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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Seven days after undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty, a 65-year-old man comes to the physician with a dark discoloration and blisters on his abdomen. Current medications include simvastatin, aspirin, and low molecular weight heparin. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the skin shows mul... | C: Antibody formation against heparin-PF4 complex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman presents to the physician with discomfort in her upper left abdomen over the past month. Moreover, she has recently been feeling a bit tired. She has no history of any significant illness and takes no medications. Her vital signs are within normal limits. On percussion, the spleen size is 15 cm (5... | D: Philadelphia chromosome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 4-day history of fever and diarrhea. She has abdominal cramps and frequent bowel movements of small quantities of stool with blood and mucus. She has had multiple similar episodes over the past 8 months. Her temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 7... | B: Start annual colonoscopy starting in 8 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider for an annual checkup. She reports feeling sad over the past few months for no apparent reason. She has lost interest in swimming, which she previously found enjoyable. Additionally, she has had trouble getting a full night’s sleep and has had trouble concent... | E: Decreased norepinephrine, decreased serotonin, decreased dopamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old obese man is evaluated in a locked psychiatric facility. He was admitted to the unit after he was caught running through traffic naked while tearing out his hair. His urine toxicology screening was negative for illicit substances and after careful evaluation and additional history, provided by his paren... | E: Clozapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents to the physician with repeated episodes of dizziness for the last 3 months, which are triggered by rising from a supine position and by lying down. The episodes are sudden and usually last for less than 30 seconds. During the episode, she feels as if she is suddenly thrown into a rolling ... | C: Canalith repositioning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to a medical clinic to establish care. He has no known chronic illnesses but has not seen a physician in over 20 years. He generally feels well but occasionally has shortness of breath when he jogs and exercises. He smokes 2-5 cigarettes per day and uses IV heroin “now and then.” Physical e... | E: Systemic hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of worsening shortness of breath on exertion and fatigue. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic kidney disease. Her mother was diagnosed with colon cancer at the age of 65 years. Her blood pressure is 1... | E: Decreased erythropoietin production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old boy is brought by his parents to an orthopaedic surgeon for evaluation of bilateral club feet. He was born at term to a G1P1 mother but had respiratory distress at birth. Furthermore, he was found to have clubfeet as well as other extremity contractures. Physical exam reveals limited range of motion in ... | C: Juvenile polycystic kidney disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man with osteoarthritis of the knee comes to the physician for evaluation of weakness in his foot. Physical examination shows a swelling in the popliteal fossa. There is marked weakness when attempting to invert his right foot. He is unable to curl his toes. Further evaluation of this patient is most li... | B: Sole of the foot |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman with a past medical history significant only for endometriosis presents to the outpatient clinic with a 2-cm left breast mass that she first identified 6 months earlier. On review of systems, the patient states that the mass is not painful and, by her estimation, has not significantly increased in... | B: Fibroadenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man is being evaluated in an emergency clinic for dizziness and headache after a stressful event at work. He also reports that his face often becomes swollen and he occasionally has difficulty breathing during these spells. Family history is significant for his father who died of a stroke and his mother... | E: Enalapril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man presents with complaints of sudden severe crushing retrosternal pain. The pain radiated to his left arm shortly after it began, and he was subsequently rushed to the emergency department for evaluation. His troponins and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were elevated. Unfortunately, the patient died withi... | C: Normal heart tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A survey was conducted in a US midwestern town in an effort to assess maternal mortality over the past year. The data from the survey are given in the table below: Women of childbearing age 250,000 Maternal deaths 2,500 Number of live births 100, 000 Number of deaths of women of childbearing age 7,500 Maternal death ... | C: 10 per 1,000 women |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Drug A is an experimental compound being investigated for potential use as a protectant against venous thrombosis. Binding assays reveal that the drug’s primary mechanism of action is to block carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in certain serum proteins. Drug A is most similar to which of the following:? {'A': '... | E: Warfarin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a wellness checkup. The child is an immigrant, and this is his first visit. The patient is in the 99th percentile for height and 50th percentile for weight. The child is struggling in school, and basic cognitive testing suggests he is moderately mentally disabled. H... | B: Pyridoxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Twenty