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3,212,635,539,106 | arxiv |
\section{Interpolated Normalized Gradient Descent}\label[sec]{sec:INGD}
In this section, we describe the results in \citep{pmlr-v119-zhang20p} and our modified subgradient method that achieves finite-time guarantees in obtaining $(\delta, \epsilon)$-stationarity for an $L$-Lipschitz function $f:\mathbb{R}^d\rightarrow... |
3,212,635,539,107 | arxiv | \section{Appendix}
We have a full description of the matrix algebra defined in Table~\ref{table:matrixalgebra}.
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Row direct sum.} The row direct sum $\mtx{A} \rds \mtx{B}$ is a matrix with $N$ columns that is the vertical concatenation of $\mtx{A}$ and $\mtx{B}$.
\item \textbf{Element-... |
3,212,635,539,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{1.\arabic{equation}} \setcounter{equation}{0}
The detection of the first gravitational wave (GW) from the coalescence of two massive black holes (BHs) by advanced LIGO marked the beginning of the GW era \cite{Ref1}. Following this observation, a few tens of GW ca... |
3,212,635,539,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With increasing performance expectations and growing complexity of engineered systems, industrial control practice faces with achieving stabilization and shaping of the behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. To address these problems, one possible methodology, which has seen rapid growth over ... |
3,212,635,539,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we prove a series of loosely connected results relating the geometry of domains in the plane with the distribution of the exit time of planar Brownian motion from those domains. Results of this type seem to have originated in such seminal papers as \cite{davis1979} and \cite{BURKH... |
3,212,635,539,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The (\'etale) fundamental group of (the spectrum of) the ring of integers of a number field is a central object in number theory,
in particular since its abelianization, the class group of $K$, is closely related to many classical problems in number theory.
The distribution of ($p$-parts of) clas... |
3,212,635,539,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The importance of the algebraic fundamental group of $\ensuremath{\mathbb{P}}^1-\{0,1,\infty\}$ has been known for some time:
\begin{quote}
``[A. Grothendieck] m'a aussi dit, avec force, que le compl\'{e}t\'{e} profini $\hat\pi_1$ du groupe fondamental de $X:=\ensuremath{\mathbb{P}}^1(\ensure... |
3,212,635,539,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
D-branes and string dualities revolutionized our understanding of
the non-perturbative aspects of the string theory and black hole
physics \cite{polchinski}.
Black holes in various types of supergravities, which
are in turn the low energy limit of the string theories, are
connected to each ot... |
3,212,635,539,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Insulation of dielectrics is limited due to dielectric
breakdown \cite{ODWYER,DISSADO1,ZELLER2}. There exist several different physical mechanisms
which lead to instabilities associated with dielectric breakdown at high electric
fields, e.g., thermal runaway and impact ioniza... |
3,212,635,539,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gravity compresses matter in the core of a
neutron star to densities a few times larger than the saturation (number)
density of atomic nuclei $n_0:=0.16\,\rm fm^{-3}$.
A quantity that describes the stiffness of matter, a property required to
prevent a static neutron star from collapsing to a bla... |
3,212,635,539,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{KunzCharacterizationsOfRegularLocalRings} Kunz proved that a Noetherian ring of characteristic $p > 0$ is regular if and only if the $e$-th iterated Frobenius map
\[
\xymatrix@R=3pt{
R \ar[r] & R \\
x \ar@{|->}[r] & x^{p^e}
}
\]
is flat for some, or equivalently every, $e > 0$. This is ... |
3,212,635,539,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Inspired by the penalization of the domain approach of
Lions \& Sznitman \cite{pls} (see also \cite{LMS,MR}), we give a sense to
Neumann and oblique derivatives boundary value problems for nonlocal
degenerate elliptic partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs in short).
... |
3,212,635,539,118 | arxiv | \section{Quantum subspace expansion method}
\black{In this section, we provide a concise review on the quantum subspace expansion (QSE) method~\cite{mcclean_2017, mcclean2020decoding, yoshioka2020variational}.
