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2,869,038,154,928
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} A fundamental problem in representation theory is to compute (and to classify in some comprehensible way) the irreducible unitary representations of a real reductive group. There are three well-known procedures for building new representations from old: parabolic induction, cohom...
2,869,038,154,929
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Instroduction} \subsection{Physical motivation} \label{Subsec:physical_motivation} The accretion of solids and eventually gas \citep{pollack1996formation} on planetary cores is widely used as the standard scenario for planet formation. Most studies in the field of planet formation begi...
2,869,038,154,930
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{aba:sec1} The formation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) has been postulated in many theories of the early Universe (for a recent review see Ref.~\refcite{C05}). Black holes of mass $M_{\rm bh}$ continually emit Hawking radiation~\cite{H} with a temperature of $T_{\rm bh}= 1.06\ {\rm GeV}/\...
2,869,038,154,931
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An exceptional phase during the early stellar evolution is the ejection of rapidly moving material into the interstellar medium (ISM) as collimated protostellar jets. More general, jets are powerful signatures of astrophysical activity and are observed over a wide range of luminosity and spatial...
2,869,038,154,932
arxiv
2,869,038,154,933
arxiv
\section{Results} \paragraph{Accessing Tan's contact for a planar geometry.} Our ultra-cold Bose gas is well described by the Hamiltonian $\hat H$, sum of the kinetic energy operator, the confining potential, and the interaction potential $\hat H_{\rm int}=a \hat K$ with \begin{equation} \hat K=\frac{2\pi \hbar^2}...
2,869,038,154,934
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article, we address the problem of the computation of eigenvalues of self-adjoint Schr\"odinger operators (quantum Hamiltonians) $\mathcal H=-\Delta +V$. Our main result is a reduction of this infinite dimensional problem to a finite-dimensional one in a fully controlled way. To this en...
2,869,038,154,935
arxiv
\section{\bigskip A quadratic differential} \bigskip Given a rational function $r\left( z\right) =\frac{p\left( z\right) }{q\left( z\right) },$ where $p\left( z\right) $ and $q\left( z\right) $ are two co-prime complex polynomials, we consider the quadratic differential on the Riemann sphere $\widehat{% \mathb...
2,869,038,154,936
arxiv
\section*{Methods} \small {\bf Lattice configuration.} All experiments are performed in a mutually orthogonal retro-reflected 3D optical lattice consisting of superlattices along $x$ and $y$ and a simple lattice in the $z$-direction. Each superlattice is created by superimposing two standing waves, a short lattice wit...
2,869,038,154,937
arxiv
\section{Physical Description and Principles of Operation} Figure~\ref{fig:diagram} illustrates our implementation of a FLUXCAP magnet. The yoke of the FLUXCAP is a Neodymium Iron Boron (NIB) magnetic rod (diameter 0.5 inches, length 2 inches) \cite{NIB} as indicated by the blue rectangle in the figure. It is mag...
2,869,038,154,938
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION}\label{sec:intro} Liger is a new integral field spectrograph (IFS) and imager in development for the W.M. Keck Observatory which will take advantage of the ongoing Keck All-Sky Precision Adaptive Optics (KAPA) upgrade. Liger\cite{Wright2019, Wright2022, Cosens2020, Wiley2020} will provide a number...
2,869,038,154,939
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Machine learning (ML) correction methods aim to elevate the level of accuracy of ML properties, for example potential energy surfaces (PESs). There are two approaches currently being investigated to accomplish this goal. One is transfer learning, which has been developed extensively in the con...
2,869,038,154,940
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Let $\K$ denote a field. The set of all $m\times n$ matrices over $\K$ forms a $\K$-vector space, which we denote by $\K^{m\times n}$. For $A,B\in \K^{m\times n}$, we define $$d(A,B)=\mathrm{rank}(A-B),$$ which is often called the \emph{rank metric} or the \emph{rank distance...
2,869,038,154,941
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $BZ_{n}$ denote the classifying space of the cyclic group $Z_{n}$. The K $-ring of $BZ_{n}$ is given by $K(BZ_{n})=Z\left[ \mu \right] \diagup ((1+\mu )^{n}-1)$ where $\mu =\eta -1$ is the reduction of the tautological complex line bundle (Hopf bundle) over $BZ_{n}.$ When $n$ is odd, th...
