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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents due to pubic hair growth and changes in his voice. He has been developing in the 98th percentile for his age. His vaccination is up-to-date. The patient’s blood pressure is within the 60th percentile for his age. Physical examination reveals pubic and arm... | C: 21-hydroxylase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman with beta-thalassemia major is brought to the physician because of a 2-month history of fatigue, darkening of her skin, and pain in her ankle joints. She has also had increased thirst and frequent urination for 2 weeks. She receives approximately 5 blood transfusions every year; her last transfusi... | B: Elevated ferritin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a routine checkup. He currently has no complaints. During routine blood work, he is found to have a slightly elevated calcium (10.4 mg/dL) and some findings of plasma cells in his peripheral blood smear (less than 10%). His physician orders a serum protein ... | B: Kidney damage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with breathlessness for the last hour. She is unable to provide any history due to her dyspnea. Her vitals include: respiratory rate 20/min, pulse 100/min, and blood pressure 144/84 mm Hg. On physical examination, she is visibly obese, and her breathing is labo... | B: Alveolar hypoventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 75-year-old woman presents with episodic abdominal pain following meals for the past few years. She says these episodes have worsened over the past month. Past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed 30 years ago, managed with metformin. Her most recent HbA1C last month was 10%. Vital ... | D: Mesenteric artery occlusion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman with osteoarthritis presents to the emergency room with a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting. Over the past few weeks, the patient has been taking painkillers to control worsening knee pain. Physical examination reveals scleral icterus and tender hepatomegaly. The patient appears confused. Labor... | B: N-acetylcysteine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl presents to a pediatrician for a scheduled follow-up visit. She was diagnosed with her first episode of acute otitis media 10 days ago and had been prescribed oral amoxicillin. Her clinical features at the time of the initial presentation included pain in the ear, fever, and nasal congestion. The ty... | E: Observation and regular follow-up |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old female presents to the clinic with frequent and voluminous urination for 2 weeks. She is a new patient and does not have any medical records as she recently moved to the US from Europe to live with her grandson. When asked about any prior health issues, she looks confused and shows some medications that... | E: Lithium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of sudden severe groin pain and swelling of his left testicle. It started roughly 5 hours ago and has been progressively worsening. History reveals that he has had multiple sexual partners but uses condoms regularly. Vital signs include: blood pr... | D: Surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31 year-old-man presents to an urgent care clinic with symptoms of lower abdominal pain, bloating, bloody diarrhea, and fullness, all of which have become more frequent over the last 3 months. Rectal examination reveals a small amount of bright red blood. His vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood ... | E: Total proctocolectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5 month-old boy with no significant past medical, surgical, or family history is brought the pediatrician by his parents for a new rash. The parents state that the rash started several weeks earlier and has not changed. The boy has breastfed since birth and started experimenting with soft foods at the age of 4 mont... | A: Infantile seborrheic dermatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to you for a routine health checkup. She has no complaints. Family history is significant for 2 of her siblings who have died from Tay-Sachs disease, but she and her parents are phenotypically normal. Which of the following are the chances of this person being a heterozygous carrier of th... | D: 66% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A nine-year-old female presents to the pediatrician for short stature. The patient is in third grade and is the shortest child in her class. She is otherwise doing well in school, and her teacher reports that she is at or above grade level in all subjects. The patient has many friends and plays well with her two youn... | B: Continuous, flow murmur best heard in the interscapular region |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his son for odd behavior. The patient and his son had planned to go on a hike today. On the drive up to the mountain, the patient began acting strangely which prompted the patient's son to bring him in. The patient has a past medical history of constipation,... | E: Physostigmine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy presents with sudden onset right sided weakness of his arm and face and difficulty speaking. He denies any problems with hearing or comprehension. The patient has no history of chest pain, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. No significant past medical history. The patient is afebrile, and vital sig... | C: Cystathionine synthase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents to her physician for a checkup. The past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2, and a history of myocardial infarction. The current medications are aspirin, lisinopril, metoprolol, atorvastatin, and metformin. The patient’s HbA1c is 7.9%, and her fasting blood glucos... | C: It does not decrease cardiovascular outcomes. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A medical student volunteers for an experiment in the physiology laboratory. Before starting the experiment, her oral temperature is recorded as 36.9°C (98.4°F). She is then made to dip both her hands in a bowl containing ice cold water. She withdraws her hands out of the water, and finds that they look pale and feel... | A: Cutaneous vasoconstriction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man presents to the emergency department with progressive shortness of breath, productive cough, and fever of 38.3°C (100.9°F) for the past 2 days. The patient is known to be a severe smoker with an estimated 40 pack-year history and has been hospitalized 2 times due to similar symptoms over the past ye... | D: Increase in P wave amplitude |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old boy born to a primigravida with no complications has an ear infection. He is treated with antibiotics and sent home. His parents bring him back 1 month later with an erythematous and swollen umbilical cord still attached to the umbilicus. A complete blood cell count shows the following: Hemoglobin 18.1 g/... | A: CD18 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine medical check-up. The patient feels well. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recurrent panic attacks. He had a myocardial infarction 3 years ago. He underwent a left inguinal hernia repair at the age of 25 years. A colonoscopy 2 years ago was norm... | E: Mitral valve prolapse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of a pruritic rash for 2 days. The girl's mother says she noticed a few isolated skin lesions on her trunk two days ago that appear to be itching. The girl received her routine immunizations 18 days ago. Her mother has been giving her ibuprofen for her symptoms.... | E: Replication of the attenuated vaccine strain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A parent-teacher conference is called to discuss the behavior of a 9-year-old boy. According to the boy's teacher, he has become progressively more disruptive during class. He is performing poorly in school and has trouble focusing. He is destructive to classroom property, tore a classmate's art project, and takes ot... | A: Conduct disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An anesthesiologist is preparing a patient for a short surgical procedure. The physician would like to choose a sedating agent that can be given intravenously and will have a quick onset of action and short half-life. Which of the following agents would be ideal for this purpose?? {'A': 'Succinylcholine', 'B': 'Hydro... | C: Sodium thiopental |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 44-year-old man is brought by his coworkers to the emergency department 45 minutes after he became light-headed and collapsed while working in the boiler room of a factory. He did not lose consciousness. His coworkers report that 30 minutes prior to collapsing, he told them he was nauseous and ha... | A: Ice water immersion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodic tingling and numbness in his right hand for the past 3 months. His symptoms are worse in the evening. There is no history of trauma. He is employed as a carpenter. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 10 years. He drinks a pint of vodka dai... | A: Cubital tunnel |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man and his mother arrive for a psychiatric evaluation. She is concerned about his health and behavior ever since he dropped out of graduate school and moved back home 8 months ago. He is always very anxious and preoccupied with thoughts of school and getting a job. He also seems to behave very oddly at... | C: Schizophrenia disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after he was found screaming and clutching his head. He has had nausea and occasional episodes of vomiting for 1 week, fever and left-sided headaches for 2 weeks, and increasing tooth pain over the past 3 weeks. He has no history of ear or sinus inf... | D: Pyogenic brain abscess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old child whose family recently immigrated from Africa is brought in for a wellness visit. The boy appears indifferent, doesn’t seem to make eye contact, and keeps to himself. Upon examination, it is noted that his height and weight are below the 5th percentile. Furthermore, his abdomen is protuberant, and t... | E: Severe protein malnutrition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents with excessive urination. He reports that he urinates 10 times a day and wakes up multiple times a night to pee. He complains that this is affecting both his social life and his ability to concentrate at work. He states that he always has an “active bladder,” but his symptoms worsened when ... | E: Lithium cessation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old female presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. She describes the pain as dull and getting progressively worse over the last several weeks. She denies any relationship to eating. Her past medical history is significant for endometriosis, which she manages with oral cont... | E: Oral contraceptive pill use |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old African American gentleman presents to the emergency department with sudden onset "vice-like" chest pain, diaphoresis, and pain radiating to his left shoulder. He has ST elevations on his EKG and elevated cardiac enzymes. Concerning his current pathophysiology, which of the following changes would you e... | C: Decreased cardiac output; increased systemic vascular resistance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presents to the outpatient OB/GYN clinic with her parents for concerns of primary amenorrhea. She denies any symptoms and appears relatively unconcerned about her presentation. The review of systems is negative. Physical examination demonstrates an age-appr... | C: Serum beta hCG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with complaints of fatigue, weight gain of 5.5 kg (12.1 lb) and intermittent nausea over the past 4 months. She denies any changes to her diet. She has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for the past 27 years complicated by diabetic neuropathy. Vital signs include: ... | B: Perindopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A study is performed to