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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a painful lesion on the sole of his right foot for 1 month. It has become progressively larger and more painful, making it difficult for him to walk. He does not have any personal or family history of serious illness. Three years ago he was hospitalized for an ankle... | C: Human papilloma virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his primary care physician's office for a 6-week history of fatigue and diarrhea. He says that the diarrhea is frequent, small volume, and contains gross blood. Review of systems is significant for subjective fever and an unintentional 5-pound weight loss. He denies recent travel outside... | A: Intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician for her first prenatal visit at 20 weeks' gestation. There is no family history of serious illness. She appears healthy and well-nourished. The uterus is palpated up to the level of the umbilicus. Laboratory studies show a maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentrat... | C: Intestinal dysmotility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A preterm neonate, born at 28 weeks of gestation, is in the neonatal intensive care unit as he developed respiratory distress during the 4th hour after birth. On the 2nd day of life, he required ventilator support. Today, on the 5th day of life, he developed generalized purpura and a hemorrhagic aspirate from the sto... | A: Serum levels of fibrinogen in a preterm infant born at 32 weeks of gestation are typically normal, as compared to an adult. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has lactose intolerance. His family emigrated from Somalia 6 months ago. He is at the 30th percentile for height and 15th percentile for weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows pale conjunctivae, an erythematous throa... | E: Seborrheic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for evaluation of involuntary weight loss and recurrent abdominal pain. She noticed blood in her stool several times. The medical history is significant for the polycystic ovarian syndrome. The vital signs are as follows: temperature, 38.0°C (100.4°F); heart ... | B: Crypt abscess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman comes to the physician for contraceptive counseling. She has recently become sexually active with her boyfriend and expresses concerns because approximately 10 days ago the condom broke during intercourse. Her medical history is significant for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Urine pr... | B: Inducing endometrial inflammation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old female with a long history of major depressive disorder presents to the emergency room with altered mental status. Her husband found her on the floor unconscious and rushed her to the emergency room. He reports that she has been in a severe depressive episode over the past several weeks. Vital signs are... | B: Mixed respiratory alkalosis and anion gap metabolic acidosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a longstanding history of diarrhea. She reports recurrent, foul-smelling, loose stools and a 35 lb weight loss over the past 3 years. She also states that two months ago, she developed an "itchy, bumpy" rash on her elbows and forearms which has since res... | C: Small bowel endoscopy and biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to clinic for for a routine checkup. She reports that she is in good health but that she felt short of breath on her hiking and skiing trip to Colorado the week prior. She explains that this was the first time she has gone that high into the mountains and was slightly concerned for the fi... | C: Increase in concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide in blood |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl presents with multiple manic and hypomanic episodes. The patient says that these episodes started last year and have progressively worsened. She is anxious to start treatment, so this will not impact her school or social life. The patient has prescribed an anticonvulsant drug that is also used to t... | E: Valproic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 35 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of a sudden, painless, bright red vaginal bleeding for the last hour. She has had no prenatal care. Her third child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a preterm b... | D: Placenta previa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Eighteen hours after the vaginal delivery of a 2788-g (6-lb 2-oz) newborn, a 22-year-old woman has weakness and numbness of her right foot. She is unable to walk without dragging and shuffling the foot. The delivery was complicated by prolonged labor and had received epidural analgesia. There is no personal or family... | D: Compression of the common peroneal nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman first presented to your clinic due to morning stiffness, symmetrical arthralgia in her wrist joints, and fatigue. She had a blood pressure of 132/74 mm Hg and heart rate of 84/min. Physical examination revealed tenderness to palpation of both wrists but full range of motion. Anti-citrullinated pro... | E: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of increasing shortness of breath over the past 3 months. He has been unable to climb the 3 flights of stairs to his apartment. Six years ago, he was diagnosed with HIV. He is currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy, but he says that he often misse... | E: Treponemal test " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of a painless skin lesion on his neck. The lesion has gradually become darker in color. Sometimes it is itchy. He also noticed one similar lesion on his lower back. He is a retired gardener. He has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for 40 year... | D: Seborrheic keratosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Laboratory studies are conducted. Her hematocrit is 32%, leukocyte count is 9,400/mm3, and platelet count is 96,000/mm3; serum studies show an aspartate aminotransferase of 94 U/L and an Alanine aminotransferase of 92 U/L. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?? {'A': 'Embolism o... | B: Overactivation of the coagulation pathway |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old female is hospitalized following a pelvic fracture. She undergoes surgical repair without complication. Four days into her hospital stay, she develops acute dyspnea and chest pain accompanied by oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Which of the following arterial blood gas values is the patient most likely to ha... | A: pH 7.5, PaO2 60, PaCO2 30, HCO3 22 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician 10 days after noticing a mass in her left breast while bathing. She is concerned that it is breast cancer because her sister was diagnosed with breast cancer 3 years ago at 61 years of age. Menopause occurred 6 months ago. She has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 30 ye... | B: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old college student comes to the physician because of depressed mood and fatigue for the past 5 weeks. He has been feeling sad and unmotivated to attend his college classes. He finds it particularly difficult to get out of bed in the morning. He has difficulty concentrating during lectures and often feels t... | C: Bupropion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month-old boy presents to the emergency room with three episodes of vomiting and severe abdominal pain that comes and goes for the past two hours. The patient's most recent vomit in the hospital appears bilious, and the patient had one stool that appears bloody and full of mucous. The mother explains that one sto... | D: Abdominal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Please refer to the summary above to answer this question A 63-year-old HIV-positive man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. Four years ago, he was diagnosed with HIV and was started on cART therapy. He tells the physician that he has been having difficulty adhering to his medication ... | C: Poor adherence to cART |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Twelve days after undergoing total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis, a 62-year-old woman notices oozing from her abdominal wound. She first noticed fluid draining 8 hours ago. Her postoperative course has been complicated by persistent hypotension requiring intravenous fluids and decreased ability to tolerate ... | D: Total parenteral nutrition and ostomy pouch |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of a 3-day history of vomiting and poor feeding. The vomit is non-bloody. He transitioned to pureed vegetables 10 days ago. Over the past 2 weeks, he has become increasingly irritable and within the past day has taken more daytime naps and... | D: Diffuse axonal damage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents with weakness, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. She says her symptoms onset gradually 4 months ago and have progressively worsened. Past medical history is significant for a long history of menorrhagia secondary to uterine fibroids. Her vital signs include: temperature 36.9°C (98... | D: Restless leg syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother with nausea, vomiting, and decreased frequency of urination. He has acute lymphoblastic leukemia for which he received the 1st dose of chemotherapy 5 days ago. His leukocyte count was 60,000/mm3 before starting chemotherapy. The vital signs include: pulse... | C: Hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, lactic acidosis, and urate crystals in the urine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old male is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. He has suffered several wounds and is minimally responsive. There is a large laceration on his forehead as well as a fracture of his nasal bridge. He appears to be coughing and spitting blood. He is already wearing a soft co... | E: Cricothyroidotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic and presents with complaints of flu-like symptoms and chest pain for a 3-day duration. The mother states that he felt warm to the touch and developed his chest and muscle pain within the past week, but she was hesitant to administer any medications. She confirms that all pedi... | C: Enterovirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of redness, swelling, and pain of the right leg. He also has fever, chills, and nausea. He has noticed liquid oozing from the affected area on his right leg. He has a history of hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Three months ago, he w... | C: Vancomycin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man presents to the behavioral health clinic for assistance overcoming his fear of public speaking. He has always hated public speaking. Two weeks ago, he was supposed to present a research project at school but had to leave the podium before the presentation. He recalled that his heart was racing, his ... | A: Social anxiety disorder, performance only |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman arrives to her primary care physician with abnormal labs. She states that 1 week ago she had laboratory work done as part of her company’s health initiative. During the past month, she has been walking 3 miles a day and has increased the amount of fruits and vegetables in her diet. Her medical his... | B: Elevated liver enzymes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-month-old girl presents for a routine examination. The patient’s mother says that the child is craving ice and often gasps for breath while walking or playing. Family history is unremarkable. The patient is afebrile, and vital signs are within normal limits. Her weight is at the 20th percentile and height is at ... | B: ↑ total iron binding capacity (TIBC) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old man is brought in by EMS to the emergency room. He was an unrestrained driver in a motor vehicle crash. Upon arrival to the trauma bay, the