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3,212,635,538,906 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Properties of Earth's deep interior, such as its elasticity, density,
pressure and gravity have traditionally been obtained through the inversion
of seismic observations. While these have been important to our understanding
of Earth's internal structure, the viscosity of the outer fluid core ... |
3,212,635,538,907 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Preliminaries}
In the advancement of our research in the connections of axiomatic geometry and algebraic structures, we have achieved some results which we have presented in this paper. More recently, results are given about the association of algebraic structures in affine planes and in De... |
3,212,635,538,908 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results: Life starts after blow-up}
\label{sec:intro}\label{sec:Mainstory}
So little is understood about hydrodynamic turbulence that there is
not even consensus on what it is. However, most physicists would agree
on the following heuristic picture which has emerged from the works
Kolmog... |
3,212,635,538,909 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently neutrino physics has attracted renewed attention because
of the surprising result of the OPERA
collaboration\;\cite{Adam:2011zb} (see, however\;\cite{Sirri}).
Their claim is that the travel time of muon neutrino $\nu_\mu$ with average
energy $17.5$ GeV is smaller than the light trave... |
3,212,635,538,910 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding the high-frequency dynamics of sub-micron diameter, nanometer thickness magnetic discs is important for applications in data storage \cite{TerrisandThomson2005, Thomsonetal2006,Shawetal2007, Hellwigetal2007, Shawetal2008} and spintronics\cite{Kiselevetal2003, Deacetal2008} techn... |
3,212,635,538,911 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider the regularity of solutions to the
divergence form elliptic equation
\begin{equation} \label{eqn:main1}
\begin{cases}
Lu = -\Div A\nabla u = f & \text{in } \Omega\\
\;\;u = 0 & \text{on } \partial \Omega
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^n$, $... |
3,212,635,538,912 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
Electromagnetic fields play an important role not only in astrophysics---they are prominent in neutron stars and affect entire galaxies---and even in cosmology---where the primordial fields give rise to the observed intergalactic magnetic fields---but also in mathematical gene... |
3,212,635,538,913 | arxiv | \section{Experimental methods}
The single crystals of $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_4$Hg$_{2.89}$Br$_8$ were electrochemically synthesized.
50~mg of Bu$_4$NHgBr$_3$, 10~mg of HgBr$_2$, and 10~mg of BEDT-TTF were placed in an H-shaped electrochemical cell with 15~mL of distilled 1,1,2-tetrachroloethene.
A galvanostatic current o... |
3,212,635,538,914 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{SectionI}
We study the algorithms that reduce the average complexity of maximum likelihood (ML) decoding of convolutional codes. By ML decoding, we mean the decoder uses code-search to find, and to guarantee the output of, the most likely codeword.
Forney showed that ML decoding of convol... |
3,212,635,538,915 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The use of numerical techniques to solve Einstein's field equations is a very promising strategy for dealing with problems of astrophysical interest such as gravitational collapse and formation of black holes, coalescence of binary systems, the collision of black holes, etc. One could say th... |
3,212,635,538,916 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In active sensing, a physical system is probed by a known waveform to identify the physical parameters of the system by processing the system response to the input waveform. This paper is concerned with physical systems that are modeled by linear time-varying (LTV) systems described by time and ... |
3,212,635,538,917 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Today, traffic congestion is one of the most prevalent issues in large metropolitan areas, resulting in lowered quality of life for residents and economic losses. According to INRIX the United States' economy suffered \$88 billion in losses and the drivers lost 99 hours d... |
3,212,635,538,918 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has
revolutionized modern cosmology. It is generally assumed that this
cosmic acceleration is due to some kind of energy-matter with
negative pressure known as `dark energy' (DE). The nature of DE as
well as its cosmological origin rem... |
3,212,635,538,919 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{n} recent years, the amount of network traffic has increased significantly because of the large number of users connecting to the network. Moreover, the boom in the Internet of Things is expected to increase network traffic dramatically. To address this soaring traffic demand, n... |
3,212,635,538,920 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Bilinear dynamical systems are weakly nonlinear systems that are linear separately in state and in input, but not jointly linear in both. They represent an interface between fully nonlinear and linear dynamical systems. In the 1970s, biline... |
3,212,635,538,921 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{0.5cm}
Let
$$
\Omega^+=\{p=\{p_i\} \ | \ p_i>0, \sum p_i=1\},
$$
be the set of finite discrete probability distributions.
