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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man comes to the emergency department for right wrist pain and swelling 2 hours after falling on an outstretched hand while playing softball. The pain worsened when he attempted to pitch after the fall. He has eczema and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Current medications include insulin and topical clobetaso... | C: Scaphoid fracture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 81-year-old man presents to his cardiologist for ongoing management of mild heart failure. He has not had any changes in his cardiac function status and says that he is tolerating lisinopril without any major side effects. During the course of the visit, the patient says that he is unhappy with his urologist becaus... | D: Encourage the patient to speak with his urologist directly |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of weakness and fatigue. He states that his symptoms have worsened over the past day. He has a past medical history of IV drug abuse and alcoholism and he currently smells of alcohol. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 111/68 mmHg, p... | E: Vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two dizygotic twins present to the university clinic because they believe they are being poisoned through the school's cafeteria food. They have brought these concerns up in the past, but no other students or cafeteria staff support this belief. Both of them are average students with strong and weak subject areas as ... | C: Can affect two or more closely related individuals. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with diarrhea. Several days ago, he experienced a fever which has progressed to vomiting and diarrhea. He has had multiple episodes of non-bloody diarrhea and states that he feels fatigued. He is not up to date on his vaccinations and takes many different herbal s... | D: Rotavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is admitted to the emergency department with acute onset of confusion, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and a single episode of vomiting. He denies ingestion of any suspicious foods, fevers, respiratory symptoms, or any other symptoms preceding his current condition. However, he notes an inc... | D: Regular insulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old primigravid woman at 18 weeks’ gestation comes to the physician for her first prenatal visit. She works as a paralegal and lives with her husband. Her current pregnancy was unexpected, and she did not take any prenatal medications or supplements. Physical examination shows a uterus 2 inches above the um... | E: Anencephaly |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of episodic coughing whenever he cleans his left ear. There is no history of hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo. Stimulating his left ear canal with a cotton swab triggers a bout of coughing. The physician informs him that these s... | D: Ipsilateral vocal cord palsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of generalized fatigue and dark urine for 1 week. Four weeks ago, she was treated with topical mupirocin for a skin infection. Her 5-year-old brother has steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 90/min, respirations are 14/m... | A: Subepithelial immune complex deposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is getting fitted for leg braces because he has become too weak to walk without them. He developed normally until age 3 but then he began to get tired more easily and fell a lot. Over time he started having trouble walking and would stand up by using the Gower maneuver. Despite this weakness, his neu... | A: Frameshift |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman comes to the physician because of gradually worsening blurry vision in both eyes for 5 months. She has also had intermittent headaches for the past 2 months. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, second-degree heart block, and presbyopia. Her current medications include metformin, lisi... | C: Topical latanoprost therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has noted darkening of the skin around her neck since wearing a chain she recently bought at a thrift shop. The darkening occurred gradually over the past 2 months and is accompanied by thickening of the affected skin. She has peptic ulcer disease. Menses occur a... | E: Polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography of the pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of occasional discoloration and tingling in her fingers. She has no history of major medical illness and takes no medications. Examination of the hands and fingers shows thickened, waxy skin and several firm white nodules on the fingertips. Furthe... | C: Telangiectasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old African-American woman presents to the clinic for a routine check-up. Review of systems reveals that she often feels nervous and has recently developed a slight tremor. Of note, she has lost 15 pounds in the past 3 months, despite an increased appetite. The patient’s temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood ... | D: Lymphocytic infiltration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man has a history of intermittent bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, fever, fatigue, and lower abdominal cramps for the past 2 weeks. On physical examination, he is lethargic and appears lean and pale. He has aphthous stomatitis, red congested conjunctiva, and tender swollen joints. At the doctor’s office, his ... | B: Colonoscopy: Continuous ulcerated lesions involving the mucosa and submucosa granular mucosa, crypt abscess, and pseudopolyps, Barium study: Lead pipe colon appearance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman with metastatic ovarian cancer is brought to the physician by her son because she is in immense pain and cries all the time. On a 10-point scale, she rates the pain as an 8 to 9. One week ago, a decision to shift to palliative care was made after she failed to respond to 2 years of multiple