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1,314,259,996,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Model (SM) have long been considered attractive candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In their simplest realization they solve the hierarchy problem, have a dark matter candidate and predict gauge coupling unification. As such, su...
1,314,259,996,864
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Investigations into the behaviour of stars in globular clusters (GCs) have unearthed peculiarities that are not consistent with the expected behaviour of bound stars. These include extended structure surrounding clusters (\citealt{Grillmair1995}; \citealt{Kuzma2016}) and unusual surface density p...
1,314,259,996,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problems of dislocation dynamics, especially nonlinear one, and defects in crystals are still of high interest \cite{Sudzuki,ChCh96,GI:FMM,Sugakov,Natsik}. Among them there is well-known effect of acoustic waves on ionic crystals (mainly, semiconductors) which is studied and investigat...
1,314,259,996,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction and main results}\label{s1} \setcounter{equation}{0} \noindent A Frobenius manifold comes equipped locally with a potential. If one gives a definition which does not mention this potential explicitly, one nevertheless obtains it immediately by the following elementary fact: Let $z_i$ be the coor...
1,314,259,996,867
arxiv
\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:conc} \begin{table*} \mbox{}\hfill \scalebox{0.9}{\input{resume}} \hfill\mbox{} \caption{Summary of the known complexities of query containment for several Datalog fragments; sources for each claim are shown in square brackets, using $\setminus$ to separate sources for lower and upper...
1,314,259,996,868
arxiv
\section{Background and Related Work} \subsection{Secure Aggregation} \emph{Secure aggregation} protocols are secure multiparty computation (MPC)~\cite{evans2017pragmatic} protocols that allow a set of clients to work with a central server to aggregate their secret inputs, revealing only the final aggregated resul...
1,314,259,996,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $X\subset\P^3$ be a nonsingular projective cubic surface over a field~$k$ of characteristic zero. An \emph{elliptic fibration on~$X$}, sometimes called an \emph{elliptic fibration birational to~$X$}, is a dominant rational map $\phi\colon X\dashrightarrow B$ to a normal variety~$B$, where $...
1,314,259,996,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nonlinear Optimal Control Problems (OCPs) are critical to solve to obtain high performance in many engineering applications. For example, model predictive control (MPC) requires an OCP being solved in every control loop \cite{Bemporad2000}, while kinodynamic motion planners rely on solving OCPs b...
1,314,259,996,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay, remember picture] \node[red, yshift=-20mm, anchor=north, text width=115mm] at (current page.north) { \textbf{Preprint} version. Please consult the final version of record instead: \\ Lars Lenssen, Erich Schubert: Clustering by Direct Optimization of the Medoid Silhoue...
1,314,259,996,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The current state of Machine Learning research presents Neural Networks as black boxes due to the high dimensionality of their parameter space, which means that understanding what is happening inside of a model regarding domain expertise is highly nontrivial, when it is even possible. However,...
1,314,259,996,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Our Central Results} In recent works \cite{McLerran:2007qj,Hidaka:2008yy,Glozman:2007tv,% Fukushima:2008wg,Andronic:2009gj,Kojo:2011fh}, it has been argued that there is a new state of QCD, Quarkyonic matter, at high baryon density and low to intermediate temperatures. This novel state exists...
1,314,259,996,874
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Basic process algebra (BPA)~\cite{Baeten:1991:PA:103272} is a fundamental model of infinite state systems, with its famous counterpart in the theory of formal languages: context free grammars in Greibach normal forms, which generate the entire context free languages. In 1987, Baeten, Bergstra...
1,314,259,996,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $(M^n, g)$ be a smooth, compact Riemannian manifold without boundary, and its dimension $n\geq 3$. The Yamabe problem \cite{Ya} is to find a metric conformal to $g$ such that it has constant scalar curvature. This problem was solved by Yamabe, Trudinger, Aubin and Schoen in \cite{Ya, Tr, A, ...
1,314,259,996,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Early brain development encompasses many crucial structural and physiological modifications that have an influence on health later in life. Changes in T1 and T2 relaxation times may provide valuable clinical information about ongoing biological processes, as well as a better insight into the earl...
