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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old primigravid woman at 25 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She has no history of serious illness and her only medication is a daily prenatal vitamin. A 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge shows a glucose concentration of 167 mg/dL (N < 135). A 100-g oral glucose tolerance test shows... | B: Islet cell hyperplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of polyuria, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status for 4 hours. On arrival, she is unconscious. Treatment with a drug is begun that increases glucose transport to skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. W... | A: Dephosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old male is brought to the emergency room by his caretaker and presents with difficulty breathing, muscle rigidity in the face, neck, back and upper extremities, and profuse sweating. The intern notes a large wound on his head near the back of his right ear which his caretaker had bandaged up. The caretaker... | A: Glycine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of chest discomfort and progressive dyspnea. He cannot do daily chores without feeling out of breath. He has a history of an X-linked recessive disorder that causes progressive proximal muscle weakness and gait abnormalities. Physical examination s... | A: Impaired connection of cytoskeletal actin filaments to membrane-bound dystroglycan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old gravida 2 para 0 presents to her physician at 15 weeks gestation to discuss the results of recent screening tests. She has no complaints and the current pregnancy has been uncomplicated. Her previous pregnancy terminated with spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. Her immunizations are up to date.... | B: T. pallidum hemagglutination assay |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever. He works as a farmer in southern Arizona. Physical examination shows multiple skin lesions with a dark blue center, pale intermediate zone, and red peripheral rim on the upper and lower... | A: Coccidioides immitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to the family medicine clinic after noticing swelling of her right index finger a few hours ago. She has no past medical history and takes no prescription medications. She takes ibuprofen occasionally, as needed. She says that she has smoked a few cigarettes a day for the last year. On fu... | B: Amoxicillin–clavulanate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman has a total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. She complains of tingling around the mouth 11 hours after the operation. Her condition rapidly deteriorates with difficulty breathing and chest tightness. Which of the following best represent the signaling pathway of the deficient hormone... | B: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of fatigue over the past 6 months. During this period, she has also had fever, joint pain, and a recurrent skin rash on her face. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 15 years. Her temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 90/min, and b... | E: Adverse effect of medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room because of severe, acute diarrhea. He is drowsy with a dull, lethargic appearance. He has sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, and dry oral mucous membranes and tongue. He has a rapid, thready pulse with a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg and his respirations are 33/min.... | C: Start IV fluid resuscitation with normal saline or Ringer’s lactate, along with monitoring of vitals and urine output |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 4-day history of painful lesions in his mouth. During the past year, he has twice had similar lesions that resolved without treatment after approximately 10 days. He has never had any genital or anal lesions. His mother reports that he has been ... | D: Aphthous stomatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man with hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presents to his cardiologist for follow-up after recently starting metoprolol for rate control. His EKG shows an atrial rate of 260/min with ventricular rate of 50/min on an irregular baseline. An echocardiogram from his previous visit revealed no... | B: Flecainide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old male is brought to the emergency department for severe chest pain and vomiting. He reports sudden onset 10/10 pain concentrated along his lower chest/epigastric region that radiates to his back for the past 3 hours. He denies any precipitating event, alcohol use, exertion, biliary colic, or family histo... | D: Gemfibrozil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old caucasian woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of a heavy cough with blood-tinged sputum. Her cough has bothered her for the last 2 weeks. Over the counter medications are no longer alleviating her symptoms. She also reports that she has unintentionally lost 6.8 kg (15 lb) in the last... | E: Gender |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to the emergency department because he has been experiencing increased shortness of breath for the last 2 weeks. Specifically, he says that he can barely walk up the stairs to his apartment before he feels winded. In addition, he has been waking up at night gasping for breath and has only b... | A: Extra heart sound in early diastole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old obese man presents to his primary care clinic feeling weak. He was in the military and stationed in Vietnam in his youth. His current weakness gradually worsened to the point that he had to call his son to help him stand to get on the ambulance. He smokes a pack of cigarettes every day and drinks a bott... | C: MRI of the pituitary gland |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman visits your office complaining about discharge from her left nipple for the past 3 months. The discharge looks like gray greenish and its amount is progressively