patient's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 13. He appears disoriented and is unable to follow commands. Vital signs are: temperature 98.9 F, heart rate 142 bpm, blood pr... | C: Impaired left ventricular filling resulting in decreased left ventricular stroke volume |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new antihypertensive medication is studied in 3,000 Caucasian men with coronary heart disease who are over age 65. The results show benefits in terms of improved morbidity and mortality as well as a decreased rate of acute coronary events with minimal side effects. After hearing about this new medication and suppor... | D: Generalizability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of bilateral hand pain and swelling. Her parents say the pain began 1 week ago and has gotten progressively worse. Two weeks ago, the patient had a low-grade fever and lace-like rash on her arms and trunk for several days. The patient appears to be in d... | B: Hydroxyurea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss that started after a recent backpacking trip in Southeast Asia. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His leukocyte count is 7,500/mm3 (61% segmented neutrophils, 13% eosinophils, and 26% lymphocytes). Stool microscopy shows r... | B: Perianal serpiginous rash |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an 8-hour history of colicky abdominal pain and nausea. The pain worsened after she ate a sandwich, and she has vomited once. She has no history of serious medical illness. Her temperature is 37.2°C (99.1°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 134/83 mm Hg. Ph... | A: Common bile duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A primigravid 28-year-old woman delivers a 38-week-old male infant via spontaneous vaginal delivery. She had no prenatal care during her pregnancy. At birth the infant has underdeveloped hands and radiograph reveals missing phalanges in the thumbs. Examination of the buttocks reveals a missing anus. Further work-up r... | D: Mesoderm |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old female presents with a two-month history of intermittent non-bloody diarrhea. She reports that she has been following a raw food diet for six months to help her lose weight. The patient’s medical history is significant for anxiety, treated with fluvoxamine, and osteopenia. She reports her mother has lac... | E: Niacin deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother for abdominal pain. She states that he has refused to eat and keeps clutching his stomach saying “ow.” She reports that he has not had any vomiting or diarrhea. She says that he has not had a bowel movement in 3 days. The family recently moved from... | C: Penicillin until age 5 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to the outpatient clinic because of abdominal pain. He reports that for the last few months, he has had postprandial pain that is worsened by spicy foods. He states that the pain is often located in the right upper portion of his abdomen and feels like it's traveling to his shoulder blade. ... | A: Cholecystectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male comes into the trauma bay by EMS transport with a known history of gross contamination of an unknown dry/powder chemical from a research laboratory accident. Currently his vital signs are stable but he is in obvious discomfort with diffuse skin irritation. What should be done for this patient durin... | D: Brush off the gross amount of unknown chemical and then remove all of the patient's clothes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician by his mother because she is concerned about his breathing. She states that every once in a while he seems to have bouts of coughing but doesn't have any significant difficulty breathing. She demands that the pediatrician begin treatment with albuterol as she is convin... | B: Methacholine challenge test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of intermittent dyspnea and dizziness. She has a history of mitral valve stenosis. Her pulse is 125/min and irregularly irregular, and blood pressure is 102/66 mm Hg. A transthoracic echocardiogram shows doming of the anterior mitral valve leafle... | A: Area 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and asthma comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of intermittent dry, hacking cough. He does not have fever, chest pain, or shortness of breath. He does not smoke cigarettes. Current medications include simvastatin, metformin... | C: Stop ramipril and start candesartan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 86-year-old male with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia is sent to the hospital from the skilled nursing facility due to fever, confusion, and decreased urine output. Urinalysis shows 12-18 WBC/hpf with occasional lymphocytes. Urine and blood cultures grow out gram-negative, motile, urease positive rods... | B: Outer membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man goes to the emergency room (ER) for an intense lower abdominal pain associated with inability to urinate. Physical examination shows tenderness of the lower abdomen bilaterally. Rectal examination reveals an enlarged, smooth, and symmetrical prostate. The ER team fails to pass a Foley catheter throu... | A: Thin cortical rim |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman gravida 2, para 1, at 35 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital 1 hour after spontaneous rupture of membranes. She has had mild abdominal discomfort and nausea for a day. Her pregnancy has been complicated by gestational diabetes, which is controlled with a strict diet. Her first child was d... | B: Chorioamnionitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman presents with severe chest pain for 2 hours. An episode of severe retching and bloody vomiting preceded the onset of chest pain. She says she had an episode of binge drinking last night. Past medical history includes a gastric ulcer 5 years ago, status post-surgical repair. Her blood pressure is 1... | C: Rupture of the esophagus due to increased