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2,869,038,155,028 | arxiv | \section{Direct proof of Barb\u{a}lat's Lemma}\label{SEC-I}
In 1959, Barb\u{a}lat formalized the intuitive principle that a function whose integral up to infinity exists, and whose oscillation is bounded, needs to be small at infinity.
\smallskip
\begin{thm}\label{THM-1}(Barb\u{a}lat's Lemma \cite[p.~269]{Barbalat}... |
2,869,038,155,029 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A complex, or dusty plasma is a suspension of nanometer to micrometer size particles of solid matter in a gas-discharge plasma \cite{Ivlev_book}. The particles become charged due to the collection of electrons and ions from plasma and through their interaction and external confinement self-org... |
2,869,038,155,030 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Density functional theory (DFT) is one of the most successful
approaches to describe the ground state properties of electronic systems
\cite{PhysRev.136.B864,PhysRev.140.A1133}.
A strong point of DFT is its computational feasibility
and often offering the best compromise of acc... |
2,869,038,155,031 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The most basic parameter that can be used to describe a telescope is its primary aperture
size. In many cases, that parameter is such an inseparable part of a telescope's identity,
it is in fact part of the name, or at least cited in the same breath as its proper name - the 5-m Hale,
the 3... |
2,869,038,155,032 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Modern high performance computing~\mbox{(HPC)} systems are characterized by a large number of computing resources and their heterogeneity.
Efficiently exploiting HPC systems along these two characteristics represents a significant challenge for parallel applications.
Increasin... |
2,869,038,155,033 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
The moduli space $\sM_g$ of curves of genus $g$ is known to be unirational for $g \leq 14$ \cite{Severi, SernesiUnirationality, ChangRanUnirationality, VerraUnirationality}, while for $g=22$ or $g \geq 24$ it is proved to be of general type \cite{HarrisMumfordKodaira, EisenbudHarrisKodaira,... |
2,869,038,155,034 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, the dialog response selection task has attracted increasing attention,
whose goal is to select proper responses given a dialog history (often a multi-turn conversation) and a set of candidates.
So far, the cross-encoder models become dominant in dialog response selection research \ci... |
2,869,038,155,035 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The history of the analysis of invariant properties for dynamical
system goes back 1890s, when mathematician Lyapunov firstly
introduced his theory on ordinary differential equations. This theory was
later on named by Lyapunov theory or stability theory. This theory proves
that the stability of ... |
2,869,038,155,036 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Based upon models of planet formation, we understand the variety of elemental compositions of planetesimals as a familiar three step process \citep{McSweenHuss2010}. (i) Under nebular condensation, incorporation of an element into the planetesimal is a function of local temperature and pressure.... |
2,869,038,155,037 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Harborth graph (see Figure 1) is the smallest known example of a 4-regular planar unit-distance graph. That is a planar graph, all of which edges are of unit length, with exactly four edges meeting in each vertex. This graph was named after its discoverer H.\ Harborth, who first presented it ... |
2,869,038,155,038 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is known that if the Riemann hypothesis is true, then there is a positive semi--definite
matrix $H(x)=\begin{pmatrix}h_{1}(x)&h_2(x)\\h_2(x)&h_3(x)\end{pmatrix}$ such that the spectrum of:
\begin{align*}
\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}y_1'(x)\\y_2'(x)\end{pmatrix}
=zH(x)\... |
2,869,038,155,039 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Section:Introduction}
As all astronomical instrumentation should be driven by the scientific demand, such is the case for the HIgh-Resolution Mid-infrarEd Spectrometer (HIRMES), planned for commissioning on the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy \citep[SOFIA; ][]{2014ApJS..21... |
2,869,038,155,040 | arxiv | \section{\label{Intro}Introduction}
Shear-thickening (ST), which refers to the enhancement of the apparent viscosity of a suspension as an externally imposed shear stress or shear rate is progressively increased~\cite{shearthickening,shearthickening2}, is observed in materials such as aqueous suspensions~\cite{Silica... |
2,869,038,155,041 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the past two decades, wide-field optical survey telescopes have discovered
hundreds of extreme optical transients which can be split into two
classes: superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) with peak luminosities
at least 10 times higher than those of ordinary SNe (see
\citealt{Ga... |
2,869,038,155,042 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The so called ``Steep--Flat--Steep" behavior \cite{gt05, nousek05}
of the early (up to $\sim$a day) X--ray afterglow was unpredicted
before we could observe it with {\it Swift}.
