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3,212,635,538,706
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The novel nature of the transition from a full Fermi surface metal into the pseudogap state with a truncated Fermi surface as the doped hole density is reduced, is one of the most studied features of the cuprate superconductors. The interpretation of ARPES experiments \cite{Yang2011} that it is a...
3,212,635,538,707
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Intro} Let $G$ be a finite group and let $s$, the rank of $G$ ($=\operatorname{rank}(G)$) denote the minimal number of elements required to {\it normally} generate $G$, i.e., $s$ is the minimal number of elements of $G$ which together with all their conjugates in $G...
3,212,635,538,708
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Observations of distant galaxies suggest that mergers of galaxies played important roles in the formation of stars and galaxies in early epochs \citep[e.g.][]{2015A&A...575A..74S,2017MNRAS.465.1157R}. Studying the interacting galaxy population in the local universe is an important ...
3,212,635,538,709
arxiv
\subsection{DNN Policy-based IRS Control (DPIC) Approach} \label{ssec:DPIC} DNNs have been exploited to capture implicit features in the observed data. Motivated by this, we propose a DNN policy-based IRS control (DPIC) approach, aiming to learn \textit{policies} for updating the codebook using the history of obs...
3,212,635,538,710
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Cohen, Lenstra and Martinet \cite{cohenlenstra,cohenmartinet} put forth heuristics for predicting the distribution of the $l$-part of the class group of certain families of number fields. Their proposed distribution on the set of finite abelian $l$-groups in the m...
3,212,635,538,711
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} There is a great deal of interest in the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum in hadronic systems. In general the underlying dynamics of partons in hadrons is relativistic. In the relativistic case the coefficients that relate the parton spins to hadronic spins are...
3,212,635,538,712
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cluster tilting theory gives a way to construct abelian categories from some triangulated categories. Let $\mathcal T$ be a triangulated category and $\mathcal C$ a cluster tilting subcategory of $\mathcal T$. Then the quotient category $\mathcal T/\mathcal C$ is abelian. This is due to Koenig ...
3,212,635,538,713
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become the predominant approach for a variety of computer vision tasks, e.g. image classification ~\cite{krizhevsky2012imagenet}, object detection \cite{girshick2014rich}, semantic segmentation \cite{long2015fully}, image captioning \cite...
3,212,635,538,714
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In low dimensional systems, the description of transport in terms of linear phenomenological laws, that works well in three dimensions, may not be possible. One example is the Fourier law which relates the thermal current density $j$ to the thermal gradient $\nabla T$ by $j=-\kappa \nabla T$, w...
3,212,635,538,715
arxiv
\subsection*{} \setcounter{section}{0} \setcounter{subsection}{0} \section{Introduction} Conceptually, Sasakian geometry can be thought as an odd-dimensional counterpart of K\"ahler geometry. It is naturally related to two K\"ahler geometries. On the one hand, the metric cones of Sasakian manifolds must be K\"ah...
3,212,635,538,716
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One important observational benchmark with which to test models of small-scale structure formation is the radial distribution of dwarf satellites around the Milky Way (MW) and MW-like hosts. The radial distribution of luminous, low-mass satellites is sensitive to the physics of reionization \cit...
3,212,635,538,717
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is concerned with the study of the lifespan of solutions of two classes of quasi-linear, Hamiltonian equations on the $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^{d}:=(\mathbb{R}/2\pi\mathbb{Z})^{d}$, $d\geq 1$. We study quasi-linear perturbations of the Schr\"odinger and Klein-Gordon equati...
3,212,635,538,718
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The spread of a pandemic such as Covid-19 may not be contained efficiently by social distancing measures alone \cite{Wang}. At least in part, this is because social distancing may not be possible in the household or in other circumstances (e.g. in a hospital). In addition, lock-down of entire co...
3,212,635,538,719
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The integer grading on Leavitt path algebras plays a key role in their classification program (which parallels Elliott's classification program for C*-algebras, see for example \cite{H1}). In fact, the determination of a full invariant for $\Z$-graded isomorphism of Leavitt path algebras has s...
3,212,635,538,720
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The interval between the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century is the golden period in cosmology. Some pioneering discoveries in this period, such as the observation of late time cosmic acceleration, the measurement of neutrino oscillations...