chemot... | A: Increase dosage of morphine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever and lethargy for the past 2 days. He reports that during this time he has had occasional palpitations and shortness of breath. He has asthma and sickle cell disease. Current medications include inhaled albuterol, hydroxyurea, and folic acid. He... | D: Viral infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A well-dressed couple presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of headache, a sensation of floating, and weakness of arms and legs after eating a plate of shellfish 2 hours ago. They mention that they had experienced tingling of the lips and mouth within 15 minutes of ingesting the shellfish. They also ... | C: Blockade of voltage-gated fast sodium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor due to discolored, itchy skin, joint pain, and a feeling of abdominal fullness for the past week. Her medical history includes anxiety and depression. She also experiences occasional headaches and dizziness. Of note, the patient recently returned from an expedit... | E: Plasma retinol levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old African-American woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a nonproductive cough and chest pain. The pain is sharp and worse when she breathes deeply. During this time, she has also had two episodes of hematuria. Over the past 6 months, she has had intermittent pain, stiffness, and swel... | B: Low serum levels of C3 and C4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:One and a half hours after undergoing an elective cardiac catheterization, a 53-year-old woman has right flank and back pain. She has hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She had an 80% stenosis in the left anterior descending artery and 2 stents were placed. Intravenous unfractionated he... | C: CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old girl is brought to the physician by her father because he is concerned that she appears sickly and lethargic. She has always had a pale complexion, but it has been getting worse over the past month. She was delivered at home at 36 weeks to a 26-year-old woman following an uncomplicated pregnancy. She ha... | C: Triphalangeal thumb |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his physician complaining of pain. He states that in the morning he feels rather stiff and has general discomfort and pain in his muscles. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes and is not currently taking any medications. His temperature is 99.2°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is... | B: Glucocorticoids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is brought in by ambulance to the ER, barely conscious, after feeling drowsy and falling to the floor during a presentation several hours ago. His colleague who accompanied him says he has had similar episodes 5 times in the past 3 months. No significant past medical history. His blood pressure is 1... | C: Glucose: ↓, Insulin: ↑, C-Peptide: ↑, Ketoacidosis: Absent |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-kg (9-lb) weight loss over the last month. During this time he has not been able to eat more than one bite without coughing immediately and sometimes he regurgitates food through his nose. His symptoms are worse with liquids. One month ago he had a stroke in the... | A: Videofluoroscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency room with abdominal pain and nausea for the past 5 hours. The pain is diffusely spread and of moderate intensity. The patient also says he has not felt like eating since yesterday. He has no past medical history and is not on any medications. He regularly drinks 2–4 beers p... | B: Burn out of pancreatic beta cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fatigue and progressive pain and stiffness in her hands for 3 months. She used to play tennis but stopped 1 month ago because of difficulties holding the racket and her skin becoming “very sensitive to sunlight.” Her last menstrual period was 1 year ago. She has d... | D: Iron studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of repetitive, involuntary blinking, shrugging, and grunting for the past year. His mother states that his symptoms improve when he is physically active, while tiredness, boredom, and stress aggravate them. He has felt increasingly embarrassed by his symptoms in sc... | A: Excessive impulsivity and inattention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of passing large amounts of dark red blood from his rectum for 2 days. His parents noticed that he has also had several episodes of dark stools over the past 3 weeks. The parents report that their child has been sleeping more and has be... | B: Technetium-99m pertechnetate scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of an ulcer on his penis for 12 days. The ulcer is painful and draining yellow purulent material. He returned from a study abroad trip to India 3 months ago. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is sexually active with one female partner and uses condoms inconsistently... | E: Haemophilus ducreyi |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man comes to the physician because of tender, red nodules that appeared on his chest 3 days ago. Three weeks ago, he had similar symptoms in his right lower limb and another episode in his left foot; both episodes resolved spontaneously. He also has diarrhea and has had a poor appetite for 1 month. He h... | B: CT scan of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with high-grade fever and abdominal pain for the past 2 days. She also complains of malaise and has vomited several times since last night. The past medical history is benign. The vital signs include: temperature 40.0°C (104.0°F), pulse 120/min, respiratory rate 28/m... | C: It is composed of tubules and parenchyma. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman visits her primary care provider complaining of fatigue. Although she has had it for several months, her fatigue has been worsening over the past few weeks. She has no other symptoms. Past medical history is significant for hypertension. She takes chlorthalidone, an oral contraceptive pill, and a ... | B: Homocysteine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of frontal throbbing headaches for 3 weeks. Yesterday, the patient had blurry vision in both eyes and a brief episode of double vision. She has been taking ibuprofen with only mild improvement of her symptoms. She has polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 di... | D: Lumbar puncture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of abdominal swelling and vomiting over the past 24 hours. He has generalized abdominal pain. He has no history of any serious illnesses and takes no medications. His temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), blood pressure is 115/70 mm/Hg, pulse is 88/min, and r... | C: Endoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man is admitted to the ICU with a history of severe pancreatitis and new onset difficulty breathing. His vital signs are a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, heart rate of 100/min, respirations of 27/min, temperature of 36.7°C (98.1°F), and oxygen saturation of 85% on room air. Physical examination shows a... | D: Alveolar sacs |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old homeless man is brought to the emergency department after police found him in the park lying on the ground with a minor cut at the back of his head. He is confused with slurred speech and fails a breathalyzer test. Pupils are normal in size and reactive to light. A bolus of intravenous dextrose, thiamin... | A: Ataxic gait |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man is brought to the emergency department one hour after developing shortness of breath and “squeezing” chest pain that began while he was mowing the lawn. He has asthma, hypertension, and erectile dysfunction. Current medications include salmeterol, amlodipine, lisinopril, and vardenafil. His pulse is... | D: Cyclic GMP elevation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of multiple symptoms. He states that over the past 8 months he has noticed voice changes and difficulty swallowing. The dysphagia started with just dry foods like crackers but has progressed to include smoothies and ice cream. He works as a newspape... | E: Riluzole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of progressive fatigue and shortness of breath. Physical examination shows generalized pallor. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 5.8 g/dL Hematocrit 17% Mean corpuscular volume 86 μm3 Leukocyte count 6,200/mm3 with a normal differential Platele... | D: Thymic tumor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 35 minutes after he sustained a gunshot wound to the right thigh. He has type 1 diabetes mellitus. On arrival, his pulse is 112/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 115/69 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 98%. There... | E: Duplex ultrasonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old male is brought in by ambulance after he was found to be lethargic and confused. He has not been routinely seeing a physician and is unable to recall how he came to be in the hospital. His temperature is 99°F (37°C), blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg, pulse is 75/min, and respirations are 18/min. His past m... | E: Increased Bowman's space oncotic pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 25-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-hour history of sudden severe lower abdominal pain. The pain started shortly after having sexual intercourse. The pain is worse with movement and urination. The patient had several urinary tract infections as a child. She is ... | E: Emergency exploratory laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department after 3 hours of intense suprapubic pain associated with inability to urinate for the past day or two. His medical history is relevant for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that has been under treatment with prazosin and tadalafil. Upon admission, he is found to... | D: Urine output |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Study X examined the relationship between coffee consumption and lung cancer. The authors of Study X retrospectively reviewed patients' reported coffee consumption and found that drinking greater than 6 cups of coffee per day was associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer. However, Study X was critic... | E: Confounding; randomization or crossover study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 87-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department from her nursing home because of increasing confusion and lethargy for 12 hours. The nursing home aide says she did not want to get out of bed this morning and seemed less responsive than usual. She has Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and a history of nep... | B: Proteus mirabilis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought into the physician's office with complaints of nausea, vomiting, headache, and blurry vision. In preparation for final exams the patient's mother started her on an array of supplements and herbal preparations given the "viral illness" that is prevalent at her school. Despite these remedi... | B: Supplement use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother complaining of abdominal pain and constipation. She reports that his appetite has been reduced and that he has not had a bowel movement in 2 days. Prior to this, he had a regular bowel movement once a day. She also reports that he has appeared to be more t... | B: Inhibition of ferrochelatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is taken to the emergency room after losing consciousness. According to his wife, he suddenly complained of fluttering in his chest, lightheadedness, and profuse sweating while walking to the grocery store. He then turned gray, lost consciousness, and collapsed onto the ground. His medical history i... | C: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents with vision loss in her right eye. She noticed the visual changes the morning of presentation and has never experienced this visual disturbance before. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type II diabetes mellitus. She is currently on lisinopril,... | B: Lateral geniculate nucleus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a follow-up examination. He has had a short stature since birth and underwent diagnostic testing. Genetic analyses showed a gain of function mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. He has met all developmental milestones. He is... | E: Frontal bossing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to her university health clinic for a regularly scheduled visit. She has a past medical history of depression, acne, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and dysmenorrhea. She is currently on paroxetine, dextroamphetamine, and naproxen during her menses. She is using nicotine replace... | B: Check hCG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for evaluation of a tender red big toe. His mother also notes that she has seen him recently starting to bite his own fingers and also exhibits spasms of muscle tightness. She reports that his diapers often contain the substance shown in the photograph. On exam he is no... | B: Allopurinol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the Emergency Department after 3 consecutive days of diarrhea, fatigue and weakness. His stool has been soft and mucoid, with no blood stains. The patient just came back from a volunteer mission in Guatemala, where he remained asymptomatic. His personal medical history is unremarkable.... | B: High urine osmolality, low FeNa+, low urine Na+ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician with fever and malaise. For the past 2 days, she has felt fatigued and weak and has had chills. Last night, had a temperature of 40.8°C (104.2°F). She has had a sore throat since this morning. The patient was recently diagnosed with Graves disease and started on methimazole.... | E: Discontinue methimazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of exertional shortness of breath and fatigue. She sometimes wakes up at night coughing and gasping for air. Cardiac examination shows a grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex. Which of the following physical exam findings would be ... | A: Early diastolic extra heart sound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of investigators who are studying individuals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi is evaluating the ELISA absorbance cutoff value of serum samples for diagnosis of infection. The previous cutoff point is found to be too high, and the researchers decide to lower the threshold by 15%. Which of the following outcome... | A: Increased negative predictive value |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of burning epigastric pain, dry cough, and occasional regurgitation. The pain is aggravated by eating and lying down. Physical examination shows a soft, non-tender abdomen. Upper endoscopy shows hyperemia in the distal third of the esophagus. Which... | D: Lansoprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last for 3–5 days, with normal flow. They are occasionally accompanied by pain. Three years ago, she was diagnosed with chlamydial cervicitis and treated with doxycycli... | C: Repeat Pap smear in 12 months |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of mild abdominal pain, yellowish discoloration of eyes, and itching all over his body for a year. He recently lost 2.4 kg (5.3 lb) over a period of 1 month. He says that his urine is dark and stool appears clay-colored. He denies any history of hematemesis, me... | C: Idiopathic inflammatory scarring of the bile duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of a rash on her face that first appeared 3 days ago. She was delivered at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. She is at the 25th percentile for length and 40th percentile for weight. Examination shows small perioral vesicles surrounded by erythema and ... | A: Severe congenital neutropenia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after he was involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision where he was the unrestrained passenger. He has severe lower abdominal and pelvic pain. On arrival, he is alert and oriented. His pulse is 95/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressu... | E: Retrograde cystography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening heartburn and abdominal pain for the past 4 months. During this period she has also had multiple episodes of greasy diarrhea. Six months ago, she had similar symptoms and was diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. Her mother died of complications from uncontro... | C: Parietal cell hyperplasia in the stomach |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents with a mass on his neck. He says that he first noticed the mass a few weeks ago while taking a shower. Since then, the mass has not increased in size. He denies any pain or difficulty in swallowing. Past medical history is unremarkable. Family history is significant for his father who had h... | E: Medullary carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man presents to the office complaining of dry, irritated eyes that have gotten worse over the last week. The patient states that he has also developed a red bumpy rash on his arms. On exam, his bilateral cornea and conjunctiva are dry and thickened. There are small ulcerations on the cornea. The skin of... | E: Vitamin A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy presents with fever, generalized fatigue, nausea, and progressive anemia. The patient’s mother says his condition was normal until one week ago when he started having flu-like symptoms such as fever, general fatigue, and abdominal discomfort. Past medical experience is significant for sickle cell dis... | A: Parvovirus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of dull pain in his scrotum and lower back pain over the last 3 months. He is a computer engineer working in a private IT company. He had an uncomplicated appendectomy at the age of 22 years, but is otherwise without a significant past medical histor... | B: Chemotherapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of recurrent headaches and nausea. The headaches occur a few times a month and alternately affect the right or left side. The headaches are exacerbated by loud sounds or bright light. She is in graduate school and has been under a lot of stress r... | A: Migraine headache |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after the sudden onset of colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. She also has redness and swelling of the face and lips without pruritus. Her symptoms began following a tooth extraction earlier this morning. She had a similar episode of facial swelling a... | B: Complement inhibitor deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of episodic shortness of breath. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show elevated serum IgE levels. Microscopic examination of the sputum shows eosinophilic, hexagonal, double-pointed crystals. A methacholine challenge t... | D: Dust mites |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the emergency department for complaints of crushing chest pain for 4 hours. He was shoveling snow outside when the pain started. It is rated 7/10 and radiates to his left arm. An electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrates ST-segment elevation in leads V2-4. He subsequently undergoes percutaneous ... | B: Harsh, loud, holosystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to your clinic for a routine checkup. His medical history is notable for a previous myocardial infarction. He states that he has not seen a doctor in "many years". He has no complaints. When you auscultate over the cardiac apex with the bell of your stethoscope, you notice an additional sou... | B: Decreased left ventricular compliance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever and left ear pain. Examination of the left ear shows a bulging tympanic membrane with green discharge. Gram stain of the discharge shows a gram-negative coccobacillus. The isolated organism grows on chocolate agar. The causal pathogen mo... | D: Cleavage of secretory immunoglobulins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You have been asked to deliver a lecture to medical students about the effects of various body hormones and neurotransmitters on the metabolism of glucose. Which of the following statements best describes the effects of sympathetic stimulation on glucose metabolism?? {'A': 'Norepinephrine causes increased glucose abs... | E: Epinephrine increases liver glycogenolysis. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism presents with a chronic cough and dyspnea. He says he traveled to Asia about 4 months ago and his symptoms started shortly after he returned. His temperature is 40.2°C (104.4°F) and pulse is 92/min. Physical examination reveals poor personal hygiene and a cough p... | B: Inoculation of a sputum sample into selective agar media needs to be incubated at 35–37°C (95.0–98.6°F) for up to 8 weeks. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old female with a history of mild asthma, type II diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia presents to clinic complaining of swelling in her lips (Image A). She has had no changes to her medications within the past two years. Vital signs are stable. Physical exam is notable for significant erythema around... | A: Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to the physician because of headache, malaise, fatigue, aching pain in the bones, and a non-itchy skin rash for the past week. He reports that he had developed a single, raised, red-colored eruption over the glans penis 2 months ago, which had healed spontaneously 1 month ago. Physical exam... | A: Prescribe an antipyretic and an analgesic for symptom relief |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother due to the recent onset of fever and ear pain. He began tugging on his ear and complaining of pain 3 days ago. The mother reports a temperature of 37.8°C (100.0°F) this morning, with decreased appetite. The current temperature is 38.6ºC (101.4ºF). Ear, nose, and... | A: Amoxicillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening abdominal pain over the last several months. He has also had recent feelings of sadness and a lack of motivation at work, where he is employed as a computer programmer. He denies suicidal thoughts. He has a history of multiple kidney stones. He has a famil... | B: Urine metanephrines |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old woman presents with 2 months of foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea. She says that she also has felt very tired recently and has had some associated bloating and flatus. She denies any recent abdominal pain, nausea, melena, hematochezia, or vomiting. She also denies any history of recent travel and states t... | A: Fecal fat test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother with complaints of clear nasal discharge and cough for the past 2 weeks. The mother says that her son has pain during swallowing. Also, the boy often complains of headaches with a mild fever. Although his mother gave him some over-the-counter medication, there ... | B: Acute sinusitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male presents to the physician after noticing gross blood with urination. He reports that this is not associated with pain. The patient smokes 1.5 packs per day for 45 years. Dipstick analysis is positive for blood, with 5 RBC per high-power field (HPF) on urinalysis. A cystoscopy is performed, which is... | A: Gentamicin enhances toxicity risk |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three hours after undergoing open proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, a 42-year-old male complains of abdominal pain. The pain is localized to the periumbilical and hypogastric regions. A total of 20 mL of urine has drained from his urinary catheter since the end of the procedure. Temperature is 37.2°C (98.9°F), ... | C: Administer intravenous fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Three days after undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, a 72-year-old man has severe right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, benign