intraluminal pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of a swelling at the back of his left knee that he first noticed 2 months ago. The swelling is not painful, but he occasionally experiences pain at the back of his knee when he is standing for prolonged periods. He also reports mild stiffness of the knee when he wakes ... | E: History of meniscal tear |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of difficulty swallowing food. Initially, only solid food was problematic, but liquids have also become more difficult to swallow over the last 2 months. She also reports occasional regurgitation of food when she lies down. The patient is an avid... | B: Gastroesophageal endoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating that have increased in severity over the past several months. She reports that she occasionally vomits after eating. She states that the emesis contains undigested food particles. Additionally,... | A: Dietary modification |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision. He was an unrestrained driver in a head on collision. The patient has a Glasgow coma scale of 9 and is responding to questions inappropriately. His temperature is 96.0°F (35.6°C), blood pressure is 64/44 mmHg, pulse is 192/min, re... | E: Whole blood |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room for altered mental status and rapid twitching of her left hand 3 hours ago. The patient is a poor historian given her current mental status, and her husband provided most of the history. He reports that the patient started demonstrating bizarre behavior about 2 wee... | B: Infection with herpes simplex virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old teenager is brought to the pediatrician’s office by her mother. The mother expresses concerns about her daughter’s health because she has not achieved menarche. The daughter confirms this and upon further questioning, denies any significant weight loss, changes in mood, or changes in her appetite. She d... | A: 45,X0 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl presents to the pediatrician because she has not experienced the onset of menstruation. Her mother reports that her pubic hair developed at the age of 9 years. Her mother also informs that she has been experiencing recurrent serous otitis media since early childhood. The temperature is 36.8°C (98.4... | D: Increased number of benign nevi |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 3-month history of bloody discharge from the right nipple. Her mother died of breast cancer at the age of 69 years. Mammography 6 months ago did not show any abnormalities. Examination of the breast shows expression of a small amount of serosanguinous fluid from the ri... | E: Intraductal papilloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because she has had abdominal pain and vomiting for the past day. The pain is intermittent, diffuse in nature, and worse after meals. She does not have loose or bloody stools. She has had a nonpruritic rash on her legs and swelling of her ankles for 6 days. She... | E: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A study seeks to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of treating asymptomatic subclinical hypothyroidism in preventing symptoms of hypothyroidism. The investigators found 300 asymptomatic patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of 5 to 10 μU/mL with normal serum t... | B: Latency period |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is studying the mammalian immune response with an unknown virus. A group of mice are inoculated with the virus, and blood is subsequently drawn from these animals at various intervals to check immunoglobulin levels. Which of the following is a critical step in the endogenous pathway of antigen presentati... | C: Translocation of the antigen into the endoplasmic reticulum via TAP proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 5-minute episode of repetitive, involuntary, twitching movements of his left arm that occurred 1 hour ago. His symptoms began while playing with some toys. His parents say that he began to stand with support at 18 months and has recently started to ... | C: Sturge-Weber syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old neonate girl is brought to the pediatrician because of feeding problems and recurrent infections. She has a blood pressure of 104/65 mm Hg and heart rate of 91/min. On physical examination, she has a cleft palate, malformed jaw, structural cardiac abnormalities, and diminished cell-mediated responses. L... | D: DiGeorge syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department after his mother found him to be extremely lethargic. He was born at home with no prenatal care and has no documented medical history. On presentation, he is found to have shorter stature and increased weight compared to normal infants as well as coarse facial ... | D: Iodine deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents to the emergency department with leg weakness that significantly impairs and slows down his walking ability. He has noticed that he has been getting progressively weaker over the past 3 months. He has also experienced spontaneous twitching in his arms and thighs that is becoming more freque... | C: Ventral horn |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with acute onset dyspnea, chest pain, and fainting. The medical history is significant for infective endocarditis at the age of 17 years, and intravenous drugs abuse prior to the disease. He reports a history of mild dyspnea on exertion. Currently, his only medication is ... | D: Cocaine toxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old boy with a history of multiple infections presents with muscle stiffness. On physical exam, he is found to have carpopedal spasm as well as a heart murmur. Based on your clinical suspicion you decide to obtain a chest X-ray which shows a diminished shadow in the mediastinum. A mutation in which of the f... | D: Chromosome 22 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man and his 9-year-old son are brought to the emergency department following a