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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A mother brings her son to the pediatrician because she is concerned about his health. She states that throughout her child's life he has demonstrated aggressive behavior. However, he has recently begun biting himself causing injury and bleeding. The patient has a past medical history of mental retardation and episod... | E: X-linked recessive |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for confusion and lethargy for the past 2 hours. Per the husband, the patient was behaving weirdly and forgot how to get to the bathroom at her house. She was also difficult to wake up from her nap. The husband denies any fever, weight loss, headaches, dizzin... | B: Increase the serum sodium slowly with hypertonic saline solution |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of left wrist pain and swelling that began after she fell from a seated position. Menopause occurred 15 years ago. Her serum parathyroid hormone level is within normal limits. An x-ray of the left wrist shows a nondisplaced fracture of the distal radi... | E: Pyrophosphate " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for 4 weeks of recurrent fever, night sweats, malaise, and fatigue. Associated with shortness of breath and orthopnea. Family and personal history are unremarkable. Upon physical examination, he is found with a blood pressure of 100/68 mm Hg, a heart rate of 98... | C: Mitral valve prolapse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman presents to the clinic with one week of suicidal ideation. She has a history of depression that began after her husband passed away from a motor vehicle accident seven years ago. At the time, she attempted to overdose on over-the-counter pills, but was able to recover completely. Her depression ha... | E: Previous attempt |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for leg weakness. About 4 hours ago, she was out walking her dog when she had a sudden onset of left-leg weakness. She had no prior symptoms and noticed nothing else except that she was unable to move her left leg like she normally could. This weakness lasted f... | E: Transient ischemic attack |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of recurrent skin lesions. The episodes of lesions started at the age of 3 months. He has also had several episodes of respiratory tract infections, enlarged lymph nodes, and recurrent fevers since birth. The boy attends daycare. The patient's immunizati... | B: NADPH oxidase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy comes to the physician because of muscle weakness and cramps for 5 months. He becomes easily fatigued and has severe muscle pain and swelling after 15 minutes of playing basketball with his friends. The symptoms improve after a brief period of rest. After playing, he sometimes also has episodes of r... | E: Myophosphorylase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man hospitalized for acute pancreatitis develops a high-grade fever and productive cough with gelatinous sputum. A sample of his expectorated sputum is obtained and fixed to a microscope slide using heat. A crystal violet dye is applied to the slide, followed by an iodine solution, acetone solution, and... | A: Peptidoglycan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 32-year-old male comes to the emergency department because of a high-grade fever and malaise for 3 days. He has severe generalized joint and body pains refractory to acetaminophen. He also has a severe stabbing pain behind his eyes. He returned from a trip to Taiwan 1 week ago. He is sexually act... | B: Mosquito repellent |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to an urgent care center with progressively worsening cough and difficulty breathing. She has had similar prior episodes since childhood, one of which required intubation with mechanical ventilation. On physical exam, she appears anxious and diaphoretic, with diffuse wheezes and diminishe... | C: Beta-2 agonist |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents after they notice that he had a “floppy” appearance, poor suckling, vomiting, and spontaneous generalized movements a few weeks after birth. The boy was born at home, and routine newborn screening was normal. On physical examination, the infant is hypoto... | E: Dihydropteridine reductase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old G3P2 is admitted to the hospital at 32 weeks gestation with vaginal bleeding, which started 4 hours ago when she was taking a nap. She reports no pain or uterine contractions. The course of the current pregnancy has been uncomplicated. The two previous pregnancies resulted in cesarean sections. She did ... | A: Transvaginal ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He had not seen his primary care physician for 7 years. He has no complaints other than feeling easily fatigued. He has no significant medical history. He reports drinking half a pint of liquor a day. His temperature is 98.7°F (37.... | D: Hypersplenism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the emergency room for worsening leg pain and a rash consistent with wet gangrene. He has no history of skin infections but has type 2 diabetes mellitus and has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 20 years. Three days after admission, he becomes increasingly hypoxic and tachypneic. He is... | D: Increase the positive end-expiratory pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Ultrasonography of the scrotum shows a 2-cm hypoechoic, homogeneous testicular mass with sharp margins. A CT scan of the abdomen shows a single enlarged para-aortic lymph node. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?? {'A': 'Radiation therapy', 'B': 'Systemic polychemotherapy', 'C': 'S... | D: Radical inguinal orchiectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after sustaining a fall from her bicycle 1 hour ago. The patient was on her way to work as she lost her balance, hitting her head on the sidewalk. She had an initial loss of consciousness for a couple of minutes following the accident. She currently has nause... | E: Epidural hematoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old female with a history of depression presents to the emergency department after a suspected ingestion. She is confused, reporting blurry vision, and responding to visual hallucinations. Vital signs are as follows: Temperature: 98.9 degrees Farenheit (37.2 Celsius) Heart Rate: 105 bpm Blood Pressure: 90/6... | B: Amitriptyline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. During the last 6 months, he has had recurring pneumonia after undergoing a surgical operation. He reports that, when food has gone down his windpipe, he has not automatically coughed. Examination shows normal voluntary coughing, but an impaired co... | D: Piriform recess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old G6P1050 presents for evaluation of infertility. She and her husband have been trying to have a child for the past three years. Over that time period, the patient suffered five miscarriages. Her past medical history is significant for anemia, bipolar disorder, and a blood clot in her right lower extremit... | C: Positive VDRL |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man with a history of schizophrenia presents to the emergency room escorted by police. The officers state that the patient was found at a local mall, threatening to harm people in the parking lot, screaming at them, and chasing them. The patient states that those people were agents of the government sen... | D: Begin treatment due to patient's lack of decision making capacity. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of heartburn and mild epigastric pain after eating for the past 6 months. He reports that his symptoms occur within an hour of eating a meal and persist for approximately an hour. He admits his symptoms have been progressively worsening. He recently... | C: Omeprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 3-month history of episodic chest pain and shortness of breath on exertion. He is at the 99th percentile for height and 40th percentile for weight. Examination shows a high-arched palate, long and slender upper extremities, and elbows and knees t... | D: Area F |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents after he was bitten by a friend's cat while playing at their house. The patient reports moderate pain of the right hand and wrist but has full range of motion and strength. He is up to date on his vaccinations and is generally healthy. His vitals... | C: Amoxicillin-clavulanate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of dyspnea and cough. He was diagnosed with esophageal cancer 10 months ago, for which he received radiochemotherapy. He has a history of atopic dermatitis and has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. Auscultation of the lungs shows decreased br... | D: Pulmonary fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of fatigue for the last 6 months. She can barely complete her morning chores before having to take a long break in her chair. She rarely climbs the stairs to the second floor of her house anymore because it is too tiring. Past medical history is si... | B: Pernicious anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital for placement of halo gravitational traction in order to treat his previously observed kyphoscoliosis. Specifically, he has a previously diagnosed curve that has gotten worse over time and now threatens to compromise his thoracic cavity. His past medical history is signifi... | C: FGFR3 receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:While studying vesicular trafficking in mammalian epithelial cells, a scientist identified a specific protein that was responsible for contorting the plasma membrane to capture extracellular materials and forming endosomes. This protein also helps transport those endosomes from the trans-Golgi network to lysosomes. W... | E: Clathrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of frequent falling. His mother reports that the patient has had increased difficulty walking over the last few months and has refused to eat solid foods for the past 2 weeks. He has met all developmental milestones. The patient has had multiple ear in... | B: Expansion of GAA trinucleotide repeats |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man presents with 3 days of non-bloody and non-bilious emesis every time he eats or drinks. He has become progressively weaker and the emesis has not improved. He denies diarrhea, fever, or chills and thinks his symptoms may be related to a recent event that involved sampling many different foods. His t... | C: Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of palpitations and shortness of breath on exertion. He has no history of serious illness. He does not smoke or use illicit drugs. His pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 140/40 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows a murmur ... | A: Increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman is found wandering in the street at 3 AM in the morning shouting about a new cure for cancer. When interviewed in the psychiatric triage unit, she speaks rapidly without pauses and continues to boast of her upcoming contribution to science. When the physician attempts to interrupt her, she becomes... | B: Atrialization of the right ventricle in the patient’s fetus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of persistent right knee pain and swelling for 2 weeks. Six months ago, he had a total knee replacement because of osteoarthritis. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse is 100/min, and blood pressure is 139/84 mm Hg. Examination shows warmth and erythema of the ri... | D: Exopolysaccharides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after coronary artery stent placement for a posterior myocardial infarction, a 70-year-old woman complains of difficulty breathing and retrosternal chest pain. She has a history of atrial fibrillation, for which she takes verapamil. Following stent placement, the patient was started on aspirin and clopidogre... | C: Chest compressions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four weeks after starting hydrochlorothiazide, a 49-year-old man with hypertension comes to the physician because of muscle cramps and weakness. His home medications also include amlodipine. His blood pressure today is 176/87 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. The precordial leads of a 12-lead ECG ar... | D: Eplerenone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47–year-old man presents to the emergency department with worsening weakness in the setting of persistent abdominal pain. The man arrived to the United States 6 months ago and has been working in a restaurant as a cook. His abdominal pain started 4 months ago, but he could not find time away from work to see a doct... | A: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and pantoprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A hospital committee is established in order to respond to a national report on the dangers of wrong site surgery. The committee decides to conduct an investigation using a method that will hopefully prevent wrong site surgery from occurring prior to having any incidents. Therefore, the committee begins by analyzing ... | A: Failure modes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man visits a psychiatrist with his wife asking for help with their ongoing family problem. The couple has been married for 20 years and the last 2 months the patient is fully convinced that his wife is cheating on him. He has hired numerous private investigators, who deny any such evidence for an extram... | B: Delusions must be non-bizarre |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of pain and swelling of his right knee joint for 1 day. He has not had any trauma to the knee. He was born at term and has been healthy since. His maternal uncle has a history of a bleeding disorder. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F) and pulse is 97/min... | C: Prolonged partial thromboplastin time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man recently visiting from Thailand presents with diarrhea and fatigue for the past 6 days, which began before leaving Thailand. The patient denies any recent history of laxatives, nausea, or vomiting. His vital signs include: blood pressure 80/50 mm Hg, heart rate 105/min, and temperature 37.7°C (99.8°... | A: Secretory diarrhea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman with HIV comes to the physician because of an 8-day history of severe pain while swallowing. She has been hospitalized several times with opportunistic infections and has poor adherence to her antiretroviral drug regimen. Endoscopy shows extensive, white, plaque-like lesions in the proximal esopha... | D: Decreased glucan synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A study looking to examine the utility of colorectal cancer screening in patients younger than 50 is currently seeking subjects to enroll. A 49-year-old man with a family history of colorectal cancer is very interested in enrolling in the study, due to his own personal concerns about developing cancer. If enrolled in... | D: Selection bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old Hispanic woman was admitted to the emergency room with intermittent sharp and dull pain in the right lower quadrant for the past 2 days. The patient denies nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. She states that she was ‘completely normal’ prior to this sudden episode of pain. The patient states that she ... | C: The surgeon should obtain consent to biopsy the mass from the patient when she wakes up from cholecystectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 35-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 3-week history of alternating constipation and diarrhea with blood in her stool. She has not had any fevers or weight loss. Her father died of gastric cancer at 50 years of age. Physical examination shows blue-gray macules on the lips and palms of bo... | E: Hamartomatous |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department due to sudden onset retrosternal chest pain. An ECG shows ST-segment elevation. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made and later confirmed by elevated levels of troponin I. The patient is sent to the cardiac catheter laboratory where she undergoes percu... | A: Complication from femoral artery access |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of severe abdominal pain, bloating, and episodic diarrhea. He has also had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss during this time. Physical examination shows a mildly distended abdomen, hyperactive bowel sounds, and diffuse abdominal tenderness. A biopsy spec... | A: Increased activity of type 1 T helper cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher needs to measure the volume of a specific body fluid compartment in subjects enrolled in his experiment. For such measurements, he injects an intravenous tracer into the subjects and then measures the concentration of the tracer in their blood samples. The volume of the specific body compartment will be ... | D: Inulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman comes to the physician because of swelling of her right breast for the past 4 days. She also reports malaise and some pain with breastfeeding. Three weeks ago, she delivered a healthy 3500-g (7.7-lb) girl. She has no history of serious illness. Her mother died of breast cancer at the age of 55 yea... | A: Dicloxacillin and continued breastfeeding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old man presents to the office for a routine physical exam and a meningitis vaccination prior to attending college on a basketball scholarship. Also present at the appointment is his father who appears to be in his mid-sixties and is much shorter. The patient’s pulse is 70/min, respirations are 18/min, temp... | D: FBN1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician 3 months after noticing skin changes on his scalp. When he scrapes off the crust of the lesion, it reappears after a few days. Occasionally, his scalp itches or he notices a burning sensation. He had a mole removed on his right forearm 5 years ago. He is a retired winemaker. H... | C: Actinic keratosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old G1P0 woman at 12 weeks estimated