In short, the QSE method can be understood as a post-processing technique that allows one to further explore ... |
3,212,635,539,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
In 1940s Bernstein noticed that if $X$ and $Y$ are independent, then $X-Y$ and $X+Y$ are independent if and only if $X$ and $Y$ are Gaussian, \cite{Be41}. This observation suggested that independence can mean more than one could think. Many other examples of so-called independence c... |
3,212,635,539,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The sign problem is one of the major obstacles
to numerical computation in various areas of physics,
including
finite density QCD \cite{Aarts:2015tyj},
quantum Monte Carlo simulations of
statistical systems \cite{Pollet:2012},
and the numerical simulations... |
3,212,635,539,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Automated surveillance from noisy videos is an extremely important problem which has applications in areas such as defence, security, research and monitoring, etc. In such video surveillance, the basic algorithmic task is to separate the background of a video from the foreground... |
3,212,635,539,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In this paper, we introduce a new method for proving the absolute continuity
of the time marginals of some one-dimensional processes. The main idea
is elementary and quite rough. It is based on the explicit law of the
associated one-step Euler scheme and related to an estimate ... |
3,212,635,539,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The exact parity symmetric model\cite{flv} is the minimal extension of
the standard model which allows for an exact unbroken parity symmetry
[$x \to -x$, $t \to t$].
According to this theory, each type of ordinary
particle (electron, quark, photon etc) has a corresponding mirror partner
(mirror ... |
3,212,635,539,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A widespread problem in modern Data Science is how to combine multiple data types such as images, text, and numbers in a meaningful framework \cite{kedem2017, Costanedo2013,Zhu2013,Kivela2013,Zanin2016}. The traditional approach to tackle this challenge is to construct machine learning pipelines ... |
3,212,635,539,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
X-ray binaries (XRBs) are stellar binary systems that consist of a primary star, normally a black hole or a neutron star, and a companion star which feeds material to the former. According to the nature of the primary star, XRBs are generally grouped into black hole X-ray binaries (BH XRBs) and n... |
3,212,635,539,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The earliest protostellar phase just after cloud collapse -- the so-called Class 0
phase -- is best studied at mid-infrared and longer
wavelengths \citep{Andre00}. To understand the physical and chemical
evolution of low-mass protostars, in particular the relative
importance of radiative heating... |
3,212,635,539,127 | arxiv | \section{The Problem}
We are given five bands of photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Data Release 6 \htmladdnormallinkfoot{(SDSS DR6)}{http://www.sdss.org/dr6/}.
Associated with each magnitude measurement is
an error measurement and an extinction measurement used to correct the effect
of Galactic dust. ... |
3,212,635,539,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we tackle the problem of computing the values of the Waring numbers and levels of a henselian local ring $R$.
Under some mild assumptions on $R$ we are able to prove upper bounds on $w_n(R)$. Also, in a quite large class of local henselian rings, we show this upper bound is achieved... |
3,212,635,539,129 | arxiv | \chapter{Self-assembling interactive modules: A research programme}
In this paper we propose a research programme for getting structural characterisations for 2-dimensional languages generated by self-assembling tiles. This is part of a larger programme on getting a formal foundation of parallel, interactive, distribu... |
3,212,635,539,130 | arxiv | \section*{Contents}
\vspace{3cm}
{ \bf
\begin{itemize}
\item[1.] Introduction: Loop space variables of\\ nonabelian theories.
\item[2.] The Zwanziger--type action of nonabelian
\\ theories and duality.
\item[3.] The charge quantization conditions.
\item[4.] Renormalization group equations and duality.
\item[5.] A... |
3,212,635,539,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results}
\label{sec:intro}
Sharp Hardy inequalities have attracted a considerable attention in recent years,
particularly in view of their applications to differential equations motivated by
physics and geometry.
Let $1<p<n$.
The classical Hardy inequality states that
\begin{equation}
\l... |
3,212,635,539,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
The Dirichlet branes \cite{dlp,polch}
are a remarkable window into non-perturbative
string theory. The D-branes are BPS saturated objects which preserve
16 supersymmetries. This implies that when two Dirichlet $p$-branes are
placed parallel to each other, the force between them van... |
3,212,635,539,133 | arxiv |
\section{Supplemental material \label{app:suppMat}}
\input{HIG-17-030_aux.tex}
}
\cleardoublepage \section{The CMS Collaboration \label{app:collab}}\begin{sloppypar}\hyphenpenalty=5000\widowpenalty=500\clubpenalty=5000\input{HIG-17-030-authorlist.tex}\end{sloppypar}
\end{document}
|
3,212,635,539,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The brain is an information-processing chunk of meat with some amazing properties. Linsker, inventor of the InfoMax principle, made a statement thirty years ago that still rings true today, with some caveats.
\begin{quote}
A young animal or child perceives and identifies features in its environ... |
3,212,635,539,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
The development of numerical design algorithms for the calculation of freeform surfaces for irradiance control in the geometrical optics limit is of great interest in current research.