assess the intelligence quotient and the crime rate in a neighborhood. Students at a local high school are given an assessment and their criminal and disciplinary records are reviewed. One of the subjects scores 2 standard deviations over the mean. What percent of students did he score higher ... | D: 97.5% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of shortness of breath and easy fatigability when exercising for extended periods of time. He also reports that, when he exercises, his lower legs and feet turn a bluish-gray color. He cannot remember visiting a doctor since he was in elementar... | D: Continuous, machine-like murmur at the left infraclavicular area |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man presents to urgent care with a 1-week history of severe diarrhea. He says that he has been having watery stools every 2-3 hours. The stools do not contain blood and do not float. On presentation, he is observed to have significant facial flushing, and laboratory tests reveal the following: Serum: Na... | E: Vasoactive intestinal peptide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of shortness of breath, chest pain, and a cough for 2 days. The pain is exacerbated by deep inspiration. He has a history of congestive heart failure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Current medications include metoprolol, lisinopril, spiron... | A: Parenchymal consolidation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old male presents in consultation for weight loss surgery. He is 6’0” and weighs 300 pounds. He has tried multiple dietary and exercise regimens but has been unsuccessful in losing weight. The surgeon suggests a sleeve gastrectomy, a procedure that reduces the size of the stomach removing a large portion of... | C: Splenic artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old teenager is brought to the emergency department after having slipped on ice while walking to school. She hit her head on the side of the pavement and retained consciousness. She was brought to the closest ER within an hour of the incident. The ER physician sends her immediately to get a CT scan and also... | B: Phosphofructokinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy who otherwise has no significant past medical history presents to the pediatric clinic accompanied by his father for a 2-day history of high fever, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. The patient’s father endorses that these symptoms began approximately 3 weeks after the family got a ... | D: Exposure to bacteria at school |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents with a complaint of penile discharge. He says that he noticed a yellowish watery discharge from his penis since last week. He adds that he has painful urination only in the mornings, but he sometimes feels a lingering pain in his genital region throughout the day. He denies any fever, body ... | B: Doxycycline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old male presents to his pediatrician with a sore throat. He reports a severely painful throat preceded by several days of malaise and fatigue. He has a history of seasonal allergies and asthma. The patient is a high school student and is on the school wrestling team. He takes cetirizine and albuterol. His ... | E: CD21 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of chest pain and a cough productive of blood-tinged sputum that started 1 hour ago. Two days ago, she returned from a trip to China. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Her only home medication is oral hormone repla... | B: Iliac vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old female comes to the physician because of generalized fatigue and malaise for 3 months. Four months ago, she was treated for a urinary tract infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. She has hypertension, asthma, chronic lower back pain, and chronic headaches. Current medications include hydrochlorot... | C: Inhibition of prostaglandin I2 production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents with a 1-month history of a depressed mood. He says that he has been “feeling low” on most days of the week. He also says he has been having difficulty sleeping, feelings of being worthless, difficulty performing at work, and decreased interest in reading books (his hobby). He has no signif... | E: Continue sertraline |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman presents complaining of feeling sleepy all the time. She reports having an uncontrollable urge to take multiple naps during the day and sometimes sees strange shadows in front of her before falling asleep. Although she awakens feeling refreshed and energized, she often finds herself ‘stuck’ and ca... | B: Methylphenidate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman presents to the women’s clinic with chronic pelvic pain, especially during sexual intercourse. She also reports new onset yellowish vaginal discharge. She has no significant past medical history. She does not take contraceptive pills as she has had a copper intrauterine device placed. She smokes 2... | E: Pelvic inflammatory disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a health maintenance examination. He has a 10-month history of tingling of his feet at night and has had two recent falls. Three years ago, he underwent retinal laser photocoagulation in both eyes. Current medications include insulin and lisin... | C: Incomplete bladder emptying |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of nausea and weakness. She is sexually active with 2 male partners and uses an oral contraceptive; she uses condoms inconsistently. Her last menstrual period was 4 days ago. Her temperature is 38.4°C (101°F). Physical examinatio... | C: Ascending bacteria from the bladder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought in to her pediatrician by her parents due to developmental concerns. The patient developed normally throughout childhood, but she has not yet menstruated and has noticed that her voice is getting deeper. The patient has no other health issues. On exam, her temperature is 98.6°F (37.0°C)... | E: Scrotum and the labia majora |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after the onset of right-sided weakness and impaired speech. On admission, she is diagnosed with thrombotic stroke and treatment with alteplase is begun. Neurologic examination four weeks later shows residual right hemiparesis. A CT scan of the hea... | C: Liquefactive necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the office by his mother because of a large head contusion and altered mental status. At first, the mother says her son got injured when a “pot fell from a shelf onto his head.” Later, she changes the story and says that he hit his head after “tripping over a football.” Physical examina... | A: Child abuse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a severe headache. He says that the pain has been getting progressively worse over the last 24 hours and is located primarily in his left forehead and eye. The headaches have woken him up from sleep and it is not relieved by over-the-counter medications. He ... | C: Ophthalmoplegia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A doctor is interested in developing a new over-the-counter medication that can decrease the symptomatic interval of upper respiratory infections from viral etiologies. The doctor wants one group of affected patients to receive the new treatment, but he wants another group of affected patients to not be given the tre... | A: Clinical treatment trial |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 22-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of several episodes of palpitations that began a couple of days ago. The palpitations are intermittent in nature, with each episode lasting 5–10 seconds. She states that during each episode she feels as if her heart is going to “spin out... | B: Observation and rest |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. She states it started last night and has been getting worse during this time frame. She states she is otherwise healthy, does not use drugs, and has never had sexual intercourse. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 120/83 ... | E: Ultrasound and serum hCG in 48 hours |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of hoarseness and drooling. Initially, he had difficulty swallowing solid food, but now he has difficulty swallowing foods like oatmeal as well. During this period, he also developed weakness in both arms and has had an 8.2 kg (18 lb) weight loss. ... | D: Destruction of upper and lower motor neurons |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:At 10 a.m. this morning, a semi-truck carrying radioactive waste toppled over due to a blown tire. One container was damaged, and a small amount of its contents leaked into the nearby river. You are a physician on the government's hazardous waste committee and must work to alleviate the town's worries and minimize th... | C: Potassium iodide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care physician with a 3-week history of lower extremity edema and shortness of breath. She says that she has also noticed that she gets fatigued more easily and has been gaining weight. Her past medical history is significant for sickle cell disease and HIV... | D: Segmental scarring |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the trauma bay by emergency services after a motorbike accident in which the patient, who was not wearing a helmet, hit a pole of a streetlight with his head. When initially evaluated by the paramedics, the patient was responsive, albeit confused, opened his eyes spontaneously, and was... | C: Surgical evacuation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after being admitted for pneumonia, a 70-year-old man has repeated episodes of palpitations and nausea. He does not feel lightheaded and does not have chest pain. The patient appears mildly distressed. His pulse is 59/min and blood pressure is 110/60 mm Hg. Examination shows no abnormalities. Sputum cultures... | B: Administration of magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old male college student is admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit with a chief complaint of “thoughts about killing my girlfriend.” The patient explains that throughout the day he becomes suddenly overwhelmed by thoughts about strangling his girlfriend and hears a voice saying “kill her.” He recognizes ... | D: Clomipramine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two hours after undergoing allogeneic kidney transplantation for polycystic kidney disease, a 14-year-old girl has lower abdominal pain. Examination shows tenderness to palpation in the area the donor kidney was placed. Ultrasound of the donor kidney shows diffuse tissue edema. Serum creatinine begins to increase and... | C: Preformed antibodies against class I HLA molecules |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of several months of diarrhea. She has also had crampy abdominal pain. She has tried modifying her diet without improvement. She has many watery, non-bloody bowel movements per day. She also reports feeling fatigued. The patient has not recently t... | D: Focal ulcerations with granuloma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old woman presents to clinic with a week of fatigue, headache, and swelling of her ankles bilaterally. She reports that she can no longer go on her daily walk around her neighborhood without stopping frequently to catch her breath. At night she gets short of breath and has found that she can only sleep well... | B: (160 - 100) * 115 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He is asymptomatic. He reports that he recently found out that his wife had an affair with her personal trainer and that she now left him for her new partner. The patient is alone with their two children now. To be able to care for... | B: Intellectualization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week-old boy presents to the pediatrics clinic. The medical records notes a full-term delivery, however, the boy was born with chorioretinitis and swelling and calcifications in his brain secondary to an in utero infection. A drug exists that can be used to prevent infection by the pathogen responsible for this n... | C: Pneumocystitis jiroveci |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 3-month history of episodic abdominal pain. During this time, he has been more tired than usual. For the past 2 months, he has also had bulky stools that are difficult to flush. His maternal aunt has systemic lupus erythematosu... | D: Deficiency of clotting factor II |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is conducting a study to document the histological changes in the respiratory tree of a chronic smoker. He obtains multiple biopsy samples from the respiratory system of a previously healthy 28-year-old man. Histopathological examination of one sample shows simple cuboidal cells with a surrounding lay... | B: Terminal bronchiole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy presents with frequent episodes of blanking out or daydreaming. Each episode lasts for less than 10 seconds. During the episode, he is unaware of what is going on around him and does not respond to questions or calling his name. After the episode, he continues whatever he was doing before. An EEG is ... | A: Inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by staff of an assisted living facility where he resides with fever and a cough that produces yellow-green sputum. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F). Physical examination shows diffuse crackles over the right lung fields. An x-ray of the chest shows consolid... | A: Impairs bacterial degradation of piperacillin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old woman arrives at the emergency department due to intense central chest pain for 30 minutes this morning. She says the pain was cramping in nature and radiated down her left arm. She has a history of atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Her pulse is 98/min, respiratory rate is 19/min, temper... | E: Troponin I |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and muscle cramps for 6 weeks. He also noticed several episodes of tingling around the mouth and in the fingers and toes. He has osteoarthritis of his knees and hypertension. Current medications include ibuprofen and ramipril. He has smoked one pack of cigar... | D: Destruction of parathyroid glands |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new mother brings in her 4-week-old son who has no significant past medical history but she complains of a new, itchy rash on his body. The patient has an older sister who developed similar symptoms when she was around the same age. The patient's blood pressure is 121/78 mm Hg, pulse is 70/min, respiratory rate is ... | B: Hot baths that are too long, or too frequent, can dry out the skin. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old G5P3 presents with a 2-year history of leaking urine upon exerting herself, coughing, and laughing. Her symptoms are only present in the daytime. She denies urgency, nocturia, or painful urination. She has no menstrual cycle disturbances. Her husband is her only sexual partner. She has a 12 pack-year sm... | D: Cystocele |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man comes to the emergency department for acute tearing chest pain that radiates to the back. Despite appropriate therapy, the patient dies. Autopsy shows an increase in mucoid extracellular matrix and loss of smooth muscle cell nuclei in the media of large arteries. Which of the following additional fi... | D: Pectus carinatum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 46-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider reporting several weeks of fatigue and recent episodes of lightheadedness. She is concerned that she will have an episode while driving. She has never lost consciousness, and reports that there is no associated vertigo or dizziness. She states that she normall... | B: Microcytic anemia, increased TIBC, decreased ferritin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is sent to the emergency department by his primary care physician for hypertension. He was at a general health maintenance appointment when his blood pressure was found to be 180/115 mmHg; thus, prompting his primary doctor to send him to the emergency room. The patient is otherwise currently asympt... | C: Hypertensive emergency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man and his wife present to a psychologist’s office for a therapy session. He was encouraged to visit the psychiatrist 6 months ago by his wife and they have been meeting with the psychologist several times a month ever since. Initially, she was concerned about behavioral changes she observed after he w... | C: Introjection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old woman returns to her primary care provider complaining of fever, skin rash, and flank pain. She had just visited her PCP 2 weeks ago complaining of a sore throat and was diagnosed with pharyngitis. She was then given a 10 day prescription for phenoxymethylpenicillin. Today she is on day 6 of her prescri... | B: Discontinue the triggering medication(s) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old G3P1011 seeks evaluation at the obstetrics clinic for lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She is 15 weeks pregnant based on a first-trimester ultrasound. She had spotting early in the pregnancy, but has had no other problems. On physical examination she appears mildly anxious. Her vital signs are... | C: Threatened abortion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the rate of wound healing by secondary intention. He performs a biopsy of a surgically debrided wound 1 day and 5 days after the initial surgical procedure. The second biopsy shows wound contraction, endothelial cell proliferation, and accumulation of macrophages. The cells responsible for... | A: Reticular fibers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police. He was found obtunded at a homeless shelter. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse, intravenous (IV) drug use, schizophrenia, hepatitis C, and anxiety. His current medications include disulfiram, intramuscular haloperidol, thiamine,... | C: Fresh frozen plasma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old Asian G4P3 presents to her physician with a recently diagnosed pregnancy for a first prenatal visit. The estimated gestational age is 5 weeks. She had 2 vaginal deliveries and 1 medical abortion. Her children had birth weights of 4100 g and 4560 g. Her medical history is significant for gastroesophageal... | D: Glucose oral tolerance test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman presents with her husband to a physician with the complaints of fever, cough, and cold for the past 5 days. When the physician asks her if she has taken any medication for her symptoms, she answers, “My husband and I possess great powers to heal sickness. So I tried to cure my symptoms with my pow... | B: Folie à deux |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four scientists were trying to measure the effect of a new inhibitor X on the expression levels of transcription factor, HNF4alpha. They measured the inhibition levels by using RT-qPCR. In short they converted the total mRNA of the cells to cDNA (RT part), and used PCR to amplify the cDNA quantifying the amplificatio... | E: Enveloped, diploid (+) ssRNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old primigravida is admitted to the hospital at 35 weeks gestation after she was hit in the abdomen by her roommate. She complains of severe dizziness, abdominal pain, and uterine contractions. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg, heart rate 99/min, respiratory rate 20/min, and temper... | B: Increase in fundal height |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old internal medicine resident presents to the emergency department with complaints of fevers, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and skin rash for 2 days. He feels fatigued and has lost his appetite. On further questioning, he says that he returned from his missionary trip to Brazil last week. He is excited as he t... | E: Schistosoma mansoni |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department for fever and altered mental status. The patient was found by his wife in his chair at home. She noticed he responded incoherently to her questions. He has a past medical history of pancreatitis and alcohol abuse and is currently in a rehabilitation program. His ... | A: Asymptomatic |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with his family because of abdominal pain, excessive urination and drowsiness since the day before. He has had type 1 diabetes mellitus for 2 years. He ran out of insulin 2 days ago. His vital signs at admission include a temperature of 36.8°C (98.24°F), a bloo... | A: Anion gap < 10 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the physician because of worsening pain in his lower back, knees, and shoulders over the past few years. He used to be able to touch his fingers to his toes while standing; now he has difficulty touching his shins. He is wearing a shirt with dark brown stains around the armpits. Physical ex... | D: Tyrosine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the obstetrician for a prenatal visit. She has had a tingling pain in the thumb, index finger, and middle finger of her right hand for the past 6 weeks. Physical examination shows decreased sensation to pinprick touch on the thumb, index finger, ... | B: Thenar atrophy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a severe headache for 1 hour. Every day of the past week, he has experienced 3–4 episodes of severe pain over his left forehead. Each episode lasts around 30–45 minutes, and he reports pacing around restlessly during these episodes. He has been using acetaminophen f... | E: Oxygen therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for wrist pain. She reports a 4-month history of gradually worsening pain localized to the radial side of her right wrist. The pain is dull, non-radiating, and intermittent. Her past medical history is notable for rheumatoid arthritis and von Willebrand diseas... | C: Extensor pollicis brevis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old primigravida is admitted to the hospital at 36 weeks gestation with a severe frontal headache. The initial assessment shows her vital signs to be as follows: blood pressure, 170/90 mm Hg; heart rate, 85/min; respiratory rate; 15/min; and temperature, 36.9℃ (98.4℉). The fetal heart rate is 159/min. The p... | D: Magnesium sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator studying the effects of dietary salt restriction on atrial fibrillation compares two published studies, A and B. In study A, nursing home patients without atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned to a treatment group receiving a low-salt diet or a control group without dietary salt restriction. When... | C: Study A allows for better control of confounding variables |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, and altered mental status for 3 days. According to his daughter, he has had a productive cough during this period. He has type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, peripheral neuropathic pain, and a history of deep vein thro... | A: Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old sexually active woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted to a hospital 2 weeks after an uncomplicated cholecystectomy for pain, itching, and erythema at the incision site. Labs show a hemoglobin A1c of 6.5%, and wound cultures reveal mixed enteric bacteria. She is treated with appropriate antibio... | E: Self-inflicted wound contamination with fecal matter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy has a known genetic condition in which the substitution of thymine for adenine in the 6th codon of the beta globin gene leads to a single-point substitution mutation that results in the production of the amino acid valine in place of glutamic acid. The patient comes to the clinic regularly for blood... | A: Bone marrow hyperplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents with complaints of difficulty sleeping due to discomfort in her legs for the past 6 months. She is unable to describe the discomfort, but says it is an unpleasant, creeping and crawling feeling that is not painful. She feels an irresistible urge to move her legs to decrease the discomfort... | E: Ropinirole |
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