1,314,259,996,877
arxiv
\section{NEUTRINO - ELECTRON SCATTERING} Neutrino-electron scatterings ($\rm{\nu_e}(\rm{\bar{\nu_e}}) - e^{-}$) are fundamental electroweak processes which play important roles in neutrino oscillation studies and in probing the electroweak parameters of the Standard Model(SM) and in the studies of neutrino propert...
1,314,259,996,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a long and rich history of optimal transport (OT) problems initiated by Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), a French mathematician, in the 18th century. During recent decades, OT problems have found fruitful applications in our daily lives \cite{villani2008optimal}. Consider the resource alloca...
1,314,259,996,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A fundamental problem in fractal geometry is that how the projections affect dimension. Recall the classical Marstand-Mattila projection theorem: Let $E\subset \mathbb{R}^{n}, n\geq2,$ be a Borel set with Hausdorff dimension $s$. \begin{itemize} \item If $s\leq m$, then the orthogonal proj...
1,314,259,996,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Data involving ensembles of networks - that is, multiple independent networks - arise in various scientific fields, including sociology \citep{slaughter2016multilevel, stewart2019multilevel}, neuroscience \citep{simpson2011exponential, obando2017statistical}, molecular biology ...
1,314,259,996,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Among the sources of gravitational waves (GWs), inspiralling binary systems of compact objects, neutron stars (NSs) and/or black holes (BHs) in the mass range $\sim 1\,M_{\odot} - 100\,M_{\odot}$ stand out as likely to be detected and relatively easy to model. For ground-base...
1,314,259,996,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1995 it is realized that open strings with Dirichlet boundary conditions can end on D-branes \cite{1}. Two D-branes which open string is stretched between them can interact. It is known that one of the best methods for finding some properties is calculation of the amplitude of interact...
1,314,259,996,883
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The covert channel is a well-known way to transmit messages by circumventing the security mechanism. The definition of covert channel was given by Lampson in 1973 to describe the leakage of data by abuse of shared resource by the processes in different privilege levels\cite{Lampson:1973:NCP:36237...
1,314,259,996,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of neutrino mass and mixing implies that the Standard Model (SM) must be extended somehow. An elegant possibility remains the original type Ia seesaw mechanism~\cite{Minkowski:1977sc, Yanagida:1979ss, Gell-Mann:1979ss, Glashow:1979ss, Mohapatra:1979ia,Schechter:1980gr, Schechter:1...
1,314,259,996,885
arxiv
\section{System Description}\label{sec:system} This section will showcase our CMT system and describe how each part of the system responds to the above generalization gap. \zh{First dense retrieval for document retrieval. Then few-shot learning for neural reranking. Finally say our domain specific MLM.} \subsection{...
1,314,259,996,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The resolution-of-identity (RI)\cite{Whi73,Dun79,Min82,Als88,Fey93,Vah93,Klo02} stands as a central technique in quantum chemistry, relying on the expansion of $\phi_n \phi_m $ co-densities over an auxiliary atomic basis set $\lbrace \beta \rbrace$ that scales linearly with the number of atom...
1,314,259,996,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although autoregressive models have achieved great success in various NLP tasks and speech recognition\cite{bahdanau2014neural, chorowski2015attention, chan2016listen, vaswani2017attention, kim2017joint, dong2018speech}, the autoregressive characteristics result in a large latency during the in...
1,314,259,996,888
arxiv
\subsection{Emission and absorption} The atmosphere interferes with the microwave band observations for two main reasons. On the one hand, some components of the atmosphere, for example, oxygen molecules and water vapor molecules, absorb microwave radiation, and on the other hand, the movement of these molecules gene...
1,314,259,996,889
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Recent advances in the field of \ac{NLU}~\citep{devlin2018bert, adiwardana2020towards, brown2020language} have enabled natural language interfaces to help users find information beyond what typical search engines provide, through systems such as open domain and task-oriented di...
1,314,259,996,890
arxiv
\section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}} \newcommand{\norm}[3]{\|#3\|_{#1,#2}} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} \newcommand{\Degin}[2]{{d^{\,\text{in}}_{{#1},{#2}}}} \newcommand{\Degout}[2]{{d^{\,\text{out}}_{{#1},{#2}}}} \newcommand{\degin}[1]{{d^{\,\text{in}}_{{#1}}}} \newcommand{\degout}[1]{{d^{\,\text{out}}_{{#1}}}} \newc...