The task of these methods is thereby the calculation of freeform surfaces, which redistribute a... |
3,212,635,539,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A \emph{self-avoiding walk} (abbreviated to SAW) on a graph $G$
is a path that visits no point more than once. SAWs
were introduced in the chemical theory of polymerization (see Flory \cite{f}),
and their critical behaviour has been studied since by mathematicians and physicists
... |
3,212,635,539,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) has provided us with some of
the highest resolution observations to date of radio-emitting systems
throughout the visible Universe. X-ray binary systems, accreting
compact objects in orbit with less-evolved donor stars, emit
synchrotron radiation from th... |
3,212,635,539,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High-resolution $N$-body simulations with power-law initial power spectra
\cite{nf} suggest that density profiles of dark halos in large range
of masses are well fitted by a simple universal formula
\begin{equation} \label{p20}
\frac{\rho(x)}{\rho_{\rm crit,0}} =
\frac{\delta_{\rm char... |
3,212,635,539,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
Visual speech recognition (VSR) is the task of recognizing spoken language from video input only, without any audio. Similar to ASR (audio speech recognition), VSR has a multitude of applications. In general, VSR can be used to augment/replace audio speech recognition for si... |
3,212,635,539,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent emergence and wide-adaptation of microblogging platforms such as Twitter, during crises and emergency situations due to natural or man-made disasters, has been proven useful for a number of humanitarian tasks~\cite{imran2015processing}. Affected population post timely and useful inform... |
3,212,635,539,141 | arxiv | \section{Brief History}
In the simple quark model the spin of the proton is carried by
its three valence quarks so that $\Delta\Sigma= \Delta u + \Delta d = 1$.
Here $\Delta q$ = $\int^1_0 dx\, \left(q_{\uparrow}(x)-q_{\downarrow}(x)
\right)$ where
$q_{\uparrow(\downarrow)}(x)$
are distributions for quarks with sp... |
3,212,635,539,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section:Introduction}
The volume of scholarly publication per year has grown dramatically in the last two decades, along with an explosion in the number of papers that are available online, indexed, and searchable. The effect of such enhanced access on subsequent research is not entirely... |
3,212,635,539,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The nonlinearity (power dependence) of the microwave (rf) surface
impedance $Z_S$ of the high-$T_c$ superconductors is important for both
practical applications and fundamental materials understanding.
Nonlinearity in the surface impedance not only degrades the power handlin... |
3,212,635,539,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Various fascinating explorations of strongly coupled quantum field
theories have been carried out using gauge/gravity duality
\cite{AdSCFT}, including, more recently, non-relativistic and
condensed matter systems \cite{AdSCondmatRev} with symmetries
typically smaller than anti de Sitter space. S... |
3,212,635,539,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Music source separation has long been an important task for Music Information Retrieval (MIR) with numerous practical applications. By isolating the sound of individual instruments from a mixture of music, source separation systems can be used, for example, as a pre-processing tool for music tran... |
3,212,635,539,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Galactic center is host to 3 young, massive star clusters,
the Arches and Quintuplet clusters at projected distances of 26 to 32 pc
from the supermassive black hole (Nagata et al.~1990, 1995, Okuda et al.~1990,
Cotera et al.~1996, Figer et al.~1999ab, Stolte et al.~2008),
and the young nuc... |
3,212,635,539,147 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:1}Introduction}
According to the laws of classical physics a clock of perfect accuracy is conceivable.
However, a real clock is a quantum system, the position and the velocity of the center of mass of the hand have indeterminacies, therefore the accuracy of the clock cannot be perfect.
