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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old male is brought in by fire rescue after being the restrained driver in a motor vehicle accident. There was a prolonged extraction. At the scene, the patient was GCS 13. The patient was boarded and transported. In the trauma bay, vitals are T 97.2 F, HR 132 bpm, BP 145/90 mmHG, RR 22 rpm, and O2 Sat 100%... | C: Radiograph C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old premenopausal woman undergoes lumpectomy after a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is made. Pathologic examination of the surgical specimen shows that the breast cancer cells stain positive for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and negative for human epidermal growth factor... | A: Selective agonist at estrogen receptors in bone tissue |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician with a 4-month history of chest pain that occurs on exertion. The pain is dull, and she experiences retrosternal pressure when she walks up the stairs to her apartment on the fifth floor. The pain disappears shortly after stopping for one minute. She has hypertension, for wh... | C: Elevated transaminases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Antigen presentation of extracellular pathogens by antigen presenting cells requires endocytosis of the antigen, followed by the degradation in the acidic environment of the formed phagolysosome. Should the phagolysosome become unable to lower its pH, what is the most likely consequence?? {'A': 'Deficient NK cell act... | B: Deficient presentation of pathogens to CD4 T-cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Five weeks after delivery, a 1350-g (3-lb 0-oz) male newborn has respiratory distress. He was born at 26 weeks' gestation. He required intubation and mechanical ventilation for a month following delivery and has been on noninvasive pressure ventilation for 5 days. His temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), pulse is 148/min,... | C: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 34-year-old woman comes to the physician for advice on UV protection. She works as an archaeologist and is required to work outside for extended periods of time. She is concerned about premature skin aging. The physician recommends sun-protective clothing and sunscreen. In order to protect effectively again... | E: Zinc oxide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-week history of episodic tremors, headaches, and sweating. During this time, he has gained 2.5-kg (5 lb 8 oz). Two months ago, he was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment with an oral antidiabetic drug was initiated. The beneficial effect of the... | A: ATP-sensitive potassium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of pain in her hands, shoulders, and knees. She states that the pain has lasted for several months but seems to have worsened recently. Any activity such as opening jars, walking, or brushing her teeth is painful. The patient has a past... | B: Anti-dsDNA antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 46-year-old man comes to the physician for an 8-month history of headache that is more severe in the mornings. His blood pressure is 151/92 mm Hg. Examination shows enlargement of the nose, forehead, and jaw as well as the hands, fingers, and feet. Ophthalmologic examination shows impaired vision... | E: Elevated serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dizziness for the past 3 hours with fever, chills, and muscle pain for the last day. He had presented 5 days ago for an episode of epistaxis caused by nasal picking and was treated with placement of anterior na... | C: Toxic shock syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents with constipation and trouble urinating for the past day. He says that he tried drinking a lot of water but that did not help. He also says that he has been tired all the time recently. Past medical history is significant for schizophrenia, diagnosed 3 months ago, and being managed on antip... | E: Chlorpromazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of irregular menses, milky discharge from her nipples, fatigue, and weight gain. Menses occur at irregular 25–40-day intervals and last 1–2 days with minimal flow. 5 months ago, she was started on clozapine for treatment of schizophrenia. She has... | A: Hypothyroidism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old Mexican female presents with symptoms of the common cold after the patient's respiratory epithelial cells were infected with Rhinovirus. Due to the presence of the virus, her respiratory epithelial cells begin producing interferon. Which is of the following is LEAST likely to be an outcome of the activa... | B: A rhinovirus-specific, cell-mediated immune response |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of developmental delay and intellectual disability. He has been admitted to the hospital twice in the past 6 months because of a cerebral venous thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism, respectively. He is at 10th percentile for weight and 95th percentile for he... | C: Decreased methionine concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man is brought to the emergency room because of diarrhea for 2 days. He has abdominal cramps and has also noticed a dark red tint to his stool. He returned from a trip to Mexico 3 weeks ago, where he completed a marathon. He has a history of mild anemia. He does not smoke and drinks 3–4 beers on weekend... | E: Metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man presents to the clinic with a 2-week history of fever, fatigue, and coughing up blood. On questioning, he notes that he has also experienced some weight loss over the past 4 months and a change in the color of his urine, with intermittent passage of dark-colored urine during that time. The man does ... | A: Microscopic polyangiitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband with the complaints of severe abdominal pain and discomfort. The pain began 2 days earlier, she describes it as radiating to her back and is associated with nausea. Her past medical history is significant for similar episodes of pain after fatt... | C: Ultrasound of