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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for the past 24 hours. She has been feeding poorly and has had difficulty latching on when breastfeeding since this started. She has also had nasal congestion. The mother reports that her daughter ha... | B: Respiratory syncytial virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week-history of progressively worsening dyspnea and intermittent chest pain that increases on inspiration. He had an upper respiratory tract infection 2 weeks ago. His pulse is 115/min and blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg. Examination shows inspiratory ... | B: Elevated brain natriuretic peptide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old G1P0 woman presents to the emergency department at 34 weeks gestation. She complains of vague upper abdominal pain and nausea which has persisted for 2 weeks, as well as persistent headache over the past several days. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 164/89 mmHg, pulse is 88/min, re... | B: Cesarean section |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother after a fall in the park. Her mother reports a history of spontaneous frequent falls and delayed development for which calcium and iron supplementations were prescribed by their family physician. She has been on antibiotic therapy for the last 2 d... | D: α- fetoprotein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old African American woman presents to the physician’s office complaining of sudden onset chest pain. She describes the pain as sharp, non-radiating with improvement when she is sitting up and leaning forward. She denies fever, chills, or a cough, but she has had swollen hands and wrists for the past 3 week... | B: Anti-histone antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 20 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision. His pulse is 120/min, respirations are 28/min and labored, and blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg. Physical examination shows ecchymoses over the trunk and... | C: Organ-independent elimination |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Scientists are studying human lung development by trying to identify which proteins and signaling factors trigger lung bud division and bronchiole branching. Their main focus is particularly around the 20th week of gestation, during which terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles and further into alveo... | C: Canalicular |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old male with congestive heart failure recently had his medication regiment adjusted to better control his hypertension. Three weeks later, laboratory analysis shows his serum calcium and magnesium levels have both decreased. The diuretic used in this patient acts predominantly on which nephron segment:? {'... | C: Thick ascending loop of Henle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher is trying to decipher how mRNA codons contain information about proteins. He first constructs a sequence of all cytosine nucleotides and sees that a string of prolines is synthesized. He knows from previous research that information is encoded in groups of 3 so generates the following sequences: ACCACCAC... | E: Wobble hypothesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to an ophthalmologist with progressive decrease in his visual acuity over the last 6 months. He also mentions that he has become excessively sensitive to light over the same duration. Past medical history is significant for schizophrenia diagnosed in early adulthood which has been managed w... | A: Chlorpromazine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Eight hours after undergoing successful cholecystectomy, a 65-year-old man with scoliosis complains of shortness of breath. Respirations are 28/min and pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 85%. Physical examination shows kyphotic deformation of the thorax. Cardiopulmonary examination shows interco... | B: Collapsed alveoli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after falling while mountain biking and hitting his head. Initially, he refused treatment, but an hour ago he began to develop a severe headache, nausea, and left leg weakness. He has no visual changes and is oriented to person, time, and place. His tem... | C: Subfalcine herniation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort for the past couple of hours. She says that the pain is dull in nature and denies any radiation. She admits to having similar episodes of pain in the past which subsided on its own. Her temperature is 37°C (99.6°F)... | A: Cholecystectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old male presents with a 1-year history of swaying while walking and recent episodes of tripping when ambulating. He has trouble trying to sit and get up from chairs, as well as walking up the stairs to his bedroom. On physical exam, the pediatrician notices nystagmus, absent deep tendon reflexes, significan... | B: Von Gierke's disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of progressive headaches, dizziness, and recurrent episodes of vomiting for 3 weeks. He has a history of surgical removal of a sac-like protuberance on his lower back soon after birth. Neurologic examination shows ataxia. Fundoscopy shows bilateral optic disk swell... | A: Chiari II malformation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man presents to the primary care physician complaining of 6 months of increasing dyspnea and non-productive cough. He has a past medical history of asthma, hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. On examination, you notice that he takes shallow breaths and the respiratory rate is 22/min. On aus... | A: Amiodarone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for the evaluation of several episodes of vomiting since this morning. He reports nausea and severe headache. Over the past four days, he has had fever, a runny nose, and a sore throat. His mother gave him an analgesic drug tha... | B: Hepatic mitochondrial injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy presents with a 3-day history of frothy brown urine. He does not complain of any other symptoms. He notes that 3 weeks ago he had a fever with a sore throat, but he did not receive any treatment at the time. His blood pressure is 152/94 mm Hg, heart rate is 72/min, respiratory rate is 15/min, and te... | D: Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old male has been hospitalized for the past 3 days after undergoing a revision left total hip replacement. Over the past several hours, the nursing staff reports that the patient has exhibited fluctuating periods of intermittent drowsiness and confusion where he has been speaking to nonexistent visitors in ... | E: Possible etiologies include infection, trauma, or polypharmacy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening intermittent nausea and burning pain in her upper abdomen for 4 hours. She has not had retrosternal chest pain, shortness of breathing, or vomiting. She has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 yea... | C: Atrial gallop |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and the sensation of his heartbeat roaring in the ears. He informs you that he recently had an acute upper respiratory infection. He is a retired car salesman, and he informs you that he and his partner enjoy t... | E: Direct Coombs Test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old G1P0 gives birth to a male infant at 33 weeks’ gestation. The mother immigrated from Sudan one month prior to giving birth. She had no prenatal care and took no prenatal vitamins. She does not speak English and is unable to provide a medical history. The child’s temperature is 101.0°F (38.3°C), blood pr... | A: Togavirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office by his mother because of facial swelling for the past 2 days. The mother says that her son has always been healthy and active but is becoming increasingly lethargic and now has a puffy face. Upon inquiry, the boy describes a foamy appearance of his urine, but deni... | A: Decreased glomerular oncotic pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old female is brought to the physician by her mother who is concerned about her recent behaviors. The mother states that her daughter has been collecting “useless items” in her apartment over the last year. When she tried to persuade her daughter to throw away several years’ worth of old newspapers, her dau... | C: High dose SSRI for hoarding disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl with a history of painful crises and impaired growth presents for evaluation of sickle cell disease. You perform hemoglobin gel electrophoresis, and diagnose her with homozygous sickle cell disease. Which of the gel electrophoresis lanes in the image is hers?? {'A': 'Lane 2', 'B': 'Lane 3', 'C': 'La... | C: Lane 4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male presents to your office following a diagnosis of an autosomal dominant disease. He has started therapy and has a strong family support system. He endorses a decrease in appetite over the last two weeks that he attributes to sadness surrounding his diagnosis and a depressed mood but denies any suici... | B: Caudate and putamen atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week-old neonate in the intensive care unit presents as severely ill. His mother says he was a bit irritated earlier this week, and his condition deteriorated quickly. It is apparent that he is in constant pain. He could not be fed easily and vomited three times since yesterday alone. The physical examination is ... | C: Surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He has a 20-year history of seizure disorder characterized by sudden-onset, periodic, jerking movements of both arms and lip smacking. He has a history of intravenous cocaine use. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 80/min... | A: Phenytoin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man is brought to his primary care provider by his concerned wife. She reports he has had this "thing" on his eye for years and refuses to seek care. He denies any pain or discharge from the affected eye. A picture of his eye is shown below. Given the diagnosis, what are you most likely to discover when... | C: He grew up in Ecuador, where he worked outdoors as a farmer for 30 years |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for the evaluation of irregular menstrual bleeding. Menses have occurred at 60- to 90-day intervals since menarche at the age of 12 years. Her last menstrual period was 4 weeks ago. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use condoms consiste... | D: Combination oral contraceptives |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after sustaining a gunshot wound to the neck. She did not lose consciousness. On arrival, she has severe neck pain. She appears anxious. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 105/min, respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg... | B: CT angiography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:During protein translation the triplet code of mRNA is read by a ribosome and assisted elongation and translation factors until it reaches a stop codon labeled: UAA, UAG, or UGA. Then, when a stop codon is reached, a releasing factor binds, removing the peptide from the active ribosome and completing translation. Wha... | A: Nonsense mutation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-hour-old newborn female is found in the newborn nursery with a diffuse swelling of the scalp not present at birth. The child was born at 38 weeks of gestation to a 28-year-old gravida 3. The mother went into spontaneous labor, but the delivery was complicated by a prolonged second stage of labor. A vacuum-assiste... | A: Between scalp and galea aponeurosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle collision. Her temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 24/min, and blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg. Examination shows second and third-degree burns covering 30% of the surface area of her body. Intrav... | C: Hyperkalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An energy drink that claims to improve athletic performance is being investigated by a group of scientists for its mechanism of action. Although its exact mode of action is unknown, an active substance in the drink is thought to increase the activity of an ATPase involved in muscle contraction. By radiolabeling the a... | B: II (represented on image as H band) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents with a high-grade fever, throbbing left-sided headache, vision loss, and left orbital pain. He says that his symptoms started acutely 2 days ago with painful left-sided mid-facial swelling and a rash, which progressively worsened. Today, he woke up with complete vision loss in his left eye.... | D: Histopathological examination shows non-septate branching hyphae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with chest pain. She describes the chest pain as severe, 9/10, sharp in character, and diffusely localized to anterior chest wall. She also says she is sweating profusely and feels like “she is about to die”. She has presented to at least 4 different emergency rooms ... | A: Paroxetine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has suffered from seizures since the age of 8 months. His mother has noticed he often has unprovoked bouts of laughter and loves playing with water. She describes him as having a happy, excitable demeanor. He can stand without support but ca... | A: Microdeletion of maternal 15q11-q13 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old African-American woman, gravida 4, para 0, comes to the physician for evaluation of recurrent abortions. Each pregnancy resulted in spontaneous abortion in the second trimester. The patient has a history of joint pain, chronic migraines, and recurrent poorly defined, macular skin rashes. She also report... | D: Test for anticardiolipin antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the structural characteristics of pathogenic viruses. Cell cultures infected by different viruses are observed under a scanning electron microscope. One of the cell samples is infected by a virus that has an envelope composed of nuclear membrane molecules. The most likely virus that has in... | B: Shingles |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of profuse watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Four days ago, he returned from a backpacking trip across Southeast Asia. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor. Stool culture shows gram-negative, oxidase-positive,... | D: Grows well in medium with pH of 9 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old man presents to the clinic for a routine health checkup. He has been hypertensive for the past 20 years, and he has had congestive heart failure for the past 2 years. He is currently on captopril and claims to be compliant with his medication. His most recent echocardiogram report shows that his ejectio... | A: Hyperkalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He was born at term and has been healthy since. He can walk alone and run. He feeds himself with a spoon and can drink from a cup. He can scribble. He babbles and says 'mama'. He points to show objects in which he has interest. He is at 40t... | B: Audiology evaluation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 35-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing that began when she woke up that morning. She also reports a dry cough and chest pain that is worse with inspiration. She does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Her only medication ... | C: Measure fibrin degradation products |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of researchers conducted various studies on hepatitis C incidence and prevalence. They noticed that there is a high prevalence of hepatitis C in third-world countries, where it has a significant impact on the quality of life of the infected individual. The research group made several attempts to produce a vac... | C: Antigenic variation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man with Crohn disease is brought to the emergency department after he fainted at work. He says that he has been feeling increasingly fatigued and weak over the last several weeks though he has not previously had any episodes of syncope. On presentation he is found to be pale and agitated. A panel of la... | D: Inflammation of the jejunum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-month history of myalgias and recurrent episodes of retrosternal chest pain and dizziness. He has had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss during this period. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F), pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 160/102 mm Hg. Physical e... | B: Transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis on arterial biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of worsening upper abdominal pain that he first noticed this morning after waking up. The pain is of tearing and burning quality and radiates to his back. Yesterday, he underwent an upper endoscopy and was diagnosed with gastritis and a large... | E: Contrast esophagography with gastrografin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the principles of cell-to-cell signaling of the autonomic nervous system. It is found that the adrenal medulla has receptors that, when activated, result in the immediate opening of Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels, which subsequently leads to the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. The... | E: NM receptors of the quadriceps femoris muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of five episodes of painful oral ulcers over the past year. During this period, he has also had two painful genital ulcers that healed without treatment. He reports frequently having diffuse joint pain, malaise, and low-grade fever. There is no personal or f... | D: Behcet disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia undergoes multiple chemotherapeutic regimens but does not enter remission. His oncologist suggests that