2,869,038,154,942
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Face recognition systems, which identify an individual with her/his face, have been widely used in practical applications such as mobile phone unlocking. However, the existing face recognition techniques cannot differentiate between genuine faces (captured from human) and spoofing faces (captur...
2,869,038,154,943
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Computer vision is based on mathematical foundations known as {\em multiview geometry} \cite{FL, Grosshans} or {\em epipolar geometry} \cite[\S 9]{HartleyZisserman}. In that subject one studies the space of pictures of three-dimensional objects seen from $n \geq 2$ cameras. Each camera is repres...
2,869,038,154,944
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:introduction}Introduction} Quantum computers can make predictions of nonperturbative quantum field theories beyond the reach of classical resources~\cite{Feynman:1981tf,doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1073,Jordan:2017lea} such as neutron star equations of state and the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of th...
2,869,038,154,945
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among the potential sources of GW, the merger of double compact objects (DCOs) is considered the most promising one for the first detection. The next generation of gravitational wave observatories (i.e., Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, KAGRA) will probe the Universe in search for DCO signatures a...
2,869,038,154,946
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Related Work} \label{sec:1} \input{sections/intro} \section{Method} \label{sec:2} \input{sections/method} \section{Evaluation} \label{sec:3} \input{sections/eval} \section{Conclusion} \label{sec:4} \input{sections/disc} \subsection{Localization and Segmentation} We evaluated our approach ...
2,869,038,154,947
arxiv
\section{Linear Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE)} The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is a powerful tool to probe crystal magnetization. When time reversal symmetry in a material is broken due to the presence of an external magnetic field or intrinsic magnetization, linearly polarized light becomes elliptically pola...
2,869,038,154,948
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:intro} A \textit{ranking} is an ordered sequence resulting from the comparative evaluation of a given set of \textit{items}. This type of data is common in a large number of research fields, as testified by the widespread applications of ranking data analysis. For example, various p...
2,869,038,154,949
arxiv
\section{introduction} Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 060218 associated with SN 2006aj discovered by Swift (Campana et al. 2006) provides a new example of low-luminosity GRBs (LL-GRBs), as its isotropic equivalent energy ($\sim6\times10^{49}$ erg) is 100 to 1000 times less but its duration ($T_{90}=2100\pm100$ s) is much longer...
2,869,038,154,950
arxiv
\section*{Acronyms and Abbreviations} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{c l l} \hline Characters & Expansion & First Use \\ \hline AA & Adaptive Aggressive (adaptive trading strategy) & Section~\ref{sec:intro} \\ AF & Asymptotic Form ({\em PMF} envelope) & Section~\ref{sec:przi-motivation} \\ AI & Artificial Intelligence ...
2,869,038,154,951
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s1} It is well-known that in dense-in-themselves $T_1$-spaces, all scattered subsets are nowhere dense. This result was established by Kuratowski in the proof that in $T_1$-spaces the finite union of scattered subsets is scattered. In a recent paper Coleman asked the following question \c...
2,869,038,154,952
arxiv
\section{Binary condensates and vortex dipoles} Dynamics of weakly interacting binary condensate at zero temperature is well described by a set of coupled GP equations \begin{equation} \left[ \frac{-\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2 + V_i({\mathbf r},t) + \sum_{j=1}^2U_{ij}|\Psi_j({\mathbf r},t)|^2 - i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\pa...
2,869,038,154,953
arxiv
\section*{Reproducibility Statement} We use Pytorch~\citep{pytorch} and transformers library~\citep{huggingface} from Huggingface to implement all the baselines and our proposed method in the experiments. We have described our method of self-distillation for further pre-training in Algorithm~\ref{algo:self-disti...
2,869,038,154,954
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{chap:intro} \label{sec:intro} The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS)~\cite{Chatrchyan:2008zzk} is a multipurpose detector designed for the precision measurement of leptons, photons, and jets, among other physics objects, in proton-proton as well as heavy ion collisions at the CERN LHC~\cite{LHC}....
2,869,038,154,955
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short flashes of $\gamma$-rays from the outer/deep space. Based on the duration distribution of the prompt emission, GRBs can be divided into two sub-groups \citep{1993ApJ...413L.101K}. One group has a typical duration of $\sim 20~{\rm s}$. The other has a much shorter...