It has been interpreted in several ways
(for reviews, see e.g. \cite{zhang07})
none of which seems conclusive.
The sp... |
2,869,038,155,043 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Object recognition in humans is based primarily on shape, \citep{grill-spector_lateral_2001,biederman_recognition-by-components_1987,biederman_surface_1988, hoffman_visual_1998, kourtzi_representation_2001}. In contrast, deep networks (DNs) trained on conventional object and scene datasets such ... |
2,869,038,155,044 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Frequency modulation (FM) is a basic acoustic feature of animal vocalisation, human speech and music. In human speech, consonants preceding and following a vowel can be acoustically characterised by formant transitions: a series of simultaneous fast FM sinusoids of around 50\,ms duration ... |
2,869,038,155,045 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We investigate a heat advection in a random flow which is supposed
to be "turbulent". The turbulence is a complex phenomenon
difficult to define and avoiding a description in precise
mathematical terms. The complexity of turbulence can be related to
its dependence on the length scale relevant f... |
2,869,038,155,046 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}\label{1}
Throughout this paper, we let $(\O,\cF,\dbF,\dbP)$ be a complete
filtered probability space on which a one-dimensional standard
Brownian motion $W(\cd)$ is defined with $\dbF=\{\cF_t\}_{t\ge0}$
being its natural filtration augmented by all the $\dbP$-null sets.
Let us begin wit... |
2,869,038,155,047 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Probabilistic projections of mortality measures are important for many applications including population projection and pension and healthcare planning.
Until recently, most projections of mortality measures were deterministic, although the UN has recently started to base its ... |
2,869,038,155,048 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLS) is one of the few examples of completely integrable nonlinear partial differential equations. Its study has lead to fundamental advances in
the theory and application of integrable systems possessing soliton solutions \cite{Ablowitz},\cite{Faddeev}.... |
2,869,038,155,049 | arxiv | \section{Motivation and significance}
System identification is the process through which models are built directly from input and output data. The first step in this process is to choose the mathematical representation that will fit the data. In this sense, the NARMAX (Nonlinear Autoregressive Moving Average with eXoge... |
2,869,038,155,050 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the main quests of contemporary astrophysics is the determination of the nature of dark energy, the mysterious component of the cosmic fluid responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe. While the evidence of its presence has became compelling in the past decade \citep{AS06.1... |
2,869,038,155,051 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The H$\rightarrow$ZZ$\rightarrow 4\ell $ decay channel ($\ell = e,\mu$) has a large signal-to-background ratio due to the complete reconstruction of the final state decay products and excellent lepton momentum resolution. This makes it one of the most important channels for studies of the Hig... |
2,869,038,155,052 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec 1}
Throughout the paper, we use $(a_1,\ldots,a_k)$ to denote the greatest common divisor (gcd) of the integers $a_1,\ldots,a_k$, and write $\langle a_1,\ldots,a_k\rangle$ for an ordered $k$-tuple of integers. Let $a_1,\ldots,a_k,b,n\in \mathbb{Z}$, $n\geq 1$. A linear congruence in $k$... |
2,869,038,155,053 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This document is a template for \LaTeXe. If you are reading a paper or
PDF version of this document, please download the electronic file
\texttt{ifacconf.tex}. You will also need the class file
\texttt{ifacconf.cls}. Both files are available on the IFAC web site.
Please stick to the format defin... |
2,869,038,155,054 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $n$ be a positive integer and let $K$ be a field.
A linear algebraic group is a subgroup of $GL(n, K)$ defined by polynomial
equations. More precisely, for a linear algebraic group $G$ there exist
polynomials $f_1, \ldots, f_r \in K[x_1, \ldots, x_{n^2}]$ such that
$G = \{ g \in GL(n, K)... |
2,869,038,155,055 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Planetary nebulae (PNe), the gas and dust remnants of low- and intermediate-mass stars (LIMS, $\sim1<{\rm M/M_{\odot}}<$8), are key probes of the chemical evolution in galaxies. Understanding how LIMS evolve is extremely important in astrophysics since the LIMS population repres... |
2,869,038,155,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The X-ray emission from most Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1) is
characterised by a steep soft X-ray spectrum and rapid
variability. The most extreme such objects are 1H\,0707-495 and
IRAS13228-3809, which both show a sharp drop above 7~keV in XMM Newton
spectra (Boller et al 2002, 2003). 1... |
2,869,038,155,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Kinetic models for (continuous) opinion formation have been first introduced and discussed in \cite{Tos06}, starting from the study of a multi-agent system in which agents undergo binary interactions so that the personal opinion could be changed by means of compromise and self-thinki... |
2,869,038,155,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Strange quark stars are hypothetical type of compact exotic stars which are firstly speculated in Refs.~\cite{alcock,haensel1986,farhi}.