The r... |
3,212,635,539,148 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
A hybrid AC/DC optimal power flow model for the unbalanced operation of HVDC grids is introduced using a multi-conductor representation of the DC grid. The positive and negative poles of bipolar converter stations are modeled separately, and DC buses are modeled using three terminals: the positive... |
3,212,635,539,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the study of the dynamical behaviour of an assigned system, one very often comes across the impossibility of handling, both analytically and numerically, its Hamiltonian model. The difficulties can originate from the complexity of the system stemming from the presence, for example, of an ex... |
3,212,635,539,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
LEP~II is very effective in bounding from below masses of charginos which,
if this is kinematically allowed, should be produced in a pair in $e^+ e^-
\to \chi^+ \chi^-$ annihilation. The present bounds are $m_{\tilde\chi^\pm}
\gtrsim 90\GeV$ for the higgsino-dominated case and $m_{\tilde\chi^\pm... |
3,212,635,539,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
\begin{figure}[tbh]
\includegraphics[width=.9\hsize]{micrographsDVT.pdf}
\caption[]{ a: Transmission electron micrograph of experimental superlattice structure containing lead sulfate and dark colored palladium nanoparticles showing formation of regular palladium cluste... |
3,212,635,539,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\newtheorem{theorem}{T{\scriptsize HEOREM}}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{L{\scriptsize EMMA}}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{C{\scriptsize OROLLARY}}
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{P{\scriptsize ROPOSITION}}
\newtheorem{remark}{R{\scriptsize EMARK}}[... |
3,212,635,539,153 | arxiv | \section{Supplemental Material for ``Quantum spin circulator in Y junctions of Heisenberg chains'' }
\subsection{1. Effective Hamiltonian in the strong coupling limit}
We consider the Hamiltonian for three boundary spins:\begin{equation}
H_c=J'\sum_{\alpha}\mathbf S_{\alpha}\cdot \mathbf S_{\alpha+1}+J_\chi \mathb... |
3,212,635,539,154 | arxiv | \section{Probability space of random dyadic lattices. Non-homogeneous dyadic shifts}
\label{intro}
Consider a positive finite measure $\mu$ supported on a compact set $E$ lying in $\frac12Q_0$, the central cube of the unit cube $Q_0$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$. We recall a construction of probability space of dyadic lattices ma... |
3,212,635,539,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this work we introduce a novel approach for nonlinear constrained stochastic optimization of a process, represented by an objective function $f$, and derive an algorithm for finding optimal process specific design parameters $x$ within a set $X = \{x \;:\; c(x) \leq 0\} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$... |
3,212,635,539,156 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{Methodology}
\section{Results and discussion }
\input{Results1}
\subsection{Extensional flow }
\input{Results2}
\subsection{Shear flow}
\input{Results3}
\section{Summary and Conclusions}
\input{Conclusion}
\section{Acknowledgement}
The authors woul... |
3,212,635,539,157 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\newcommand{\setcounter{equation}{0} \section*{Appendix}}{\addtocounter{section}{1} \setcounter{equation}{0}
\section*{Appendix \Alph{section}}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{equation}}
\textwidth 169mm
\textheight 214mm
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}... |
3,212,635,539,158 | arxiv | \section{Notation}
\subsection{Basic Notation}
Given the set $\mathcal{X}$, its complement is $\overline{\mathcal{X}}$ and its cardinality is $\mathrm{card}[\mathcal{X}]$. The integers are $\mathbb{N}$ and the real numbers are $\mathbb{R}$. The $N\times 1$ column vectors and the $N\times M$ matrices with real-valu... |
3,212,635,539,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One can find in the litterature many examples of supersymmetric hierarchies
(see for instance \cite{Mathieu1,math2,ina1,inami,morosi,kriso,krisoto})
but a general discussion of these hierarchies in the Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction framework is still lacking. The construction of a hierarchy in the... |
3,212,635,539,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we continue the study of algebraic, geometric and other
structures arising in the tautological subbundles for the Birkhoff strata of
Sato Grassmannian. In the paper \cite{KO1} it was shown that each Birkhoff
stratum $\Sigma _{S}$ of the Sato Grassmannian Gr contains a subset $... |
3,212,635,539,161 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introuction}
We analyze the existence, linear stability, and slow dynamics of
localized $N$-spot patterns for the singularly perturbed
dimensionless Gierer-Meinhardt (GM) reaction-diffusion (RD) model
(cf.~\cite{gierer})
\begin{equation}\label{eq:pde_gm_3d}
v_t = \varepsilon^2 \Delt... |
3,212,635,539,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The \emph{extension complexity} of a polytope $P$, denoted by $\mathop\mathrm{xc}\nolimits(P)$, is the minimum number of facets
of any polytope $Q$ that affinely projects onto $P$.