3,212,635,538,721
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unsteady motions in fluid mechanics, owing to unsteady separations and vortex shedding, lead to unsteady aerodynamic loads of concern in multiple engineering applications, such as flight mechanics, wind engineering, acoustics and dynamic aeroelasticity. The identification of unsteady aerodynamic...
3,212,635,538,722
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Trapped ions have proven to be among the leading technologies for the development of quantum information systems. Typically, experiments are performed using Paul traps which provide confinement to charged particles via a ponderomotive potential arising from an applied radiofrequency fi...
3,212,635,538,723
arxiv
\section{The coherent neutrino-nucleus cross section} There are few predictions made by the Standard Model (SM) that have not yet been observed, most of the times due to experimental difficulties. One of these non-observed predictions is the so called coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering \cite{Freedman:1973yd}. In this...
3,212,635,538,724
arxiv
\section{Details of Analytical Proofs} Here we provide more details to the analytical proofs of the two theorems concerning the sign structure of the magnon thermal Hall conductivity $\kappa_{xy}$ in the $K \Gamma \Gamma'$ model, which are the main results of this study. \\ \textbf{Theorem 1.} $\kappa_{xy}$ in the pol...
3,212,635,538,725
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Humanoid robots have been widely studied in the research of robotics. With the recent development of motion capture devices such as RGB-D camera (e.g., Kinect) and wearable sensor system (e.g., Xsens MVN), efforts have been made to generate human-like motions for humanoid robots with high degree...
3,212,635,538,726
arxiv
\section*{Supplementary Material} \subsection{Trajectory generation} \textbf{Generation of global trajectory.} Both in simulation and in real world experiments, a global trajectory is used to generate ground truth labels. To generate the trajectory, we use the implementation from Mellinger et al. \cite{mellinger2011...
3,212,635,538,727
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The introduction of \emph{adhesive categories} marked a watershed moment for the algebraic approaches to the rewriting of graph-like structures~\cite{lack2005adhesive,ehrig2006fundamentals}. Until then, key results of the approaches on e.g. parallelism and confluence had to be proven over and o...
3,212,635,538,728
arxiv
\section{Introduction} X-ray observations of radio pulsars provide a powerful diagnostic of the energetics and emission mechanisms of rotation-powered neutron stars. As magnetic dipole braking slows the pulsar, it loses rotational kinetic energy at a rate \( \dot{E} = 4\pi^{2}I\dot{P}P^{-3} \), where $I$ is the moment...
3,212,635,538,729
arxiv
\section{Summary of the order of choice of constants}\label{app:choice} In this section we give a short summary of the order of choice of constants. In the following, by running time {\emph{faster than}} $2^n$ we mean running time of form $\mathcal{O}^*(2^{\kappa n})$ for some $\kappa<1$. We first examine Case B.1.3....
3,212,635,538,730
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Quantum computers are expected to provide an exponential speedup compared to classical computers for certain problems such as factoring problems and quantum simulations. Recently, extensive effort has been expended for the realization of quantum computers, and the number of qubit...
3,212,635,538,731
arxiv
\section{Ablation Study} In this section, we first study the importance of the various components of our proposed cross-task module. Subsequently, we study the influence of the number of relative occlusion ordering layers on the performance of our network. For all the experiments, we train our PAPS network without the...
3,212,635,538,732
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Professor Ulrike Feudel has made significant contributions, among many others, to two subfields of nonlinear dynamics: quasiperiodicity~\cite{PF:1994,FPZ:1995,PF:1995,KPF:1995,FKP:1995,PZFK:1995,LFG:1996,FPP:1996,WFP:1997,FGO:1997,FWLG:1998,OF:2000,NSMF:2003,SPRF:2005,FKP:book}...
3,212,635,538,733
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It would be a challenging problem to make clear the deep structure of mesons, baryons and other hadrons which are the bound states of quarks. The quantum chromodynamics is well defined to solve these problems, but it is very difficult to see the non-perturbative properties of this theory. ...
3,212,635,538,734
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The X(3872) (now branded as $\chi_{c1}(3872)$ in the PDG~\cite{pdg}) was the first exotic state of the X, Y, Z series, observed in the $B\to KX(3872)$; $X(3872\to \pi^+\pi^-J/\psi$ \cite{belle} reaction and later on in different processes \cite{pdg}. The value of its mass, as listed in the PDG~\c...
