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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased fatigue over the last year. He also says that his friends say he appears to be more pale. His past medical history is significant for 10 years of arthritis. Physical exam reveals spoon shaped nails as well as conjunctival pallor. Based... | B: Anemia of chronic disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation presents with a headache. Her pregnancy has been managed by a nurse practitioner. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 164/104 mmHg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a c... | E: Severe preeclampsia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for the evaluation of multiple behavioral problems. The parents report that their son has been bullying several classmates at school over the past year. During this period, he has been accused twice of stealing items from a local store. He has also beaten u... | D: Antisocial personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches is brought to the emergency room because of a severe, sudden-onset, throbbing headache and double vision for 1 hour. She says that she has been having frequent headaches and has not had her period in several months. Her blood pressure is 93/61 mm Hg. Visual fie... | B: Pituitary apoplexy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of palpitations and dizziness. His pulse is 65/min and regular. An ECG is shown. A drug is administered that inhibits non-dihydropyridine calcium channels in the heart and his symptoms improve. The drug administered to the patient most likely has wh... | E: Prolongation of AV node repolarization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of a 2-day history of redness and foreign body sensation in both eyes. She has not had vision loss. Her mother reports that she has also had violent coughing spells followed by a high-pitched inspiratory sound during this time. For the past week, she has had low-g... | B: Oral azithromycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fatigue. He states that his symptoms started yesterday and have been worsening steadily. The patient endorses a recent weight loss of 7 pounds this past week and states that he feels diffusely itchy. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse, o... | E: Severe migraine headaches treated with acetaminophen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital 8 hours after the onset of impaired speech and right-sided weakness. Two days after admission, he becomes confused and is difficult to arouse. His pulse is 64/min and blood pressure is 166/96 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air... | B: Increase the respiratory rate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 6 day history of persistent fevers. In addition, he has noticed that he feels weak and sometimes short of breath. His past medical history is significant for congenital heart disease though he doesn't remember the specific details. He has been unemployed f... | D: Left-sided colon cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old African American man presents to the emergency department with edema over his face and difficulty breathing. Past medical history is significant for hypertension and dyslipidemia. He recently began lisinopril and atorvastatin several weeks ago. His father died at 80 years from complications of a stroke ... | D: Drug-induced angioedema |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the office for evaluation of pruritic skin lesions, which he has had for 1 month on his elbows and knees. He has been using over-the-counter ointments, but they have not helped. He has not seen a healthcare provider for many years. He has no known allergies. His blood pressure is 140/80 ... | A: Malabsorption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with progressive retrosternal chest pain and shortness of breath that started the day before. The pain is severe, worsens with inspiration, and radiates to his neck. He has also had a sore throat and neck pain the last 4 days. He remained bed-bound during this ... | C: Intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Every time your neighbor in the adjacent apartment flushes the toilet, the water in your shower becomes very hot, causing you to jump out of the way of the water stream. After this has occurred for several months, you note that you reflexively jump back from the water directly after the sound of the flushing toilet b... | E: White coat syndrome (patient anxiety evoked at the sight of a white lab coat) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 12 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She reports feeling fatigued, but she is otherwise feeling well. Pregnancy and delivery of her first 2 children were complicated by iron deficiency anemia. The patient does not smoke or drink alcohol. She does ... | A: Small for gestational age |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician with complaints of recurrent episodes of dysuria for the past few months. Her parents reported 4 to 5 similar episodes in the last year. They also note that she has had several urinary tract infections throughout her childhood. She has no other medical problems and takes ... | D: Voiding cystourethrogram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after undergoing hemicolectomy for colon cancer, a 78-year-old man is found agitated and confused in his room. He says that a burglar broke in. The patient points at one corner of the room and says “There he is, doctor!” Closer inspection reveals that the patient is pointing to his bathrobe, which is hanging... | B: Illusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after an uncomplicated laparoscopic abdominal hernia repair, a 46-year-old man is evaluated for palpitations. He has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a ventricular septal defect that closed spontaneously as a child. His father has coronary artery disease. Prior to admission, his only ... | A: Hypokalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a