2,869,038,154,956
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Regionalization is a family of constrained clustering algorithms that define spatially contiguous and homogeneous groups, or regions, in data. Regionalization algorithms have been used in a wide variety of tasks but are especially applicable in grouping geographic communities together. Grouping g...
2,869,038,154,957
arxiv
\subsection{Event and track selection} \label{evtrkSel} The data were collected using a minimum-bias trigger requiring at least one hit in both the V0 detectors. In addition, a central and a semicentral trigger were used, also determined by the V0 detectors, selecting collisions in the 0--10\% and 30--50\% centrality...
2,869,038,154,958
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Sliding friction between solid bodies, among the most basic and pervasive phenomena in physics and in our everyday experience, can be measured, simulated but -- disappointingly -- not yet formulated theoretically. By that we mean that even in the purely classical sliding of a body on another ther...
2,869,038,154,959
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt minus4pt}{\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% {-21dd plus-4pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd plus 4pt minus4pt}{\normalsize\itshape}} \def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsectio...
2,869,038,154,960
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Information} \section{Experimental details} We started our experiment with a degenerate two-dimensional gas of rubidium-$87$ atoms, spin polarized in the hyperfine state $\ket{F,~m_F}=\ket{1,-1}$ and held in a single confining antinode of an optical lattice along the $z$-direction. We then swi...
2,869,038,154,961
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A ubiquitous market assumption in the literature of Stochastic Finance theory is postulating the existence of Equivalent Local Martingale Measure (ELMM). The latter refers to a probability measure $\mathbb{Q}$, equivalent to the ``real-world'' probability $\mathbb{P}$, with the property that all...
2,869,038,154,962
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The quest to discover the conjectured critical point of the QCD phase diagram is a central motivation of modern heavy-ion collision experiments at collider facilities, such as the Large Hadron Collider at CERN and the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. In t...
2,869,038,154,963
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Cataclysmic Variable (CV hereinafter) is a semidetached binary star system that is particularly stable (Frank et al. 2002). A CV consists of a white dwarf (WD) primary star and a lower mass main-sequence secondary star, mainly a M star, although the spectral class can range from a K to L type ...
2,869,038,154,964
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the first mathematical approach to the spread of a disease by Daniel \citet{bernoulli1760}, epidemic models lie at the core of our understanding about infectious diseases. As experimenting in-vivo epidemics is not a viable option, modeling approaches have been the main resort to compare a...
2,869,038,154,965
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Convex optimization problems arise in a diverse array of engineering applications, including signal processing~\cite{luo06}, robotics~\cite{schulman14,mellinger11}, communications~\cite{chiang05}, machine learning~\cite{shalev12}, and many others~\cite{boyd04}. In all of these areas, problems ...
2,869,038,154,966
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of anomalous frequency and dissipation behavior seen in torsional oscillators (TOs) \cite{Kim04a,Kim04b} at low temperatures in $^4$He\ has stimulated numerous investigations. These anomalies have been argued to demonstrate a non-classical rotational inertia (NCRI) of the long ago...
2,869,038,154,967
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Group activity % recognition, which refers to discern the activities involving a large number of interactive individuals, % has attracted growing interests in the communities of computer vision \cite{DBLP:conf/cvpr/DengVHM16,DBLP:conf/cvpr/WangNY17,tang2018mining,yan2018participation,DBLP:conf/ec...
2,869,038,154,968
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years there has been huge progress in exactly solving the ${\cal N}=4$ Super-Yang-Mills theory in the planar limit \cite{Bena}-\cite{ArutFrol2} . This is particularly remarkable as ${\cal N}=4$ SYM is an interacting four-dimensional gauge theory with highly nontrivial dynamics. All...
2,869,038,154,969
arxiv
\chapter{The apeirogon limit} \label{chap:Apeirogon} \chapter{The limit $e\to\infty$} \label{chap:Apeirogon} In chapter \ref{chap:IntegrableLimit} we introduced the piecewise-affine Hamiltonian $\mathscr{P}$, which describes the behaviour of the rescaled discretised rotation $F_{\lambda}$ in the integrable limit ($\l...