3,212,635,538,735
arxiv
\section{Background and Motivation} \label{sec:Intro} The production and verification of non-classical states of light, such as single-photon states \cite{LvoAicBen01} and superpositions of coherent states (also known as Schr\"odinger\ cat states) \cite {NeeNieHet06,OurTuaLau06,OurHyuTua07}, has become routine. In part...
3,212,635,538,736
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A fundamental input of loop quantum gravity (LQG) \cite{lqg_review} to our understanding of quantum spacetime is that it is inherently discrete and spatial geometry is quantized. Quantum features of spacetime become evident in the regime of very high curvature whereas continuous spacetime em...
3,212,635,538,737
arxiv
\section{Conclusions} We explored the consequences for high energy total cross sections from the BFKL dynamics with finite correlation length of perturbative gluons, $R_c$. We use very restrictive perturbative two-gluon exchange as a parameter-free boundary condition for BFKL and BK evolution in the c...
3,212,635,538,738
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} By matching the oscillation frequencies of models with the observed ones, asteroseismology is used to determine the fundamental parameters of stars, such as mass, radius, and age, and diagnose internal structures of stars \citep{roxb03, chri10, dehe10, chap14, guen14, liu14, yang15, gugg16, ro...
3,212,635,538,739
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time reversal symmetry is the hypothesis that certain physical quantities are unchanged under time reversal transformation, which is related to reversibility of the system, such as the principle of detailed balancing in kinetic systems~\cite{Pathria}. With the principle of detailed balance as...
3,212,635,538,740
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Large language models (LLMs) have introduced new possibilities for prototyping with AI~\cite{yang2020re}. Pre-trained on a large amount of unlabeled text data, models like GPT-3~\cite{brown2020language} and Jurassic-1~\cite{J1WhitePaper} encode enough information? to support \emph{in-context lea...
3,212,635,538,741
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We first recall that for a bandwidth $c>0,$ the infinite countable set of the eigenfunctions of the finite Fourier transform ${\displaystyle \mathcal F_c,}$ defined on $L^2(-1,1)$ by ${\displaystyle \mathcal F_c f(x)=\int_{-1}^1 e^{icxy} f(y)\, dy,}$ are known as the prolate spheroidal wave func...
3,212,635,538,742
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:int} The pioneers in the theory of Runge--Kutta methods, Runge \cite{Runge}, Heun \cite{Heun}, Kutta \cite{Kutta} and Nystr\"om \cite{Nystrom} studied accuracy and order questions using a generic initial value problem \begin{equation}\label{eq:scalar} y'(x) = f(y(x),x), \quad y(x_0)=y...
3,212,635,538,743
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field and let $G$ be a reductive algebraic group over $k$. A rational $G$-module is said to have a good filtration if it has a filtration with successive quotients isomorphic to induced modules $\nabla(\lambda)$. There is a simple cohomological criterion for hav...
3,212,635,538,744
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec-intro} Cooperating distributed (CD) grammar systems first were introduced in~\cit {MeeRoz78} with motivations related to two-level grammars. Later, the investigation of CD grammar systems became a vivid area of research after relating CD grammar systems with Artificial Intellig...
3,212,635,538,745
arxiv
\section{Algorithm for real root finding} \label{section:SaSc03} \subsection{The $S^2$ algorithm} We recall the algorithm in \cite{SaSc03}, which we refer to as the $S^2$ algorithm, that computes at least one point per connected component of a smooth real algebraic set. Let $\bm{f} = (f_1,\ldots,f_s)$ be a polynomial ...
3,212,635,538,746
arxiv
\section{Singularity of a family of quantum coherence estimators.} In this appendix, we show that a general family of quantum coherence estimators, to which both the quantum variance (QV) and the quantum Fisher information (QFI) belong, have an analogous expression in terms of the dynamical susceptibility. As a consequ...
3,212,635,538,747
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As an introduction, we remind the reader about some general features of the gauge-invariant and gauge-fixed D-brane actions in components, along the lines of ref.~\cite{aps} (see also refs.~\cite{nil,ber,sor,kal}). This also allows us to specify our motivation to introduce superspace in some p...