headache that has lasted for 2 hours. His headache is severe and he rates it as a 10/10 on the pain scale. It is generalized and associated with nausea and photophobia. He denies any history of head trauma or fever. He has a history of migraines, but he sa... | E: CT head |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the structure and function of immunoglobulins that are transmitted across the placenta from mother to fetus. The structure indicated by the arrow is primarily responsible for which of the following immunological events?? {'A': 'Formation of dimer', 'B': 'Binding to mast cells', 'C': 'Fixin... | C: Fixing of complement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found down in the middle of the street. Bystanders reported to the police that they had seen the man as he exited a local bar, and he was subsequently assaulted. He sustained severe facial trauma, including multiple lacerations and facial bone fract... | C: Voluntary motor and sensory components |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man with hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, and history of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) comes to your office for evaluation of hypertension. Previously, his blood pressure was controlled with diet and an ACE inhibitor. Today, his blood pressure is 180/115 mm Hg, and his creatinine is in... | B: Renal artery stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic with a history of hypertension and a variety of systemic complaints including fatigue, occasional fever, abdominal pain, and diffuse palpable, pruritic eruptions over his lower extremities. He is currently unemployed. His medical history is significant for gout, hy... | C: Type III–immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two months ago, she was diagnosed with asthma and treatment was begun with an albuterol inhaler as needed. Since then, she has had episodic chest tightness and cough 2–3 times per week. The cough is intermittent and nonproductive; it is worse... | A: Oropharyngeal candidiasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 32-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with fatigue and bilateral leg swelling. Her pulse is 92/min, and respirations are 24/min. Physical examination shows jugular venous distention and pitting edema of the lower extremities. Her abdomen is distended with shifting dullness and tende... | B: Intravenous drug use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought in by his parents to his pediatrician. The boy was born by spontaneous vaginal delivery at 39 weeks and 5 days after a normal pregnancy. The boy has received all age-appropriate vaccinations as of his last visit at 18 months of age. Of note, the boy has confirmed sickle cell disease and th... | E: Pneumovax |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) type 2 is a consequence of a defective pancreatic enzyme, which normally acts as a glucose sensor, resulting in a mild hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemia is especially exacerbated during pregnancy. Which of the following pathways is controlled by this enzyme?? {'A': 'Glucose ... | A: Glucose --> glucose-6-phosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents to the clinic for chronic fatigue of 3 months duration. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension, both of which are controlled with medications, as well as constipation. He denies any fever, weight loss, pain, or focal neurologic deficits. A complete blood co... | B: Inferior mesenteric artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 30 minutes after the sudden onset of speech difficulties and right-sided arm and leg weakness. Examination shows paralysis and hypoesthesia on the right side, positive Babinski sign on the right, and slurred speech. A CT scan of the head shows a hy... | B: Alteplase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her physician with a missed mense and occasional morning nausea. Her menstrual cycles have previously been normal and on time. She has hypothyroidism resulting from Hashimoto thyroiditis diagnosed 2 years ago. She receives levothyroxine (50 mcg daily) and is euthyroid. She does not tak... | D: Increase levothyroxine dosage by 20%–30% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:To maintain blood glucose levels even after glycogen stores have been depleted, the body, mainly the liver, is able to synthesize glucose in a process called gluconeogenesis. Which of the following reactions of gluconeogenesis requires an enzyme different from glycolysis?? {'A': '2-phosphoglycerate --> 3-phosphoglyce... | B: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate --> Fructose-6-phosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman from Ecuador is admitted to the hospital because of tarry-black stools and epigastric pain for 2 weeks. The epigastric pain is relieved after meals, but worsens after 1–2 hours. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Fecal occul... | A: Curved, flagellated gram-negative rods |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old, pale-looking boy presents with high-grade fever and ecchymosis, which he has been experiencing for the past 2 weeks. The boy has achieved all developmental milestones on time and has no history of medical illness in the past. Lab investigations reveal the following: Hemoglobin 5.5 g/dL WBC 112,000/mm3 P... | C: CD19, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man who is a professional baseball player presents with stiffness in his hands. He says he is unable to bat as he would like and feels like he lacks power in his swings. He also has noticed that he sometimes seems to be dragging his feet while walking, and his voice seems to have changed. On physical ex... | E: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency room with malaise, nausea, and vomiting. Four hours prior to presentation, he was spraying insecticide at his farm when he started feeling nauseous. He has had multiple episodes of diarrhea and has vomited non-bloody, non-bilious fluid twice. He