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3,212,635,539,506
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Agent-based modeling has been employed by researchers in many disciplines to specify the elements of a complex system and their interactions, to check their understandings of a system, to conduct thought experiments and to inform design and analysis \cite{Epstein07GenerativeSocialScience,Wilkins...
3,212,635,539,507
arxiv
\section{Introduction} How did cosmic inflation~\cite{Guth:1980zm, Linde:1981mu, Albrecht:1982wi, Starobinsky:1980te, Mukhanov:1981xt} influence the structure of the standard model of particle physics? The string-landscape picture~\cite{Susskind:2003kw}---in which the standard model (SM) is just one of many possible v...
3,212,635,539,508
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The \emph{strong polarized partition relation} $\binom{\lambda}{\kappa}\rightarrow \binom{\lambda}{\kappa}_\theta$ says that for every coloring $c:\lambda\times\kappa\rightarrow\theta$ one can find $A\in[\lambda]^\lambda, B\in[\kappa]^\kappa$ such that $c''(A\times{B})$ is constant. The \em...
3,212,635,539,509
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Determination of the phase structure of QCD matter is one of the key questions tackled by relativistic heavy-ion collisions at various energies~\cite{Bzdak:2019pkr}. Of particular relevance is the location~(and even the existence) of the QCD critical point at finite baryon density. Proton number ...
3,212,635,539,510
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure}[!h] \centering \includegraphics[width=7.8cm,height=6.22cm]{introdcution_figure_crop.pdf} \caption{(a) Given the text information of a research paper, Research Replication Prediction (RRP) task predicts whether the paper can be reproduced or not. (b) Having the same input as (a), ...
3,212,635,539,511
arxiv
\section{Guidelines} As a possible evidence of cosmological phase transitions in the early universe, topological defects may remain somewhere in our universe~\cite{VS}. It has been of interest to investigate their behaviors, especially, those accompanied with radiations in cosmological and astrophysical contex...
3,212,635,539,512
arxiv
\section{Model} {\it Model Hamiltonian} $-$ The model Hamiltonian for the dynamical system in Fig.~\ref{fig:1}, which describes both 2D and 3D setups, can be written as $H_{\rm tot}(t)=(1/2)\int d{\boldsymbol r}\Psi^\dagger({\boldsymbol r}) H_{\rm BdG}(t)\Psi({\boldsymbol r})$ where the Bogolioubov de Gennes Hamiltonia...
3,212,635,539,513
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Contact, adhesion and friction play an important role in many natural (e.g., earthquakes) and engineering systems, for example, assembled parts in engines, railroad contacts, bearings and gears, breaking systems, tire-road contacts, metal forming, vehicle crash, bio mechanics, granular material...
3,212,635,539,514
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For systems with competing interactions, quantum fluctuations can stabilize an otherwise collapsing system \cite{Petrov2015}. The balance of attraction and repulsion in these systems means that they share properties with liquids, despite being orders of magnitude more dilute. These quantum d...
3,212,635,539,515
arxiv
\section{Introduction } During the last two centuries in peaceful rich countries, people lived on average longer and longer, while during the last few decades the number of chidren born per women during her lifetime has sunken below the replacement rate of slightly above 2. Also in many poorer countries the number of b...
3,212,635,539,516
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In classical Maxwell theory photons/waves/wave packets do not interact. In contrast, in quantal theory they can interact via quantal fluctuations. So far only inelastic processes, i.e. production of hadrons or jets via photon-photon fusion could be measured e.g. in $e^+ e^-$ collisions or in ultr...
3,212,635,539,517
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study techniques that effectively determine if a given system of algebraic partial differential equations is consistent; that is, if the system has a solution in a differential field extension of the ground differential field in which the coefficients of the system live. Our app...
3,212,635,539,518
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\em Electrical impedance tomography} (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging technique with applications, e.g., in medical imaging, process tomography, and nondestructive testing of materials \cite{Borcea02,Cheney99,Uhlmann09}. The aim of EIT is to reconstruct the conductivity distribution inside the e...
3,212,635,539,519
arxiv
\section{Introduction and overview}\label{introduction} Let $A$ be a real or complex Banach algebra with a bounded left approximate identity $\net{e}$, and let ${\pi}$ be a continuous representation of $A$ on a Banach space $X$. Let $s \in X$, and let $\epsilon>0$. Using a notation that anticipates what is to come, t...