minutes after delivery of a newborn infant, a 22-year-old woman starts breastfeeding. Initially, the expressed milk is thick and yellowish. Three days later, the mother's breasts swell and the expressed milk becomes thinner and whiter. A decrease in maternal serum concentration of which of the following is mos... | E: Progesterone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Ten days after undergoing emergent colectomy for a ruptured bowel that she sustained in a motor vehicle accident, a 59-year-old woman has abdominal pain. During the procedure, she was transfused 3 units of packed red blood cells. She is currently receiving total parenteral nutrition. Her temperature is 38.9°C (102.0°... | A: Acalculous cholecystitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators seeks to compare the non-inferiority of a new angiotensin receptor blocker, salisartan, with losartan for reduction of blood pressure. 2,000 patients newly diagnosed with hypertension are recruited for the trial; the first 1,000 recruited patients are administered losartan, and the other half... | C: Randomization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his neighbor, who found him lying unconscious at the door of his house. The patient lives alone and no further history is available. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.2ºC (98.9ºF), pulse rate is 114/min, blood pressure is 116/78 mm Hg, and respi... | E: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of frequent episodes of unresponsiveness. During these episodes, he stares blankly, rhythmically nods his head, and does not respond to verbal stimulation for several seconds. Hyperventilation for 30 seconds precipitates an episode of unresponsi... | B: Blockade of thalamic T-type calcium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. Over the past year, he has had problems initiating urination and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. He has a history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 40 ye... | E: Abdominal ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by the police after he was found running around a local park naked and screaming late at night. During intake, the patient talks non-stop about the government spying on him and his family, but provides little useful information besides his name and date of birt... | C: Schizoaffective disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman presents with thyroid swelling. She has been healthy until now and follows all the healthcare precautions except for missing a flu shot this year. On physical examination, the thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged and tender to palpation. Laboratory findings show a decreased serum TSH level and elev... | C: Mixed cellular infiltration with multinuclear giant cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman, who recently immigrated from Bangladesh, presents to her primary care physician to discuss birth control. During a review of her past medical history, she reports that as a child she had a recurrent sore throat and fever followed by swollen and aching hip and knee joints. These symptoms returned ... | E: Point 5 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to his primary care provider for a routine examination. He feels tired and has aches most days and is concerned that he has gained a little weight since his last appointment. Past medical history is significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, for which he takes hydrochlorothiazide and ... | C: Precontemplation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his friends in a confused state. He was doing fine 5 days ago when he started to complain of fever and flu-like symptoms. His fever was low-grade and associated with a headache. For the past 2 days, he has become increasingly irritable, confused, and was get... | A: Acyclovir |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying the influenza A virus. He focuses on two strains – one from humans (H7N1) and one from horses (H3N8). He takes cells from chickens and coinfects these cells with both influenza strains. From these chicken cells, the scientist isolates a new strain and finds that this new strain can infect huma... | E: Genetic shift |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for an annual well-child examination. Her mother complains that the patient has a poor diet and spends most of the evening at home texting her friends instead of doing homework. She has been caught smoking cigarettes in the school bathroom several times and... | C: """Would it be possible for you to step out for a few moments so that I can interview your daughter alone?""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old female presents to the emergency room with a heart rate of 32 BPM and a blood pressure of 80/40. She was found by emergency medical services with an empty bottle of propanolol that was taken from her grandmother. Her vital signs do not improve despite IV fluids and oxygen. Which of the following is a fi... | A: Glucagon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 31-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a several-day history of sharp, central chest pain, which is constant and unrelated to exertion. The pain gets worse on lying down and decreases with sitting forward. He has smoked 10–15 cigarettes daily for the past 7 years. His blood pre... | D: Acute pericarditis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man comes to the physician with a 2-day history of fever, crampy abdominal pain, and blood-tinged diarrhea. He recently returned from a trip to Mexico. His temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Abdominal examination shows diffuse tenderness to palpation; bowel sounds are hyperactive. Stool cultures grow nonl... | A: Invasion of colonic microfold cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the activity level of several different enzymes in human subjects from various demographic groups. An elevated level of activity of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase is found in one of the study subjects. This patient is