3,212,635,538,748
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We develop a new multilevel ensemble Kalman filter method (MLEnKF) for the setting of finite-dimensional state space and discrete-time partial observations polluted by additive Gaussian noise. Our method makes use of recent hierarchical variance-reduction techniques~\cite{heinrich2001,giles2008,a...
3,212,635,538,749
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Dipole-exchange spin waves propagating in in-plane magnetized magnetic thin films have attracted lot of attention in recent years, due to their potential applications in magnonic devices~\cite{chumak_magnon_2015}. Of special interest is the case in which spin waves travel perpendicular to the e...
3,212,635,538,750
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} The work is supported by the National Basic Program of China, 973 Program (Project no. 2015CB351706), the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Project no. CUHK 14225616), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No. JCYJ20170413162617606), the CUHK strat...
3,212,635,538,751
arxiv
\section{Introduction} An interesting unsolved problem in physics is the nature of dark matter. Astronomical observations have shown that dark matter comprises approximately 22\% of the energy in the universe~\cite{spergel2003wc}, yet there is no strong evidence for direct detection of a dark matter particle. One of t...
3,212,635,538,752
arxiv
\subsection*{Acknowledgements} It is a pleasure to thank Ki-Young Choi for useful conversations at the early stages of this work: the main idea was motivated during a collaboration with him. I am especially deeply indebted to David Lyth for invaluable comments, discussions and suggestions at every stage of this work....
3,212,635,538,753
arxiv
\section{Correctness}\label{sect:corr} In this section, we give a general proof which establishes the self-stabilization of the three algorithms under a distributed unfair daemon. The proof of correctness consists of the following two main steps: \begin{description} \item[Partial correctness (Theorems~\ref{bfs:5} and...
3,212,635,538,754
arxiv
\section{What is {\tt ManeParse}? \label{sec:intro}} \begin{figure}[t] \centering{} \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/abs} \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{images/ratio} \protect \caption{ a)~We display $x\,f_{u}^A(x,Q)$ for the up-quark at $Q = 2~\mathrm{GeV}$ as a function of $x$ for the 10 PDFs ...
3,212,635,538,755
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many problems in machine learning and optimisation can be cast as the minimisation of a finite but large sum of strongly convex functions, i.e. \begin{align*} f(w) &= \sum_{i=1}^N f_i(w) \; . \end{align*} In machine learning, for instance, each $f_i$ will be the loss for a particular datapoint an...
3,212,635,538,756
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Effective field theories (EFTs) describe the physics of systems with a separation of scales\footnote{Pedagogical introductions to EFTs can be found in Refs.~\cite{Kaplan:1995uv,Phillips:2002da,Epelbaum:2010nr}.}. A key element in any EFT is a power counting that organizes calcu...
3,212,635,538,757
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of main result} \subsection{Background} Suppose $T:X\to X$ is a map, $f:X\to\mathbb R$ is a function, and $x_0\in X$ is a {\em fixed} initial condition. We say that the {\em $T$--ergodic sums }$S_n=f(x_0)+f(Tx_0)+\cdots+f(T^{n-1} x_0)$ satisfy a {\em temporal distributional limit ...
3,212,635,538,758
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transition Edge Sensors (TES) [\hspace{-4 pt} \citenum{irwin1995TES}] provide a unique combination of high spectral resolution and high efficiency for x-ray spectroscopy at light sources [\hspace{-4 pt} \citenum{ullom2015review}] and in x-ray astrophysics [\hspace{-4 pt} \citenum{porter2005x}]. ...
3,212,635,538,759
arxiv
\section{\@startsection{section}{1 \z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing {\bfserie \centering }} \def\@secnumfont{\bfseries} \makeatother \setlength{\textheight}{19.5 cm} \setlength{\textwidth}{12.5 cm} \newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section] \newtheorem{lemma}[theo...
3,212,635,538,760
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process there is at most a particle per site. Particles jump one unit to the right at rate 1, but jumps to occuppied sites are forbiden. Rescaling time and space in the same way, the density of particles converges to a deterministic function which satis...
3,212,635,538,761
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} The smart grid has been trending across the globe to develop grid intelligence and improve energy efficiency, and distributed energy resources (DERs) have been promoted to deploy at residential homes and commercial buildings to provide new types of sustainable energy sources. DERs, s...