1,314,259,996,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic metals at varying levels of impurity have previously been investigated using neutron scattering techniques\cite{lynn1975temperature, mook1973neutron, pickart1967spin, loong1984neutron, collins1969critical}. Notably, the introduction of substitutional defects i...
1,314,259,996,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite the long history of study on flux compactifications, many interesting questions remain. Of particular interest are questions related to supersymmetry breaking and the construction of trustworthy lower-dimensional effective descriptions of flux vacua. In this paper we consider the problem...
1,314,259,996,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lattice regularizations provide a definition of quantum field theories beyond perturbation theory. Evaluating the associated path integral by Monte Carlo also constitutes a non-perturbative calculational method to derive predictions from the theory. One of the systematic effects that have t...
1,314,259,996,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Exceptionally deep observations of the distant universe with the Hubble Space Telescope ({\it HST}) have consistently pushed the frontiers of human knowledge. A succession of observing programs with each generation of {\it HST} detectors, in concert with the other {\it NASA} Great Observatories...
1,314,259,996,895
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past decade, the characterization and classification of topological insulator and superconductor (symmetry protected) phases of matter has played a central role in condensed matter research \cite{Hasan2010,Qi2011}. These phases cannot be adiabatically connected with a trivial atomic li...
1,314,259,996,896
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Motion blur is one of the most recursive problems of paramount importance in the field of computer vision and digital photography. It is mainly caused by the streaking of fast moving objects in an image or video frames, also some of the other reasons could be the camera shake or long...
1,314,259,996,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{F}{eature} detection and description are fundamental steps in many computer vision tasks, such as visual localization~\cite{zhang2021reference,zhang2021reference}, Structure-from-Motion (SfM)~\cite{schonberger2016structure}, and Simultaneous-Localization-and-Mapping (SLAM)~\cite{fu2...
1,314,259,996,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, Witten \cite{Witten} constructed a $(0,4)$ supersymmetric linear sigma model in two dimensions with a potential term. Remarkably, under simple assumptions about the structure of the $(0,4)$ multiplets involved, the Yukawa couplings of the model satisfy the ADHM equations of the instant...
1,314,259,996,899
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} The interaction between galaxies and their surrounding gas, whether circumgalactic medium, intergalactic medium or intracluster medium (ICM), is a major driver of galaxy evolution. Nowhere is this interaction more dramatically demonstrated than in radio galaxies moving t...
1,314,259,996,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we consider the situation in which an irreducible subfactor $N \subset M$ has an intermediate subfactor $Q$; and work out a reformulation of the proof of the fact that the planar algebra $P^{(N\subseteq Q)}$ may be derived from $P^{(N\subseteq M)}$ (see \cite{BhaLa} and \cite{La2})...
1,314,259,996,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Reverberation Mapping \cite[RM;][]{Blandford_1982,Peterson_2014} is the primary technique to measure super massive black hole (SMBH) masses. Unlike other mass estimators (for example, stellar kinematics), RM does not require high spatial resolution in order to resolve the sphere of influence of ...
1,314,259,996,902
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \rm About 35 years ago, the author was asked by two colleagues in physics what restrictions there were on the cup-product cubic form on $H^2 (X, {\bf Z})$ given by $D \mapsto D^3$ for a Calabi--Yau threefold $X$. Until now, we were only able to make rather weak statements in response to this q...
1,314,259,996,903
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The prediction of the trajectories followed by small spherical inclusions embedded in a given flow has been, and remains, a topic of intense interest. This problem indeed has obvious applications in many fields of physics, as well as in engineering science. In order to determine accurately thes...
1,314,259,996,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The notion that collisionless plasma shocks can accelerate charged particles into high energies resulting into the observed cosmic ray spectrum, has been around for many years and by now it is widely accepted that this process can account for the majority of the energetic, non-thermal particle...
1,314,259,996,905
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Complex organic molecules are thought to be formed primarily on dust grains in dense cores, see reviews by \citet{dishoeckherbst2009} and \citet{caselliceccarelli2012}. Before the onset of star formation, the atomic and molecular reservoir is contained in large dark clouds. Due to the high densi...