gestational age presents to the obstetric clinic for the first prenatal visit She admits to being unsure of whether to keep or abort the pregnancy but now has finally decided to keep it. She says she is experiencing constant fatigue. Physical examination reveals conjunct... | A: Pica |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old male presents to his primary care provider with joint pain in his right knee. He has had multiple episodes of pain and effusion in both knees throughout his life as well as easy bruising. Most of these episodes followed minor trauma, including accidentally hitting his knee on a coffee table, but they oc... | D: Factor concentrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician with yellow discoloration of the sclerae since yesterday, and dark-colored urine for 2 days. A detailed history is taken and reveals that he had a cough, cold, and fever the week before the onset of the current symptoms, and was treated with over-the-counter medications.... | A: Serum anti-HAV IgM antibody |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, nausea, and headache for 1 day. His temperature is 39.7°C (103.5°F). Examination shows involuntary flexion of the knees and hips when the neck is flexed. A lumbar puncture is performed and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis shows numerous segme... | C: Adrenal insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents with 3 days of diarrhea. She was recently on vacation in Peru and admits that on her last day of the trip she enjoyed a dinner of the local food and drink. Upon return to the United States the next day, she developed abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea, occurring about 3-5 times per day.... | E: Unwashed fruits and vegetables |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 1, at 25 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of mild itching of the vulva and anal region for 2 weeks. She has a history of 2 episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis last year that both subsided following 1 week of treatment with butoconazole. Vital signs are within norma... | E: Supportive therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old healthy man is rushed into the emergency department after experiencing sharp chest pain that radiates down his left arm. Pre-hospital electrocardiography (ECG) shows ST-segment depression and the patient is administered supplemental oxygen, aspirin, and sublingual nitroglycerin. On arrival at the ER, th... | C: Procainamide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old female is brought to the emergency room after losing consciousness at a shopping mall. Her husband states that they were shopping when the patient appeared sweaty and tremulous, became confused, then collapsed. She was unconscious for 5 minutes until a paramedic arrived. Fingerstick glucose at that time... | A: Insulinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man with HIV on antiretroviral therapy comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. His HIV viral load is 559 copies/mL (N<49). His physician is concerned about the development of drug resistance. The result of HIV genotype testing shows reduced viral susceptibility to darunavir and ritonavir. Wh... | D: Modification of translated proteins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of fever, malaise, productive cough, and left-sided chest pain for 2 weeks. During this time, he has woken up to a wet pillow in the morning on multiple occasions and has not been as hungry as usual. He was diagnosed with HIV infection 1 year ago. He currently stays at... | E: Pulmonary tuberculosis " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with right knee pain for the last week. She states that she first noticed it after a long flight on her way back to the United States from Russia, where she had run a marathon along a mountain trail. The patient describes the pain as dull, aching, and locali... | D: Patellar compression with extended knee |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to your office complaining of right arm numbness and weakness. Her past medical history is unremarkable. Her family history, however, is significant for the unexpected death of both her parents at age 59 in a motor vehicle accident last week. On physical exam, her bicep, brachioradialis, ... | A: Conversion disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman presents to the physician due to lightheadedness. Earlier in the day, she had her first job interview since graduating from college 3 months ago. While waiting outside the interviewer’s office, she began to feel nervous and started breathing really fast. She then felt as if she was going to faint.... | A: Decreased arterial pCO2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Twelve hours after undergoing a right hip revision surgery for infected prosthesis, a 74-year-old man has numbness in his fingertips and around the lips. His surgery was complicated by severe blood loss. He underwent a total right hip replacement 2 years ago. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. His fath... | A: Multiple blood transfusions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after undergoing emergent laparotomy with splenectomy for a grade IV splenic laceration sustained in a motor vehicle collision, a 54-year-old man develops decreased urinary output. His urine output is < 350 mL/day despite aggressive fluid resuscitation. During the emergent laparotomy, he required three units... | A: Acute tubular necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with midsternal chest pain, shortness of breath, and cough with bloody sputum for the past 3 hours. The pain started after moving furniture at home and worsens when taking deep breaths. The patient has a history of hypertension. She has smoked one pack of cigarett... | B: Wedge-shaped filling defect on chest CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl presents to her primary care physician with her parents. She is complaining of fever and a sore throat for the past 4 days. She was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery and is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. Her boyfriend at school has ... | A: Epstein-Barr virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents with decreased exercise tolerance and difficulty breathing on exertion and while sleeping at night. She says that she requires 2 pillows to sleep at night to alleviate her shortness of breath. These symptoms started 6 months ago and are gradually increasing in severity. She does not have ... | C: Cardiac arrhythmia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of intractable hiccups and shortness of breath on exertion. He also has a 1-month history of left shoulder pain. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Physical examination shows decreased breath sounds at the left lung base. An x-... | A: Fibrous pericardium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, at 39 weeks' gestation comes to the hospital 20 minutes after the onset of vaginal bleeding. She has not received prenatal care. Her third child was delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section because of a footling breech presentation. Her other two children were del... | D: Ruptured vasa previa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A male infant is born at 27 weeks following premature rupture of membranes and a precipitous labor to a G4P3 female. Given the speed of delivery steroids are not given. Shortly after delivery he develops respiratory distress and the decision is made to administer surfactant replacement therapy. While the components o... | E: Phospholipids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She has no history of serious medical illness and takes no medications. A screening DEXA scan shows a T-score of -1.5 at the femur. Which of the following is the strongest predisposing factor for osteopenia?? {'A': 'Hypoparathyro... | D: Smoking |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. He mentions that he had a cough, cold, and fever for the last 3 days and has taken an over-the-counter cold preparation. He is hypertensive and has had coronary artery disease for the last 7 years. His regular medica... | C: Furosemide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old gravida 2, para 1 woman at 37+6 weeks of gestation presents for elective cesarean delivery. She says she has been having increased fatigue over the past few weeks. Past medical history includes gestational hypertension for which she has been taking an antihypertensive drug twice daily since week 24. Her... | D: Drug-induced immune hemolytic reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of his tall stature. His father is 174 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall; his mother is 162 cm (5 ft 3 in) tall. He is at the 99th percentile for height and 88th percentile for BMI. Examination shows pronounced sweat stains below the armpits and broad hands and feet. The... | B: Increased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Fifteen years ago, a physician was exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during a medical mission trip to Haiti. A current CT scan of his chest reveals respiratory apical granulomas. The formation of this granuloma helped prevent the spread of the infection to other sites. Which pair of cells contributed to the walli... | A: TH1 cells and macrophages |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of fatigue and shortness of breath. Physical examination shows diminished breath sounds at the right lung base. An x-ray of the chest shows blunting of the right costophrenic angle. Thoracentesis shows clear, yellow-colored fluid with a protein conc... | C: Congestive heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 1-day history of passing small quantities of dark urine. Two weeks ago, he had fever, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea for several days that were treated with oral antibiotics. Physical examination shows pale conjunctivae and scleral icterus. His hemoglobin... | D: Undercooked beef |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old gentleman comes to his primary care physician complaining of redness and foul-smelling discharge from his penis. The patient is not married and denies sexual activity. Upon further questioning, he denies trauma or any associated fevers or chills. After the initial work-up was found to be negative for se... | D: Circumcision |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man seeks evaluation at an urgent care clinic because of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain that began 2 hours ago. He attended a picnic this afternoon, where he ate a cheese sandwich and potato salad. He says that a number of his friends who were at the picnic have similar symptoms, so he thinks the ... | A: A toxin produced by a gram-positive, catalase-positive bacteria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department by emergency medical services after an electrical fire in her apartment. She is coughing with an O2 saturation of 98%, on 2L of nasal cannula. The patient's physical exam is significant for a burn on her right forearm that appears to be dry, white, and leat... | D: Excision and grafting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of fatigue. She reports a four-month history of increasing fatigue accompanied by occasional constipation. She also reports a 15-pound weight gain over the same time period. She is otherwise healthy and takes no medications. She has never been pr... | D: Lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal center formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 18-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician reporting that she has not experienced her first menses. She is accompanied by her mother who states that she personally experienced menstruation at age 12 and that the patient's sister started menstruating at the age of 11 years. The patient is not sexually-... | A: Anorexia nervosa |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-day-old infant presents because the patient’s parents noticed that his skin was becoming yellow. The mother said that the patient eats well, has normal stool and urine color. It’s her first child from first healthy pregnancy. The