A linear description of such a polytope $Q$ (together with the corresponding
projection) is an ... |
3,212,635,539,163 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent We continue our numerical study on the lattice of the topological charge
distribution in the $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory adopting the definition suggested
by Neuberger fermions as discussed in a series of papers~\cite{Neu1}-\cite{Lus2}.\\
\indent Recent numerical studies on this subject... |
3,212,635,539,164 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries to determine the metrics}
Using the finiteness of $ n $-point functions in the renormalized theory we show how to determine the CTs $ \mathcal{A}_{ij} $ and $ \mathcal{B}_{ijk} $ in regular flat space and constant $ g^{i} $. We start with the 2-point function
\begin{equation}\label{eq:finite_2p... |
3,212,635,539,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{secintro}
The study of the canonical maps of $n$-dimensional projective varieties of general type is one of the central problems in algebraic geometry. For non-singular algebraic surfaces, Beauville (\cite{Bea}) proved that the degree of the canonical map is less than or equal to $36$ and t... |
3,212,635,539,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mixed reality has been an active field of research for the past 50 years~\cite{Sutherland:1968}, but recent advances and interest have dramatically accelerated developments in the field. This has resulted, lately, in an explosive increase in the development of virtual and augmented reality (AR) ... |
3,212,635,539,167 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The presence of short-lived radioisotopes (SLRs) during the early stages of planetary formation is of central importance in the view of core-accretion planet formation models. In the Solar System, the radioactive decay of $^{26}$Al\xspace was the main heat source of the ... |
3,212,635,539,168 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spectral interpretation is indispensable to chemistry. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, in particular, is one of the oldest and most well studied areas of chemical research. Since its discovery in 1800 \cite{herschel}, hundreds of compounds have been measured through IR spectroscopy, but it was not un... |
3,212,635,539,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topic for the fractional Laplacian has recently engaged an increasing interest (e.g. \cite{Lishke} and the big number of the relevant results cited there in). Nevertheless, the treatment for instance of the Dirichlet problem in the exterior of bounded, say $3D$, domains seems to be not analys... |
3,212,635,539,170 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Low scale unification of gauge and gravitational interactions
~\cite{Antoniadis:1990ew,Arkani-Hamed:1998rs,Antoniadis:1998ig}, appears to be a
promising framework for solving the hierarchy problem. In this context, the
weakness of the gravitational force in long distances is attributed to the
exi... |
3,212,635,539,171 | arxiv | \subsection{Please Capitalize the First Letter of Each Notional Word in Subsection Title}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), which is also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope, is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope with large ... |
3,212,635,539,172 | arxiv |
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{theorem:sum-spectral-efficiency}}\label{sec:proofth1}
In the case of MRC, the expectations in \eqref{eq:SINR-value} can be computed directly, using the estimates in Lemma \ref{lemma:estimation}:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\mathrm{SINR}_{jk} &= \frac{ \frac{ \rho^2 B M }{ \sum_{\ell... |
3,212,635,539,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
All around us we see fluid drops joining together: raindrops splash into a pond and fuse with it; individual drops falling from a faucet merge together to fill a glass of water. It is easy to forget the wonder of such a ubiquitous phenomenon. There is a change in topology when two fluids co... |
3,212,635,539,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of finding the shortest path between two vertices in a graph has a long history~\cite{wiener1873ueber},\cite{tarry1895probleme} with a wide range of applications Waxman~\cite{waxman1988routing} Mortensen et al.~\cite{mortensen1995intelligent}. The classical algorithm to determine a s... |
3,212,635,539,175 | arxiv |
\section{Appendix}\label{sec:appen}
\subsection{Related Work}\label{subsec:rlwork}
The existing privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) works focus exclusively on training (generalized) linear models. They rely on \textit{centralized} solutions where the learning task is securely outsourced to a server, notably ... |
3,212,635,539,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Electron-positron pair production (PP) in strong external fields is a fundamental nonlinear phenomenon predicted by quantum electrodynamics~\cite{sauter_1931, euler_heisenberg, schwinger_1951}. In the presence of a quasistatic electric background, the vacuum decay rate becomes no... |
3,212,635,539,177 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[!t]
\resizebox{\linewidth}{!} {
\includegraphics{Figures/Highlight-Carousel}
}
\caption{A representative example of video object segmentation on the DAVIS 2017 dataset. Compared to existing methods rely on optical flows ({\it e.g.} PReMVOS~\cite{DBLP:conf/accv/LuitenVL18... |
3,212,635,539,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays a large part of the drugs presented on the pharmaceutical market are classified as Class II, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) \cite{padrela2018supercritical,yu2002biopharmaceutics,shah2014gl}, i.e. demonstrate high intestinal permeability and low aqueous solu... |
3,212,635,539,179 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A crucial question in materials science is to provide an accurate description of phenomena exhibiting an intrinsic nonlinear nature, as well as to establish the range of validity of their linearized approximations.