2,869,038,154,970
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A radio pulsar is a rotating neutron star (NS) with strong surface magnetic fields, which emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation along the axis of the fields. Much resembling the way of a lighthouse, the radiation can only be seen when the light is pointed to the direction of an observer. Sinc...
2,869,038,154,971
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The statistics of charge transport $\Delta Q$ through a junction is encoded in its generating function \begin{equation} \label{eq_1} \chi(\lambda)=\ev{e^{i\lambda \Delta Q}} = \sum \limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(i\lambda)^{n}}{n!}\,\ev{(\Delta Q)^{n}}\,. \end{equation} Different notions of char...
2,869,038,154,972
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} Many experimental results on $B$ physics (see \cite{acpref}) can be seen as hints of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Electroweak precision data also points to new physics scenarios \cite{Chanowitz:2001}. In the LHC era, new physics related to the observability of the Higgs boson is ...
2,869,038,154,973
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The exoplanet community already has ways to detect an H$_2$ atmosphere by transmission spectroscopy via its pressure scale height one order of magnitude larger than that of an N$_2$ or CO$_2$ atmosphere \citep{miller2008atmospheric}. However, the mass of the H$_2$ atmosphere -...
2,869,038,154,974
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} The study of entanglement has emerged as a central theme of quantum physics in recent years. It is driven both by fundamental questions and by the increasing interest in applications that go beyond the limit of classical physics. Entanglement as a measurable quantity is a complicated subject, in...
2,869,038,154,975
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}} Thin films of metal oxides have been a focus area of continuous research due to the rich physics that can be observed in these systems, such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and superconductivity, and their resulting technological applications \citep{hwang2012emergent,...
2,869,038,154,976
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the big data era, it is necessary to spread the machine learning tasks across multiple servers and transform centralized systems into distributed ones~\cite{verbraeken2020survey}. These distributed systems present new challenges and especially privacy remains an unsolved challenge in it~\cite{...
2,869,038,154,977
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Rather high values of surface temperatures measured for two millisecond pulsars (MSPs), PSR J0437-4715 (\citealt{kargaltsev04,durant12,bogdanov19}) and PSR J2124-3358 (\citealt{rangelov17}), imply that some reheating mechanism should operate in these objects. A number of such mechanisms exis...
2,869,038,154,978
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we say that a compact complex manifold $X$ is a {\it Calabi-Yau manifold} if its canonical bundle $\omega_X \simeq \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_X$ and $H^i(X, \ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}_X) = H^0(X, \Omega_X^i)=0$ for $0<i < \dim X$. Moreover, we say that $X$ is a {\it Calabi-Yau $n$-fo...
2,869,038,154,979
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} \subsection*{History} A set $X$ of reals\footnote{In this paper, we use $2^\omega$ as the set of reals. ($\omega=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$.) By well-known results both the definition and the theorem also work for the unit interval~$ [0,1]$ or the torus $\mathbb R/\mathbb Z$. Occasionally we also w...
2,869,038,154,980
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fast rotating regime for a Bose Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap, observed experimentally in \cite{Ketterle1,Boulder04,Boulder04bis}, displays analogies with type II superconductors behaviors and Quantum Hall Physics. However, some different features have emerged and are of interes...
2,869,038,154,981
arxiv
\section{The ANNIE Experiment} The primary physics goal of ANNIE in Phase II is to study the multiplicity of final state neutrons from neutrino-nucleus interactions in water. These measurements will improve our understanding of the many-body dynamics of neutrino-nucleus intera-ctions and will allow to reduce the syste...
2,869,038,154,982
arxiv
\section*{ACKNOWLEDGMENT} This work is supported by the Robotics and Internet-of-Things Lab of Prince Sultan University. \bibliographystyle{ieeetr} \section{INTRODUCTION} Tree counting from aerial images is a challenging problem with many applications such as forest inventory, crop estimation, and farm management....
2,869,038,154,983
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the cores of galaxy clusters, the intracluster medium (ICM) can reach high enough density and low enough temperature that the inferred cooling time is much shorter than the age of the Universe. In these so-called ``cooling flow clusters'', simple models predict that $\sim$100--1000 M$_{\odot}...
2,869,038,154,984
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent In an ancient dusty magic school, where wizards cast spells by moving their hands in complex arcane patterns, a young student, Henri Pother, hides behind a curtain watching a master wizard perform his most secret spell. Unfortunately for Henri, he can only see through a few small hole...