most likely to have which of the following conditions?? {'A': '... | B: Gout |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old boy presents to the clinic with shortness of breath and fever for the last 2 days. He also has a cough for the same duration. He is asthmatic and uses inhaled albuterol for symptom relief when required. He used albuterol today 3 times at 10-minute intervals but has not had relief of his symptoms. On ph... | D: Inhibition of vagally-mediated contraction of bronchial smooth muscles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is brought to the clinic by his mother because of pruritic vesicles that appeared on the left side of his torso 12 hours ago. One day earlier, before the appearance of the vesicles, the patient’s mother notes that he had been complaining of a burning sen... | D: Reactivation of VZV due to immunodeficiency caused by chemotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of severe epigastric pain that is radiating to his back and accompanied by nausea and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol use disorder. His blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg and his pulse is 110/min. Physical examination shows diffuse abdomi... | B: Straight segment of proximal tubule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents with pruritic vesicles on the right side of her torso. She notes that the lesions appeared 2 days ago and have not improved. One day prior to their appearance, she says that she experienced a burning sensation in the affected area. The patient is afebrile and vital signs are within normal... | E: Postherpetic neuralgia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening bilateral lower extremity pain for the past 8 months. The pain begins after walking one to two blocks and radiates bilaterally down the buttocks with cramping and tingling. He reports that the pain is worse while walking downhill and is relieved by sitting... | C: MRI scan of the spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman approaches her university health services after a 5-day history of having a mucoid secretion that she has seen on her underwear upon waking up in the morning. She denies dysuria. She comments that 2 weeks ago, she engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse with both a male and a female classmate du... | E: White blood cells alone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department following an episode of chest pain and a loss of consciousness. The patient is in critical condition and his vital signs are rapidly deteriorating. It is known that the patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The patient is accompanie... | C: Respect the patient’s advance directive orders |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend because of a pruritic rash on his penis that has been present for the past hour. The rash developed shortly after the patient had protected sexual intercourse with his girlfriend for the first time. His girlfriend does not have any symptoms. ... | E: Oral cetirizine " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl is brought by her parents to the physician because of recurrent episodes of shortness of breath and nonproductive cough over the past 3 months. She has had two episodes per week, which have resolved spontaneously with rest. Once a month, she wakes up at night with shortness of breath. Spirometry sh... | B: Albuterol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old African American male with a history of bipolar I disorder presents to the psychiatrist for a follow-up visit. During the session, the patient explains that for the past 2 months he has felt significantly fatigued and constipated. He is always complaining of feeling cold and has gained several pounds al... | B: Lithium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man comes to the physician for gradual onset of fatigue for the last 4 months. He also reports shortness of breath and difficulty concentrating. His friends have told him that he appears pale. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the last 20 years. He does not drink alcohol. His vital signs ar... | E: Gastric carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department with difficulties swallowing food. He states that he experiences pain when he attempts to swallow his medications or when he drinks water. He reveals that he was diagnosed with HIV infection five years ago. He asserts that he has been taking his antiretroviral re... | B: Fluconazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents to the outpatient clinic after she ran into a minor car accident. She says that she did not see the other car coming from the side and this is not the first time this has happened. When asked about any health issues she expresses concerns about whitish discharge dripping from both of her ... | B: Serum prolactin levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother presents to the family physician with her 16-year-old son. She explains, "There's something wrong with him doc. His grades are getting worse, he's cutting class, he's gaining weight, and his eyes are often bloodshot." Upon interviewing the patient apart from his mother, he seems withdrawn and angry at times ... | D: Urine toxicology screen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old, overweight gentleman with a 20-pack-year history of smoking presents to the primary care physician after noticing multiple blood-stained tissues after coughing attacks in the last month. His vital signs are within normal limits except for an O2 saturation of 93% on room air. He states that over the las... | C: Chronic bronchitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for a follow-up examination. He has persistent bedwetting. Over the past year, his parents have attempted various methods to prevent him from wetting his bed, including fluid restriction in the evenings, sticker rewards, and bedwetting alarms, with no improve... | E: Adenylate cyclase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old Caucasian male receiving treatment for stable angina experiences