A key challenge in this direction consists in the mathematical modeling of ... |
3,212,635,539,180 | arxiv | \section{Massive fermions that are non-relativistic at decoupling}
\label{sec:appmassnrel}
When we have massive fermions that are non-relativistic at decoupling ($M_X \gg T_D$) their distribution function after the freeze out or decoupling can be written as \cite{Padmanabhanbook}
\begin{equation}
f_X(p)=f_{eq}\left(p\... |
3,212,635,539,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Meson-nucleus bound systems are considered to be very interesting objects in the contemporary
hadron-nuclear physics. Especially, we can make use of them as $laboratories$ for the studies of hadron properties
at finite density which are closely related to the symmetry breaking and restoration ... |
3,212,635,539,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In science and engineering, mathematical models are utilized to understand and predict the behavior of complex systems. Two common input data/parameters for these types of models include forcing terms and initial conditions. Often, for any number of reasons, there is a degree of uncertainty invol... |
3,212,635,539,183 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is an interesting question to obtain A series for equivarant tangent bundles and Chern Polynomials since this will be necessary to obtain A series for a general vector bundle and multiplicative characteristic class. Now assume $\mathbb{T}$ is an
algebraic torus and $X$ be a $\mathbb{T}$-manif... |
3,212,635,539,184 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion.}
{\em In conclusion,} we established relation between classical mechanical Hannay angle and the geometric phase in dissipative limit cycle
evolution.
Hannay angle interpretation of the phase in \cite{kagan-91} relates it also to geometric phases in stochastic kinetics,
introduced in \cite{sinits... |
3,212,635,539,185 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decade, several massive neutron stars have been observed, $1.97 \pm 0.04\,\rm M_{\rm Sun}$ \cite{Demorest:2010bx}, $2.01 \pm 0.04\,\rm M_{\rm Sun}$ \cite{Antoniadis:2013pzd}, $2.27 \pm 0.17\,\rm M_{\rm Sun}$ \cite{Linares:2018ppq}, and $2.14^{+0.20}_{-0.18}\,\rm M_{\rm Sun}$ \cite{Cr... |
3,212,635,539,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The apparent simplicity of galactic globular clusters (GCs) is the result of their >10 Gyr evolution driven by the complex interplay of gravitational encounters (dynamical two-body interactions between stars), interactions with the host galaxy and internal stellar astrophysical processes. The d... |
3,212,635,539,187 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Galaxies, the fundamental building blocks of the universe, form and evolve over cosmic time. They might simply have cold gas accretion from the cosmic web onto their galactic disks to form stars~\citep{Martin16}. However, the $\Lambda$ cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model dictates that str... |
3,212,635,539,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\lettrine[lines=2]{H}{UMAN} activity recognition (HAR) is a critical technology in the Internet of Things (IoT), which aims to provide information on human physical activity and detect human actions \cite{lara2012survey, kim2009human}. With the fast advancement of the IoT, HAR has attracted much... |
3,212,635,539,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Bandits with covariates, or \emph{contextual} bandits, concern situations where the reward of an action depends on a current context $x$, e.g., a patient's medical record (actions are treatments), or a user's profile and past history (actions are new products to propose). The problem is to maxim... |
3,212,635,539,190 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of hadron production has a long history in high-energy particle and
nuclear physics, as well as cosmic-ray physics.