also complains of muscle cra... | D: Pralidoxime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a complaint of lower back pain that has developed over the past week. He works in construction but cannot recall a specific injury or incident that could have led to this pain. He denies any pain, weakness, or change/loss of sensation in his legs. The pati... | E: Naproxen and activity as tolerated |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with vomiting and one day of lethargy after a one week history of flu-like symptoms and low-grade fevers. The vomiting is nonbilious and nonbloody. The patient has had no other symptoms aside from mild rhinorrhea and cough. He has no past medical history, and is on no medications except for ... | E: Irreversible enzyme inhibition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman comes to the office with complaints of dark urine and low-grade fever for 3 months. She also expresses her concerns about feeling fatigued most of the time. She says that she thought her dark urine was from dehydration and started to drink more water, but it showed minimal improvement. She reports... | C: Autoimmune hepatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month-old boy presents with fever, chills, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes. His elder brother is having similar symptoms. Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient is diagnosed with an influenza virus infection. Assuming that this is the child’s first exposure to the influenza virus, which of the follo... | A: Natural killer cell-induced lysis of virus infected cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with worsening shortness of breath, cough, and fatigue. He reports that his shortness of breath was worst at night, requiring him to sit on a chair in order to get some sleep. Medical history is significant for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary hea... | C: Ascending loop of Henle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She feels well. Pregnancy and delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. She has a history of bipolar disorder and hypothyroidism. She uses cocaine once a month and has a history of drinking alcohol excess... | D: Premature placental separation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for cervical cancer screening. She has no complaints and is sexually active. There is no history of cervical cancer or other malignancy in her family. A complete physical examination, including an examination of the genitourinary system, is normal. A sampling of the ce... | C: Colposcopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for painful menses. Her menses are regular, occurring every 28 days and lasting approximately 4 days. Menarche was at age 12. Over the past 6 months, she has started to develop aching pelvic pain during the first 2 days of her menstrual period. Ibuprofen provides moder... | D: Prostaglandin-induced myometrial contraction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman comes to the physician because of intermittent abdominal pain for the past month. The patient reports that the pain is located in the right upper abdomen and that it does not change with food intake. She has had no nausea, vomiting, or change in weight. She has a history of hypertension and hyperl... | B: Gallbladder adenocarcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman goes to a walk-in clinic while on the fourth day of her honeymoon. She is very upset saying that her honeymoon is being ruined because she is in severe pain. She states that yesterday she began to experience severe pain with urination and seems to be urinating more frequently than normal. She does... | C: P fimbriae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Four months ago, he underwent a renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease. Current medications include sirolimus, tacrolimus, and prednisolone. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. Serum studies show a creatinine concentration of 2.... | A: Tacrolimus toxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of severe pain (10/10 in severity) between the shoulder blades. He describes the pain as tearing in nature. Medical history is positive for essential hypertension for 11 years. The patient has smoked 10–15 cigarettes daily for the past 30 year... | D: Aortic atherosclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old male presents to the emergency department complaining of a headache. He reports that he developed a severe throbbing headache with blurred vision two hours ago. He has never experienced symptoms like these before. His past medical history is notable for hyperlipidemia and poorly controlled hypertension.... | B: Administer IV labetalol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 10-hour history of severe nausea and abdominal pain that began 30 minutes after eating dinner. The pain primarily is in her right upper quadrant and occasionally radiates to her back. She has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterole... | C: Antibiotic therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to his physician with a cough that has persisted for 4 weeks. His cough is usually nocturnal and awakens him from sleep. He denies having a fever, but was diagnosed with asthma when he was 15 years old and uses inhaled albuterol for relief of his symptoms. He usually needs to use a rescue i... | D: Add daily inhaled corticosteroids to the current regimen. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents with multiple, target-like skin lesions on his right and left upper and lower limbs. He says that the lesions appeared 4 days ago and that, over the last 24 hours, they have extended to his torso. Past medical history is significant for pruritus and pain on the left border of his lower lip ... | E: Interferon (IFN) gamma production by CD4+ T cells in the skin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with the symptom of generalized malaise over the last month. He also has abdominal pain that has been persistent and not relieved by ibuprofen. He has unintentionaly lost 22 pounds recently. During this time, the patient has experienced intermittent diarrhea wh... | A: CT scan of the abdomen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-hour history of fever, an itchy rash, and generalized body aches. Ten days ago, he received treatment in the emergency department for a snake bite. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 120/84 mm Hg. Physical examination sho... | E: Decreased serum complement concentration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man who is post-op day 4 following a radical nephrectomy is noted to have a temperature of 103.4F, pulse of 115, blood pressure of 86/44, and respiratory rate of 26. Arterial blood gas shows a pH of 7.29 and pCO2 of 28. Chemistry panel shows: Na+ 136, Cl- 100, HCO3- 14. CBC is significant for a signific... | B: Decreased activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 89-year-old woman is admitted to the neurology intensive care unit following a massive cerebral infarction. She has a history of hypertension, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer. Her medications include lisinopril and aspirin. She has smoked a few cigarettes each day for the last 60 years. She does not drink alcohol ... | C: Mechanical hyperventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old male with a history of hypertension, coronary artery disease status post 3-vessel coronary artery bypass surgery 5 years prior, stage III chronic kidney disease and a long history of uncontrolled diabetes presents to your office. His diabetes is complicated by diabetic retinopathy, gastroparesis with as... | E: Metoclopramide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for an annual check-up. He says that he has no significant developments over the last year and that he has been feeling well in general. On presentation, his temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 140/95 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 12/m... | D: Pindolol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female presents to her primary care provider with pelvic pain. She reports that for the last several years, she has had chronic pain that is worst just before her menstrual period. Over the past two months, she has also had worsening pain during intercourse. She denies dysuria, vaginal discharge, or vag... | E: Laparoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The study is performed to examine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Group of 250 subjects diagnosed with DM2 and a matched group of 250 subjects without DM2 are enrolled. Each subject is monitored regularly over their lifetime for the development of symptoms of demen... | D: It is a prospective observational study. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. An EKG demonstrates an ST elevation myocardial infarction, and he is managed appropriately. The patient suffers from multiple comorbidities and was recently hospitalized for a myocardial infarction. The patient has a docum... | C: Do not intubate the patient given his living will |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of dry mouth for the past 2 months. The patient states that she drinks a lot of water but that her mouth is always dry. She says that she recently went to the dentist and had 3 cavities, which is more than she has ever had in her adult life. She has a history of ... | C: Autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman is voted off the board of her garden club for tardiness and incomplete work on the spring fair. When she arrives home, her husband attempts to console her and she yells at him for constantly criticizing her. Which defense mechanism is the woman using?? {'A': 'Intellectualization', 'B': 'Projection... | C: Displacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old girl presents to her primary care physician due to concerns of not having her first menstrual period. She reports a mild headache but otherwise has no concerns. She does not take any medications. She states that she is sexually active and uses condoms inconsistently. Medical history is unremarkable. Men... | D: Obtain an MRI of the pituitary |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of pruritic blister formation. Physical examination shows multiple 1–3 cm bullae on the palms, soles, lower legs, and inguinal folds. Gentle rubbing of the skin does not result in sloughing of the epidermis. Immunofluorescence studies of a periles... | A: At the dermoepidermal junction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic with complaints of right-sided chest pain, which is exacerbated during inspiration. She also reports intermittent fevers for the past 3 months associated with pain in both knee joints. She gives a history of an unintended 3 kg (6 lbs) weight loss in the past 2 months. ... | C: Antibody to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the regulation of adrenal hormone synthesis in rats. The investigator takes serum concentrations of different hormones before and after intravenous administration of metyrapone, which inhibits adrenal 11β-hydroxylase. The serum concentration of which of the following hormones is most likel... | C: Epinephrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are investigating a new mouse model of glycogen regulation. They add hepatocyte enzyme extracts to radiolabeled glucose to investigate glycogen synthesis, in particular two enzymes. They notice that the first enzyme adds a radiolabeled glucose to the end of a long strand of radiolabeled glucose. The secon... | C: Glycogen synthase and branching enzyme |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician because of intense anal pain that began 2 hours ago. He has a history of chronic constipation and rectal itching. His past medical history is otherwise unremarkable. He takes no medications. His vital signs are within normal limits. Because of extreme pain, a rectal examinatio... | A: Elliptical excision |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old African-American male with