2,869,038,154,985
arxiv
\subsection*{Results} \begin{figure}[t] \centering \labelphantom{fig:charger_scale_stations} \labelphantom{fig:charger_scale_power} \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{img/charger_scale.pdf} \caption{\subref*{fig:charger_scale_stations})~Power Law Scaling for Gas Station and Electric Vehicle Supply...
2,869,038,154,986
arxiv
\section{Introduction and notations} \subsection{Introduction} The $\zeta$-function, which is usually introduced via one of the following series, \be\label{kj023dndndr3} \zeta(s)= \begin{cases} \displaystyle\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{\,n^{s}}\,,\qquad & \Re{s}>1 \\[6mm] \displaystyle\frac{1}{1-2^{1-s}}\s...
2,869,038,154,987
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section:introduction} X-ray binaries (XRBs) are systems in which a compact object such as a black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) accretes material from a secondary star. This material is believed to form an accretion disk surrounding the compact object, producing intense X-ray radiation v...
2,869,038,154,988
arxiv
\section{#1}} \newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{thm}[dfn]{Theorem} \newtheorem{lmma}[dfn]{Lemma} \newtheorem{hypo}[dfn]{Hypothesis} \newtheorem{ppsn}[dfn]{Proposition} \newtheorem{crlre}[dfn]{Corollary} \newtheorem{xmpl}[dfn]{Example} \newtheorem{rmrk}[dfn]{Remark} \newcommand{\begin{dfn}}{\begin{dfn}} ...
2,869,038,154,989
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The series of double-layered ruthenates, Sr$_{3-x}$Ca$_x$Ru$_2$O$_7$ ($0 \leq x \leq 3$), possesses a variety of phases under a magnetic field ($H$) or pressure ($P$). One end-member of the series, Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$, shows the magnetic field-tuned quantum criticality, which is accompanied by t...
2,869,038,154,990
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A quasi-Hermitian variety in $\PG(r,q^2)$ is a set of points which has the same size and the same intersection numbers with hyperplanes as a Hermitian variety and hence it is a two-character set, see \cite{CK,De} for an overview of their applications. For $r=2$, a quasi-Hermitian variety is...
2,869,038,154,991
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The observation of exotic stable multi-charge objects would represent striking evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. Cosmological arguments put severe constraints on possible properties of such objects. Such particles (see e.g. Ref. \cite{DMRev} for review and reference) sh...
2,869,038,154,992
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} A random tensor is a $d$-dimensional array of random variables. The joint probability distribution is typically chosen to be $U(N)^d$-invariant. Just like unitary invariance in random (Hermitian or complex) matrices selects matrix traces as natural invariant observables, the invariance under $U...
2,869,038,154,993
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The positive acceleration of our universe was discovered almost twenty years ago thanks to the accurate measurement of the apparent magnitude versus redshift relation of distant Supernovae of type Ia (SNIa) (Riess et al. 1998; Perlmutter et al. 1999). Assuming that General Relativity is the co...
2,869,038,154,994
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Theoretical approach to the description of hard exclusive processes, which is called light cone formalism (LC), is based on the factorization theorem \cite{Lepage:1980fj, Chernyak:1983ej}. Within this theorem the amplitude of hard exclusive process can be separated into two parts. The f...
2,869,038,154,995
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite very different natures, gauge theories and gravity have deep connections; one of the oldest and the most prominent example is the double copy structure \cite{Kawai:1985xq, Bern:2008qj, Bern:2010ue}. Originally it was discovered from Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations \cite{Kawai:1985xq} i...
2,869,038,154,996
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of quantum corrections to solitons in $1+1$ dimensions started in 1970's \cite{Dashen:1974cj,Goldstone,Rajaraman,FK}, and since that time a considerable progress has been made (see \cite{Izquierdo:2006ds} for a recent review). Noncommutative (NC) solitons \cite{Douglas:2001ba,Lechtenfe...
2,869,038,154,997
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The set $\Gamma$, subset of the set of nonnegative integers $\mathbb{N}$, is called a \textit{numerical semigroup} if it is closed under addition, contains zero and generates $\mathbb{Z}$ as a group. Every numerical semigroup $\Gamma$ satisfies the following two fundamental properties (see \c...