1,314,259,996,906
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Massive stars ($\rm M \gtrsim 8 M_{\odot}$) play a vital role in the evolution of the universe given their radiative, mechanical and chemical feedback. They dictate the energy budget of the galaxies through powerful radiation, strong winds and supernovae events. Despite this, most aspects of the...
1,314,259,996,907
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Lie-Vessiot system, as defined in \cite{BM2008}, is a system of non-autonomous differential equations, \begin{equation}\label{GeneralNA} \dot x_i = F_i(t,x_1,\ldots,x_n),\end{equation} such that there exist $r$ functions $f(t)$ of the parameter $t$ verifying: $$F_i(t,x_1,\ldots,x_n) = \sum_{...
1,314,259,996,908
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The design and fabrication of textured superhydrophobic surfaces have received much attention in recent years. If the recessed regions of the texture are filled with gas (the Cassie state), roughness can produce remarkable liquid mobility, dramatically lowering the ability of drops to stick~\cite...
1,314,259,996,909
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Discovered on 1996 August 7 \citep{els96}, Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro (also designated 7968 Elst-Pizarro; hereafter 133P) orbits in the main asteroid belt ($a=3.156$~AU, $e=0.165$, $i=1.39^{\circ}$). It has a Tisserand parameter (with respect to Jupiter) of $T_J=3.184$, while classical comets have ...
1,314,259,996,910
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The controllable generation of entangled states has triggered a considerable amount of interest in the physics community. In particular, within cavity-quantum electrodynamics (cavity-QED) contexts, the achievement of two-qubit entanglement has seen a flourishing of proposals. It has been sugges...
1,314,259,996,911
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent For a Borel subset $K$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and a point $z\in \mathbb{R}^n$, the polar body $K^{*z}$ of $K$ with respect to $z$ is the convex set defined by: $$K^{*z}=\{y\in \mathbb{R}^n; \langle y-z,x-z\rangle \le 1\hbox{ for every $x\in K$}\}.$$ Here $\mathbb{R}^n$ is endowed with the ...
1,314,259,996,912
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{} Statistical Mechanics (SM) provides useful concepts to study systems with large number of particles. For example, based on standard SM, Edwards \cite{edw} proposed a thermodynamic description of granular matter in which thermodynamic quantities are computed as flat averages over configu...
1,314,259,996,913
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the recent years, the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetry \cite{BMS1, BMS2, BMS3}, which generates the asymptotic isometries of Minkowski spacetime at null-infinity, has been revisited \cite{Barnich0, Barnich1, Barnich3} and its relevance to field theory has been reconsidered from a modern per...
1,314,259,996,914
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Investigating the origin of nitrogen in galaxies has been a major topic of research in the past few years. The reason is at least two-fold: {\it i)} There are many processes involved in the computation of the stellar yields of nitrogen and hence there are still many uncertainties present in the...
1,314,259,996,915
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past several years one of the main questions in the research activity on high-$T_c$ superconductors has been the identification of the order parameter symmetry \cite{scalapino,vanh,woll,tsuei,kirtley}. The most possible scenario is that the pairing state is an admixture of a dominant...
1,314,259,996,916
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The interaction between a strong stellar magnetic field and an accretion disc can affect both the evolution and observational properties of the star. Close to the star the field is strong enough that the accretion disc is truncated, and mass is channelled along field lines to accrete on to the s...
1,314,259,996,917
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fluids composed of non-spherical molecules have been studied by using different methods and approaches. Liquid crystals, rod-like polymers, aqueous suspensions of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and disk-like particles have a high degree of shape anisotropy. This shape anisotropy allows them to exhib...
1,314,259,996,918
arxiv
\section*{\refname}} {\begin{multicols}{2}[\section*{\refname}]}{}{} \patchcmd{\endthebibliography}{\endlist}{\endlist\end{multicols}}{}{} \patchcmd{\thebibliography}{\section*{\refname}}{}{}{} \usepackage{multicol,caption,setspace} \captionsetup[figure]{font={stretch=1.0}} \usepackage{etoolbox} \usepackage[usena...
1,314,259,996,919
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Over the last decade, the amount of video data that need to be processed has increased exponentially due to the frequent use of cameras everywhere \cite{lu2016optasia, xu2019vstore, moll2020exsample, poms2018scanner}. A wide range of propitious applications such as intelligent transport...