the gallbladder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with a 2-day history of cough productive of yellowish sputum. He has had fever, chills, and worsening shortness of breath over this time. He has a 10-year history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He does not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes. His current med... | E: Increase in A-a gradient |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman comes to the primary care physician’s office with a 7-day history of headaches, sore throat, diarrhea, fatigue, and low-grade fevers. The patient denies any significant past medical history, recent travel, or recent sick contacts. On review of systems, the patient endorses performing sex acts in e... | C: Retest with ELISA and Western blot in 2.5–8.5 weeks and again in 6 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of flank pain, myalgia, and reddish discoloration of her urine for the past 2 days. One week ago, she had a fever and a sore throat and was prescribed antibiotics. She is otherwise healthy and has no history of serious illness. Her temperature is 37.9°C (100.2°F), pu... | A: Allergic interstitial nephritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of involuntary muscle contractions and pain in his back and neck. Two weeks ago, he fell while playing in the sandbox and scraped both his knees. He has not received any vaccinations since birth. His temperature is 3... | C: Denaturated bacterial product |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old construction worker presents to the office due to a yellowish discoloration of his skin and eyes for the past 2 weeks. He also complains of nausea and loss of appetite for the same duration. The past medical history is insignificant. He is a smoker, but recently has grown a distaste for smoking. The vit... | B: Fecal-oral |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of weight loss and yellowing of the skin. He works as a farmer and cultivates soybean and corn. He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. His vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows scleral ... | D: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to your office for a regular checkup. His only current complaint is periodic difficulty falling asleep at night. He takes captopril and hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension, atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia, and aspirin for cardiovascular disease prevention. His past medical history is signi... | C: He had an allergic reaction to the Tdap vaccination. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of a swollen right knee. Over the past several weeks, he has had similar episodes affecting the right knee and sometimes also the left elbow, in which the swelling lasted an average of 5 days. He has a history of a rash that subsided 2 months ago. He... | A: Borrelia burgdorferi |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of recurrent episodes of nosebleeds over the past 6 months. The nosebleeds occur spontaneously and stop after 10 minutes after pinching the nose at the nostrils. He has no history of serious illness except for prolonged bleeding following wisdom teeth extrac... | E: Von Willebrand disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of yellowish discoloration of her eyes and generalized fatigue since she returned from a 2-week class trip to Guatemala 2 days ago. During her time there, she had watery diarrhea, nausea, and lack of appetite for 3 days that resolved without treatment. She also t... | A: Gilbert's syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old male chef presents to the dermatologist complaining of skin problems on his hands. They are itchy, red, and tender, making his work difficult. He has been using the same dish soap, hand soap, and industrial cleaner at work and at home for the past 5 years. There are no significant changes in his life, i... | A: Patients generally have insight into their condition. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for minor aches and pains in her bones and muscles. She states that these symptoms have persisted throughout her entire life but have worsened recently when she moved to attend college. The patient is physically active, and states that she eats a balanced die... | B: Anaphylaxis when receiving a transfusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a yearly checkup. He states he feels he has been in good health other than minor fatigue, which he attributes to aging. The patient has a past medical history of hypertension and is currently taking chlorthalidone. He drinks 1 glass of red wine every night.... | A: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2 day history of blood-speckled stools and a protruding rectal mass. He has no abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, or fever. His mother has inflammatory bowel disease. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows multiple, small, hyperpigmented ma... | C: Pancreatic carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman with poor prenatal care and minimal antenatal screening presents to the emergency department in labor. Shortly thereafter, she delivers a baby girl who subsequently demonstrates symptoms of chorioretinitis on examination. A series of postpartum screening questions is significant only for the prese... | A: Toxoplasmosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman with no significant past medical, past surgical, family or social history presents to clinic with a recently identified area of flat, intact, pigmented skin. The patient believes that this is a large freckle, and she states that it becomes darker during the summer when she is outdoors. On physical... | B: Macule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with mild anxiety and complaints of mood swings lasting several months. The patient reports that the mood swings affect her work and personal relationships. In addition, she complains of increased irritability, breast tenderness, bloating, fatigue, binge-eat... | C: Oral contraceptive and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician for an annual health maintenance examination. On questioning, she has had fatigue and headaches for