increasing. She appears to be anxious and extremely uncomfortable with this situation as it is embarrassing for her when it occurs outdo... | C: Duct ectasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after delivery, a 3470-g (7-lb 10-oz) newborn has an episode of bilious vomiting. He has not yet passed meconium. He was born at term to a 26-year-old woman; pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows a distended abdomen. There is tympany to percuss... | D: Impaired migration of neural crest cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Health officials are considering a change be made to the interpretation of the tuberculin skin test that will change the cut-off for a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) from 10 mm to 5 mm for healthcare workers. Which of the following is a true statement regarding this potential change?? {'A': 'This change w... | A: This change will decrease the positive predictive value of the test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old female presents with confusion. Her husband reports that she doesn't know where she is and cannot remember the date. She was recently diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. Vital signs are T 37C, HR 80, BP 120/80 mmHg, RR 14, and O2 sat 99% on room air. She is not orthostatic. Physical examination revea... | A: Urinary osmolarity will be > 100, and this illness will not correct with saline infusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the physician with a complaint of several episodes of headaches in the past 4 weeks that are affecting her school performance. These episodes are getting progressively worse, and over-the-counter medications do not seem to help. She also mentions having to raise her head each time to l... | D: Aqueduct of Sylvius |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department for squeezing and substernal chest pain. He states that he was at home eating dinner when his symptoms began. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He is currently taking atorvastatin, lisinopril, insulin, metformin, ... | C: Creatine kinase-muscle/brain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man comes to the physician because of severe epigastric pain for a week. The pain is constant and he describes it as 6 out of 10 in intensity. The pain radiates to his back and is worse after meals. He has had several episodes of nausea and vomiting during this period. He has taken ibuprofen for multipl... | D: Pancreatic enzyme therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman who works as a secretary presents to your office complaining of new pain and numbness in both of her hands. For the past few weeks, the sensation has occurred after long days of typing, but it now occasionally wakes her up from sleep. You do not note any deformities of her wrists or hands, but you... | E: Splinting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old woman comes to the physician because of sudden loss of vision in her right eye for 15 minutes that morning, which subsided spontaneously. Over the past 4 months, she has had fatigue, a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss, and has woken up on several occasions at night covered in sweat. She has had frequent headac... | B: Thoracic aortic aneurysm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman visits her psychiatrist a week after she delivered a baby. She is holding her baby and crying as she waits for her appointment. She tells her physician that a day or so after her delivery, she has been finding it difficult to contain her feelings. She is often sad and unable to contain her tears. ... | D: Come back for a follow-up in 2 weeks |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old patient presents to his primary care provider with a 1-week history of abdominal pain at night and between meals. He has attempted taking antacids, which help briefly, but then the pain returns. The patient has not noticed any changes to the color of his stool but states that he has been having some loo... | B: Parathyroid hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents 30 minutes after having a 1-minute seizure. He has had a 1-day history of severe diarrhea and fever and 1 episode of vomiting. He has no history of serious illness. His immunization records are not available. He appears restless and cries when p... | D: Sunken anterior fontanelle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine examination. She takes no medications. She swims 3 times weekly and jogs several miles with her dog on most mornings. Her diet consists primarily of vegetables, fish, and whole grains; she avoids processed foods and carbohydrates. She drinks one glass of red wi... | B: High density lipoprotein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a motor vehicle accident. He was an unrestrained passenger who was ejected from the vehicle. On presentation, he is found to be actively bleeding from numerous wounds. His blood pressure is 76/42 mmHg and pulse is 152/min. Attempts at resusci... | B: Decreased function of the Na+/K+-ATPase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old male presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath. Ten days ago, he was in the cardiac critical care unit after receiving a balloon angioplasty and a bare metal stent for an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). On physical examination, a holosystolic murmur is heard at the cardiac apex... | E: Rupture of the posteromedial papillary muscle of the left ventricle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man with a history of type I diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency room with increasing fatigue. Two days ago, he ran out of insulin and has not had time to obtain a new prescription. He denies fevers or chills. His temperature is 37.2 degrees Celsius, blood pressure 84/56 mmHg, heart rate 100/min... | A: Metabolic acidosis with appropriate respiratory compensation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of a psoriatic flare that has worsened over the past 2 days. The patient states that her psoriasis is normally well-controlled. She also complains of some fatigue and states that she