no active medical problems presents to his primary care physician for a general check up. His blood pressure on the previous visit was 145/90, and his blood pressure at this visit is found to be 150/95. He is prescribed hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, to treat his hy... | B: Potassium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman with schizophrenia comes to the office for a follow-up appointment. She has been hospitalized 4 times in the past year, and she has failed to respond to multiple trials of antipsychotic medications. Six weeks ago, she was brought to the emergency department by her husband because of a bizarre beha... | E: Clozapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with lower back pain. He notes that the pain started over a year ago but has become significantly worse over the past few months. The pain is most severe in the mornings. His past medical history is unremarkable except for a recent episode of right eye pain an... | A: Indomethacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to an urgent care center following a presumed bee sting while at a picnic with her friends. She immediately developed a skin rash and swelling over her arms and face. She endorses diffuse itching over her torso. She denies any episodes similar to this and has no significant medical histor... | A: Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his fiancée for altered mental status. She states that they got in a fight that morning. She later got a text from him at work that said he was going to kill himself. She rushed back home and found him unconscious on the living room floor surrounded by his p... | C: Hemodialysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing pain in the right hip for 2 months. The pain is intermittent, presenting at the lateral side of the hip and radiating towards the thigh. It is aggravated while climbing stairs or lying on the right side. Two weeks ago, the patient was treated with a cou... | A: Greater trochanteric pain syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because she has been increasingly reluctant to speak at school over the past 4 months. Her teachers complain that she does not answer their questions and it is affecting her academic performance. She was born at 35 weeks' gestation and pregnancy was complica... | D: Selective mutism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after emergency treatment for acute decompensated heart failure in the coronary care unit (CCU), a 68-year-old man develops palpitations. He has a history of ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure for the last 10 years. His current medications include intravenous furosemide and oral medications ... | D: Iatrogenic dehydration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 37-year-old gravida-3-para-1 (G-3-P-1) who underwent in vitro fertilization delivers a boy vaginally. On examination, he is found to have a ventral urethral meatus inferior to the glans. Which statement is correct?? {'A': 'Younger age of the mother is a major risk factor for this condition', 'B': 'It result... | E: It results from failure of the genital folds to fuse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 9-month history of pain and stiffness in the right knee. He reports that the stiffness lasts approximately 10 minutes after waking up and that the pain is worse in the evening. There is no history of trauma. He is 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) t... | A: Osteophytes and narrowing of the joint-space |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5 year-old-boy with a history of severe allergies and recurrent sinusitis presents with foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea. He is at the 50th percentile for height and weight. The boy's mother reports that he has had several such episodes of diarrhea over the years. He does not have any known history of fungal infection... | E: IgA deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after loss of consciousness. He is accompanied by his wife. He is started on intravenous fluids, and his vital signs are assessed. His blood pressure is 85/50 mm Hg, pulse 50/min, and respiratory rate 10/min. He has been admitted in the past for a heart conditi... | B: Enalapril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old male with a medical history significant for hypertension, recurrent urinary tract infections, mitral valve prolapse, and diverticulosis experiences a sudden, severe headache while watching television on his couch. He calls 911 and reports to paramedics that he feels as if "someone shot me in the back of... | D: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old G0P0 woman presents to a gynecologist for evaluation of a breast mass. She has never seen a gynecologist before but says she noticed the mass herself while showering yesterday. She also reports a neck ache following a minor car accident last week in which she was a restrained driver. She otherwise feels... | A: Breast ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old construction worker falls off a 2-story scaffolding and injures his back. His coworkers bring him to the urgent care clinic within 30 minutes of the fall. He complains of left lower-limb weakness and loss of sensation in the right lower limb. He does not have any past medical history. His vital signs ar... | A: Left-sided numbness at the level of the lesion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower extremity numbness, weakness, and urinary incontinence. She has not had any trauma. Neurologic examination shows bilateral lower extremity weakness. Stroking the lateral side of the sole of the foot from the heel to the base of the small t... | A: Spasticity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman gravida 1, para 1, comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of a right breast lump and a 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss. She has not had any breast pain or nipple discharge. She had right breast mastitis 10 years ago while breastfeeding but has no other