x-ray of ... | E: Neutrophil cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A sexually active 37-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 7-day history of itching in the area of his genitals. He also reports burning on micturition. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is well controlled with oral metformin. Pelvic examination shows tender, atrophic white papules on the glans and pr... | D: Biopsy of the lesion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he was found in a stuporous state with a small cut on his forehead on a cold night in front of his apartment. Non-contrast head CT is normal, and he is monitored in the emergency department. Twelve hours later, he yells for help because he hears the wallp... | A: Alcoholic hallucinosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female presents to the gynecologist with a primary concern of infertility. She has been unable to become pregnant over the last 16 months despite consistently trying with her husband. She has not used any form of contraception during this time and her husband has had a normal semen analysis. She has nev... | B: Chlamydia serovars D-K |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction status post coronary artery bypass grafting and a 60-pack-year history of smoking is found deceased in his apartment after not returning calls to his family for the last 2 days. The man was last known to be alive 3 days ago, when his neighbor saw him getting h... | E: Uniform binding of acidophilic dyes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old female suffers a traumatic brain injury while skiing in a remote area. Upon her arrival to the ER, she is severely hypoxemic and not responsive to O2 therapy. She is started on a mechanical ventilator and 2 days later upon auscultation, you note late inspiratory crackles. Which of the following is most ... | E: Left atrial pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old female with a history of hypertension and asthma presents to her primary care physician for a health maintenance visit. She states that she has no current complaints and generally feels very healthy. The physician obtains routine blood work, which demonstrates elevated transaminases. The physician shoul... | E: Smoking history |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is being evaluated for failure to thrive and bad performance at school. He has a history of microcytic anemia and takes a multivitamin every morning with breakfast. An electrophoresis analysis shows no adult hemoglobin (HbA), elevated hemoglobin adult type 2 (HbA2), and normal fetal hemoglobin (HbF)... | D: β-thal major |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old male is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the upper lobe of his right lung. A chest radiograph can be seen in image A. Which of the following would you most expect to find in this patient?? {'A': 'Polydipsia', 'B': 'Digital clubbing', 'C': 'Superior vena cava syndrome', 'D': 'Anisocoria', 'E': '... | D: Anisocoria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination after the removal of a tooth. During the procedure, he had prolonged bleeding that did not resolve with pressure and gauze packing and eventually required suture placement. His older brother had a similar episode a year ago, but his parents and ... | A: Factor VIII |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman with a known history of malabsorption presents with a painful red tongue, red eyes, and cracked lips. She says her symptoms gradually onset 4 months ago after moving away from home for college. She also complains of photophobia, spontaneous lacrimation, and itchy dermatitis. Past medical history i... | D: Measurement of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of pain in his mouth and throat and difficulty swallowing. He has a history of COPD, for which he takes theophylline and inhaled budesonide-formoterol. Physical examination shows white patches on the tongue and buccal mucosa that can be scraped off e... | A: Fluconazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician for follow-up after a measurement of elevated blood pressure at her last visit three months ago. She works as a high school teacher at a local school. She says that she mostly eats cafeteria food and take-out. She denies any regular physical activity. She does not smoke or u... | A: Losing 15 kg (33 lb) of body weight |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of tremor, diarrhea, and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss. Her pulse is 110/min. Examination shows protrusion of the eyeball when looking forward. A bruit is heard over the anterior neck on auscultation. Serum studies show autoantibodies to the thyroid... | A: Transmembrane carrier |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents with “yellowing” of the skin. He says he has been having intermittent upper abdominal pain, which is relieved by Tylenol. He also recalls that he has lost some weight over the past several months but can not quantify the amount. His past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes me... | D: CA 19-9 is a marker for this condition. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of blurry vision for 10 hours. She has also had urinary urgency and discomfort while urinating for the past 4 days. She has been feeling increasingly weak and nauseous since yesterday. She has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension... | D: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old Caucasian male presents with his father to the pediatrician’s office complaining of left lower thigh pain. He reports slowly progressive pain over the distal aspect of his left thigh over the past three months. He denies any recent trauma to the area. His temperature is 100.9°F (38.3°C). On exam, there ... | E: Bone marrow suppression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy presents to the pediatric emergency department for knee pain. The child fell while riding his skateboard yesterday. He claims that ever since then he has had swelling and knee pain that is severe. His parents state that he has trouble walking due to the pain. The child has a past medical history of s... | B: Arthrocentesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for memory difficulty. She states that for the past couple months she has had trouble with her memory including forgetting simple things like bills she needs to pay or locking doors. She was previously fully functional and did not make these types of mistakes... | B: Depression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for evaluation of mild acne. Six months ago, the girl developed papules over her back and shoulders. Her mother reports that her daughter has only been wearing clothes that cover her complete back and shoulders recently and that she spends a lot of time che... | E: Cognitive-behavioral therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old baby boy presents to his pediatrician for the evaluation of recurrent bacterial infections. He is currently well but has already been hospitalized multiple times due to his bacterial infections. His blood pressure is 103/67 mm Hg and heart rate is 74/min. Physical examination reveals light-colored skin ... | A: Chediak-Higashi syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with new onset seizures. After controlling the seizures with fosphenytoin loading, a history is obtained that reveals mild hypotonia and developmental delay since birth. There is also a history of a genetic biochemical disorder on the maternal side but the family ... | D: Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man presents to his oncologist with nausea. He recently underwent chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and has developed severe intractable nausea over the past week. He vomits several times a day. His past medical history is notable for gout, osteoarthritis, and major depressive disorder. He takes allopu... | A: 5-HT3 receptor antagonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodic retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breath for the past 6 months. His symptoms occur when he takes long walks or climbs stairs but resolve promptly with rest. He has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for which he takes ipratropium bro... | C: Labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician for a follow-up visit. Two days ago, he had a routine health maintenance examination that showed 3+ proteinuria on urine dipstick testing. During the initial routine examination, the patient reported feeling well, apart from being exhausted from his day at work. He had an uppe... | A: Standing for long periods of time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old farmer from Ohio seeks evaluation at a clinic with complaints of a chronic cough, fevers, and anorexia of several months duration. On examination, he has generalized lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly. A chest radiograph reveals local infiltrates and patchy opacities involving all lung fields. Fine... | B: Histoplasmosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old woman presents with a transient episode of right arm and hand weakness that resolved in approximately one hour. Her symptoms started while she was gardening. Her past medical history is notable for hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, and dyslipidemia. Her current medications include insulin, metformin, and... | A: Aspirin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is rushed to the emergency room after he became disoriented at home. His parents say that the boy was doing well until 2 days ago when he got sick and vomited several times. They thought he was recovering but today he appeared to be disoriented since the morning. His vitals are normal except shallow... | C: Insulin lispro |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a routine physical exam. The patient has no specific complaints but does comment on some mild weight gain. She reports that she recently retired from her job as a math teacher and has taken up hiking. Despite the increase in activity, she believes her pan... | D: Pelvic ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing shortness of breath, abdominal fullness, and pedal edema for 3 months. Four months ago, he was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and is currently receiving therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F... | C: Pericardiectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old left-handed woman with hypertension and hyperlipidemia is brought to the emergency room because of sudden-onset right leg weakness and urinary incontinence. Neurologic examination shows decreased sensation over the right thigh. Muscle strength is 2/5 in the right lower extremity and 4/5 in the right upp... | E: Left anterior cerebral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his father 10 minutes after falling into a frozen lake during ice fishing. He was in the water for less than 1 minute before his father managed to pull him out. On arrival, his clothes are still wet and he appears scared. His body temperature is 36.2°C (97.1... | B: Involuntary muscular contractions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old construction worker presents with gradually worsening shortness of breath for the past several months and left pleuritic chest pain for 2 weeks. He denies fever, cough, night sweats, wheezing, or smoking. He is recently diagnosed with hypertension and started amlodipine 10 days ago. He has been working ... | A: Asbestosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man