the last month. A few weeks ago, she had to have her wedding ring resized because it had become too small for her finger. She has mild persistent asthma and anxiety disorder. ... | E: Insulin resistance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old professional athlete is advised to train in the mountains to enhance his performance. After 5 months of training at an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 feet), he is able to increase his running pace while competing at sea-level venues. Which of the following changes would produce the same effect on the oxygen-... | A: Decreased pH |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist in Chicago is studying a new blood test to detect Ab to the EBV virus with increased sensitivity and specificity. So far, her best attempt at creating such an exam reached 82% sensitivity and 88% specificity. She is hoping to increase these numbers by at least 2 percent for each value. After several years... | E: 98% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of recurrent abdominal pain for 1 week. The pain is worse after eating and he has vomited twice during this period. He was hospitalized twice for acute pancreatitis during the past year; the latest being 2 months ago. There is no family history of serious il... | B: CT-guided percutaneous drainage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old non-smoking woman with no symptoms comes to your clinic to establish care with a primary care provider. She hasn’t seen a doctor in 12 years and states that she feels very healthy. You realize that guidelines by the national cancer organization suggest that she is due for some cancer screening tests, in... | B: Secondary prevention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy comes to the physician because of multiple patches on his trunk and thighs that are lighter than the rest of his skin. He also has similar depigmented lesions on his hands and feet and around the mouth. The patches have gradually increased in size over the past 2 years and are not associated with it... | B: Autoimmune melanocyte destruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A physician at an internal medicine ward notices that several of his patients have hyponatremia without any associated symptoms. Severe hyponatremia, often defined as < 120 mEq/L, is associated with altered mental status, coma, and seizures, and warrants treatment with hypertonic saline. Because some patients are chr... | A: Increased specificity and decreased negative predictive value |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A husband and wife consult a geneticist after an IUFD (intrauterine fetal demise). They both have achondroplasia. This would have been their 3rd child and 1st loss. Their 1st son also has achondroplasia while their daughter is phenotypically normal and is expected to grow to a normal height. The displayed pedigree is... | E: There is a 75% chance of having a viable offspring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:For which of the following patients would you recommend prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium-intracellulare?? {'A': '22-year old HIV positive female with CD4 count of 750 cells/ microliter and a viral load of 500,000 copies/mL', 'B': '30-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 20 cells/ microliter and a viral... | B: 30-year old HIV positive male with CD4 count of 20 cells/ microliter and a viral load of < 50 copies/mL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Four days ago, she visited a petting zoo with her family. Her temperature is 39.4°C (102.9°F). Abdominal examination shows tenderness to palpation of the right lower quadrant. Stool cultures at ... | C: Gram-negative, flagellated bacteria that do not ferment lactose |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-week-old girl is brought to a pediatrician due to feeding difficulty for the last 4 days. Her mother mentions that the infant breathes rapidly and sweats profusely while nursing. She has been drinking very little breast milk and stops feeding as if she is tired, only to start sucking again after a few minutes. Th... | C: Patent ductus arteriosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research group designed a study to investigate the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States. After a review of medical records, the investigators identified patients who were active cocaine users, but did not have a history of syphilis. They subsequently examined the patient's medical charts to determine wheth... | E: Retrospective cohort study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old college student presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of fever, muscle rigidity, and confusion. He was started on a new medication for schizophrenia 2 months ago. There is no history of sore throat, burning micturition, or loose motions. At the hospital, his temperature is 38.6°C (10... | B: Chlorpromazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old infant who lives in an old house is brought to the emergency department because of lethargy and skin discoloration that started after he was fed some locally prepared baby food being sold in a farmer's market. On presentation, he appears to be irritable and responds slowly to stimuli. Physical exam reve... | B: Cyanide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of pain and swelling in his right knee that began 3 days ago when he fell during football practice. He fell on his flexed right knee as he dove to complete a pass. He felt some mild knee pain but continued to practice. Over the next 2 days, the pain worsened and the kn... | A: Posterior cruciate ligament |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old G1P0000 presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit after having a positive home pregnancy test one week ago. She states that her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. The patient has a past medical history of type I diabetes mellitus since childhood and is on insulin. Her hemoglobin A1c ... | C: Neural tube defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician because of left leg swelling that started after a transcontinental flight. A duplex ultrasound of the left leg shows a noncompressible popliteal vein. A drug is prescribed that inhibits the coagulation cascade. Two weeks later, laboratory studies show: Platelet count 210,000... | D: Apixaban |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with depressed mood lasting for most days of the week for the past month. She also mentions that she has lost her appetite for the past 3 weeks. She adds that her job performance has significantly deteriorated because of these symptoms, and she feels like she will have to quit her job soo... | B: Lack of concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A randomized controlled trial is conducted investigating the effects of different diagnostic imaging modalities on breast cancer mortality. 