2,869,038,154,998
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent In the last two decades gauge/gravity duality has emerged as a powerful tool to study various condensed matter systems which are strongly correlated \cite{jm, jmetal}. This apparent connection between a gravity theory and a gauge theory was expected for many years in the form of hologra...
2,869,038,154,999
arxiv
\section{Artifact Appendix} \vspace{-5pt} \subsection{Abstract} NVMExplorer is an open-source framework for modeling, evaluating, and comparing embedded non-volatile memory solutions under different application and system-level properties and constraints. NVMExplorer's code base includes (1) a python-based user inte...
2,869,038,155,000
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the mantra of a common distance, age, and composition is invariably cited to justify the study of star clusters as testbeds of stellar evolution, the reality imposed by cluster dynamical evolution within a Galactic gravitational potential well often limits the application of these admitted...
2,869,038,155,001
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the foundational work of Kodaira-Spencer \cite{9} and Kuranishi \cite{10} on the existence of local moduli space parametrizing all the nearby structures of complex compact manifolds with respect to a given one, many similar existence theorems of such a kind have been proved for various...
2,869,038,155,002
arxiv
\section{The Kilo Degree Survey} One of the radical advances that optical astronomy has seen in recent years is the advent of wide-field CCD-based surveys. On Paranal, ESO has recently started operating two dedicated survey telescopes: VISTA in the infra-red wavelength region and the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) in the ...
2,869,038,155,003
arxiv
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \begin{document} \twocolumn[ \aistatstitle{Self-Supervised Visual Representation Learning Using Lightweight Architectures} \aistatsauthor{ Prathamesh Sonawane\textsuperscript{1}* \And Sparsh Drolia\textsuperscript{1}* \And Saqib Shamsi\textsuperscript{2} \And Bhargav Jain\textsupers...
2,869,038,155,004
arxiv
\part{Computation of Adams differentials}\label{part:computation} \section{Overview} The goal of this \namecref{part:computation} is to use the computer calculations of \Cref{part:secondary} to compute differentials in the Adams spectral sequence. The computer algorithm automatically gives us all $d_2$ differentials...
2,869,038,155,005
arxiv
\section{\textbf{Introduction}} The history of Genocchi numbers can be traced back to Italian mathematician Angelo Genocchi (1817-1889). From Genocchi to the present time, Genocchi numbers have been extensively studied in many different context in such branches of Mathematics as, for instance, elementary number...
2,869,038,155,006
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} \else \section*{Acknowledgment} \fi This work was supported in part by the National Key R\&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB1403001). \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have achieved remarkable progresses in various applicati...
2,869,038,155,007
arxiv
\section{The effect of a pulsed optical excitation on the density matrix of a quantum dot-cavity system: Analytic solution}\label{sec:excitation} Let us consider an excitation of a quantum dot (QD)-cavity system by a sequence of ultrashort optical pulses or by an extended finite wave packet of light. The master equat...
2,869,038,155,008
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the canonical Gaussian measure on $\R^n$, $\gamma_n$. Given $k\in \N$ and $k$ disjoint measurable subsets of $\R^n$ each of $\gamma_n$ measure $1/k$ we can compute the $(n-1)$-dimensional Gaussian measure of the union of the boundaries of these $k$ sets. Below we shall make clear what e...
2,869,038,155,009
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent The Phase Field Crystal (PFC) model was introduced as a mesoscale description of a nonequilibrium crystalline phase, valid at the molecular length scale, but only over long, diffusive time scales \cite{re:elder02}. By eliminating the need to resolve the time scale associated with latt...
2,869,038,155,010
arxiv
\section*{Generative Machine Learning} Many machine learning applications are concerned with pattern recognition problems in the supervised setting. Recently, however, a rather different set of problems has received significant attention, where the goal is to \textit{generate} patterns rather than \textit{recognize} t...
2,869,038,155,011
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Mathematical models of the real world are typically nonlinear, examples in medical or biological applications can be found for instance in \citet{lind:2001} or \citet{jone:plan:slee:2010}. Setting up prior distributions in a statistical analysis of nonlinear models, how...
2,869,038,155,012
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The COVID-19 pandemic started in March 2020 and has killed 316,844 people in the US as of December 21, 2020\footnote{\url{https://web.archive.org/web/20201222043017/https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/\#cases_casesper100klast7days}}. Contact tracing is widely known as a key strategy to slow ...