3,212,635,538,762
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A temperature asymmetry has been detected in {\it Planck} data toward the M31, Cen A, and M82 galaxies, always aligned with respect to the expected galaxy spin (\citealt{depaolis2011,depaolis2014,depaolis2015,gurzadyan2015}). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the same phenomenon als...
3,212,635,538,763
arxiv
\section*{The Fall of Natural WIMPs} The existence of dark matter has been discussed for more than a century~\cite{Bertone:2016nfn,2017NatAs...1E..59D}. In the 1970s, astronomers and cosmologists have then began to build what is today a compelling body of evidence for this elusive component of the universe, based on a...
3,212,635,538,764
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Information retrieval(IR) has been an active area of research for past many decades as manual retrieval of fruitful information from enormous data is a tedious and time-consuming task. Handling this issue and retrieval of updated and important information brings the attention of many researchers...
3,212,635,538,765
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is believed that most of the stars form in some sorts of clusters or associations of various sizes and masses within the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) \citep{2003ARAA..41...57L}. Though the smallest groups are more frequent, however about 70\% - 90\% of all young stars are found in embedded ...
3,212,635,538,766
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In times of increasing complexity of advanced driver assistance systems, it is crucial to enhance the environmental awareness of vehicles. Vehicles can be equipped with \glsentryfull{vanet} devices, acting as a new information source besides already well known sensors. \Glspl{vanet} are spontane...
3,212,635,538,767
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction} Generally, full Heusler alloys are of the chemical form X$_2$YZ, where X and Y are transition metals and Z is a main group element belonging to the $s$ and $p$ blocks. The crystallographic positions available to these atoms are A($\frac{3}{4}$, $\frac{3}{4}$, $\frac{3}{4}$); B($...
3,212,635,538,768
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} Many data assimilation techniques were developed based on extending assumptions of linearity in the phase space and data models and under the assumption of Gaussian errors. Several techniques have proven to be successful in weakening these assumptions, while other techniques h...
3,212,635,538,769
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1933, Cartan \cite{cartan:33} obtained a generalization of the second main theorem to holomorphic curves. Cartan's result is a natural extension of Nevanlinna's second main theorem for the $n$-dimensional complex projective space, and it has, somewhat surprisingly, turned out to be a powerf...
3,212,635,538,770
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The standard $\Lambda CDM$ paradigm of collisionless cold dark matter is successful at explaining the missing mass problem\cite{Vera} on large scales. However, there are a handful of discrepancies on galactic scales which motivate a modification of the $\Lambda CDM$ paradigm. Of particular int...
3,212,635,538,771
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Most state-of-the-art text-independent speaker-verification systems currently rely on the i-vector approach, where a universal background model (UBM) gaussian mixture model (GMM) representing a generic model of speakers is adapted to each target speaker by the maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptati...
3,212,635,538,772
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{ch_Intro} Multipole expansions are used extensively as an approximation of extended particles where the mass or charge is considered to be concentrated at one point. Multipoles have been used in classical electrodynamics \cite{jackson1975electrodynamics,ellis1963fields,ellis1966electromag...
3,212,635,538,773
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Autonomous vehicles are driving the revolution in future smart cities and are considered as the leading transformative technologies in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). To cope with the current ever-growing and complex nature of vehicular networks, data sharing on the road involves contin...
3,212,635,538,774
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Highly-collimated jets of matter from young stellar objects (YSOs) are a common phenomena in star formation. These flows exhibit rich emission-line spectra over a wide range of wavelengths, from the UV to the radio. Many of the important tracers of physical conditions in the jet lie in the o...
3,212,635,538,775
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic fields are detected in almost every astrophysical object in the Universe. Starting from stars like our Sun, the interstellar medium of nearby spiral galaxies and the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters, all host dynamically important magnetic fields. As a consequence, magnetic fi...
3,212,635,538,776
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The motion of interfaces driven by a law for the normal velocity which involves curvature quantities plays an important role in applied mathematics and materials science. One of the most prominent examples is the surface diffusion flow, which was first proposed by Mullins to de...