\vspace{0.5cm}
One of the most general probability measures which
is of importance in Information Theory is the famous Csisz\'{a}r's
$f$-divergence ... |
3,212,635,538,922 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\em List-recovery \em refers to the problem of decoding error correcting codes from ``soft" information.
More precisely, given a \em code \em $C} %\ensuremath{\mathcal{C}}: \Sigma^k \to \Sigma^n$, which maps length-$k$ \em messages \em to length-$n$ \em codewords, \em
an $(\al... |
3,212,635,538,923 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The well-established existence of cosmic dark matter (DM) - a form of matter
that does not significantly interact with ordinary atoms - furnishes us with
clear evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In many models, such
as supersymmetry, DM naturally fits in extensions of the elect... |
3,212,635,538,924 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathfrak{C}^*$ and ${\rm Ab}$ be the categories
of $C^*$-algebras and of abelian groups.
Let $\mathcal O$ be a properly infinite $C^*$-algebra,
let $\mathcal K = \mathcal K (\ell^2 (\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}))$
be the $C^*$-algebra of compact operators,
let $(e_{j, k})_{j, k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0... |
3,212,635,538,925 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
3,212,635,538,926 | arxiv | \section{#1}\indent}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
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\begin{document}
\topmargin 0pt
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\def\bbox{{\,\lower0.9pt\vbox{\hrule \hbox{\vrule height 0.2 cm
\hskip 0.2 cm \vrule height 0.2 cm}\hrule}\,}}
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equ... |
3,212,635,538,927 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range (approximately 2-20 $\mu$m) is of great interest to a variety of scientific and technological applications in sensing, imaging, and communications \cite{Tournie2019book, Ebrahim-Zadeh2008book}.
Firstly, this range contains strong absorption bands of a varie... |
3,212,635,538,928 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In three-dimensional gauge theories, one can define local disorder operators by requiring the gauge field to have a certain singular profile close to the point where the operator is inserted \cite{Borokhov:2002ib,Borokhov:2002cg}. These operators are commonly referred to as monopole operator... |
3,212,635,538,929 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
\normalsize
In a general setting, the model to work with in the Bayesian approach is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{modeleq}
y^{\delta} = G x + \delta \eta,
\end{equation}
where $G$ is the (linear) forward operator, mapping between Hilbert spaces $X$ and $Y$, $\delta\geq0$ describes the noise ... |
3,212,635,538,930 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
With size on the order of solar radius, a coronal mass ejection \citep[CME; see the recent review by][]{Webb&Howard2012} releases $10^{30}$--$10^{33}$ ergs of magnetic energy within $\sim$10$^3$ seconds via magnetic reconnection, a fundamental and ubiquitous physical process that ``cuts and pas... |
3,212,635,538,931 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgments}
This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation under grant IIS 1540012 and IIS 1618685.