2,869,038,155,013
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) establishes a standardized fine-grained classification system for a broad range of diseases, disorders, injuries, symptoms, and other related health conditions \cite{who}. It is primarily intended for use by healthcare workers, policymakers, insu...
2,869,038,155,014
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interaction of black holes with other gravitating sources is interesting for purely theoretical reasons (non-linear superposition in a strong-field regime) as well as within models of certain astrophysical sources. A black-hole near field is hard to modify significantly as regards potential and ...
2,869,038,155,015
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} The objective functions of many signal-processing problems can be formulated as sums of two proper lower-semicontinuous convex functions: one that is smooth, $f: \mathbb{R}^n \to ]-\infty,+\infty]$, and another one that need not be smooth, $g: \mathbb{R}^n \t...
2,869,038,155,016
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The integral quadratic constraint (IQC) approach of \cite{Megretski:1997} provides a flexible framework for robustness analysis of uncertain systems, and includes as special cases many previously-proposed methods. The basic setup of \cite{Megretski:1997} is an interconnection of a nominal system...
2,869,038,155,017
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Phase curve analysis has established itself as an important tool in characterizing exoplanets. It is commonly used to study close-in massive planets, opening up a window to independently characterize the planetary parameters such as eccentricity, geometric albedo, longitudinal ...
2,869,038,155,018
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pre-trained language representations such as GPT \citep{radford2018improving}, BERT \citep{devlin2019bert} and XLNet \citep{yang2019xlnet}, have shown substantial performance improvements using self-supervised training on large-scale corpora \citep{dai2015semi, peters2018deep, radford2018improvi...
2,869,038,155,019
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} A parallelism in real projective 3-space is an equivalence relation on lines (always assumed to be continuous in a certain sense) such that every class is a spread (i.e., a partition of the point set into disjoint lines). The classical example is Clifford parallelism, but there...
2,869,038,155,020
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A ``First Impression" is the event when a person encounters another person and forms a mental image about the person \cite{wikifirstimpress}. Here the mental image can be based on lot of characteristics such as facial expressions, action, physical appearance, the way of interaction, body languag...
2,869,038,155,021
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The \emph{Schwarzian derivative} of a locally univalent analytic function $\varphi$ in a simply connected domain $\Omega$ of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ equals \begin{equation}\label{eq-classicalSchwarzian} S(\varphi)=\left(\frac{\varphi''}{\varphi'}\right)' -\frac 12\left(\frac{\varphi'...
2,869,038,155,022
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In noncommutative projective algebraic geometry, one studies graded algebras with good properties, most of the time of a homological nature. The most famous examples of such algebras are given by the Sklyanin algebras, that is, quadratic algebras of global dimension $n$ associated to a degree $n$...
2,869,038,155,023
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been well-known since the work of T\'oth~\cite{toth-heis} and Aizenman and Nachtergaele~\cite{an} in the early 1990's that many quantum spin-systems can be analyzed using probabilistic representations. T\'oth's representation of the (spin-$\tfrac12$) Heisenberg ferromagnet in terms of ...
2,869,038,155,024
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \medskip In the last few years, the study of the Ly$\alpha$\ forest has undergone several observational revolutions: the extension to low redshift via HST, the probe of internal structure from spectra along neighboring lines of sight, the extraordinary detail provided by Keck HIRES data, and t...
2,869,038,155,025
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} We are interested here in what one might call the practical implementation of the Dirac Quantization procedure \cite{Dirac} for constrained systems. Recall that the Dirac approach involves introducing the constraints as operators on some space and then taking only those states whi...
2,869,038,155,026
arxiv
\section{introduction} Fine-grained rims (FGRs) are frequently found around chondrules and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions \editR{(CAIs)} in primitive chondrites. FGRs are distinguishable from the interchondrule matrix in optical and scanning electron microscopy images as they have different texture and composition,...
2,869,038,155,027
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Context} Compartmental models, based on ordinary differential equations, have a long history of use in epidemiology. Indeed, it is now almost a century since William Ogilvy Kermack and Anderson Gray McKendrick introduced the well known SIR model, \cite{MK}, on which most compa...