he enroll in a trial for a new medication that causes intercalation of DNA during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Which of the following anti-cancer agents is this new ... | B: Bleomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of shortness of breath while lying on her back over the past month. During this period, she has also had several episodes of bloody coughing. The patient reports that she had a heart problem when she was a child that was treated with antibiotics. She emigrated to the... | D: Mitral valve stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old child with a history of abdominal and thigh pain that runs in his family is brought into the emergency room by his mother. His mother states they have a "blood disease." She also states the child was coughing and had fever to 101.1 F over the last three days and has been suddenly feeling much worse. On e... | A: Aplastic anemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of gradually worsening fatigue, increased urinary frequency, and blurry vision for 5 months. He has not seen a doctor in several years. Physical examination shows decreased vibratory sense and proprioception in the lower extremities. His hemoglobin A1c is 10.4%.... | C: Glimepiride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-month-old infant is brought the pediatrician for immunizations and assessment. His parents report that he is eating well and produces several wet diapers every day. He is a happy and curious child. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is mee... | B: Ventricular septal defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old male is brought to the ER with a sore throat and fever. Examination of the pharynx reveals a dark, inflammatory exudate. Cysteine-tellurite agar culture produces black, iridescent colonies. Microscopic features of the causal organism most likely include which of the following?? {'A': 'Serpentine growth p... | B: Metachromic granules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old Caucasian male presents with hemoptysis and uremia. Blood tests show the presence of anti-basement membrane antibodies specific for collagen located in glomerular and pulmonary basement membranes. The patient undergoes plasmapheresis to help reduce the amount of anti-basement membrane antibodies. Which ... | A: Myasthenia gravis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Immunology researchers attempt to characterize the role of several cytokines in a 5-year-old male’s allergic reaction to peanuts. Months after initial exposure to peanuts, the child was brought to the ER due to repeat exposure with symptoms of anaphylaxis that resolved following epinephrine injection and supportive t... | A: B cell class switching |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A microbiology graduate student was given a swab containing an unknown bacteria that caused an ear infection in a seven-year-old girl. The student identified the bacteria as a gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci producing green rings around the colonies when grown on blood agar. Which of the following characterist... | E: Positive quellung reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recent fatigue and weakness that is exacerbated by cross-country skiing. Four weeks ago, she was diagnosed with pneumonia; sputum cultures on Eaton agar showed organisms that lacked a cell wall. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor and cyanosis of the fi... | E: Erythrocytes coated with autoantibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man with no medical history presents to his provider for infertility. He states that he and his partner have had unprotected intercourse for 1 year and have been unable to conceive. Upon further workup, he is determined to have antisperm antibodies (ASA), but he does not have any other signs or labs sug... | E: Occludins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man presents to the office for consultation regarding the results of recent laboratory studies. Medical history includes stage 3 chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension, which is currently well controlled with lisinopril and furosemide. The vital signs include: temperature 36.... | E: Simvastatin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for evaluation of a sore throat. The sore throat began 4 days ago and has progressively worsened. Associated symptoms include subjective fever, pain with swallowing, cough, and fatigue. The patient denies any cough or rhinorrhea. Vital signs are as follows: T 38.6 C, HR... | E: Perform rapid antigen detection test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 21-year-old college student is brought to the emergency department because of a 10-hour history of increasing headache, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. He returned from a mission trip to Haiti 3 weeks ago where he worked in a rural health clinic. He appears lethargic. He is oriented to pers... | D: Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a severely painful right ear with discharge for 10 days. The ear pain was acute in onset and is constant. She has been using over-the-counter eardrops but her symptoms have worsened. Her only medication is insulin, which she uses inco... | D: Intravenous ciprofloxacin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 74-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for shortness of breath and bilateral lower extremity pitting edema. She has had exacerbations like this in the past and notes that she has not been taking her home heart medications as scheduled. Review of systems is negative for any other symptoms including G... | D: No treatment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl presents to the emergency room due to difficulty walking. According to her parents, she has been complaining of pain in her right leg for the last few days. Her neighbor’s cat bit her last week and her parents attributed the pain to her healing bite. At the time of the bite they cleaned the wound an... | E: Ampicillin and