intermittent throbbing headaches. What is the most likely cause?? {'A': 'Transient ischemic attack', 'B': 'Elevated creatine kinase', 'C': 'Beta adrenergic inactivation', 'D': 'Acute hemorrhage', 'E': 'Vasodilation of cerebral arteries'}, | E: Vasodilation of cerebral arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents to her family physician for evaluation of increasing shortness of breath. She returned from a trip to China 2 weeks ago and reports fever, myalgias, headaches, and a dry cough for the past week. Over the last 2 days, she has noticed increasingly severe shortness of breath. Her past medica... | D: Supportive therapy and monitoring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of cough, fever, and lethargy. He has been admitted to the hospital twice during the past year for pneumonia. He can stand without support but has not started to walk. He speaks in bisyllables. He is at the 3rd percentile for height and 4th pe... | B: Sphingomyelin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness upon standing, abdominal pain, and muscle pain over the past 6 months. She has also had an unintended weight loss of 5.8 kg (12.8 lb) over the past 3 years. She has had a history of hypoparathyroidism since she was a teenager. H... | C: Autoimmune destruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman who underwent urgent coronary artery bypass grafting develops sudden-onset of difficulty breathing shortly after postoperative transfusion of 1 unit of packed red blood cells because of moderate blood loss. She has alcohol use disorder, and has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 22 years. Her... | C: Activation of primed neutrophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to the emergency department with abdominal discomfort, fever, and decreased urination. He has a history of liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C infection. His blood pressure is 90/70 mm Hg, pulse is 75/min, and temperature 38°C (100.4°F). On physical examination he is jaundiced, and h... | E: Presence of 30 red cells/high powered field in the urine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of difficulties having sexual intercourse due to erectile dysfunction. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus that is well controlled with metformin. He does not smoke. He drinks 5–6 beers daily. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examinat... | B: Nadolol therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3900-g (8-lb 11-oz ) male newborn is delivered at term to a 27-year-old woman. Immediately after delivery, he develops cyanosis and tachypnea. Pulse oximetry on 100% oxygen shows an oxygen saturation of 88%. Examination shows decreased breath sounds in the left lung field. Despite appropriate treatment, the newborn... | A: Abnormal budding of the ventral foregut |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man is admitted to the hospital due to acute decompensated heart failure. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Current medications include lisinopril, metformin, and low-dose aspirin. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 45 year... | D: Discontinue metformin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents with a 15-year history of long, painful menses that is only partially relieved with oral contraceptives. She desires definitive treatment. She denies weight loss or post-coital bleeding, and her husband has been her only sexual partner. She does not have a history of smoking, alcohol or i... | B: Iatrogenic injury near the suspensory ligaments |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3°C (102.7°F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WB... | D: Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a one-week history of diffuse abdominal pain. Her temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F). Physical examination shows numerous scars and excoriations along both arms, scleral icterus, and tender hepatomegaly. Serum studies show: Alanine aminotransferase... | C: Transient infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recurrent right upper abdominal pain for 3 weeks. The pain usually occurs after meals and tends to radiate to the right shoulder. She reports that she otherwise feels well. She has more energy since she started an intermittent fasting diet and has rapidly lost 9.0... | B: Ursodeoxycholic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old male college student volunteers for a research study involving renal function. He undergoes several laboratory tests, the results of which are below: Urine Serum Glucose 0 mg/dL 93 mg/dL Inulin 100 mg/dL 1.0 mg/dL Para-aminohippurate (PAH) 150 mg/dL 0.2 mg/dL Hematocrit 50% Urine flow rate 1 mL/min What... | C: 1,500 mL/min |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old African-American man presents to your office with dysphagia. He reports that he has found it progressively more difficult to swallow food over the past year. At the time of presentation, he is able to eat only soup. Social history is significant for asbestos exposure, multiple daily drinks of hard alcoh... | A: Keratin nests and pearls |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man is brought to the physician by his daughter for evaluation of increasing forgetfulness during the past 6 months. The daughter reports that he recently got lost while walking home from the grocery store. He has also been more irritable recently. On mental status examination, he has a normal affect. H... | B: Atrophy of the cortex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man comes to the physician for generalized fatigue and weakness of his left hand for 4 weeks. During this period he also had multiple episodes of cramping abdominal pain and nausea. He works at a battery manufacturing plant. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 75/min, and blood pressure is 124/74... | A: Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He feels well. Five years ago, he underwent a colonoscopy, which was unremarkable. He has no history of serious illness except for an episode of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis at the age of 10 years. His father died of bladde... | B: Discuss PSA assessment with patient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old G1P0 female who is 39 weeks pregnant presents to the emergency department in labor. She reports following her primary care physician’s recommendations throughout her pregnancy and has not had any complications. During delivery, the baby’s head turtled back into the vaginal canal and did not advance any ... | C: 5 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of increasing confusion, weakness, and vomiting for 1 day. He has had 5 episodes of vomiting and blurry vision; he told his wife that “everything appears in different colors.” He has been unable to recall his wife's name or their address. Hi... | E: Increased PR interval |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents to her primary care physician with complaints of headaches, fatigue, dry cough, and frequent episodes of bronchospasm. She was diagnosed with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy by an ophthalmologist last month. Her blood pressure meas... | D: Lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being rescued from a house fire. He reports headache, metallic taste, abdominal pain, and nausea. He appears confused and agitated. His pulse is 125/min, respirations are 33/min, and blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air sh... | C: Formation of methemoglobin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Six days after undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of a left-sided femur fracture that he sustained in a motor vehicle collision, a 67-year-old man has sudden-onset severe pain and paresthesia in his right arm. The operation and the immediate postoperative course were uneventful. Prior to hospitalization,... | C: Adverse effect of medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Background: Aldosterone blockade reduces mortality and morbidity among patients with severe heart failure. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, on morbidity and mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated ... | C: Eplerenone, when added to optimal medical therapy, decreases all cause mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A neuro-oncology investigator has recently conducted a randomized controlled trial in which the addition of a novel alkylating agent to radiotherapy was found to prolong survival in comparison to survival radiotherapy alone (HR = 0.7, p < 0.01). A number of surviving participants who took the alkylating agent reporte... | E: Chi-square test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old primigravida woman visits her gynecologist during the 28th week of her pregnancy. Physical examination reveals pitting edema around her ankles and elevated systolic blood pressure. 24-hour urine collection yields 4 grams of protein. If left untreated, the patient is most at increased risk for which of t... | C: Hemolysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 42-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after he was involved in a motor vehicle collision. He is conscious. He smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 16 years but quit 8 years ago. Physical examination shows several ecchymoses over the trunk and abdomen. The abdomen is sof... | B: Positron emission tomography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his daughter for a 1-week history of right leg weakness, unsteady gait, and multiple falls. During the past 6 months, he has become more forgetful and has sometimes lost his way along familiar routes. He has been having difficulties operating simple kitchen ... | E: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy presents to his pediatrician with persistent diarrhea, oral candidiasis, and signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia. He is very lean with weight in the 10th percentile. His blood pressure is 105/64 mm Hg and heart rate is 84/min. He is being evaluated for an immunodeficien... | B: Defective T cell function |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two weeks ago, he was diagnosed with an ischemic stroke of the right middle cerebral artery. He was treated with thrombolytics and does not have any residual symptoms. His pulse is 82/min and regular. Cardiovascular examination shows no abnormaliti... | E: Hypospadias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman comes to the emergency department 4 hours after the sudden onset of a diffuse, dull, throbbing headache. During this time, she also reports blurred vision, nausea, and one episode of vomiting. She has a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Her medications include hydrochlorothiazi... | D: Hypertensive emergency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of recurrent palpitations and a feeling of pressure in the chest for the past 6 months. He also reports shortness of breath when walking several blocks or while going upstairs. There is no personal or family history of serious illness. He does not smoke. He ... | A: Abstinence from alcohol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the clinic with concerns related to her medication. She recently learned that she is pregnant and wants to know if she needs to change anything. She is taking levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. She does not take any other medication. A urine pregnancy test is positive. What should this pat... | C: Her medication dose should be increased by 30% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Physical examination shows hyperpigmented plaques on the posterior neck and in the axillae. His hemoglobin A1c concentration is 7.4% and fasting serum glucose concentration is 174 mg/dL. Which of the following is the strongest predisposing factor f... | E: High waist circumference " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman visits your office with concerns about recent changes in her menstrual cycle. She noticed that her menses last longer and are heavier, to the point of needing almost twice the number of sanitary pads than 6 months ago. She denies any abdominal or pelvic discomfort. She started menstruating at 9 ye... | E: Endometrial hyperplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man undergoes elective vasectomy for permanent contraception. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. There are no intra-operative complications and he is discharged home with ibuprofen for post-operative pain. This patient is at increased risk for which of the following complications?? {'A':... | A: Sperm granuloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a high fever, cough, and malaise. One week ago, he returned from a vacation to Hawaii where he went waterskiing with his family. Three days before presentation, he started experiencing intermittent abdominal pain, which was followed by flu-like symptoms, i... | B: Doxycycline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman at 36 weeks pregnant presents to the emergency department with a headache and abdominal pain. The woman has no known past medical history and has inconsistently followed up with an obstetrician for prenatal care. Her temperature is 98.5°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 163/101 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, ... | C: Magnesium and cesarean section |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of poor performance in school for the last year. He has difficulty sitting still at his desk, does not follow the teacher's instructions, and frequently blurts out answers in class. He often gets sent outside the classroom for failing to work quietly.... | A: Atomoxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after an episode of light-headedness. She was using the bathroom when she felt light-headed and fell to the floor. Her daughter found her and brought her into the emergency department right away. The patient has a past medical history of obesity and diabetes me... | A: CA-125 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old male is referred to a geneticist for developmental delay and intellectual disability. He was hypotonic at birth and his parents are concerned that he tries to eat everything, including erasers and chalk. Physical exam is remarkable for severe obesity and hypogonadism. Genetic analysis reveals that he has... | B: Imprinting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is tracing the fate of C-peptide, a product of preproinsulin cleavage. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the fate of C-peptide?? {'A': 'C-peptide is immediately degraded by the proteasome', 'B': 'C-peptide is packaged with insulin in secretory vesicles', 'C': 'C-peptide exits the cells... | B: C-peptide is packaged with insulin in secretory vesicles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old man, hospitalized for overnight monitoring after elective surgery, is found on morning rounds to be confused and disoriented. He was recovering well in the post-anesthesia care unit before being moved up to the inpatient floor unit; however, he was found to be delirious and agitated overnight. Therefore... | C: Flumazenil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes into her family doctor’s clinic confused as to how she failed her work-required urine drug test. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications. She states that she does not smoke and denies ever using any alcohol or recreational drugs. The patient’s social hist... | A: Miosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old child presents with lower-extremity edema for the past 4 days. Three weeks ago, he experienced several days of cough and fever that was treated with acetaminophen. His medical history is unremarkable; he was born after an uneventful term pregnancy. His vaccinations are up to date. At presentation, his bl... | A: Oral prednisone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old male newborn is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. His mother is concerned that he is losing weight. He was born at 40 weeks' gestation and weighed 2980g (6-lb 9-oz); he currently weighs 2830g (6-lb 4-oz). Pregnancy was uncomplicated. He passed stool and urine 8 and 10 hours after deli... | E: Continue breastfeeding " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old female presents with a primary complaint of amenorrhea for the past 6 months. She also reports dyspareunia, recurrent headache, and infrequent episodes of night sweats. Diagnostic work-up reveals increased serum FSH levels. Which additional laboratory findings would most likely be seen in this patient??... | C: Decreased serum estradiol and increased serum LH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well child appointment. The patient has been doing well in school. He plays on a club basketball team and is also a member of the chess club. He has many friends and is very happy. His parents currently have no concerns for him. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), ... | A: Leydig cell tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the psychiatrist due to feelings of sadness for the past 3 weeks. She was let go from her job 1 month ago, and she feels as though her whole life is coming to an end. She is unable to sleep well at night and also finds herself crying at times during the day. She has not been able to ea... | A: Venlafaxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has had difficulty swallowing. Specifically, he occasionally feels like he is choking while eating solids and then later regurgitates the undigested food. In addition, he says that his family has been complaining that he now has really bad breath. Ba... | C: Cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old male complains of heartburn, epigastric pain, and diarrhea. He has a past medical history significant for heartburn that is nonresponsive to omeprazole. He denies any alcohol intake, and has not been taking any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. An endoscopy is performed, which shows two ulcers in th... | D: Parietal cell hypertrophy is likely present |
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