The absolute yields and the transverse momentum ($\pt$) spectra of identified
hadrons in high-energy hadron-hadron collisions are among the basic phys... |
3,212,635,539,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:intro}
Capillary surfaces are the mathematical model for the interfaces between incompressible immiscible fluids. If a liquid occupies a region $\Omega^{n+1}$ in a container $M^{n+1}$ (a Riemannian manifold with boundary), then Gauss' free energy consists of the following terms: the fre... |
3,212,635,539,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy snow events are among the most severe natural hazards in
mountainous countries. Every year, winter storms can hinder mobility by
disrupting rail, road and air traffic. Extreme snowfall can overload
buildings and cause them to collapse, and can lead to flooding due to
subsequent melti... |
3,212,635,539,193 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since R. Feynman's talk in 1959, people have eagerly pursued practical work on smaller and smaller scales, notably through nanotechnology~\cite{Feynman}. Nanotechnology, recently, produced a new branch of research called nano communication networks (NCNs). NCNs interconnect several nanoscale mach... |
3,212,635,539,194 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General relativity predicts the existence of unstable bound photon orbits around Kerr black holes (see e.g. \cite{Chandrasekhar:1985kt, Teo:2020sey}). Unperturbed photons on such orbits circle the black hole forever. Photons on orbits that deviate slightly from the bound orbits first circle the ... |
3,212,635,539,195 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Polar codes, first discovered by Ar\*{\i}kan \cite{firstArikan}, are the first capacity-achieving codes for binary-input discrete memoryless channels with an explicit and deterministic structure. In addition, it was shown that a simple successive cancellation (SC) decoder asymptotically achieves... |
3,212,635,539,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Parity-invariant QED$_3$ with $2N_f$ flavors of massless two-component
fermions coupled to three-dimensional non-compact Abelian gauge-fields
has been studied in the past as a quantum field theory which can be tuned
to be conformal or to have a mass-gap by changing $N_f$. The question is
the foll... |
3,212,635,539,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and motivation}
Spectral graph theory is an important branch of discrete mathematics that links graphs to linear algebra. Its applications are numerous.
For instance, in Chemistry
the H\"{u}ckel molecular orbital theory of conjugated $\pi$ systems \cite{streitwieser1961} is essentially an exerc... |
3,212,635,539,198 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
For image classification, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has performed well in many tasks~\cite{sze_efficient_2017}. Traditional classification methods have relied on manually extracted features; alternatively, the CNN automatically extracts the features from images for classification~\c... |
3,212,635,539,199 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Because algorithms using pattern recognition or machine learning are applied for various tasks, problem definition and data acquisition are as important as the model's performance [1-4]. Training using deep neural networks, a trend in machine learning, requires large amounts of annotated data to... |
3,212,635,539,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The theory of probabilistic sampling is one of the topics of statistical theory that is most
commonly used in many fields of scientific investigation. An effective survey technique in a
population can be seen as an appropriate extraction of useful data which provides meaningful
... |
3,212,635,539,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been found some time ago by 't Hooft and Polyakov \cite{tHooft74,Polyak74}
that spontaneously
broken gauge theories (with a simple gauge group) admit classical solutions
with quantized magnetic charge and finite energy.
The self-energy (or mass) of these magnetic monopole solutions is well... |
3,212,635,539,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a compact $n$-dimensional manifold with smooth boundary $\partial M$. We consider the following three biharmonic Steklov eigenfunction problems:
\begin{equation} \label{Theta}
\Bigg \{
\begin{array}{ll}
\triangle^2 e_\lambda=0 & $in $ M \\
\partial_\nu e_\lambda=\partial_\nu \triangle ... |
3,212,635,539,203 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among two-dimensional materials, in the last years, Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) have proved to be one of the most promising classes of crystals in terms of both applications and fundamental studies. Semiconducting TMDs are characterized by a graphene-like layered lattice, easily exfo... |
3,212,635,539,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \& observations}\label{s:intro}
In analogy to the quiet revolution of numerical weather forecasts (\citealt{Bauer:2015}),
astrophysicists have started to value
that the gaseous atmospheres of galaxies (ISM), groups (IGM), and clusters (ICM) are not static isothermal spheres but live halos contin... |
3,212,635,539,205 | arxiv | \section{Preamble}
It is often objected that the Everett view of quantum theory cannot make adequate sense of quantum probabilities, in one or both of two senses: either it cannot make sense of probability at all, or cannot explain why probability should be governed by the Born rule. David Deutsch (1999) has attempted... |
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