Describing the structure of stars, including mass
$(M)$ and radius ($R$) will be available by solving hydrostatic
equilibrium equations. In the case of comp... |
2,869,038,155,059 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Understanding the behaviour of physical systems undergoing a continuous phase transition at their critical point is one of the major challenges of modern statistical physics, both on the physics and the mathematical sides. In this paper, we focus on percolation systems ... |
2,869,038,155,060 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The flow polytope $\mathcal{F}_G$ associated to a directed acyclic graph $G$ is the set of all flows $f:E(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}$ of size one. Flow polytopes are fundamental objects in combinatorial optimization \cite{schrijver}, and in the past decade they were al... |
2,869,038,155,061 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment} I would like to thank Michele Arzano for his helpful comments
and for bringing \cite{Alsing:2004ig} to my attention. This research
was supported in parts
by research projects N202 081 32/1844 and NN202318534 and
Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant 182/N-QGG/2008/0
|
2,869,038,155,062 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Microtubule (MT) dynamics is essential for many cellular processes, such as the
positioning and separation of chromosomes in mitosis \cite{McIntosh2002}, or
maintenance of cell polarity and cell shape \cite{Siegrist2007}.
An important feature, which enables MTs to exert pulling and pushing force... |
2,869,038,155,063 | arxiv | \section{Insert A head here}
\section{Introduction}
Thermalization process or entropy creation of isolated quantum systems is a long-standing issue, but not
well understood problem.
Relevant systems include the early
universe where the transition from a vacuum state to a thermalized
state occurs at the end ... |
2,869,038,155,064 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
In 1982, Kingman introduced a process called the {\em coalescent}. \nocite{kingman:1982} This process provides a simple and elegant description of the genealogical (family) relationships amongst a set of neutral genes in a randomly mating (biologists would say {\em panmictic}) popu... |
2,869,038,155,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mu$ be a Borel probability measure on $\R^d$. We call $\mu$ a {\it spectral measure} if there exists a countable subset $\Lambda \sse \R^d$ such that the family of exponential functions
$$\set{ e_\lambda(x) = e^{-2\pi i \lambda \cdot x}: \lambda \in \Lambda}
$$
forms an orthonormal b... |
2,869,038,155,066 | arxiv | \section{Algorithms}
\label{sec:algo}
\subsection{A Reduction to the Infinite Window Case}
\label{sec:reduction}
In this section we design sliding window algorithms by a generic reduction to standard infinite window streaming algorithms. Our reduction can work with any standard streaming algorithms that satisfy some... |
2,869,038,155,067 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Human Traffic or traffic generated by robots (or bots) is estimated to constitute close to half of all web traffic~\cite{badbotreport}.
Some bots have a legitimate purpose (e.g. web crawlers) while others try to intrude the systems with malicious intent.
It is estimated that half of all bo... |
2,869,038,155,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Strings play a key role in any programming language due to the many and different ways in which they are used, for instance to dynamically access object properties, to hide the program code by using string-to-code statements and reflection, or to manipulate data-interchange form... |
2,869,038,155,069 | arxiv |
\section{Test Functions}
\label{app:franke}
In our experiments, we use the test functions proposed in \cite{Franke79}.
For 2D:
\begin{align*}
f_{2\text{D}}(x_1,x_2) & = \frac{3}{4}{\rm e}^{-\frac{(9x_1-2)^2+(9x_2-2)^2}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}{\rm e}^{-\frac{(9x_1+1)^2}{49}-\frac{9x_2+1}{10}} \\
&+\frac{1}{2} {\rm e}^{-\frac... |
2,869,038,155,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Various magnetic fields are known to exist in the universe.
In the context of cosmology, magnetic fields in galaxies,
galactic clusters and void regions are important.