3,212,635,539,520
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1930, S.\ Bernstein \cite{Bernstein} proved the following result: \begin{theorem*}[{\bfseries A}] Let $p(z)$ and $q(z)$ be two complex polynomials with degree of $p(z)$ not exceeding that of $q(z)$. If $q(z)$ has all its zeros in $\{|z|\le1\}$ and $|p(z)|\le |q(z)|$ for $|z|=1$, then $|p'(z)|...
3,212,635,539,521
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intoduction} The discovery of neutrino oscillations by \texttt{\large Super-Kamiokande} in $1998$ \cite{Fukuda:1998mi, Fukuda:1998ub} was the indisputable proof that neutrinos are massive and that their mass states are a non-trivial combination of flavour states; a possibility first c...
3,212,635,539,522
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the latest years the measurements of the CR leptonic fluxes have reached an unprecedented accuracy. Thanks to experiments such as Fermi-LAT, PAMELA, AMS-02 we have now high-statistic data on the electron+positron (CRE) flux up to $\simeq 1$ TeV and on the positron fraction (PF) up to $\simeq ...
3,212,635,539,523
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec0} \subsection{Model under consideration} Water wave systems are too complex to easily derive and rigorously from it relevant qualitative information on the dynamics of the waves. Alternatively, under suitable assumption on amplitude, wavelength, wave steepness and so on, the study on a...
3,212,635,539,524
arxiv
\section{Preliminaries}\label{definitions} A multiway array $T=(T_{i_{1}i_{2}\ldots i_{K}})$ where $1\leq i_{1}\leq N_{1},\ldots, 1\leq i_{K}\leq N_{K}$ is called a $K$-way tensor of size $(N_{1},N_{2},\ldots,N_{K})$. We also say that $T$ is an $N_{1}\times N_{2}\times\ldots\times N_{K}$ tensor. When $k=3$, we will u...
3,212,635,539,525
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A conceptually simple phenomenon, freezing of liquid into glass, has turned out to be one of the most difficult problems in condensed matter physics, the problem of glass transition \cite{1,2}. Analyzing the current state of the field, Dyre recently suggested that glass transition itself is not ...
3,212,635,539,526
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} Non-commutativity is one of the possible theories for the general structure of the spacetime. One can describe the quantization of manifold by utilizing the language of non-commutative (NC) geometry. The seminal work of Gelfand-Naimark \cite{gel} has shown a one-to-one relation betwee...
3,212,635,539,527
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recall that the familiar Sierpinski gasket (SG) is generated in the following way. Starting with a triangle one divides it into four copies, removes the central one, and repeats the iterated process. One aspect of the study of this fractal stems from the analytical construction of a Laplacian...
3,212,635,539,528
arxiv
\section{Mutual information} \label{sec:mi} In Section~\ref{sec:background}, we saw that the InfoNCE objective \eqref{eq:infonce} fulfills the need to make $p({\mathbf{z}}|{\mathbf{x}})$ tightly focused on a single point whilst simultaneously requiring $p({\mathbf{z}})$ to be well spread out over representation space. ...
3,212,635,539,529
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process where at each discrete timestep, a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to become colored. A zero forcing set of a graph is a set of initially colored vertices which forces the entire graph to become colored. The ...
3,212,635,539,530
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It has been known for a long time that closed hyperbolic surfaces and 3-manifolds may have arbitarily short geodesics. This follows in 2-dimensions by an explicit construction, and holds in 3 dimensions by Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn surgery theorem \cite[Thm. 5.8.2]{Th}. In this note, we prove ...
3,212,635,539,531
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The tunnel effect is the quantum mechanical phenomenon that particles can penetrate and pass areas in configuration space with a potential energy higher than their total energy. While phenomenological descriptions appeared earlier, the effect was discovered and understood in 1927 by Hund.\cite{h...
3,212,635,539,532
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Convolution is widely adopted in different neural network architecture designs for various object recognition tasks. Many hardware accelerators % have been developed to improve the speed and power performance of the compute-intensive convolutional kernels. While the use of convolution kernels ...
3,212,635,539,533
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like solitons or magnetic bubbles in a magnetization texture that have topologically non-trivial spin textures\cite{nagaosa_topological_2013}. The stability of skyrmions and the low current density necessary to move them\cite{yu_room-temperature_2016} has inspired...
3,212,635,539,534
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro} Let $(\Omega,\mathscr{G},\mathbb{P})$ be a probability space, and let $\mathscr{K}_0 \subset L^0(\Omega,\mathscr{G},\mathbb{P})$ be a set of random variables, where we think of outcomes of trading strategies with initial wealth zero. Then an \emph{arbitrage opportunity} is an el...