1,314,259,996,920
arxiv
\section{Network structure} The parameter $n$ of residual blocks in the network (see section~\ref{sec:experiments}) may vary for different datasets. For all experiments in the paper the value of $n$ was set to $7$. Below we provide a detailed visualization the architecture of the model that generates $128\times 128$ ...
1,314,259,996,921
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-int} Heavy-quark production in $ep$ interactions in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) is dominated by the Boson Gluon Fusion (BGF) process. Heavy-quark production provides a two-fold test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD); a study of the BGF process and the higher-orde...
1,314,259,996,922
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:Intro} In many biological systems the small number of participating molecules make the chemical reactions inherently stochastic. The system state is described by probability densities of the numbers of molecules of different species. The evolution of probabilities in time is describe...
1,314,259,996,923
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Modern Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have pushed the state-of-the-art in many computer vision tasks including image recognition, object detection, etc. Underlying the success of DNNs, are the millions of constituent parameters and their non-linear combinations that allow DNNs to accurately model a w...
1,314,259,996,924
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An $n\times n$ complex matrix $A$ is called \emph{coninvolutory} if $\bar AA=I_n$ and \emph{skew-coninvolutory} if $\bar AA=-I_n$ (and so $n$ is even since $\det(\bar AA)\ge 0$). We prove that each matrix of size $n\times n$ with $n\ge 2$ is a sum of 5 coninvolutory matrices and each matrix o...
1,314,259,996,925
arxiv
\section{\label{}} \section{Introduction} The top quark was discovered in 1995 at Fermilab in pair production mode ($t\bar{t}$ events) through strong interactions[1]. Several properties of the top quark such as the mass, charge, lifetime, production cross-section and rare decay through flavour changing neutral curren...
1,314,259,996,926
arxiv
\section{setup details} The diamond sample containing the NV center is cooled to $\approx 4$~K. The optical setup is schematically depicted in Fig.~2a. Laser light at $637$~nm is used to apply the optical $\pi$-pulses. In the photon detection path, the emitted 637~nm photons are separated from reflected excitation ligh...
1,314,259,996,927
arxiv
\section{Introduction}% \label{sec:Introduction} It is now accepted, within the $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, that galaxy mergers play a fundamental role in the formation and evolution of galaxies \citep{White1978}. These events change the nature of galaxies in a number of ways: post-mergers exhi...
1,314,259,996,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The determination of the dilaton ($S$) and moduli VEVs is an important problem in string phenomenology because it is directly related to the predictions of the string models \cite{wdr}. The dilaton and moduli are flat directions to all orders in string perturbation theory, and it is hoped that ...
1,314,259,996,929
arxiv
\section{Objective} In countless situations of basic experimental and theo\-retical interest, ranging from superconducting charge pumps~\cite{GasparinettiEtAl13} over Dirac fermions in graphene coupled to acoustic phonons~\cite{IadecolaEtAl13} and quantum-dot devices~\cite{StaceEtAl13} to superconductors under pho...
1,314,259,996,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The emergence of atomically thin, single-layer graphene spawned a new class of materials, known as two-dimensional (2D) materials~\cite{Xu2013, Novoselov2011}. These extraordinary 2D materials have attracted significant attention within the scientific community due to their wide range of ...
1,314,259,996,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Profound changes in the properties of cavity-bound molecular systems can be achieved in regimes where the quantum nature of light becomes important. A few notable examples are the change of conductivity in semiconductors due to vacuum field hybridization \cite{Orgiu2015}, the appearance of mixe...
1,314,259,996,932
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A famous conjecture of Heil, Ramanathan, and Topiwala~\cite{HRT96}, often called the HRT-conjecture, states that finitely many time-frequency shift s of a non-zero $L^2$-function are linearly independent. Denoting a time-frequency shift of $g\in L^2(\rd) $ along $z=(x,\xi ) \in {\bR^{2d}} ...
1,314,259,996,933
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} For more than half a century, it has been possible to confine charged particles by radiofrequency (rf) quadrupole fields~\cite{Paul1990}. Such rf (or Paul) traps rely on the strong direct interaction of the charge of the particles with the electrical field, whereby trap depths of up...