The magnetic fields in galaxies and clusters are
$B_{\rm gal} \sim10^{-6}$G~\cite{Wielebinski:2005,Beck:2012}.
The voi... |
2,869,038,155,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Radiative energy transport within a medium plays a role in a wealth of astrophysical scenarios. When the photon mean free path is short compared with the typical scale height of the medium, irrespective of the photon wavelength, this problem can be modelled by the diffusio... |
2,869,038,155,072 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction.sec}
The Antarctic Plateau has great potential for astronomical
observations as it is extremely cold and dry and has a calm and
tenuous atmosphere---attributes that are particularly favourable for
optical, infrared and {\bf submillimeter} observations. For
photometry, there... |
2,869,038,155,073 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\subsectiono}[1]{\subsection{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\nonumber}{\nonumber}
\newcommand\bOm{\bar\Omega}
\newcommand\tOm{\widetilde\Omega}
\newcommand{\mathcal{N}}{\mathcal{N}}
\newcommand{\mathcal{H}}{\mathcal{H}}
\newcommand{\mathcal{M}}{\mathcal{M}}
... |
2,869,038,155,074 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\newtheorem{heorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{propo}[heorem]{Proposition}
In Banach space theory the Orlicz property and its connection to
unconditional
and absolute convergence is well understood. For instance,
unconditional convergence and absolute convergence only coincide in
finite
dimensional sp... |
2,869,038,155,075 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In the real world, a quantum system will always interact with the external environment and cannot be treated as an isolated system, leading to the introduction of open quantum systems \cite{Breuer2007}. Recently, open quantum systems have attracted significant attention, and phe... |
2,869,038,155,076 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thanks to gravitational amplification, galaxy clusters are a powerful
tool to probe distant galaxies. Indeed, one of the most distant
galaxy detected is a gravitational arc at $z$=4.92 in the cluster
Cl1358+62 (\cite{franx97}). Other very distant lensed sources ($z>$3)
have been identified behi... |
2,869,038,155,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We report new observations of the debris disc around q$^{1}$\,Eri\ (HD\,10647, HR\,506) using the {\it Herschel} Space Observatory \citep{pilbratt2010}. The observations form part of a larger Key Programme (KP), viz. DUNES\footnote{DUst around NEarby Stars, {\tiny {\ttfamily http://www.mpia-hd.m... |
2,869,038,155,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two of the most crucial elements of autonomous driving systems are sensing and planning. Sensing deals with finding a compact representation of the present state of the environment, while planning deals with deciding on what actions to take so as to optimize future objectives. Supervised machine ... |
2,869,038,155,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
RUN 1 of the LHC culminated in the discovery of the Higgs boson at 125
GeV. After the Higgs discovery, the most important question is,
naturally, where is the new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM),
and how will it manifest itself? Minimal additions to the SM could be re... |
2,869,038,155,080 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Please follow the steps outlined below when submitting your manuscript to
the IEEE Computer Society Press. This style guide now has several
important modifications (for example, you are no longer warned against the
use of sticky tape to attach your artwork to the paper), so all authors
should r... |
2,869,038,155,081 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
The problem of subspace clustering is to find a nonlinear model of the form $\mathcal{U}=\bigcup_{i\in I}S_i$ where $\left\{S_i\right\}_{i\in I}$ is a set of subspaces that is nearest to a set of data $\textbf{W}=\left\{w_1,...,w_N\right\} \in \mathbb{R}^d$. The m... |
2,869,038,155,082 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{s:intro}
The classical braid group has been defined in 1925 by Artin (\cite{Artin25}).