high-speed motor vehicle collision. The father was the restrained driver. He is conscious. His pulse is 135/min and blood pressure is 76/55 mm Hg. His hemoglobin concentration is 5.9 g/dL. His son sustained multiple body cont... | A: Transfuse packed red blood cells to son but not to father |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 14 weeks' gestation, comes to the physician with a 3-day history of abnormal vaginal discharge. She has not had fever, chills, or abdominal pain. One week ago, her 2-year-old daughter had a urinary tract infection that quickly resolved after antibiotic therapy. The patient r... | D: Nucleic acid amplification test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother with a history of multiple falls for the last 8 months. He was born at term without any perinatal complications. At birth, his weight and height were 57th and 62nd percentile for his age, respectively. For the first year, he had normal developmental milestones. ... | D: Pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman with irritable bowel syndrome comes to the physician because of increased diarrhea. She has not had any fever, bloody stools, nausea, or vomiting. The increase in stool frequency began when she started a new job. She is started on loperamide, and her symptoms improve. Which of the following is the... | A: μ-opioid receptor agonism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy presents to the doctor with multiple skin abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus. He has a past history of recurrent infections with the same organism. The nitroblue tetrazolium test is performed, and the solution remains clear. Which of the following key pathophysiologic events relates to the con... | E: Inability to generate the microbicidal respiratory burst |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for evaluation of recurrent infections and easy bruising. The patient has been hospitalized 3 times for severe skin and respiratory infections, which responded to antibiotic treatment. Examination shows sparse silvery hair. His skin is hypopigmented, and exhi... | B: Defective lysosomal trafficking regulator gene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the clinic with complaints of joint pain and stiffness for the past few months. Her hands, lower back, and left knee are involved and associated with morning stiffness that improves throughout the day with activities. She also complains that her fingers change color upon exposure to cold.... | B: Diffuse cutaneous systemic scleroderma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl presents to the psychiatrist to discuss the recent divorce of her parents. The girl explains that her mother is the most caring and loving mother anyone could ever have and that she will be spending the majority of her time with her mother. On the other hand, she exclaims that her father is an evil... | E: Splitting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up evaluation. Two days ago, he was involved in a physical altercation and sustained a bruise on his left arm and an injury to his left shoulder. Initially, there was a reddish-purple discoloration on his left upper arm. A photograph of the left upper arm today is... | D: Heme oxygenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents with fatigue and low energy. He says that he has been "feeling down" and tired on most days for the last 3 years. He also says that he has had difficulty concentrating and has been sleeping excessively. The patient denies any manic or hypomanic symptoms. He also denies any suicidal ideation... | B: Venlafaxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with 3 days of fatigue and back pain after she started a drug for malaria prophylaxis. She says that her urine has also been darker over the same time period. Her past medical history is significant for allergies as well as a broken elbow that was treated in ... | D: Red pulp of the spleen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man with a history of nephrolithiasis presents with acute-onset left flank pain. He says that the pain started suddenly 4 hours ago and has progressively worsened. He describes the pain as severe, sharp, and localized to the left flank. The patient denies any fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or dysuria.... | E: Non-contrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old woman presents to a hematology clinic to discuss the results of a bone marrow biopsy that was performed about 4 weeks ago. She was referred to this clinic to evaluate her chronic anemia after all other noninvasive diagnostic testing was inconclusive. Today her blood pressure is 114/76 mm Hg, pulse is 94... | E: Pyridoxine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of repetitive tongue twisting and abnormal movements of the hands and legs that started several days ago. She has a 2-year history of schizophrenia that has been controlled with fluphenazine. Two weeks ago, she was switched to risperidone. Examination shows protrusio... | E: Tardive dyskinesia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man comes to the attention of the inpatient hospital team because he started experiencing shortness of breath and left-sided back pain 3 days after suffering a right hip fracture that was treated with hip arthroplasty. He says that the pain is sharp and occurs with deep breathing. His past medical histo... | C: Increased dead space |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pain in her left ankle for 2 days. The pain is worse at night and with exercise. Five days ago, the patient was diagnosed with Salmonella gastroenteritis and started on ciprofloxacin. She has ulcerative colitis, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. She has smok... | A: Adverse medication effect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of progressive hair loss from his scalp. He first noticed receding of the hairline over the bitemporal regions of his scalp 5 years ago. Since then, his hair has gradually become thinner over the crown of his head. He is otherwise healthy and takes no medication... | E: Finasteride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man with a past medical history significant for asthma and psoriasis presents to the clinic for a wellness visit. He has no specific complaints. The patient’s blood pressure is 121/73 mm Hg, the pulse is 81/min, the respiratory rate is 16/min, and the temperature is 37.2°C (99.1°F). Physical examination... | D: Plaque |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old G0P0 female complains of unsuccessful pregnancy since discontinuing an oral contraceptive 12 months ago. She reports menarche at age 15 and has had irregular periods since. She had occasional spotting while taking an oral contraceptive, but she has not had a “normal period” since discontinuing the pill.... | C: Primary ovarian insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman appears in your office for a new patient visit. She reports a past medical history of hypertension, which she was told was related to "adrenal gland disease." You recall that Conn syndrome and pheochromocytomas are both conditions affecting the adrenal gland that result in hypertension by differen... | C: Zona glomerulosa; medulla |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after the onset of right-sided weakness. She was eating breakfast when suddenly she could not lift her spoon. She cried out to her husband but her speech was slurred. For the past 4 months, she has been more anxious than usual and felt fatigued. She us... | A: Irregularly irregular rhythm without P waves on ECG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an 8 month history of intermittent pain and stiffness in her hands and feet. She reports that these episodes occur about three times a month after she wakes up and last for approximately one hour. She often also experiences fever and myalgia on the days that these... | A: Methotrexate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has been coughing up bloody sputum over the last week. He also notes that he feels increasingly short of breath and that his coughing has progressively worsened over the last 6 months. His past medical history is significant for hypertension for whic... | A: Autophagic vacuoles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the office because of an 8-month history of cough, night sweats, shortness of breath, and fatigue. He has also had a 9-kg (19.8-lb) weight loss during this time. He appears pale. Abdominal examination shows hepatosplenomegaly. His leukocyte count is 80,000/mm3 and his leukocyte alkaline pho... | A: Leukemoid reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying the replication sequences of a number of different viruses. He observes that one particular virus he is studying creates a single stranded DNA from an RNA template during its replication sequence. Which of the following viruses is he most likely observing?? {'A': 'Hepatitis A virus', 'B': 'Hep... | B: Hepatitis B virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman seeks medical care for superficial erosions and blisters over the skin of her head and trunk. She also has significant involvement of her buccal mucosa, which has made eating difficult. A year earlier, she developed tender sores on the oral mucosa and soft palate of her mouth, which was initially ... | C: Pemphigus vulgaris |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man with HIV comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of fatigue, nonproductive cough, and worsening shortness of breath. He appears ill. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 89%. Laboratory studies show a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of 67/mm3 (N ≥ 500/mm3) and an elevated HIV ... | B: Toxoplasmosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman brings her 2-day-old infant to the pediatrician’s office for a routine checkup. She tells the pediatrician that her baby vomits a greenish-yellow fluid after every feeding session. She has not been very successful in feeding him due to this problem. She also says that her baby has not passed stool... | A: Trisomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother with fever, sore throat, and a rash. The patient’s mother says that her symptoms started 3 days ago with a high-grade fever, sore throat, vomiting, and malaise. Twenty-four hours later, she says a rash appeared on the patient’s neck and, over the next 24 hours,... | A: Rapid antigen test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of worsening nocturia, fatigue, and shortness of breath on exertion. While he used to be able to walk for 15 minutes at a time, he now has to pause every 5 minutes. Recently, he has started using two pillows to avoid waking up short of breath at night. He has a ... | A: Constriction of efferent renal arterioles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a severe right-sided temporal headache with conjunctival swelling and anterior bulging of the left eye for 1 hour. The patient has had right-sided purulent nasal discharge and nasal congestion for the past 2 days. There is no personal or family his... | D: Intravenous vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of chronic congestion. She notes that she has always had trouble breathing through her nose, and her new husband has told her that she breathes loudly when she sleeps. She denies frequent infections or allergies. She has no chronic medical pro... | C: Deep sedation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician’s office with complaints of clumsiness. She feels like she is tripping over her feet more often, and she recently fell and sprained her wrist. Her medical history is significant for well-controlled diabetes. She has been a strict vegan for over 20 years. She lives at home wi... | A: Fasciculus gracilis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after being hit in the head with a baseball bat. Physical examination shows swelling and bruising around the left temple and eye. A CT scan of the head shows a transverse fracture through the sphenoid bone and blood in the sphenoid sinus. Neurologi... | B: Inward deviation of the left eye |
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