\section{Inference} \label{section:optimization}
Naive inference will be infeasible to solve our MRF problem. The label
space is massive (i.e., 4 rotations x 50 million translations p... |
3,212,635,538,932 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction and Related Work}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfigure[Semantically-similar \& near-duplicate images.\label{provenance_nndr}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.67\columnwidth]{montage-provenance-filtering-01}
}
\subfigure[Multiple parenting multimedia phylogeny setup with... |
3,212,635,538,933 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the basic postulates of quantum mechanics limits the possible quantum mechanical observables to be the Hermitian ones \cite{Dirac1981}. The Hermiticity of the quantum mechanical observables seems to be a compelling and plausible postulate as the eigenvalues of Hermitian operators are real.... |
3,212,635,538,934 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a powerful tool for solving Markov Decision Processes (MDP) problems \cite{sutton}. RL methods often use Deep Neural Network (DNN) to approximate either the optimal policy underlying the MDP directly or the action-value function from which the optimal policy can be... |
3,212,635,538,935 | arxiv | \section{The N$^3$LO cross section in the 5FS}
The inclusive hadronic cross section for the production of a Higgs boson can be written as
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:fac}
\sigma \!=\! \sum_{i,j}\!\int_0^1\!\! dx_1\,dx_2\,f_i(x_1,\mu_f)f_j(x_2,\mu_f)\hat{\sigma}_{ij}(z,\mu_r,\mu_f)\,,
\end{equation}
where the sum runs ov... |
3,212,635,538,936 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Graph Colouring Problem for Office Blocks was raised by BAE Systems at the
53rd European Study Group with Industry in 2005~\cite{AGG+05}. Consider an
office complex with space rented by several independent organisations. It is
likely that each organisation uses its own wireless network (WLA... |
3,212,635,538,937 | arxiv | \section{\label{intro} Introduction}
Probe--based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a minimally invasive technique used in pulmonary medicine to access the alveolar space\cite{osdoit2007see}. Typically, pCLE takes advantage of the auto--fluorescence from the elastin, collagen, porphyrins, flavin adenine dinucleo... |
3,212,635,538,938 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:Introduction}}
In off-central heavy ion collisions, a large global angular momentum is produced, which may result in the spin polarization of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) from spin-orbit coupling and yield the spin polarization or spin alignment of emitted hadrons \cite{Liang:2004ph,Lian... |
3,212,635,538,939 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among the different models proposed to explain X-ray and gamma-ray
emission of TeV blazars one distinguishes two classes: the leptonic
and hadronic models (e.g. \citealt{Krawczynski04}). This division
depends on the assumption one makes about the particles that initially
carry the energy that is... |
3,212,635,538,940 | arxiv | \section{}
\label{}
\section{}
\label{}
\section{}
\label{}
\section*{Acknowledgement}
This work was supported by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under subcontract B639472, ``Improved Nuclear Data for Transport Simulations using Machine Learning'' and by the Center for Exascale Monte-Carlo Ne... |
3,212,635,538,941 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Determining cosmological parameters such as the matter density of the
Universe and the amplitude of clustering is a key goal of
cosmology. Measurements of the clustering of galaxies provide a unique
window into the distribution of dark matter in the Universe from which
cosmological parameters ca... |
3,212,635,538,942 | arxiv |
\section{Supplementary materials}
\subsection{Ablation}
\noindent \textbf{Results on semantic groups}: As mentioned in Section 3.3, previous literature utilized a semantic grouping of attributes based on human intuition of similarity. However, we find that the cluster groups (groups formed by spectral co-clustering)... |
3,212,635,538,943 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Density Functional Theory (DFT) has become gradually one of the best tools of choice for the study of nuclear structure \cite{BHF.03,book}, trying to follow the path that led to the success of electronic DFT \cite{Burke.12,Becke.14}. There are analogies and differences between the two cases. On... |
3,212,635,538,944 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stellar lithium abundances are potentially very useful for testing
astrophysical theories. The abundances
derived from observed spectra have spawned a number of scientific
debates, for a recent review see Thorburn (1996), also the conference proceedings
of Crane (1995) and Spite \& Pallavicini (1... |
3,212,635,538,945 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spiral representations of the (integer valued) Fibonacci numbers and of some of their generalizations (e.g., \cite{oeis}) are known for long and applied both naturally and artificially in two (e.g., \cite{davis71}, \cite{holden75}, \cite{hoggatt76}, \cite{engstrom87}, \cite{ozvatan}, \cite{koshy... |
3,212,635,538,946 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent advancements in digital technologies have facilitated the use of computer simulators for investigation of large scale systems.
However, computer simulators are fraught with uncertainties due to poorly known/unknown model, parameters, initial and boundary conditions etc. \cite{OreskesScienc... |
3,212,635,538,947 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Variable DA white dwarf or ZZ~Ceti stars are {\bf cool} pulsating white dwarfs, with an instability strip located between effective temperatures of $\sim13\,000$~K and 10\,000 K, depending on stellar mass \citep{2017ApJS..232...23H,2017EPJWC.15201011K}. These objects show photometric variations... |
3,212,635,538,948 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Model predictive control (MPC) is an established method for the control of dynamical systems with state and input constraints. The method, however, requires the solution of an optimization problem in every time step resulting in a high computational effort.