1,314,259,996,934
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} We are grateful to Alan Schwartz for interesting discussions. This work was supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-91ER40671, the NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award PHY-9157482, James S. McDonnell Foundation grant No. 91-48, and an A. P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship.
1,314,259,996,935
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Financial markets, especially the stock market, enjoy substantial coverage day-to-day on digital platforms such as YouTube. Besides the presenters, experts with much understanding of the stock markets work as contributors or panelists who share their perspectives on various topics. On YouTube, c...
1,314,259,996,936
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The paradigm of adaptive nonparametric inference has developed a fairly complete theory for estimation and testing -- we mention the key references \cite{L90, DJKP95, DJKP96, LMS97, BBM99, BM01, S96} -- but the theory of adaptive confidence statements has not succeeded to the same extent, and co...
1,314,259,996,937
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} \label{sec:conclusion} We presented the first formal verification of the semantics of the concurrent revisions concurrency control model. We identified and resolved a number of ambiguities in the operational semantics, and simplified a proof of determinacy. Our paper can hopefully serve as a case ...
1,314,259,996,938
arxiv
\section{The Role of Individuals in Usage-Based Grammar Induction} This paper experiments with the interaction between the amount of exposure (the size of a training corpus) and the number of representations learned (the size of the grammar and lexicon) under perception-based vs production-based grammar induction. The...
1,314,259,996,939
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The timescale of wavelength-dependent lags in AGNs has long been problematic since the delays are much longer than a dynamical timescale. When delays were first convincingly established in NGC~7469 \citep{wanders97,collier98} we interpreted them as a consequence of light-travel time in the exter...
1,314,259,996,940
arxiv
\section{Additional Definitions} \new{Let us fix ${\cal{K}}=({\cal{T}}, {\cal{A}})$.} A \emph{homomorphism} from interpretation ${\cal{I}}$ to interpretation ${\cal{J}}$, written as $h : {\cal{I}} \to {\cal{J}}$ is a function $h : \Delta^{\cal{I}} \to \Delta^{\cal{J}}$ that preserves roles, concepts, and individual na...
1,314,259,996,941
arxiv
\section{Introductory Facts}\label{hb1} The Hahn-Banach theorem has a lot of applications in different fields of analysis, which attracted the attention of several authors such as Vincent-Smith \cite{Vic} and Turan \cite{Tu}. In this present paper, we give an extension of the Hahn-Banach theorem on lattice normed $f$-...
1,314,259,996,942
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A dialog system should correctly understand speakers’ utterances and respond in natural language. Dialog act recognition (DAR) and sentiment classification are two correlative tasks to realize the former. The goal of DAR is to attach semantic labels to each utterance in a dialog and identify the...
1,314,259,996,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A unified formulation of Einstein's theory of gravitation and theory of electromagnetism in four-dimensional space-time was first proposed by Kaluza \cite{bb12} by assuming a pure gravitational theory in five-dimensional space-time. The so called cylinder condition was later explained by Klein w...
1,314,259,996,944
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This section first provides some historical background on the use of superconducting circuitry for mechanical detection in order to trace the origins and establish the present day context of the main focus of this paper: namely, QEMS that incorporate superconducting qubits, cavities and nanom...
1,314,259,996,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{S:Intro} Nowadays, the world economical and social developments and well-beings are heavily influenced by financial markets. People participate in financial activities, which promote the circulation of assets and developments of the world economy, with the ultimate goal of gaining economic ...
1,314,259,996,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum channels, which describe transformations between input and output states, are present in every quantum information and communication processing tasks. However, physical channels are inherently noisy, making their possible applications limited. Therefore, extensive research on optimal met...
1,314,259,996,947
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ultra-relativistic collisions, so called ``Little Bangs'' of almost fully ionized Au atoms are observed at the four experiments (BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS and STAR) of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. The aim of these experiments is to crea...
1,314,259,996,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A textbook way to generate a random integer on $\{1, \dots, m\}$ is to start with $X \sim U[0,1)$ and define $Y \equiv 1 + \lfloor mX \rfloor$. If $X$ is truly uniform on $[0,1)$, $Y$ is then uniform on $\{1, \dots, m\}$. But if $X$ has a discrete distribution derived by scaling a pseudorandom ...