has recently developed pain and tenderness in the joints of her h... | E: Release of TNF and activation of RANKL pathway |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old female with a past medical history of hypertension presents to her primary care doctor with a 3 month history of spasmodic facial pain. The pain is located in her right cheek and seems to be triggered when she smiles, chews, or brushes her teeth. The pain is sharp and excruciating, lasts for a few secon... | C: CN V |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents to his primary care provider because of fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. He has returned from Dhaka, Bangladesh recently where he was visiting his relatives. He is diagnosed with Shigella infection, and ciprofloxacin is started. He develops severe nausea and weakness 2 days later and ... | E: Glucose-6-phosphate spectrophotometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus presented with congestive heart failure and underwent uneventful 3-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery. Within 20 hours, she was extubated and all infusions except nitroprusside were stopped. On the 4th postoperative day, she deter... | A: Cyanide toxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The height of American adults is expected to follow a normal distribution, with a typical male adult having an average height of 69 inches with a standard deviation of 0.1 inches. An investigator has been informed about a community in the American Midwest with a history of heavy air and water pollution in which a low... | A: 0.85 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old G0P0 presents to her gynecologist for an annual exam. The patient notes that she recently felt a lump in her right breast, and it has persisted for several months. She has not noticed any abnormal breast discharge or skin changes, and the lump is not particularly tender. The patient also reports feeling... | B: Nulliparity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy presents to the emergency department for the evaluation of severe chest pain that started one hour ago. The pain suddenly began after he lifted a heavy object and the pain is constant. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. His blood pressure is 125/85 mm Hg, the pulse is 8... | C: Supplemental oxygen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old new patient presents to the physician’s office with complaints of burning, upper abdominal pain for the past 6 months. The pain does not radiate and is only partially relieved by eating small meals, over the counter antacids, and PPI. He previously underwent upper endoscopy that revealed small ulcers in... | E: Pituitary adenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy presents to the clinic complaining of an uncomfortable skin condition that started 2 years ago. The patient states that his skin feels ‘oily’ and that he is embarrassed by his appearance. On examination, he is a healthy-looking teenager who has reached the expected Tanner stage for his age. The skin... | C: Cutibacterium acnes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman presents to an endocrinologist after her second time having a kidney stone in the last year. The patient reports no other symptoms except overall fatigue. On evaluation, the patient’s temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 120/76 mmHg, pulse is 72/min, and respirations are 12/min. The p... | C: Fourth branchial pouch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after the sudden onset of severe chest pain, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, and palpitations. His symptoms occurred while he was at a party with friends. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 24 years. He uses cocaine occasionally. The la... | B: Unsynchronized cardioversion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after being found to be non-communicative by his family during dinner. On presentation he appears to be alert, though he is confused and cannot follow instructions. When he tries to speak, he vocalizes a string of fluent but unintelligible syllable... | C: Tertiary prevention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old primigravid woman at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of headache and blurred vision. She has had no prenatal care. She is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. Amniocentesis shows a lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio of 0.7. If delivery is induced at this time, the newborn is mos... | C: Decreased functional residual capacity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old male presents to clinic with complaints of anxiety and fatigue for 4 months. He has also been experiencing palpitations, muscle weakness, increased sweating, and an increase in the frequency of defecation. Past medical history is insignificant. He neither consumes alcohol nor smokes cigarettes. His puls... | A: Low TSH; High T4; High T3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents with a tremor in his legs and arms. He says he has had the tremor for ‘many years’, but it has worsened in the last year. The tremor is more prominent at rest and nearly disappears on movement. He also says his family has mentioned that his movements have been slower, and he does feel like ... | A: Levodopa/carbidopa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old G5P5 woman gave birth to a healthy infant 30 minutes ago by vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery and is now experiencing vaginal bleeding. The placenta was delivered spontaneously and was intact upon examination. The infant weighed 5.2 kg and had Apgar scores of 8 and 9. No perineal tear or intentional epis... | E: Perform uterine massage and administer oxytocin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman comes to the physician because of headaches and nausea for 2 weeks. The headaches are worse on awakening and she describes them as 7 out of 10 in intensity. During this period, she has noticed brief episodes of visual loss in both eyes lasting several seconds, especially when she suddenly stands u... | A: Acetazolamide therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old female college student presents to the clinic with complaints of intense vaginal itching and a painful sensation when urinating. She also notes that she has felt more lethargic and has additionally been experiencing recent fevers and headaches. She says that she is sexually active and occasionally uses ... | C: Herpes simplex virus type 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old G1P0 Caucasian woman in her 12th week of pregnancy presents to her obstetrician with vaginal bleeding. She also reports 3 episodes of non-bloody, non-bilious emesis. She failed to show up for her last 2 pre-natal visits due to work. Her past medical history is notable for obesity and type I diabetes mel... | B: Intrauterine cystic mass |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department with intense abdominal pain for the past 2 hours. She has had 1 episode of bloody diarrhea recently. She has an 18-year history of diabetes mellitus. She was diagnosed with hypertension and ischemic heart disease 6 years ago. She is fully alert and oriented. ... | C: Inpatient observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider because of numbness and tingling on the palmar aspects of both hands. She denies any symptoms at the base of her thumbs. The symptoms are worse on the right (dominant hand) and are increased with activities such as driving or brushing her hair. She frequently ... | D: Focal slowing of conduction velocity in the median nerve in the carpal tunnel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of vaginal discharge. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus and her only medication is insulin. Menses occur at 28- to 29-day intervals, and her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. She does not want to share information regarding sexual activity... | D: Physiologic leukorrhea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for unilateral breast pain. The patient states that she has been breastfeeding her son but has been experiencing worsening pain recently. Her pain is severe enough that she is now struggling to breastfeed her son with her left breast. The patient's past medic... | B: Incision and drainage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to his primary care provider after noticing that his urine has been pink for the last week. He does not have any pain with urination, nor has he had any associated fevers or infections. On his review of systems, the patient notes that he thinks he has lost some weight since his belt is loos... | B: Cushing syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician for right lower abdominal pain for 6 months. She has multiple non-bloody, watery bowel movements daily and experiences abdominal cramping. Sometimes, she feels sudden palpitations, is short of breath, and her face becomes red. She has lost 7 kg over the past 3 months. She we... | E: Carcinoid tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after vaginal delivery of a healthy newborn at term, a 32-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, is unable to breastfeed. Her labor was complicated by antepartum hemorrhage and she received two units of packed red blood cells. Her pulse is 99/min and blood pressure is 90/55 mm Hg. Further evaluation of this pati... | D: ↓ ↑ ↓ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of diarrhea. She reports a 2 month history of 3-4 bloody stools per day as well as 10 pounds of unexpected weight loss. She has also developed intermittent mild gnawing lower abdominal pain. Her past medical history is unremarkable. She takes no me... | B: COX inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the office complaining of right-sided upper abdominal pain for about 2 weeks. He is also complaining of subjective fever and malaise for the same duration. He has never been out of the United States. Additionally, he describes several episodes of bloody diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain th... | A: Amoebic liver abscess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old girl presents with jaundice for the last 2 days. Although the patient’s parents were initially told that it was neonatal jaundice and would resolve quickly, they think that the yellow color of the patient’s skin appears to be more obvious today. The patient’s mother reports that the girl eats well, has no... | C: Plasma exchange transfusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his roommate due to an abdominal pain that started 2 hours ago. His pain is dull, aching, and radiates to the back. He admits to binge drinking alcohol for the past 2 days. Past medical history is significant for multiple admissions to the hospital for similar abd... | E: Fat necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to his physician complaining of difficulty maintaining an erection over the past month. Otherwise he feels well. He has a history of hypertension and congestive heart failure. His current medications include metoprolol, amlodipine, furosemide, losartan, and aspirin. Three months ago, lisino... | D: Reducing the metoprolol dose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man with alcohol use disorder is brought to the emergency department by a friend because of progressively worsening forgetfulness and frequent falls. He appears disheveled. On mental status examination, he is confused and oriented only to person. Neurologic examination shows horizontal nystagmus on late... | B: Vitamin B1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn boy develops projectile vomiting 48 hours after delivery. He is found to be lethargic, with poor muscle tone, and is hyperventilating. Within hours, he suffers important neurological deterioration, leading to seizures, coma, and, ultimately, death. An autopsy is performed and the pathology team makes a diag... | A: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old female presents with a holosystolic murmur heard best over the apex, radiating to the axilla. She has no signs of pulmonary hypertension or edema. What best explains her lack of symptoms?? {'A': 'The right ventricle is compensating with decreased compliance', 'B': 'The left atrium is compensating with