The effort is even higher if disturban... |
3,212,635,538,949 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, device-to-device (D2D) communications has emerged as an innovative technology for future cellular networks \cite{JAndrewComMag}. Instead of traversing through base-station (BS), D2D communications enables the cellular users to communicate directly with each other... |
3,212,635,538,950 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{S}{ketch-based} face image generation aims to synthesize photo-realistic face images highly consistent with the input sketches, which can be widely applied to virtual human design, human-computer interaction, entertainment, and criminal investigation.
With the advent of image-to-ima... |
3,212,635,538,951 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Generation of spin currents is of essential importance in spintronics.
So far, several methods have been known to generate spin currents, namely, spin injection from ferromagnetic metals, the spin Hall effect\cite{Hirsch99,Murakami03}, the spin pumping effect \cite{Silsbee79,Tserkovnyak02}, and ... |
3,212,635,538,952 | arxiv | \section{Cramer-Rao bound for discrete DAG MDPs}
\label{app:dag}
Here, we prove a lower bound for the relaxed setting where the MDP is a layered Directed Acyclic Graph instead of a tree. In such MDPs, the regions of the state space reachable in different time steps are disjoint (just as tree MDPs), but trajectories th... |
3,212,635,538,953 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the recent years, impressive progress has been made in understanding of
the physics of DNA. To a large extent, this development was due to the
introduction of novel micromanipulation techniques suitable for study of the
mechanical response of a single molecule \cite{DNAstretch}\cite{ssDNAst... |
3,212,635,538,954 | arxiv | \section{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:lb}}
In this section, we will provide the detailed proof for the lower bounds in Theorem~\ref{thm:lb}. As pointed out earlier, our analysis build on the lower bounds for non-private BO in~\cite{chowdhury2019bayesian,scarlett2017lower}, but with important differences to handle the requ... |
3,212,635,538,955 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is a distinct honor and privilege to dedicate this survey of our recent work to our good friend and colleague, Paul Gauduchon. Paul's influence on our work is absolutely apparent and cannot be overestimated. But his influence actually goes much deeper than our recent work, as he has had a ve... |
3,212,635,538,956 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As enormous progress has been made towards more complex networks of qubits~\cite{Otterbach2017,Kandala2017,Google2019,Song2019,Yan2019,Ma2019,Kollar2019,andersen2019repeated}, superconducting quantum circuits have become a promising implementation for quantum simulation~\cite{Buluta2009,Houck2012... |
3,212,635,538,957 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent decades have brought about an increase in the use of computer-based tools in practically every
field of human endeavor. The field of education is no exception. Such tools can be used to augment or
even completely replace traditional face-to-face teaching methods. The emergence of online... |
3,212,635,538,958 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Conservation of momentum, heat, and mass in the ocean depend on the seawater density ($\rho$) (see \citet{Gill1982}), thus $\rho$ is a necessary variable to describe and to understand processes at the most broad range of scales: from global sea level rise to oil and pol... |
3,212,635,538,959 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment}
|
3,212,635,538,960 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gradient expansions provide a natural path to correct
the local-density approximation (LDA) for slowly-varying
densities as already suggested by
Hohenberg and Kohn in their seminal paper on
density-functional theory~\cite{hohenberg} (DFT).
The second-order gradient expansion for the
kinetic ene... |
3,212,635,538,961 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A recent white house report~\citep{whitehouse2014bigdata} highlights some of the major risks in the ubiquitous use of big data technologies. According to the report, one of the major issues with large scale data collection and analysis is a glaring lack of transparency. For example, a credit repo... |
3,212,635,538,962 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Disk accretion onto stellar-mass black holes at high Eddington
fractions is dominated by thermal emission from an accretion disk.