8,000 women are randomized to receive either conventional mammography or conventional mammography with breast MRI. The primary outcome is survival from the time of breast cancer ... | C: Lead-time bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old female visits the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain and fever of 2-hours duration. She denies alcohol, cigarette, and drug use and reports no other medical problems. Body mass index is 30 kg/m^2. Her temperature is 38.5 degrees Celsius (101.3 degrees Fahrenheit), blood pressure is 130/... | C: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by fire and rescue after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. The paramedics report that the patient’s car slipped off the road during a rainstorm and rolled into a ditch. The patient was restrained and the airbags deployed during the crash. The patien... | C: Diagnostic peritoneal lavage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old healthy male presents to the emergency room complaining of severe abdominal pain. He reports that he was playing rugby for his college team when he was tackled on his left side by a member of the opposing team. He is currently experiencing severe left upper abdominal pain and left shoulder pain. A revie... | A: Basophilic nuclear remnants |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he was found half dressed and incoherent in the middle of the road. In the emergency department he states that he has not slept for 36 hours and that he has incredible ideas that will make him a billionaire within a few months. He also states that secret ... | C: Increased biogenic amine release |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Thirty minutes after normal vaginal delivery of twins, a 35-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, has heavy vaginal bleeding with clots. Physical examination shows a soft, enlarged, and boggy uterus. Despite bimanual uterine massage, administration of uterotonic drugs, and placement of an intrauterine balloon for tampon... | C: Cardinal ligament |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is working on creating synthetic hemoglobin that can be used to replace blood loss in humans. She therefore starts to study the behavior of this artificial hemoglobin in terms of its ability to bind oxygen. She begins by measuring the affinity between this synthetic hemoglobin and oxygen in a purified sys... | B: Left-shifted curve and increased oxygen binding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female comes to the physician because of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, bloating, and loose stools lasting several days to a couple weeks. She has had these episodes since she was 24 years old but they have worsened over the last 6 weeks. The site of the abdominal pain and the intensity of pain v... | D: Relief of abdominal pain after defecation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of increased urinary frequency, weak urinary stream, and occasional straining to void urine. Rectal examination shows a large, nontender prostate without asymmetry or nodularity. His serum creatinine, prostate-specific antigen, and urinalysis are al... | D: Decreased activity of phospholipase C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with fatigue and weakness. She states over the past 24 hours she has not felt like herself and has felt like she has no strength. The patient has no significant past medical history other than a single episode of blood-tinged diarrhea 1 week ago which resolved ... | E: Spirometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of bilateral eye pain for the past 2 days. The pain is described initially as “sand in the eye” but is now a sharp, stabbing pain. She denies any trauma, irritation, or new facial care products but endorses some joint pain in her fingers. Her past medical history... | B: Anti-Ro antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of blurry vision for the past 3 days. He has also had 4 episodes of right-sided headaches over the past month. He has no significant past medical history. His father died of coronary artery disease at the age of 62 years. His temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), pu... | A: Labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old girl presents to an outpatient office for a routine physical. She can sit momentarily propped on her hands, babbles with consonants, and transfers objects hand to hand. The pediatrician assures the parents that their daughter has reached appropriate developmental milestones. Which additional milestone w... | E: Stranger anxiety |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy who recently emigrated from Ukraine is brought to the physician for the evaluation of failure to thrive. Genetic analysis shows the deletion of the 508th codon in a gene on chromosome 7. The deletion results in defective post-translational folding of a protein and retention of the misfolded protein... | C: Sodium channels of respiratory epithelial cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn is evaluated by the on-call pediatrician. She was born at 33 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 34-year-old G1P1. The pregnancy was complicated by poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2. Her birth weight was 3,700 g and the appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (APGAR)... | B: Infant respiratory distress syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of difficulty