i... | B: The left atrium is compensating with increased compliance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to her primary care physician because of a 4-month history of early morning headaches and worsening fatigue. The headaches are often accompanied by nausea and sometimes relieved by vomiting. She stopped going to her ballet lessons 2 weeks ago because she was embarrassed about falling freq... | B: Pilocytic astrocytoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of a tremor. He developed a tremor in his left hand approximately three months ago. It appears to be worse at rest and diminishes if he points to something or uses the hand to hold an object. His past medical history is notable for emphysema and my... | A: Major depressive disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency room with slurred speech. According to the patient's wife, they were watching a movie together when he developed a minor headache. He soon developed difficulty speaking in complete sentences, at which point she decided to take him to the emergency room. His past medical h... | A: Anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery watershed area |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of hematuria and bilateral flank pain. He has passed urinary stones twice before and has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. He reports no recent trauma. His father had a history of kidney failure and underwent a kidney transplant. His temperatu... | E: Cerebral saccular aneurysm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy develops muscle weakness and pain, vomiting, seizures, and severe headache. Additionally, he presents with hemiparesis on one side of the body. A muscle biopsy shows 'ragged red fibers'. What is true about the mode of inheritance of the disease described?? {'A': 'Commonly more severe in males', 'B':... | D: It is transmitted only through the mother. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of progressive fatigue and intermittent abdominal pain. During this time, she has noticed that her urine is darker when she wakes up in the morning. Her stool is of normal color. Five months ago, she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, f... | D: Venous thrombosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of weakness, abdominal pain, and a productive cough for 4 days. She also reports increased urination for the past 2 days. This morning, she had nausea and five episodes of vomiting. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Cur... | D: Extracellular potassium shift |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. Her mother has noticed that the child has had multiple falls over the past 4 months while walking, especially in the evening. Her current medications include pancreatic enzyme supplements, an albuterol inhaler, and acetylc... | C: Administer vitamin A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 7-month history of insomnia. She has difficulty initiating sleep, and her sleep onset latency is normally about 1 hour. She takes melatonin most nights. The physician gives the following recommendations: leave the bedroom when unable to fall a... | B: Stimulus control therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of bilateral blurry vision and difficulty driving at night that has been worsening progressively over the past 5 months. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. His hemoglobin A1c concentration is 8.9 mg/dL. A slit-lamp shows cloudy opacities... | D: Aldose reductase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-month-old infant is brought to the pediatrician with diarrhea. The infant’s history is positive for repeated episodes of diarrhea over the last 9 months. The mother reports that he was completely healthy until about 6 months of age. There is no history of lethargy, pedal edema, constipation, or vomiting. She men... | D: Failure to thrive |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G1P0 woman with a history of hypertension presents to the emergency department because she believes that she is in labor. She is in her 38th week of pregnancy and her course has thus far been uncomplicated. This morning, she began feeling painful contractions and noted vaginal bleeding after she fell of... | A: Abruptio placentae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old homeless man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30 minutes after being found unresponsive by the police. On arrival, he is apneic and there are no palpable pulses. Despite appropriate life-saving measures, he dies. Examination of the heart during autopsy shows normal ventricles with a s... | C: Oxidation of phospholipid molecules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old college student presents to student health with 1 day of fever and chills. He says that he has also been coughing for 2 days. His roommate was sick 3 days ago with similar symptoms and was diagnosed with Mycoplasma infection. He has otherwise been healthy and has had all the required vaccines as schedul... | C: Pentamers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is seen by her primary care physician for her annual checkup. She has no current concerns and says that she has been healthy over the last year except for a bout of the flu in December. She has no significant past medical history and is not currently taking any medications. She has smoked 1 pack p... | B: Homologous recombination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe epigastric pain that began an hour prior to presentation. He describes the pain as sharp, 10/10 in severity, and radiating to the back. Swallowing worsens the pain and causes him to cough. Before the pain started, he had been vomiting multiple times p... | E: Transmural esophageal rupture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the interactions between foreign antigens and human immune cells. She has isolated a line of lymphocytes that is known to bind antigen-presenting cells. From this cell line, she has isolated a cell surface protein that binds the constant portion of the class I major histocompatibility complex... | B: Interleukin 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department 