3,212,635,539,535
arxiv
\section{Anomalous Chromomagnetic Moments of Quarks} New interactions or composite structure can lead to anomalous magnetic moments for electromagnetic interactions and anomalous chromomagnetic moments for colored intermediate states of colored quarks. The form of the interaction is \begin{equation} {\cal L}_{eff} = ...
3,212,635,539,536
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Ground-breaking observations by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration provided the first imaging of horizon scale structure, and in particular the lensing ring of an astrophysical black hole (BH)~\cite{Akiyama:2019cqa,Akiyama:2019eap}. Many astrophysical BHs are believed to be surrounded by a...
3,212,635,539,537
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{1} Quantum entanglement is an essential concept in quantum systems that has no classical counterpart. In the past five decades, many developments including quantum information \cite{Steane:1997kb}, quantum algorithm \cite{Galindo:2001ei} and Bell's inequality \cite{Clauser:1969ny, Bell:19...
3,212,635,539,538
arxiv
\section{Classification of infinite-dimensional irreducible \section{Introduction} Let us introduce some notation. For any complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{F}$ endowed with a distinguished basis $\{ f_{j}, j\in J\}$, $\mathcal{F}_{\mathbb{R}}$ will denote the real Hilbert space with basis $\{ f_{j}, j\in J\}$ and $...
3,212,635,539,539
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to match people across multiple surveillance cameras with non-overlapping views. It is challenging because the visual appearance of a person across different cameras can change drastically due to many covariates such as illumination, background, camera view...
3,212,635,539,540
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The maximum independent set problem is, given a graph $G = (V, E)$, find the largest set of mutually non-adjacent vertices. The associated decision problem, to determine whether a graph contains an independent set of size at least $k$, was one of Karp's twenty-one problems originally proved t...
3,212,635,539,541
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a celebrated paper \cite{Reilly}, Reilly proved an integral formula for compact Riemannian manifolds with smooth boundary. To be precise, let us first give our notations. Throughout this paper, Let $(\Omega^{n}, g)$ be an $n$-dimensional compact Riemannian manifold with smooth boundary $M$....
3,212,635,539,542
arxiv
\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENT} This work was supported by the HKUST SSTSP project RoMRO (FP802), HKUST IGN project IGN16EG09, HKUST PGS Fund of Office of Vice-President (Research \& Graduate Studies) and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation \& Foundation for Strategic Research. \section{CONCLUSION} \label{sec:concl...
3,212,635,539,543
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The search for the most distant galaxies, located at the beginning of the cosmic dawn, is now entering its maturity. The last few years have witnessed a tremendous increase in the data available, and the number of candidates at redshifts as high as $z=10$, corresponding to on...
3,212,635,539,544
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Benford's Law (BL) was originally proposed by the astronomer Newcomb\ in 1881 \cite{Newcomb1881} and formulated \ much later by Benford in 1938 \cite% {Benford1938}.\ For a given big data set $\{\eta \}$, both man-made or from nature$,\ $the Benford distribution states that the frequency of ...
3,212,635,539,545
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In figure-ground segmentation, the regions of interest are conventionally defined by the provided ground truth, which is usually in the form of pixel-level annotations. Without such supervised information from intensive labeling efforts, it is challenging to teach a system to learn what the figur...
3,212,635,539,546
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The effective action of a theory incorporates all its quantum corrections. It is, however, nonlocal and difficult to calculate even in exactly solvable models. Consequently, various approximations are used to evaluate parts of the effective action. In particular, one frequently uses ...
3,212,635,539,547
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Physics of extra dimensions is an interesting possibility of particle physics beyond the standard model~\cite{Manton:1979kb} \cite{Appelquist:2000nn}. In the standard model, the framework is based on a four-dimensional field theory which is renormalizable and well-defined including qu...
3,212,635,539,548
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} The examples presented here of how intergalactic tidal streams could have been triggered by interactions among the young galaxies at high redshift, when they were all close together, are based on solutions to a dynamical model for the Local Group (LG) under the condition of growing...
3,212,635,539,549
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Overview} \label{sec:overview} \footnote{2010 \emph{Mathematics Subject Classification.} Primary 11F27, 05E10. Secondary 81R05.}Heisenberg groups were introduced by Weyl \cite[Chapter~4]{Weyl50} in his mathematical formulation of quantum kinematics. Best known among them are the Lie g...
3,212,635,539,550
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Generative adversarial networks (GANs~\cite{GAN}) have achieved impressive results in a wide variety of computer vision tasks, such as super-resolution~\cite{GANsr} and image editing~\cite{GANedit}, which are popular applications on mobile devices. Many of these tasks can be considered as an imag...