breathing. He has had recurrent palpitations over the past 2 years. During this time, he has also had several episodes of anxiety despite no change in his daily life. He has occasional sharp chest pain localized to the left ... | B: Myxomatous valve degeneration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old male with HIV presents to his primary care provider complaining of persistent fevers and night sweats over the past four months. He has also experienced a productive cough. He has been poorly adherent to his HAART regimen. His past medical history also includes gout, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.... | E: Folate synthesis inhibitor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination, accompanied by his daughter. Two years ago, he was diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, for which he underwent radiation therapy. He moved to the area 1 month ago to be closer to his daughter but continues to live independently. He was recentl... | C: “I'm sorry, I can't discuss any information with you without his permission. I recommend that you have an open discussion with your father.” |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old G3P2103 with a past medical history of preeclampsia in her last pregnancy, HIV (CD4: 441/mm^3), and diabetes mellitus presents to her obstetrician for her first postpartum visit. She delivered her third child via C-section one week ago and reports that she is healing well from the surgery. She says that... | E: Restless legs syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents to the physician due to a progressively worsening weakness and an increasingly large abdomen. He notes that he eats well and is fairly active; however, his abdomen has become increasingly protuberant. He also complains of easy bruisability. His medical history is not significant and he take... | C: β-glucosidase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of fatigue and lethargy for 5 days. She has also had weakness and nausea for the last 3 days. She has sarcoidosis, major depressive disorder, and hypertension. She had a stroke 5 years ago. Current medications include aspirin, nifedipine, prednisolone... | E: Hyponatremia " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman comes to the physician with abdominal distention and mild diffuse abdominal discomfort. She has not had nausea, vomiting, fever, or chills. She was diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis 2 years ago. Examination shows a protruding, distended abdomen that is dull to percussion with a positive flu... | B: Furosemide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being rescued from a fire in her apartment. She reports nausea, headache, and dizziness. Physical examination shows black discoloration of her oral mucosa. Pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 99% on room air. The substance most likel... | A: Competitive binding to heme |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents with increased anxiety and a reeling sensation. Her complaint started 30 minutes ago with increased sweating and palpitations and is gradually worsening. On examination, the blood pressure was found to be 194/114 mm Hg. She had normal blood pressure at the local pharmacy 5 days ago. She c... | A: Increased urine metanephrines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 83-year-old man with advanced-stage prostate cancer comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of worsening lower back and hip pain. The patient's analgesic regimen includes oxycodone, ibuprofen, and alendronic acid. Physical examination shows localized tenderness over the lumbar spine and right hip. His c... | A: Constipation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old male newborn is brought to the physician because of poor feeding, a hoarse cry, and lethargy for 1 week. The boy was born in Mozambique, from where he and his parents emigrated 2 weeks ago. He is at the 95th percentile for head circumference, 50th percentile for length, and 70th percentile for weight. P... | B: Thyroid dysgenesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old obese Caucasian female presents to the Emergency Department late in the evening for left lower quadrant pain that has progressively worsened over the last several hours. She describes the pain as sharp and shooting, coming and going. Her last bowel movement was this morning. She has also had dysuria and... | D: Noncontrast CT scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is admitted to the medical floor after being diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. He has been in good health except for the use of steroids for the past 6 months for ulcerative colitis. The patient is started on the empiric therapy with ceftriaxone for the management of pneumonia. After 10 d... | D: Myeloperoxidase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a hematoma after falling during gym class. He claims that he has a history of prolonged nosebleeds and bruising/bleeding after minor injuries. Physical exam is unrevealing other than the hematoma. Labs are obtained showing an increased bleeding time and an ... | B: Decreased levels of factor VIII |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents to the physician for a scheduled checkup. He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 5 years ago and has been taking his prescribed metformin daily, as prescribed. He also started exercising and has improved his diet. He has no particular complaints at the time. The patient has no other... | A: Elevated triglycerides, low HDL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, is brought to the emergency department at 39 weeks' gestation in active labor. Her first child was delivered at 40 weeks' gestation by elective cesarean section due to limited range of motion in her hip. The patient has sickle cell disease. She has had multiple episodes of acut... | D: Positive direct Coombs test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the replication of bacterial DNA with modified nucleotides. After unwinding, the double-stranded DNA strand forms a Y-shaped replication fork that separates into two strands. At each of these strands, daughter strands are synthesized. One strand is