history of serious illness. Palpation... | B: Disorganized nests of glandular cells with surrounding fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of insomnia, diarrhea, anxiety, thinning hair, and diffuse muscle weakness. She has a family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid cancer. She drinks 1–2 glasses of wine weekly. Her vital signs are unremarkable. On examination, you notice that she a... | A: Low TSH, high T4, high T3 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male military recruit comes to the office with complaints of a fever and a non-productive cough that started 5 days ago. He also states having pain during swallowing. He has a mild headache and pain in his left ear. He does not have any relevant past medical history. His vitals include the following: bl... | B: Mycoplasma pneumonia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is referred to the cardiology department with complaints of shortness of breath on exertion that has been progressive for the last 6 months. He has a history of diabetes mellitus type II which is controlled with diet alone. He has a temperature of 37.1℃ (98.8℉), the pulse is 76/min, and the blood pr... | D: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents with urinary retention for the past week. He says his symptoms onset gradually almost immediately after being prescribed a new medication for his depression. He states that he has increased his fluid intake to try to help the issue, but this has been ineffective. He also mentions that he ha... | D: Amitriptyline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are trying to design a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of metoprolol in patients with heart failure. In preparing for the statistical analysis, you review some common types of statistical errors. Which of the following is true regarding a type 1 error in a clinical study?? {'A': 'A type ... | B: A type 1 error occurs when the null hypothesis is true but is rejected in error. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for a 1-week history of worsening shortness of breath. The symptoms occur when he climbs the stairs to his apartment on the 3rd floor and when he goes to bed. He gained 2.3 kg (5 lbs) in the past 5 days. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, alcohol... | D: Arterial hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-day-old male infant presents to the pediatrician with a high-grade fever and poor feeding pattern with regurgitation of milk after each feeding. On examination the infant showed abnormal movements, hypertonia, and exaggerated DTRs. The mother explains that during her pregnancy, she has tried to eat only unproces... | A: Gram-positive, facultative intracellular, motile bacilli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband after she lost consciousness 30 minutes ago. The patient’s husband says that she has been in a bad mood lately and getting upset over small things. He also says she has been crying a lot and staying up late at night. Her husband mentions that h... | E: Glucagon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a lump in his left axilla that he first noticed 1 year ago. He reports that the size of the mass has varied over time and that there have been similar masses in his neck and groin. He has not had fever, weight loss, or night sweats. Physical examination shows... | B: Follicular lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-week history of generalized weakness. He also reports increased urination and thirst. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. His only medication is metformin. Serum studies show: Na+ 134 mEq/L Cl- 110 mEq/L K+ 5.6 mEq/L HCO3- 19 mEq/L Glucos... | B: Decreased serum aldosterone levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old female presents to clinic with recurrent episodes of abdominal discomfort and pain for the past month. She reports that the pain occurs 2-3 hours after meals, usually at midnight, and rates it as moderate to severe in intensity when it occurs. She also complains of being fatigued all the time. Past medi... | D: Duodenal peptic ulcer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of yellow discoloration of his skin, right upper abdominal pain, and fatigue. Two years ago, he underwent right-sided pleurodesis for recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. Pulmonary examination shows mild bibasilar crackles and expiratory wheezing. La... | A: PiZZ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The patient was found unconscious in his bedroom after a suicide attempt. The patient had cut his wrists using a kitchen knife. The patient is unresponsive and pale. His temperature is 96°F (35.6°C), blood pressure is 70/35 mmHg, pulse is 190/min,... | C: Major blood group incompatibility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravida presents to the office with complaints of heartburn while lying flat on the bed at night and mild constipation that started a couple of weeks ago. She is 10 weeks pregnant, as determined by her last menstrual period. Her first menstruation was at 13 years of age and she has always had regul... | C: Diastolic murmur |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old male patient presents to a medical office requesting screening for colorectal cancer. He currently has no symptoms and his main concern is that his father was diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 55 years of age. What screening strategy would be the most appropriate?? {'A': 'Perform a colonoscopy now and... | B: Perform a colonoscopy at the age of 40 and repeat every 5 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to the emergency department due to severe, intractable headaches, and bilateral ocular pain. Her symptoms began approximately 2 weeks prior to presentation and have progressively worsened. She initially had right-sided headaches that were sharp, interfered with sleep, and were unresponsiv... | C: Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
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