In 1962 Fox and Neuwirth \cite{fox} proved that the group defined by Artin is the fundamental
group of the configuration space $C({\mathbb R}^2, n)$ of unordered $n$-tuples of distinct points in the
r... |
2,869,038,155,083 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Deep learning models, e.g., deep neural networks (DNNs), have become the standard models for solving many complex real-world problems, such as image recognition \cite{he2016deep}, speech recognition \cite{graves2013speech}, natural language processing \cite{collobert2011n... |
2,869,038,155,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\input{sections/1_intro.tex}
\vspace{0.3cm}
\section{Problem Formulation}\label{prob_definition}
\input{sections/2_prob_defnition}
\section{Learning to Generate Implicit Knowledge by Self-Talk}\label{method}
\input{sections/3_method}
\section{Experiment Setup} \label{setup}
\input... |
2,869,038,155,085 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of topology is put forward along with the discovery of the quantum Hall effects and topological insulators in condensed matter~\cite{klitzing1980new,kane2010colloquium,sczhang2011TI}. By putting two materials with different topologies in contact, there exist edge states at the interf... |
2,869,038,155,086 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main contribution of this paper is a theorem, called the substate
theorem; it states, roughly, that if the relative entropy, $S(\rho \|
\sigma) := \mbox{{\rm Tr} } \rho (\log \rho -\log \sigma)$, of two quantum states
$\rho$ and $\sigma$ is at most $c$,
then there a state $\rho'$ close to si... |
2,869,038,155,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a graph $G$ and a seed node in that graph, a local graph clustering algorithm finds a good small cluster that contains the seed node without looking at the whole graph~\cite{ACL06,SH13}. Because the graphs arising from modern applications are massive in size and yet are rich in small-scale... |
2,869,038,155,088 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Hate speech represents written or oral communication that in any way discredits a person or a group based on characteristics such as race, color, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, or religion \cite{warner2012detecting}. Hate speech targets disadvantaged social groups and harms... |
2,869,038,155,089 | arxiv | \section{Total Cross Sections}
The increase of total proton-proton (pp) cross sections with center-of-mass energy ($\sqrt{s}$) is first observed at the CERN ISR in 1973~\cite{amaldi73}. The total pp cross sections can not be calculated using perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), however,
unitarity, analyticity, an... |
2,869,038,155,090 | arxiv | |
2,869,038,155,091 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The main aim of this paper is to introduced limit definition of the
derivative of a function which obeys classical properties including:
linearity, Product Rule, Quotient Rule, Chain Rule, Rolle's Theorem and Mean
Value Theorem.
Today, there are many fractional integral and fractional derivativ... |
2,869,038,155,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.Intro}
Dialect refers to a variant of a given language, which could be defined by factors of regional speech patterns, social class or ethnicity~\cite{lyons1981language}. Except for pronunciation, a dialect is also distinguished by its textual expression~\cite{wong2018register}. For i... |
2,869,038,155,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
D-branes \cite{DLP,Polchinski,PolchRev}, ``solitonic'' objects
carrying Ramond-Ramond charges, play crucial roles in non-perturbative
understanding of string theories based on dualities \cite{Duality}.
Their existence was expected from various dualities including
$SL(2,\bm{Z})$... |
2,869,038,155,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The standard model of spinor and gauge boson fields has higher symmetry
than does Einstein gravitational theory\cite{MAN06}.
For massless fields with definite conformal character
action integrals are invariant under local Weyl (conformal) scaling,
$g_{\mu\nu}(x) \to g_{\mu\nu}(x) e^{2\alpha(x)}... |
2,869,038,155,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{SECT:intro}
In the Wilf-Zeilberger theory, telescopers usually refer to the operators in the output of the method of creative telescoping, which are linear differential (resp. difference) operators annihilated by the definite integrals (resp. the definite sums) of the input functions. The ... |
2,869,038,155,096 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Toroidal dipole is an elementary electromagnetic excitation that can
be visualized as currents flowing along minor loops of an infinitesimal
torus (poloidal currents) \cite{Afa95}. The radiation pattern of
a dynamic toroidal dipole is identical to that of a dynamic electric
dipole - a pair of op... |
2,869,038,155,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Machine Learning with \acp{DNN} is a popular tool and highly successful in solving tasks in many fields of application~\cite{Szegedy2015}.