continuously extended from the template s... | E: Repeated activity of ligase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A clinical trial is being run with patients that have a genetic condition characterized by abnormal hemoglobin that can undergo polymerization when exposed to hypoxia, acidosis, or dehydration. This process of polymerization is responsible for the distortion of the red blood cell (RBC) that acquires a crescent shape ... | A: Missense mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator isolates bacteria from a patient who presented with dysuria and urinary frequency. These bacteria grow rapidly in pink colonies on MacConkey agar. During replication of these bacteria, the DNA strands are unwound at the origin of replication, forming two Y-shaped replication forks that open in opposit... | B: Excision of nucleotides with 5'→3' exonuclease activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old banker is brought to a medical clinic by his concerned wife. For the past 3 weeks, he has not been eating well and has had a 10 kg (22 lb) weight loss. He wakes up very early in the mornings and feels extremely despondent. He no longer goes out on the weekends to hang out with his close friends nor does... | A: Amitriptyline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with increasing fatigue. He says that the fatigue started after he returned from vacation in South America 4 weeks ago and thinks that it may be related to an infection he got while abroad. He does not know the name of the infection but says that he went to a l... | C: Hypocellular bone marrow with fatty infiltration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A randomized control double-blind study is conducted on the efficacy of 2 sulfonylureas. The study concluded that medication 1 was more efficacious in lowering fasting blood glucose than medication 2 (p ≤ 0.05; 95% CI: 14 [10-21]). Which of the following is true regarding a 95% confidence interval (CI)?? {'A': 'It re... | C: The range of outcome values resulting from the trial has a 95% probability of encompassing the true value. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of scientists is studying the mechanism of action of various pancreatic hormones in rats. The scientists studied hormone A, which is secreted by the β-cells of the pancreas, and found that hormone A binds to a complex dimeric receptor on the cell membrane and exerts its effects via dephosphorylation of differ... | B: Adenylyl cyclase-cyclic AMP |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy presents with a sore throat and difficulty swallowing. The patient says he has had a sore throat over the last 3 weeks. Two days ago it became acutely more painful. There is no significant past medical history nor current medications. The vital signs include: temperature 38.2°C (100.8°F), blood pres... | D: Incision and drainage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man from Chile comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of upper back pain and difficulty swallowing. He has had pain in his shoulder and knee joints over the past 10 years. He is 190 cm (6 ft 3 in) tall and weighs 70.3 kg (155 lb); BMI is 19.4 kg/m2. His blood pressure is 142/86 mm Hg in the r... | D: Cystic medial degeneration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 41-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of recurrent episodes of palpitations and sweating over the past month. Her symptoms typically start after swimming practice and improve after drinking ice tea and eating some candy. She has also had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight gain over the p... | C: Pancreatic β-cell tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her parents for fever and easy bruising. Her parents report that the child has been bruising easily ever since an upper respiratory infection 3 months ago. For example, a bump into the table resulted in a large bruise on the side of her hip for a week. Three days ago, he... | E: Translocation of chromosomes 12 and 21 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to the urgent care center with several hours of worsening abdominal discomfort with radiation to the back. The patient also complains of malaise, chills, nausea, and vomiting. Social history is notable for alcoholism. On physical exam, she is febrile to 39.5°C (103.1°F), and she is diffus... | C: Gallstone pancreatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 38-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of left-sided weakness. As she was getting dressed this morning, she was suddenly unable to button up her shirt. When she showed her husband, he noticed that she seemed confused. She has a 3-year history of diabetes m... | D: Decreased ADAMTS13 activity in serum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man is referred to neurology by his primary care physician. He is accompanied by his wife. The patient reports having a resting tremor in his left hand for over a year and some “stiffness” in his left arm. His wife notes that he has started to walk "funny" as well. He has a history of hypertension and h... | D: Inhibits aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and a 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss despite eating more than usual. Her pulse is 115/min and blood pressure is 140/60 mm Hg. Physical examination shows warm, moist skin, and a diffuse, non-tender swelling over the anterior neck. Ophthalmo... | B: Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a general checkup. The patient works as a farmer and has no concerns about his health. He has a past medical history of hypertension and obesity. His current medications include lisinopril and metoprolol. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure i... | B: Femoral artery murmur |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During a study on the immune system, an investigator isolates and labels T cells from the cortex of the thymus. The T cells that do not bind cortical epithelial cells expressing MHC molecules undergo apoptosis within 3–4 days. Which of the following best describes the T cells during this phase of differentiation?? {'... | A: CD4+ and CD8+ |
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