patient was born on time and delivered via spontaneous vaginal delivery with no comp... | B: Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0 at 11 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of left lower extremity pain and swelling. Her temperature is 37.9°C (100.2°F). Physical examination shows a tender, palpable cord on the lateral aspect of the left lower leg. The overlying skin is erythema... | E: Superficial thrombophlebitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old, previously healthy female presents to the emergency department complaining of 7 hours of 10/10 intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and dark red stools. On exam, there is tenderness to palpation in the right lower quadrant and high-pitched bowel sounds. Technetium-99m pertechnetate scan was performed ... | A: It contains all the layers of the GI tract |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of constipation, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite for the past 2 months. She started a new diet and has been exercising 2 hours daily for several months in order to lose weight. She has a history of hypertension and hypothyroidism. She does not smoke or drink a... | E: Vitamin D toxicity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old man presents with a painful right arm. He says the pain started several hours ago after he fell on his right shoulder while playing college football. He says that he felt a stinging sensation running down his right arm when he fell. On physical examination, there is a reduced range of motion of the righ... | C: Diplopia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because of profuse diarrhea and vomiting that have lasted for 2 days. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. Past medical history is noncontributor... | B: String test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the hospital by his mother with complaints of fever and right flank pain for the past 3 days. His mom mentions that he has had these symptoms recurrently for the past 4 years. He was treated with antibiotics in the past and got better, but eventually, these symptoms recurred. On physica... | D: Tubules containing eosinophilic casts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old woman presents for evaluation of a mild bloody vaginal discharge for the past 4 months. Bleeding increases after sexual intercourse. For the past few weeks, the patient also began to note an unpleasant odor. The patient has a regular 28-day menstrual cycle. Her husband has been her only sexual partner f... | D: Human papillomavirus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old female from a rural village in Afghanistan presents with her mother to a local health center complaining of leg weakness. Her mother also reports that the patient had a fever, fatigue, and headache a week prior that resolved. The patient has not received any immunizations since being born. Her temperatur... | A: Non-enveloped (+) ssRNA virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man presents for evaluation of vitamin D deficiency with possible osteomalacia. The patient had a pathologic fracture 3 weeks ago and was found to have dangerously low levels of vitamin D with normal serum calcium levels. Bone density has been drastically affected, leading to the fracture this patient e... | B: Calcitriol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of a dry cough and shortness of breath on exertion. She also reports recurrent episodes of pain, stiffness, and swelling in her wrist and her left knee over the past 6 months. She had two miscarriages at age 24 and 28. Physical examination shows ... | D: Decreased diffusing capacity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is found in the wilderness behind a ski resort where he was lost for 2 days, and deprived of food and water. He is rushed to the emergency department for medical care. Which of the following parameters best describes his physiologic state when found?? {'A': 'Urine volume: decreased; urine osmolarity... | E: Urine volume: decreased; urine osmolarity: increased; free water clearance: decreased; antidiuretic hormone (ADH): increased |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department for a change in his behavior. The patient's wife called 911 and he was brought in by emergency medical services. She noticed that he seemed somnolent and not very responsive. The patient has a past medical history of type II diabetes, obesity, osteoarthritis, and... | E: Discontinue the patient's home medications |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man seeks evaluation at a medical office for facial swelling and blood in his urine during the last 3 days. He claims that he has had weakness, malaise, and low-grade fevers for the past 3 months. On physical examination, the blood pressure is 160/96 mm Hg and he has periorbital edema bilaterally. The l... | E: Collagen type IV |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old man is admitted with a history of altered mental status. He was in his usual state of health until a few days ago when he has started to become confused, lethargic, forgetful, and repeating the same questions. Over the last few days, he sometimes appears perfectly normal, and, at other times, he has dif... | A: Delirium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man presents with a severe, throbbing, left-sided headache for the last 2 hours. He says that the pain has been progressively worsening and is aggravated by movement. The patient says he has had similar episodes in the past and would take acetaminophen and ‘sleep it off’. He also complains that the ligh... | B: 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1 (5-HT1) receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old male with a history of injection drug use has been feeling short of breath and fatigued for the past several weeks. He is having trouble climbing the stairs to his apartment and occasionally feels like his heart is racing out of control. His past medical history is most notable for a previous bout of in... | D: Widened pulse pressure |
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