This blackbody-like emission can be characterized extremely well with
just two parameters: flux, and color temperature. This simplicity
enables efficient traces of di... |
3,212,635,538,963 | arxiv | \section{ \boldmath Introduction}
The branching ratios of $\psi(2S)$ decays into octet
baryon-antibaryon pairs were measured by the BES-I and CLEOc
collaborations, and the results differ significantly, as shown in
Table~\ref{br_list}. It is therefore important to make new
measurements to help clarify these differences ... |
3,212,635,538,964 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)~\cite{harris'97pt,FleischhauerRevModPhys05} may be described almost like a magic tool: it makes opaque objects transparent and slows down light pulses to a crawl, even trapping these light pulses inside material objects. These make it a fu... |
3,212,635,538,965 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The distance determination to interstellar clouds is important to estimate the sizes, masses and densities of the cloud \citep{cyh} and to obtain luminosities of the protostars embedded in the clouds \citep{yc}. The distances are sometimes difficult to estimate with reasonable accuracy. Generally... |
3,212,635,538,966 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For complex minimal surfaces of general type we have the classical Noether inequality
$ K_X^2 \geq 2p_g -4$, see \cite[Ch. VII]{BHPV}.
In 1976 Horikawa classified surfaces satisfying equality in the first of a series of seminal papers \cite{horikawa1}; in his honor these surfaces are now called ... |
3,212,635,538,967 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Visual recognition and localization of objects is crucial for robotic platforms. This problem is known in Computer Vision as object detection, where the objects represented in an image are localized with a bounding box and then associated to a label.
Deep learning has remar... |
3,212,635,538,968 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:int}
Some of the most challenging questions of heavy-ion physics are related to the transition from the early, non-equilibrium, state of quarks and gluons to the final hadronic states after chemical freeze out, which is observed in experiments. Unravelling this dynamics necessitates... |
3,212,635,538,969 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A coherent monochromatic electromagnetic
plane wave propagates in a disordered medium of polarizable
particles, provided its wavelength is much larger than
the average distance between particles. Then the multiple scattering
has the only effect of changing the wavelength.
The ratio of thi... |
3,212,635,538,970 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
External fields can be used to manipulate molecules to achieve
molecular axis alignment or orientation. Here, alignment refers to
setting the molecular axis parallel to a laboratory fixed frame, while
orientation implies that the molecular axis has in addition the same
direction as the laborator... |
3,212,635,538,971 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Strongly correlated electron systems have been one of the main areas of research in condensed matter physics
because of a variety of emergent phenomena arising from many-body effects \cite{Anderson1972,Imada1998}.
The many-body correlations in the strong coupling limit are notoriously difficul... |
3,212,635,538,972 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, $\Hh$ denotes a real Hilbert space endowed with scalar product $\dprod{\cdot}{\cdot}$ and associated norm $\norm{\cdot}$, and $n$ is a positive integer. We consider the following minimization problem
\begin{equation}\label{minFnG}
\umin{x \in \Hh} \{\Psi(x) \eqdef F(x)+\s... |
3,212,635,538,973 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Low dimensionality in quantum spin systems has been a matter of particular interest over some decades
since it could lead to novel exotic phenomena.
Since the ground state in the low-dimensional system has instabilities with quantum fluctuations,
it can be controlled by external fields or impur... |
3,212,635,538,974 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A critical unresolved problem in galaxy formation is the co-evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies.
Theoretical models of galaxy formation invoke feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), by means of launching fast gas outflows, to
quench star formation in the ... |
3,212,635,538,975 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\IEEEPARstart To keep up with the ever increasing performance demands from wireless applications, wireless networks necessitate to operate following an efficient use of the available radio spectrum. Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) and sharing,\cite{ref1}, \cite{ref2}, \cite{ref3},\cite{ref4}, \cit... |
3,212,635,538,976 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
Generalizing Cartan's characterization of symmetric Riemannian manifolds, W. Ambrose and I.M. Singer obtained in 1958 \cite{AS} their celebrated theorem which states that a complete, simply-connected Riemannian manifold will be (Riemannian) homogeneous (meaning that its isom... |
3,212,635,538,977 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As is well known, in QCD the cross section for a `hard' inclusive process {\it factorizes} into universal parton densities and calculable hard subprocess cross sections. However, for diffractive processes the factorization into universal diffractive parton densities and the known subprocess cros... |
3,212,635,538,978 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For some time now it has been standard practice in $e^+e^-$ reactions
to compare event-shape distributions with resummed perturbative
predictions (see for instance \cite{CTTW,eeExp}). The resummation is
necessary because in the two-jet limit (small values of the shape
variable) the presence of l... |
3,212,635,538,979 | arxiv | \section*{1. Introduction}
As shown in part I of our work (Ozernoy, Gorkavyi, \& Taidakova
1998, referred hereinafter as I),
comets coming from trans-Neptune regions (mostly from the Kuiper belt)
are scattered gravitationally on all giant planets and form
a quasi-stationary population of sources between Jupiter and ... |
3,212,635,538,980 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past decade our understanding of stochastic differential equations
(SDEs) driven by Gaussian processes has evolved considerably. As a natural
counterpart to this development, there is now much interest in
investigating the probabilistic properties of solutions to these equations.