However, the associated increase of \ac{DNN} complexity in terms of the number of network layers or of neurons in each layer severely complicates the underst... |
2,869,038,155,098 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
If $n$ is prime, in view of Fermat's little theorem, the congruence $$a^{n-1}\equiv 1 \mod n$$ holds for every $a$ with gcd($a,n$)=1. There are composite numbers also satisfying the congruence. Such an odd composite number $n$ is called a pseudoprime to base $a$ (psp($a$) for short). Moreover ... |
2,869,038,155,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Coalescing compact-object binary systems (binaries, for short) are
among the most promising sources of gravitational waves (GWs) for
detectors like the U.S. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
Observatory (LIGO), the British-German GEO, and the French-Italian
Virgo~\cite{Ab... |
2,869,038,155,100 | arxiv | \section{Statement of the problem}\label{sec:sofprob}
Control problems in Banach or Hilbert spaces arise naturally in processes described by partial differential equations (see for example \cite{Lions, CurZwart, Fur, WWX, AS, ErvZua, BMZ, CMZ, CorXinag} and references therein). Sometimes it is useful to reduce the c... |
2,869,038,155,101 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The CERN LHC produced millions of top quark
pairs (\tt) in 2011 and 2012. This allows for a detailed investigation of the kinematic event properties of
\ttbar production such as the missing transverse energy (\MET),
the scalar sum of the jet transverse momenta (\HT),
th... |
2,869,038,155,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
This paper considers estimation of parameters of distributions whose domain is a particular non-Euclidean geometry: a topological space divided into $M$ equivalence classes by actions of a finite spherical symmetry group. A well known example of a finite spherical symmetry group... |
2,869,038,155,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect1}
\noindent
In many extensions of the Standard Model bosonic states carrying
both lepton and quark quantum numbers, so--called
leptoquarks, are contained.
Leptoquarks may exist in the mass range reached by high energy colliders
if their couplings are $B$ and $L$ conserving. A gen... |
2,869,038,155,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Word-based approaches to statistical machine translation, starting with the
work from IBM in the early 1990s \cite{DBLP:journals/coling/BrownPPM94} have
been successful both in use in production translation systems and in
invigorating MT research. Since then, newer phrase-based MT techniques such... |
2,869,038,155,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:introduction}}
The H{\sc i} properties of cluster spiral galaxies are significantly different from those
of field spiral galaxies. Spiral galaxies located near the cluster center are often
H{\sc i} deficient (Chamaraux et al. 1980, Bothun et al. 1982,
Giovanelli \& Haynes 1985, Gavazz... |
2,869,038,155,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The first extra-Solar X-ray source discovered was the low-mass X-ray
binary Sco~X-1 \citep{Giacconi:1962a}. Its optical counterpart,
V818~Sco, was discovered by \citet{Sandage:1966a}, paving the way for
many subsequent multiwavelength studies. The binary period is widely
accepted to be 18.9\,h... |
2,869,038,155,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $l$ be a rational prime and $A$ an abelian variety over a numder field $K$. Let $S$ be a set of primes of $K$ of density $1$ where
$A$ has good reduction. For $\mathfrak{p}\in S$ denote by $A_\mathfrak{p}$ the reduction of $A$ at $\mathfrak{p}$ and by $\mathbb{F}_\mathfrak{p}$ the residue f... |
2,869,038,155,108 | arxiv |
\subsection{Threat Model}
We consider a LiDAR spoofing adversary that has the ability to spoof return signals of LiDAR demonstrated in \cite{petit2015remote,shin2017illusion,cao2019adversarial, 255240}. We follow closely the threat model in \cite{hau2021shadow} with the \textit{static} adversary's ($\mathcal{A}_{sta... |
2,869,038,155,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multiplying two Lorentz boosts whose velocity vectors are collinear gives a third Lorentz boost whose velocity can be calculated from the first two using the Einstein velocity addition law. If the two original velocities are not collinear, however, we do not get a pure Lorentz boost as the produ... |
2,869,038,155,110 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\ifdefined\isabstract\else Recently, \ac{PV} power production has grown significantly as a result of the countermeasures to fight global warming. For example, the worldwide production has grown from \SI{190}{\tera\watt\hour} in 2014 to \SI{720}{\tera\watt\hour} in 2019~\cite{iea2019}. This... |
2,869,038,155,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In Part-I {\cite{RoseMian16_1}} of this two-paper set we defined a signaling model and developed an
information theoretic framework for evaluating the capacity and efficiency of channels which use
molecules (or ``tokens'') as information carriers. Here in Part-II we provide some necessary
underg... |
2,869,038,155,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bars are a very common feature of disc galaxies. In a sample of $186$
spirals drawn from the Ohio State University Bright Spiral Galaxy
Survey, Eskridge {\it et al.} (\cite{esk00}) find that $56\%$ of the
galaxies in the near infrared are strongly barred, while an additional
$6\%$ are weakly bar... |