3,212,635,539,551
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The northern-hemisphere high-energy peaked BL Lac (HBL), Mkn 421 \cite{Punch92} and Mkn 501 \cite{Quinn96} are the first extragalactic sources detected in the TeV range, and are two of the brightest and most active sources in the extragalactic VHE sky. Due to their proximity ($z = 0.031$ and $...
3,212,635,539,552
arxiv
\section{The RS model and its variants} Following the influential work of Randall and Sundrum,\cite{Randall:1999ee} in the last decade a lot of effort has been put into constructing realistic warped models of Electroweak Symmetry breaking (EWSB) which obey all experimental constraints obtained in precision measurement...
3,212,635,539,553
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neutrinos remain an elusive component of the Standard Models of particle physics and cosmology. While cosmological measurements have placed some of the strongest constraints on the sum of neutrino masses (see e.g.,~Refs.~\cite{Planck:2018vyg,Lattanzi:2017ubx}), we do not yet know the value. The...
3,212,635,539,554
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although QCD is well established as the theory of strong interactions, the fact that its coupling becomes large at energies below 1-2 GeV keeps the hadronic realm beyond the reach of perturbative calculations. In that regime, lattice methods are a useful tool to calculate QCD observables, altho...
3,212,635,539,555
arxiv
\section{Introduction and preliminaries} \subsection{History} The earliest reference for $q$-analogs of block designs (subspace designs) is \cite{Cameron-1974}. However, the idea is older, since it is stated that ``Several people have observed that the concept of a $t$-design can be generalised [...]''. They have also ...
3,212,635,539,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} \begin{comment} It is well known that network coding and lattice codes are promising research topics in communications. Based on both of them, a new relay category compute-and-forward, that exploits interference to obtain higher transmission rates between users in a...
3,212,635,539,557
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Probabilistic inverse estimation is gaining momentum in computational practice today. Bayes's rule as given in its classical form often cannot be used in practice because the evaluation of the posterior distribution requires the use of slowly convergent random walk strategies such as Markov ch...
3,212,635,539,558
arxiv
\section{\label{Intro}Introduction} String theory on pp-wave background is being analysed extensively during the past several decades because they are endowed with a number of unique features \cite{Kowalski-Glikman:1984qtj,Chrusciel:1984gr,Figueroa-OFarrill:2001hal,Blau:2001ne,blau.m}. These pp-wave solutions appear...
3,212,635,539,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction} High energy particles propagating in a dense plasma can loose their kinetic energy by perturbing the particle distribution of the plasma. The fluctuation in the number densities of protons and neutrons is small as they are heavy but for electrons the fluctuations are significant. Neutrinos propa...
3,212,635,539,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} The core and core-EP inverses of matrices have been intensively studied in recent years to solve a certain type of matrix equations \cite{baks, BakTr14}. Hence, a significant number of papers explored the characterizations of the core inverse and its applications in \cite{ baskett196...
3,212,635,539,561
arxiv
\section{Overview} In ancient greek mythology, Arges is the name of a cyclops who, after being exiled by the Titans was eventually freed by Zeus to forge lightning bolts for his battle against their former masters. In this tradition of being a helping hand in times of struggle, we introduce the computational tool \...
3,212,635,539,562
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:intro} At a basic level, statistics is concerned with the collection and analysis of data with the goal of testing existing theories and creating new ones. This is the cornerstone of the scientific method and, therefore, a solid foundation of statistics is fundamental to the advancemen...
3,212,635,539,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Humans can extrapolate new concepts from previously learned knowledge. For instance, if the people are taught what the \emph{fried chip} and \emph{toasted bread} are, most of them can recognize the \emph{fried bread} immediately. This ability is known as \emph{compositional generalization} \cite{...
3,212,635,539,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In a recent paper [28], we proved existence and multiplicity results for non-linear second-order periodic systems driven by the one-dimensional $p$-Laplacian and having a non-smooth potential. Our results there extended to the recent works of Tang [31,32], who examined semilinear (i.e. $p=2$) sy...
3,212,635,539,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Se:1} The question of whether electronic and vibrational coherences exist in macromolecular systems, e.g.,\ $\pi$-conjugated polymers and light harvesting complexes, has been an outstanding one for a number of years\cite{Engel07,Fleming09,Cheng09,Scholes11a,Scholes11b,Lewis12,Scholes15,Sc...
3,212,635,539,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{H}{istorically}, machine learning research has focused on maximizing performance while ignoring that models often have to deal with biases in the underlying data. Moreover, those responsible for real-world automated decision-making often want to remove irrelevant aspects of the data...