3,212,635,538,777
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \input{sections/introduction.tex} \section{Related Work} \label{sec_relatedwork} \input{sections/relatedwork.tex} \section{Problem Description} \label{sec_appmem} \input{sections/appmem.tex} \section{Memory Write-Pattern Analysis} \label{sec_memanalysis} \input{sections/memoryanalysis.tex} \secti...
3,212,635,538,778
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Atmospheric absorption, in particular from Oxygen and Nitrogen molecules, significantly limits our ability to observe the Ultraviolet (UV) spectrum from the ground \citep{friedman1951}. Many teams use sounding rockets, weather balloons, or high-altitude observatories for aerono...
3,212,635,538,779
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Young planets provide valuable insights into the early stages of planet formation and evolution. Through transit missions like {\it K2}\ \citep{Howell14} and {\it TESS}\ \citep[Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite;][]{Ricker14} the population of young transiting planets (here d...
3,212,635,538,780
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} I thank the USDOE (FG02-97ER41014) for partial support of this work, and J. Arrington, A. Bernstein, A. Bulgac, M. Burkardt, W. Detmold, S.~D.~Ellis, B. Holstein, and C. Hyde-Wright for useful discussions.
3,212,635,538,781
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} A large class of control problems in fluid flow control, consensus dynamics, and power networks, among many others, can be cast a optimal stabilization problems sharing two distinctive features in the dynamics: nonlinearity, and a high-dimensional state space. The natural control-theoretical fram...
3,212,635,538,782
arxiv
\section*{{Supporting Information (SI)}} \section{Dependency on the parameter $\delta$} \mbox{{\small Image2net}} \text{} has two main parameters: $\delta$ and $\beta$. While $\beta$ directly acts on the optimization being performed, changing the dynamics and the transportation cost, $\delta$ controls the fine level de...
3,212,635,538,783
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and motivation} Let $\cA$ be a subset of the algebraic numbers $\oQ$. Following Bombieri and Zannier \cite{BZ}, we say that $\cA$ has the \textit{Northcott property}, short \textit{Property $\N$}, if for any every positive number $T$ the set $$ \cA(T) = \{\alpha \in \...
3,212,635,538,784
arxiv
\section{\label{sec:level1} Introduction} Introduced in 1984 \cite{bb84}, quantum key distribution (QKD) is a symmetric encryption protocol that promises unconditional information security founded on the fundamental laws of physics, rather than on the difficulty of computational problems. Bennett and Brassard establis...
3,212,635,538,785
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A \emph{numerical semigroup} is a cofinite additive submonoid of $\NN = \{0, 1, 2, \ldots\}$, i.e.\ a subset of the nonnegative integers with finite complement which contains 0 and is closed under taking sums. The discrete, number-theoretic nature of such semigroups lends them to interesting co...
3,212,635,538,786
arxiv
\section{Details on the doubly sparse variational Gaussian process} \subsection{Conditional for Markovian Gaussian processes} \label{sec:appendix_conditional} We consider a stationary Markovian GP with state dimension $d$ and denote by $( \boldsymbol{u} _{-}, \boldsymbol{s} , \boldsymbol{u} _{+})$ its evaluation on...
3,212,635,538,787
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{se:introduction} This paper explores the model-theory of various classes of lattices coming from algebraic geometry, real geometry or $p$\--adic geometry, with special emphasis on the $p$\--adic case. We obtain model-completion and decidability results for some of them. Before entering in...
3,212,635,538,788
arxiv
\section{Abstract}\normalsize\sf}{} \newcommand{\References}[1]{\vspace{2.4mm}\begin{flushleft}{\large References\\}\vspace*{1mm}\small #1 \end{flushleft}} \newcommand{\chapterDSSN}[2]{\chapter[\sf\normalsize #1\\ \footnotesize \hspace*{5mm}by #2 \sf\normalsize][]{#1\\}\rhead[\fancyplain{}{\sf\footnotesize \center{#1}...
3,212,635,538,789
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The challenging problem of automatically identifying unique animals from images (animal ID) is of growing importance in biology, ecology and conservation. See \cite{vidal2021perspectives} for a recent review. Applications in animal ID range from population surveys to studying the behavior and m...