60 minutes after the acute onset of left-sided abdominal pain and nausea with vomiting. Three weeks ago, she underwent emergency surgical revascularization for acute left lower extremity ischemia. Ph... | A: Absent P waves on electrocardiogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two weeks ago she was seen for adjustment of her antihypertensive regimen and prescribed lisinopril because of persistently high blood pressure readings. A complete blood count and renal function checked at her last visit were within the normal l... | E: Renal artery stenosis " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of feeling like “his heart was racing” for the last 8 days. He denies any chest pain, dizziness, or fainting but complains of fatigue, difficulty breathing with exertion, and swelling of his legs bilaterally for the last 2 weeks. He has had hypertensi... | C: Rivaroxaban for 3–4 weeks followed by cardioversion and continuation of rivaroxaban |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of progressive shortness of breath, lower extremity edema, and a 4-kg (9-lb) weight gain. She has ischemic cardiomyopathy and rheumatoid arthritis. Her respirations are 27/min. Examination shows pitting edema of the lower extremiti... | B: Diclofenac |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of scant painless bleeding from the vagina 6 hours ago. She has no history of serious illness or trauma. Her older sister had her first period at age 11. The patient is at the 80th percentile for height and 95th percentile for weight and BMI. Examination shows gre... | D: Pulsatile GnRH release |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 3-day history of fever and bleeding after brushing his teeth. His mother also reports that her son has asked to be picked up early from soccer practice the past few days because of fatigue. He appears pale and ill. His temperature is 38.3°C (101.... | C: Hypocellular fat-filled marrow with RBCs of normal morphology |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of progressive shortness of breath. She is now unable to jog for more than 10 minutes without stopping to catch her breath. Cardiac examination shows a harsh systolic, crescendo-decrescendo murmur best heard at the lower left sternal border. The m... | C: Myosin heavy chain defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presented to the clinic with recurrent abdominal swelling and stunted growth relative to her siblings. She has a history of multiple blood transfusions in her childhood. She has a family history of jaundice in her father who was operated on for multiple gallbladder stones. The physical examination... | A: Hereditary spherocytosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old HIV positive male presents with signs and symptoms concerning for a fungal infection. He is currently not on antiretrovirals and his CD4 count is 98. Which of the following candidal infections could be seen in this patient but would be very rare in an immunocompetent host?? {'A': 'Oral thrush', 'B': 'Va... | D: Esophagitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after ingesting approximately 30 tablets of an unknown drug in an apparent suicide attempt. His temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 40/min, respiratory rate is 19/min, and blood pressure is 85/50 mm Hg. Examination shows cold, clammy extremities. S... | C: Glucagon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old African-American female presents to her physician with complaints of a persistent, dry cough. She states that the cough has gone on for some time now. Three weeks ago, during her last general checkup, she was started on lisinopril and metformin for concerns regarding an elevated blood pressure and fasti... | D: Non-caseating granulomas are found on biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two hours after admission to the intensive care unit, a 56-year-old man with necrotizing pancreatitis develops profound hypotension. His blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and he is started on vasopressors. A central venous access line is placed. Which of the following is most likely to decrease the risk of complications ... | D: Preparation of the skin with chlorhexidine and alcohol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of swelling of her legs for 4 months. She first noticed the changes on the left leg, followed by the right leg. Sometimes her legs are itchy. She has a 1-month history of hoarseness. She returned from a trip to Mexico 8 months ago. She has a history of hypertension, ... | D: Primary thyroid lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old male who recently presented with acetaminophen overdose was admitted to the MICU, where several attempts were made at obtaining intravenous access without success. The decision was made to place a right axillary arterial line, which became infected and was removed by the medical student while the patien... | C: Compression of ulnar nerve secondary to coagulopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her 6-year-old daughter in to the pediatrician’s clinic for a wellness visit. The mother has a history of von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) and is concerned that her daughter may be affected as well. The mother tells you that she has noticed that her daughter bruises very easily, and her bruises typicall... | C: Prolonged PTT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old African American woman comes to the physician because of intermittent palpitations over the past 2 weeks. During this period she has also had constipation and has felt more tired than usual. She was diagnosed with hypertension 4 weeks ago and treatment with chlorthalidone was begun. Her temperature is 3... | E: Perform saline infusion test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 80-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of a decreasing level of consciousness. He had blurred vision for several days. Two weeks ago, he had transient numbness in the right arm for 3 days. He was diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance 2 years ag... | E: Plasmapheresis |
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