presents to his primary doctor with one week of increasing weakness. He reports that he first noticed difficulty walking while attending his sister's graduation last week, and yesterday he had difficulty taking his coffee cup out of the microwave. He remembers having nausea and vomiting a few weeks ... | D: Normal cell count, high protein, normal glucose, normal opening pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn is found to have cystic fibrosis during routine newborn screening. The parents, both biochemists, are curious about the biochemical basis of their newborn's condition. The pediatrician explains that the mutation causing cystic fibrosis affects the CFTR gene which codes for the CFTR channel. Which of the fol... | B: Defective post-translational glycosylation of the CFTR channel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G2P1 female gives birth to a baby girl at 33 weeks gestation. The child is somnolent with notable difficulty breathing. Pulse pressure is widened. She is profusely cyanotic. Auscultation is notable for a loud single S2. An echocardiogram demonstrates an enlarged heart and further studies show blood from... | E: Formation of the aorticopulmonary septum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a well-child examination. He has been healthy and has met all development milestones. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is at the 97th percentile for height and 50th percentile for weight. His vital signs are within normal limits. The lungs are clear ... | B: Echocardiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 8-month history of fatigue, intermittent postprandial abdominal bloating and discomfort, foul-smelling, watery diarrhea, and a 7-kg (15-lb) weight loss. She developed a pruritic rash on her knees 3 days ago. Physical examination shows several tense, excoriat... | A: IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presented for her annual physical examination. She mentioned that her family history had changed since her last visit: her mother was recently diagnosed with breast cancer and her sister tested positive for the BRCA2 mutation. The patient, therefore, requested testing as well. If the patient tests... | B: Twice-yearly clinical breast exams, annual mammography, annual breast MRI, and breast self-exams |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Which of the following patient presentations would be expected in an infant with defective LFA-1 integrin (CD18) protein on phagocytes, in addition to recurrent bacterial infections?? {'A': 'Eczema and thrombocytopenia', 'B': 'Skin infections with absent pus formation, delayed umbilicus separation', 'C': 'Cardiac def... | B: Skin infections with absent pus formation, delayed umbilicus separation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with his fourth episode of wheezing and dyspnea. His symptoms are exacerbated by mold and pollen. Which of the following is most likely to be observed in this patient?? {'A': 'Abnormal chest radiograph', 'B': 'Normal FEV1', 'C': 'Sputum eosinophils', 'D': 'Normal FEV1/FVC... | C: Sputum eosinophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man is referred for an endocrinology consult because of decreased triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels. He presented to the emergency department 1 week prior to this consultation with pneumonia and was admitted to a medicine service for management of his infection. He has since recovered from his infect... | D: Increased reverse T3 concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents to a physician for evaluation of palpitations, increased sweating, and unintentional weight loss despite a good appetite. She also reports difficulty swallowing and voice changes. All of the symptoms have developed over the past 6 months. The patient has no concurrent illnesses and takes ... | E: This condition results from a failure of caudal migration of thyroid tissue. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old girl is admitted to the hospital because of a 1-day history of fever and difficulty breathing. She has also had nasal congestion for 2 days. She was born at 28 weeks' gestation and weighed 1105 g (2 lb 7 oz); she currently weighs 2118 g (4 lb 11 oz). Her neonatal course was complicated by respiratory di... | E: Palivizumab |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department with the complaint of pain and swelling of the proximal joint in the third finger of his right hand. The pain is so severe that it woke him up from sleep this morning. He has never had an episode like this before. The patient has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily fo... | D: Acute gout |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician because his parents are concerned that he has been unable to keep up with his classmates at school. He is at the 4th percentile for height and at the 15th percentile for weight. Physical examination shows dysmorphic facial features. Psychologic testing shows impaired intel... | E: Supravalvular aortic stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of generalized fatigue, myalgia, and fever. He has sickle cell disease. His current medications include hydroxyurea and folic acid. He appears ill. His temperature is 39.2°C (102.6°F), pulse is 103/min, and respirations are 28/min. Exa... | E: Ceftriaxone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-month-old female infant from a first-degree consanguinous couple was brought to the physican because the mother noticed abnormalities in the growth of her child as well as the different lengths of her child's legs. The infant had gingival hyperplasia, restricted movement in both shoulders, a prominent, pointed f... | D: N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphotransferase |
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