3,212,635,538,790
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The design and fabrication of optoelectronic devices rely on understanding how crystalline features evolve across several length scales, from a few nanometers to hundreds of microns. At low enough temperatures, below the roughening transition, crystal surface structures evolve ...
3,212,635,538,791
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} \input{introduction} \section{Problem formulation} \label{prob_form} \input{prob_formul} \section{The spectral element method} \label{sem_chapter} \input{sem} \section{The reduced basis method} \label{rb_chapter} \input{rb} \section{Numerical computation of bifurcation diagra...
3,212,635,538,792
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Descriptive complexity theory gives logical characterisations for most of the standard complexity classes. For example, Fagin's Theorem~\cite{fag74} states that a property of finite structures is decidable in \cclassname{NP}\ if and only if it is definable in existential secon...
3,212,635,538,793
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Core-collapse supernovae are among the most energetic explosions in the universe, catastrophically destroying massive stars. Because they are relevant to many astrophysical phenomena (e.g., formations of compact stars like neutron stars or black holes, nucleosynthesis, neutrino and gravitational...
3,212,635,538,794
arxiv
\section[]{Introduction} While gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intrinsicly the brightest and most energetic events in the Universe since the Big Bang, they are equally one of the most ill understood. From energetics, the possible progenitors, the collapse of supermassive population III stars or the merger of two compact o...
3,212,635,538,795
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although QCD is well established as the theory of strong interactions, the hadronic realm is beyond the reach of perturbative calculations. In that regime, lattice methods are a useful tool to calculate QCD observables, but there are still few results at small quark masses. On the other hand, Ch...
3,212,635,538,796
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Statistical learning theory studies the learning properties of machine learning algorithms, and more fundamentally, the conditions under which learning from finite data is possible. In this context, classical learning theory focuses on the size of the hypothesis space in terms ...
3,212,635,538,797
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM) are efficient techniques which occupy the fiber bandwidth by independent wavelength and polarization modulated channels, respectively, in order to meet the rapidly growing demands of high transmission capacities i...
3,212,635,538,798
arxiv
\section{Background} \label{sec:background} Polar codes are recursively constructed from a $2\times 2$ polarizing transformation $F = \left[\begin{smallmatrix} 0 & 1\\1 & 1\end{smallmatrix}\right]$: a vector $u_0^1$ of two bits $u_0$ and $u_1$ is encoded using $F$ to yield a polar codeword. When estimating $u_0$ and $u...
3,212,635,538,799
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In recent years the discovery of graphene, \cite{Geim,Kim} a monolayer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, stimulated an unprecedented interest from physicists belonging to different communities. Electrons in graphene behave as massless Dirac fermions, as confirmed by their peculiar ...
3,212,635,538,800
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network models are key tools for analyzing interconnected systems and are increasingly used in economics to evaluate spillover effects between agents, geographical regions and economic sectors (e.g., \citealt{acemogluetal15}; \citealt{dieboldyilmaz14}; \citealt{billioetal12}). From an em...
3,212,635,538,801
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Grounding is essential in meaningful interaction \citep{Clark1996,devault2006societal,Schlangen2016}. Grounding is a term used to denote several distinct aspects of language and communication. We take up three aspects here, though \cite{Lucking2014} have identified others: (1) \textbf{\emph{symb...
3,212,635,538,802
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Over the past decade, there has been substantial progress in the application of pathwise techniques to solution theories for singular stochastic PDEs. Besides the original theory of rough paths \cite{Terry,TerryBook,Book}, these include paracontrolled calculus \cite{GIP15} and regulari...
3,212,635,538,803
arxiv
\section*{SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL}
3,212,635,538,804
arxiv
\section{Introduction and statement of results}\label{sec:11} This paper is concerned with the short distance expansion of the spin-spin correlation functions $\langle \sigma_{00}\sigma_{MN}\rangle$ for the 2D Ising model in the scaling limit analyzed by Barouch, McCoy, Tracy and Wu \cite{BMTW}. \subsection{Definition ...
3,212,635,538,805
arxiv
\section{Exploiting Biconnected Components} When using a dense representation for matrices in the xor-reasoning modules based on Gauss or Gauss-Jordan elimination, the worst-case memory use is $\mathcal{O}(n e)$, where $n$ is the number of variables and $e$ the number of linearly independent xor-constraints in $\phi_\...