2,869,038,155,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The properties of light propagating in optical media is a subject as old as optics itself. In recent years, the possibility to engineer novel metamaterials has opened the door to the so-called transformation optics~\cite{leonhardt2009transformation}, a field promising to enhance existing devices ... |
2,869,038,155,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1978 Avramov \cite{Av2} introduced and studied small homomorphisms of local rings, and a year after, Levin \cite{Lev} introduced large homomorphisms of local rings as a dual notion of the small homomorphisms. A surjective local homomorphism $f:R\to S$ is called \emph{small} if the induced hom... |
2,869,038,155,115 | arxiv |
\section*{\refname}
\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
\renewcommand{\P}{\mathbb{P}}
\renewcommand{\L}{\mathfrak{L}}
\newcommand{\mathbb{N}}{\mathbb{N}}
\newcommand{\mathbb{C}}{\mathbb{C}}
\newcommand{\mathfrak{F}}{\mathfrak{F}}
\newcommand{\mathfrak{B}}{\mathfrak{B}}
\newcommand{\mathfrak{H}}... |
2,869,038,155,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
To extract precise cosmological information from high-sensitivity
cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, the Galactic foregrounds must
be accurately known over a wide frequency range. Galactic radiation,
which comprises 3 well-known components (synchrotron, free-free and
vibrational dust), is t... |
2,869,038,155,117 | arxiv |
\subsection{Improving Monte Carlo Integration}
\label{sec: CVs}
The problem of approximating expectations $\mathbb{E}_{X \sim P}[ f(X) ]$, where $f:\X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a test function of interest, can also be addressed using Stein's method. In Bayesian statistics, it is most common for expectations to be a... |
2,869,038,155,118 | arxiv | \section{System Model}
\label{sec:model}
{In this section, we will present the notions related to STMs and the execution model used in the proposed approach.}
\cmnt{
Blockchain is a distributed and highly secure technology which stores the records into the block. It consists of multiple peers (or nodes), and each pe... |
2,869,038,155,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As $^{6,8}$He beams with high energy resolution and intensity became available
at different radioactive ion beam facilities around the world, these unstable
helium isotopes are among the most studied light neutron-rich nuclei. Ever
since the pioneering measurement of the interaction cross sect... |
2,869,038,155,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}~\label{Section_I}
The growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies is anticipated to play a significant role in the future of societies by facilitating the connectivity between sensor devices and Internet cloud services. According to a report from Ericsson, it estimates over 5 billion cellular... |
2,869,038,155,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many types of generative models have been proposed for relational data in several fields, including machine learning and statistics.
For i.i.d. data, a parametrized model defines a distribution over samples of a fixed size $n$, for every $n$. The analogue for generative relational models is a d... |
2,869,038,155,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The description of the dynamics at high density parton regime is one of the main open
questions of the strong interactions theory. While in the region of moderate Bjorken $x$
($x \ge 10^{-2}$) the well-established methods of
operator product expansion and renormalization group equations ha... |
2,869,038,155,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:1}
High-fidelity simulations of systems characterized by nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) represent large compute costs and are prohibitive for decision-making tasks for many fast-query applications. In order to reduce costs, there has recently been significant interest i... |
2,869,038,155,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The qualitative feature that
$\Gamma(K^0\to\pi^0\pi^0) \gg \Gamma(K^+\to\pi^+\pi^0)$
is one of the oldest problems in kaon decays that is not fully understood
qualitatively. This is known as the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule.
The isospin-2 final state amplitude $A_2$ is much smaller
than the isospin-0 amp... |
2,869,038,155,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
O and B type stars, with typical values of projected rotational velocities ($v \sin i$) around 100 km\,s$^{-1}$ and higher, have the largest average $v \sin i$ values among all main-sequence stars. Stellar rotation appears to be a fundamental parameter constraining the formation of these ma... |
2,869,038,155,126 | arxiv | \section{Background}
The concept of physical layer network coding has attracted a lot of attention in recent times. The idea of physical layer network coding for the two way relay channel was first introduced in \cite{ZhLiLa}, where the multiple access interference occurring at the relay was exploited so that the comm... |
2,869,038,155,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a graph $H$, let $\hat{R}_r(H)$ be the minimum $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ with $m$ edges such that in every $r$-coloring of $G$, there is a monochromatic copy of $H$. When $r=2$, we drop the subscript and just write $\hat{R}(H)$. We refer to $\hat{R}(H)$ as the \emph{size-Rams... |
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