sulbactam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of a painful rash affecting his left foot. For the past 2 years, he has had recurrent episodes of color changes in his fingers when exposed to the cold; his fingers first turn white and then progress to blue and red before spontaneously resolving. H... | B: Segmental thrombosing inflammation with sparing of the internal elastic lamina |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male nurse presents to the emergency room complaining of fever and malaise. He recently returned from a medical trip to Liberia to help with a deadly outbreak of a highly infectious disease. He reports severe generalized muscle pain, malaise, fatigue, and a sore throat. He has recently developed some di... | E: Marburg virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. She exercises every day and follows a healthy diet. She does not smoke and consumes alcohol moderately. There is no family history of chronic disease. Her blood... | A: Atorvastatin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of progressive difficulty breathing and a productive cough for the past 2 days. During the past 6 months, he has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia treated with antibiotics. He has not gained weight in this time period. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F), pulse i... | A: Overexpression of the N-myc oncogene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the physician because of difficulty initiating urination, terminal dribbling of urine, and bone pain for 3 months. He has no medical history of serious illness, and he currently takes no medications. His father had prostate cancer at age 58. His vital signs are within normal limits. The ... | B: Androgen deprivation therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic complaining of diarrhea. She also has episodes during which her face becomes red and she becomes short of breath. These symptoms have been ongoing for the past few months. Five years ago she had an appendectomy. The medical history is otherwise not significant. On phys... | B: Start the patient on octreotide to manage the symptoms |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic for a follow-up visit. She initially came with complaints of recurrent headaches and darkening of her knuckles and skin creases, which first began 6 months ago after she underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Today, she says that she frequently bumps into people and object... | D: Loss of a regulatory process |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought in by his mother for a well-visit. She reports that he is going to start kindergarten soon. She is worried that he doesn’t like to play outside with the other kids on the block. When asked, the patient says “I like video games more than running. My big brother plays with me.” His mother st... | E: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy with cerebral palsy is about to undergo a femoral osteotomy. An intravenous catheter needs to be placed; however, given prior experience the boy is extremely anxious and does not want to be stuck with a needle while awake. The decision is made to administer appropriate anesthesia by mask first before... | D: Low blood solubility |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to her physician with hip pain. She has had pain in both hips for almost 5 years, and it has progressed over time. She notes that it gets worse as the day goes on, making it difficult for her to walk her small dog in the evening. She has a little morning stiffness which subsides quickly a... | A: Switching acetaminophen to meloxicam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes into the ED after getting into a fight at a bar. He tells the physician that he was punched in the face for no reason. In the ED, he declares multiple times that he is incredibly angry and upset that he was beaten up. The patient's mood rapidly shifts between anger and sadness. He is wearing a... | C: Histrionic personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old African American woman presents to the clinic complaining of pain and swelling of her hands and wrists for the past 5 months. The symptoms are worse in the morning and are associated with stiffness that lasts about 15 minutes. She also complains of profound fatigue and decreased appetite. She is sexuall... | C: Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old man presents to urgent care with severe vomiting. He states that he was at a camping ground for a party several hours ago and then suddenly began vomiting profusely. He denies experiencing any diarrhea and otherwise states he feels well. The patient only has a past medical history of lactose intolerance... | A: Egg salad |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination 1 year after an uncomplicated liver transplantation. He feels well but wants to know how long he can expect his donor graft to function. The physician informs him that the odds of graft survival are 90% at 1 year, 78% at 5 years, and 64% at 10 years... | C: 71% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man who recently immigrated from Mexico presents to the clinic with fever, a productive cough streaked with blood, back pain, and night sweats. He was found to be HIV-positive 3 years ago but does not know his most recent CD4+ count. With further questioning, the patient notes that he had previously exp... | C: Epithelioid cells surrounded by multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 87-year-old woman presents with fever, fatigue, and blood in her urine. She says that symptoms onset 3 days ago and have not improved. She describes the fatigue as severe and that her urine also has an odd smell to it. She denies any recent history of chills, abdominal or flank pain, or similar past symptoms. Past... | D: Interferon-gamma release assays |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room because of a 5-day history of high fever and fatigue. During this time she has been crying more than usual and eating less. Her mother says that the child has also complained about pain in her