Consid... |
3,212,635,538,981 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction \label{sec:introduction}}
In central exclusive (hereafter referred to as
``exclusive'', for brevity) production in pp collisions, $\ensuremath{\cmsSymbolFace{p}}\xspace\p \rightarrow \ensuremath{\cmsSymbolFace{p}}\xspace+X+\ensuremath{\cmsSymbolFace{p}}\xspace$, the colliding protons
emerge inta... |
3,212,635,538,982 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{intro}
This study addresses new measurements of proper motions with {\it HST}
for individual stars in the 30~Doradus (hereafter 30~Dor) area of the LMC
in the context of a search for runaway OB stars and potential scenarios of
how the massive OB stars formed.
In our first paper by \citet{... |
3,212,635,538,983 | arxiv | \chapter*{Appendix A - Greek alphabet}
\label{app:appA}
$\alpha$, $A $: alpha \\
$\beta$, $B $: beta \\
$\gamma$, $\Gamma $: gamma \\
$\delta$, $\Delta $: delta \\
$\epsilon$,$\varepsilon$, $E $: epsilon \\
$\zeta$, $ Z $: zeta \\
$\eta$, $H $: eta \\
$\theta$, $\Theta $: theta \\
$\iota$, $I $: iota \\
$\kappa$,... |
3,212,635,538,984 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of spatial dimension has been central
in physics for many centuries. Physics problems are usually
formulated mathematically on geometrical manifolds with a
well defined spatial dimension, which is taken as an input. However in the last decades problems like quantum and emergent gravit... |
3,212,635,538,985 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Most of the chemical elements between Fe and Pb have been produced in the slow (s) or/and in the rapid (r) neutron-capture
processes in stars or in stellar explosions. The neutron density in the s process is so low, $N_\mathrm{n}\sim 10^8\ \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$,
that its pat... |
3,212,635,538,986 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A key component of cosmological galaxy formation models is the correct handling of galaxy outflows, in order to reproduce the correct amount and distribution of mass in stars, gas and metals \citep{2009ApJ...695..292C, 2013MNRAS.436.3031V, 2015ARA&A..53...51S}. But how outflows are launched and... |
3,212,635,538,987 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A uni-directional motion is one of recent topics in nonequilibrium physics.
The directional motion has been intensively studied, motivated by molecular motors~\cite{rf:1,rf:2,rf:3,rf:4}. Molecular motors such as kinesin and myosin exhibit uni-directional motion along microtubules and actin... |
3,212,635,538,988 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is an essential method for extracting statistically significant features as a prerequisite for pattern recognition and machine learning. LDA has broad applications ranging from text mining~\cite{radovanovic2008text} and image classification~\cite{savas2007handwr... |
3,212,635,538,989 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subfile{sections/sec_introduction}
\section{Attention and Interruption: Definitions and Strategies}
\subfile{sections/sec_definitions}
\section{Multitasking: How Interruptions Are Processed}
\subfile{sections/sec_multitasking}
\section{Attention Management Systems}
\subfile{sections/sec_defi... |
3,212,635,538,990 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Markov's principle has a special status in constructive mathematics. One way to formulate this
principle is that if it is impossible that a given algorithm does not terminate, then it does
terminate. It is equivalent to the fact (Post's theorem) that if a set of natural number and its complement... |
3,212,635,538,991 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction}
The moment problem is a classical problem in analysis and optimization, with
roots dating back to the middle of the nineteenth century. At that time, the
goal there was to seek to
bound tail probabilities and expectations with given distributional moment information. Pursui... |
3,212,635,538,992 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
The standard architecture (connection graph) for\ a multiprocessor computer is
the $n$-dimensional cube with $n=6$ or $7$ (so the number of processors is 64
or 128). Recently, the "Sierpinski gasket pyramid graph" has been proposed by
William, Rajasingh, Rajan \&... |
3,212,635,538,993 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the first release of {\it Planck}\ polarization data \citep{PlanckXI.2015, PlanckXIII.2015}