1,314,259,996,949
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec_intro} The classification of insulating states of matter has been refined in terms of protecting symmetries through the discovery of topological insulators \cite{KaneMele05a,KaneMele05b,Bernevig06,König07}. For example, as long as time-reversal symmetry is not broken, topological insul...
1,314,259,996,950
arxiv
\section{\protect\bigskip Introduction} \bigskip One of the important mathematical problems in quantum information theory is the characterization of separable states. In the case of pure separable states, much progress has been made. For instance, if one considers a quantum system of $p$ particles with state space $H...
1,314,259,996,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The synthesis of unknown heavy nuclei has been spotlighted for last decades with the development of new facilities for rare isotope accelerators~\cite{Moller16,GS16,GGW16}. In particular, the structure of neutron-rich heavy nuclei is expected to shed light on our understanding of nuclear structu...
1,314,259,996,952
arxiv
\section{Introduction} With the broad interest and accelerating development of superhydrophobic surfaces for a variety of applications including self-cleaning, condensation heat transfer enhancement, and anti-icing, the need for more detailed insights on droplet interactions on these surfaces have emerged. Specificall...
1,314,259,996,953
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $R$ be an associative ring with an identity. The commutant of $a\in R$ is defined by $comm(a)=\{x\in R~|~xa=ax\}$. The double commutant of $a\in R$ is defined by $comm^2(a)=\{x\in R~|~xy=yx~\mbox{for all}~y\in comm(a)\}$. An element $a\in R$ has Drazin inverse in case there exists $b\in R$ ...
1,314,259,996,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the current era of big data, it is common for researchers to collect super-large sample data ranging from hundreds of thousands to hundreds of millions of observations. The ambitious BRAIN Initiative of NIH is expected to bring a torrent of data, e.g, 100 terabytes of data per day from a sing...
1,314,259,996,955
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Motion is a major impediment to the acquisition of high quality images in free-breathing coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) exams \cite{ingle2014nonrigid, prieto2015highly, cruz2017highly}. A variety of retrospective motion correction methods have been proposed for CMRA. For these ap...
1,314,259,996,956
arxiv
\section Phonon emission rates and carrier dephasing} Here we consider carrier dephasing for Bloch-oscillating moir\'e superlattices due to phonon emission. Since the width of moir\'e bands is considerably smaller than the optical phonon energies, the electron-phonon interactions are dominated by coupling to acousti...
1,314,259,996,957
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Many physical phenomena in physics and engineering can be modeled by the Stokes flow~\cite{Galdi:2011}. Noteworthy applications are, for example, Stokes flows in porous media~\cite{Bang-Lukkassen:1999}, design and development of efficient fibrous filters~\cite{Linden-Cheng-Wieg...
1,314,259,996,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} One of the mysterious issues in quantum mechanics is the wave function collapse or the wave function reduction. It has been studied in various contexts like the collapse hypothesis in standard or conventional quantum mechanics, many worlds interpretation, decoherence approach, gravi...
1,314,259,996,959
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} \emph{Automaton (semi)groups} --- short for semigroups generated by Mealy automata or groups generated by invertible Mealy automata --- were formally introduced a half century ago (for details, see~\cite{clas32} and references therein). Two decades later, important results have s...
1,314,259,996,960
arxiv
\subsubsection{Recursive Cayley trajectory} \label{sec:whatpath} Recursive Cayley sampling walks in every direction of Cartesian space at every step. If it hits a boundary, then it does not proceed forward at that point. Since in our assembly settings, feasible regions in Cartesian space are connected RecursiveSam...
1,314,259,996,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{T}{he} COmmon Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy (COMPASS) at the CERN SPS \cite{COMPASS1} is a state-of-the-art two stage magnetic spectrometer \cite{COMPASS-NIM} with a flexible setup to allow for a rich variety of physics programs to be performed with secon...
1,314,259,996,962
arxiv
\subsection{From sequences of discrete symbols to real valued embedding time series} For tasks involving sequences of symbols belonging to large vocabularies ($10^4$ to $10^7$ in size), it has become standard practice to embed each item in the form of learned vector of real values since the seminal work on word2vec~\c...