arms and legs for the past 3 days. She was born at term and has been other... | C: Obtain 3 sets of blood cultures |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old primigravid woman at 16 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of vaginal bleeding. She has had spotting for the last 2 days. She has had standard prenatal care. A viable uterine pregnancy was confirmed on ultrasonography during a prenatal care visit 2 weeks ago. She reports recurren... | E: Placental thrombosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a general checkup. The patient has no complaints, but is overweight by 20 lbs. The physician orders outpatient labs which come back with an elevated total bilirubin. Concerned, the PCP orders further labs which show: total bilirubin: 2.4, direct bilirubin 0... | E: Diagnosis is readily made with characteristic metabolic response to rifampin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A clinical trial is conducted to determine the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-amyloid levels as a biomarker in the early detection and prognosis of Alzheimer disease. A total of 100 participants are enrolled and separated into three groups according to their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score: mild de... | E: Analysis of variance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever has been experiencing exertional fatigue and dyspnea. She has begun using several pillows at night to sleep and occasionally wakes up at night gasping for air. On exam, she appears dyspneic and thin. Cardiac exam reveals a loud S1, opening snap, and apical diastol... | B: Short time between A2 and the opening snap |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of a productive cough. He has daily yellowish sputum with occasional streaks of blood in it. Twelve years ago, he was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis for 6 months. He has hypertension and coronary artery disease. He does not smoke or drink alcoh... | B: Repositioning the patient causes the mass to move |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son because of a 2-month history of diarrhea and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Her son says that she frequently trips over the nightstand when she gets up to go to the bathroom at night. She is 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) tall and weighs 54 kg (120 lb); BM... | A: Retinol |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for confusion and fever. The patient began complaining of a headache yesterday afternoon that progressively got worse. After waking him up this morning, his mom noticed that “he seemed funny and wasn’t able to carry a conversation fully.” When a... | D: Optochin sensitivity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man is bitten by a copperhead snake, and he is successfully treated with sheep hyperimmune Fab antivenom. Six days later, the patient develops an itchy abdominal rash and re-presents to the emergency department for medical care. He works as a park ranger. His medical history is significant for gout, hyp... | C: Type III–immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Treatment with intravenous acyclovir is initiated. Three days later, the patient develops progressively worse fatigue, headache, and colicky pain in his right flank. His temperature is 36.7°C (98°F), pulse is 85/min, and blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg. Examination shows no new lesions. Laboratory studies show: Hemogl... | D: Crystals and white blood cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of a 6-month history of progressive fatigue and worsening shortness of breath on exertion. The parents report that the boy “has always been tired out a bit more easily than other kids.” The family recently immigrated to the United States from rural ... | C: Persistent blood flow between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband for evaluation of the sudden onset of chest pain and breathlessness 2 hours ago. The pain increases with deep inspiration. She had a total hip replacement 20 days ago. She has hypertension, for which she takes a calcium channel blocker. She has... | C: Embolism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was diagnosed with asthma one year ago and uses an albuterol inhaler as needed. His mother reports that he has had shortness of breath on exertion and a dry cough 3–4 times per week over the past month. Pulmonary examination shows expiratory whe... | D: Oral rinsing after medication administration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presents to the urgent care clinic with increased vaginal discharge and dysuria. On social history review, she endorses having multiple recent sexual partners. The patient uses oral contraceptive pills for contraception and states that she has not missed a ... | A: Single-dose PO metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl presented to the emergency department after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure that lasted one minute, an hour ago. She has been in good health since birth and has no history of convulsions in the past. She has been sick with an upper respiratory tract infection for the last 2 days, and her parents ... | D: Glutathione saturation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man comes to the emergency department with his wife because of a 3-day history of severe pain in his right arm. He also reports that he cannot move his right arm. The symptoms began after the patient woke up one morning, having slept on his side. He is otherwise healthy. He works as a waiter and says th... | C: Malingering |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A female newborn delivered at 38 weeks’ gestation is evaluated for abdominal distention and bilious vomiting 24 hours after delivery. The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. She appears lethargic and her fontanelles are sunken. An x-ray of the abdomen is shown. This infant most likely has a congenital obstruct... | E: Duodenum " |
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