we have for the first time a sufficient measurement of the polarization spectra
(both the temperature-E-mode polarization cross power spectrum (TE) and
the E-mode auto power spectrum (EE)) to clearly... |
3,212,635,538,994 | arxiv |
\section{Experiments}
In this section, we provide evidence supporting our main claims: (i) model anonymization requires the transformation of both high and low spatial frequency artifacts, and (ii) better anonymization performance can be obtained by employing an adversarial evaluator that reasons over specific informa... |
3,212,635,538,995 | arxiv | \section{Description of Heuristics Baseline}
We describe the heuristics implemented in our rule-based baseline model. These can be broken into two stages: (1) finding the sentence that contains the answer, and (2) interpreting the sentence that possesses the evidence. The variant that consumes the evidence spans direc... |
3,212,635,538,996 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Domination is well-studied in graph theory and the literature on this subject has been surveyed and detailed in the two books by Haynes, Hedetniemi, and Slater~\cite{HHS5, HHS6}. Among the many variations of domination, the ones relevant to this paper is $k$-tuple domination and $k$-tuple total ... |
3,212,635,538,997 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\newcommand{\subsect}[1]{\setcounter{equation}{0}\subsection{#1}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{equation}}}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{dcolumn}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\begin... |
3,212,635,538,998 | arxiv | \section{Discrete multitime recurrences}
The multivariate recurrences are based on multiple sequences and come from areas like analysis of algorithms,
computational biology, information theory, queueing theory, filters theory, statistical physics etc.
We consider the lattice of points with integer positive coo... |
3,212,635,538,999 | arxiv | \section{Materials and Methods}
\subsection{Experimental Procedures}
Our combined optical tweezers and nanopore setup is based on a custom-built inverted microscope, and has been described previously \cite{otto10, steinbock10_jphys}. Briefly, a 1,064-nm ytterbium fiber laser is focused using a high-NA objective to a di... |
3,212,635,539,000 | arxiv |
\section{The Auctus System}
\label{sec:auctus_system}
\subsection{Auctus Architecture}
\label{subsec: auctus_arquitecture}
The high-level architecture of \texttt{\prototype}\xspace is depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:architecture}. In what follows, we describe its key components.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegrap... |
3,212,635,539,001 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{ch_intro}
Progress in high-energy physics relies on accelerator designers contemplating
charged particle beams of ever higher energies and intensities.
As schemes for accelerating charged particles become more complex and ambitious in their aims, it
is apparent that some existing theoretic... |
3,212,635,539,002 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The abundance of data, combined with the rise in computational power, has enabled the creation of increasingly powerful machine learning systems to model and predict the world around us. In particular, \emph{deep learning} -- i.e. machine learning implemented via \acp{NN} compris... |
3,212,635,539,003 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent years have seen a surge of mathematical and computational
models of the immune system, ranging from ordinary differential equations approaches
\cite{DeBKevPer90, Nowak00, Leon03, Burroughs06, FouchetRegoes08, self_tolerance},
agent-based models \cite{agents1, agents2, Scherer06, Ca... |
3,212,635,539,004 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB, e.g., \cite{2013ApJS..208...19H, Aghanim:2018eyx}) have been pivotal in establishing the $\Lambda$CDM model as the standard model for cosmology.
The interpretation of CMB observations is very sensitive to the (linear, and, w... |
3,212,635,539,005 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the domains $\Omega_+=(0,1)\times (0,1)$ and $\Omega_-=(-1,0)\times(0,1)$ and let $\Omega=(-1,1)\times (0,1)$ and $\cC=\{0\}\times (0,1)$.
We study the nonelliptic differential expression $\cA$ defined by
\begin{equation}\label{A}
\cA f=-\text{div}\, (\sgn\nabla f\,),\qquad \text{wh... |
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