prostatic hyperplasia, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic mesenteric ischemia. He had smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 3... | D: Intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam therapy and percutaneous cholecystostomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department for weight loss and abdominal pain. The patient states that he has felt steadily more fatigued over the past month and has lost 22 pounds without effort. Today, he fainted prompting his presentation. The patient has no significant past medical history. He does ha... | C: Intellectualization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A home drug screening test kit is currently being developed. The cut-off level is initially set at 4 mg/uL, which is associated with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 97%. How might the sensitivity and specificity of the test change if the cut-off level is changed to 2 mg/uL?? {'A': 'Sensitivity = 90%, specif... | D: Sensitivity = 97%, specificity = 96% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman presents to the office for a follow-up visit. She was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver 1 year ago and is currently receiving symptomatic treatment along with complete abstinence from alcohol. She does not have any complaints. She has a 4-year history of gout, which has been asymptomatic durin... | B: Liver disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of abdominal pain and bloody, mucoid diarrhea for 3 days. He has been taking over-the-counter supplements for constipation over the past 6 months. He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 15 years ago. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. His ... | A: Focal weakness of the colonic muscularis layer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician with concerns about swelling and pain in her right breast. Physical examination shows erythema and prominent pitting of the hair follicles overlying the upper and lower outer quadrants of the right breast. There are no nipple changes or discharge. A core needle biopsy shows ... | B: Obstruction of the lymphatic channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the emergency department 25 minutes after the onset of severe left periorbital pain and blurred vision in the same eye. The pain began soon after she entered a theater to watch a movie. She has a headache and vomited twice on the way to the hospital. Two weeks ago, she had acute sinusitis... | E: Angle-closure glaucoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old female with chronic kidney failure secondary to diabetes asks her nephrologist to educate her about the techniques used to evaluate the degree of kidney failure progression. She learns about the concept of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and learns that it can be estimated by measuring the levels of so... | C: Inulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because he was found stumbling in the street heedless of oncoming traffic. On arrival, he is found to be sluggish and has slow and sometimes incoherent speech. He is also drowsy and falls asleep several times during questioning. Chart review shows that he has p... | A: Cardiovascular collapse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery and is exclusively breastfed. He weighed 3,400 g (7 lb 8 oz) at birth. At the physician's office, he appears well. His pulse is 146/min, the respirations are 39/min, and the b... | C: Intentionally rolls over |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for a 1-month history of fever, malaise, and skin rash. He has had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss during this period. He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. He appears pale. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F), pulse is 110/min, and blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg.... | D: Microemboli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by the police for impaired cognition and agitation after being struck in the head at a local nightclub. The patient refuses to respond to questions and continues to be markedly agitated. An alcoholic smell is noted. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), pulse is ... | E: Phencyclidine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 18 weeks' gestation, comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She recently read about a genetic disorder that manifests with gait ataxia, kyphoscoliosis, and arrhythmia and is concerned about the possibility of her child inheriting the disease. There is no personal or fa... | C: 1/40,000 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of difficulty breathing and vomiting that began 1 hour after she took an amoxicillin tablet. She appears anxious. Her pulse is 140/min, respirations are 40/min, and blood pressure is 72/39 mmHg. She has several well-circumscribed, rai... | E: Epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought in for initial evaluation by a pediatrician after he was adopted from an international orphanage. On presentation, he is found to have difficulty with walking as well as bone and joint pain. The adoption papers for the child state that he was the product of a normal birth with no medical ... | A: It is a fat soluble vitamin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents to the emergency department after his parents found him drinking blue liquid out of an unlabeled bottle in the garage. They have no idea what was in the bottle and are concerned for his health. They have brought the bottle with them to the emergency department. The child's past medical histo... | D: Gastrografin swallow and endoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn is brought to the pediatric clinic by his mother because she has noticed a swelling in the belly while dressing her baby. On physical examination, the newborn is found to have a non-tender upper abdominal mass. The clinician also noticed absent irises and undescended testes in this baby. A magnetic resonanc... | B: Deletion 11-p-13 |
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