3,212,635,539,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} Studies of large samples of stars are very important for understanding the Galactic and stellar chemical evolution. Understanding the effects of these two mechanisms is, in turn, crucial for the studies of chemical properties of individual stars. A representative ex...
3,212,635,539,568
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Non-redundant aperture-masking (NRM) interferometry introduces a mask with well selected holes into the pupil plane of a telescope to enable interferometric capabilities. Major ground-based observatories have successfully implemented NRM interferometry using existing instrume...
3,212,635,539,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Euler equations with gravitational source term are used to model the flow of gases in different fields of physical sciences. Examples include weather prediction, climate modeling, and several astrophysical application such as the modeling of stellar interiors. In many of these applications, ...
3,212,635,539,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Very recently, a few massive binaries have been identified as variable very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-ray sources. They are PSR B1259-63 (Aharonian et al. 2005a), LS 5039 (Aharonian et al. 2005b, 2006), LS I +61 303 (Albert et al. 2006, 2008a,b), and Cyg X-1 (Albert et al. 2007). The nature o...
3,212,635,539,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} In the last ten years mode coupling theory (MCT)~\cite{gotze91,gotze92,schilling94,kob97} has led to a strong interest in the phenomenon of the glass transition, since this theory makes detailed predictions on the dynamics of glass formers in the vicinity of the glass transition and...
3,212,635,539,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Researchers have been studying mobile robot navigation for decades. Many notable techniques have been proposed in this area over the years, such as \citep{burgard1999ExperiencesWA,thrun2000probabilistic, mobot}, where safety and robustness features have been prioritized. In other words, the prin...
3,212,635,539,573
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent high resolution movies obtained by Hinode spacecraft clearly show continuous helical motions of spicule axes \citep{dep}. This phenomenon is known for a long time (Beckers 1972), but no satisfactory explanation has been done yet. \citet{dep} suggested that these motions are caused by Alfv...
3,212,635,539,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many pattern recognition problems deal with complex objects that consist of parts: images displaying several objects, documents with different paragraphs, proteins with various amino acid subsequences. The success of supervised learning techniques forces such complex objects to be represented a...
3,212,635,539,575
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{berd:sec:intro} The key question in investment management is to understand the sources of investment returns. Without such understanding, it is virtually impossible to succeed in managing money. In this article, we explore, using an empirical model of hedge fund strategy returns, the impo...
3,212,635,539,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} My previous work \cite{Hua19} studied the dynamics of R\'enyi entanglement entropy $R_\alpha$ in local quantum circuits with charge conservation. Initializing the system in a random product state, it was proved that $R_\alpha$ with R\'enyi index $\alpha>1$ grows no faster than ``diffusively'' (u...
3,212,635,539,577
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Photometric redshifts will be one of the key ingredients for us to improve our understanding of the Universe in the decade to come. Up to date, galaxy large scale structure surveys relied mainly on spectroscopic redshifts to produce high precision power spectrum measurements of the galaxy d...
3,212,635,539,578
arxiv
\subsubsection*{Natural units} Natural units simplify particle physics considerably in relativistic quantum mechanics, since quantum mechanics introduces factors of $\hbar$ and special relativity introduces factors of $c$ which obfuscate equations. We can bypass this by using natural units where $\hbar = h/2\pi = 1$ (...
3,212,635,539,579
arxiv
\section{Measurement circuit effects} \label{sec:effects} Three-terminal devices are a powerful tool for studying electrical transport in nanoscale systems. Three-terminal devices have been used to split Cooper pairs\cite{Hofstetter2009, Herrmann2010, Schindele2012, Michalek2015}, characterize end-to-end state corr...
3,212,635,539,580
arxiv
\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@} \titleformat{\section} {\normalfont\Large\bfseries}{\thesection}{1em}{} \titleformat*{\subsection}{\Large\bfseries} \titleformat*{\subsubsection}{\large\bfseries} \titleformat*{\paragraph}{\large\bfseries} \titleformat*{\subparagraph}{\large\bfseries} \renewcommand{\@seccnt...
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arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Equivariant Hall algebras} We present a framework to apply techniques from motivic Hall algebras and Grothendieck rings of varieties in the presence of an action by an abelian variety. The idea is to incorporate the action as \emph{additional data} into the definition, making the Hall...
3,212,635,539,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Derivation of equations allowing for describing the evolution of the measurable (statistical expectation) values, which characterize a non-equilibrium state, remains one of the principal tasks of statistical physics. To get kinetic (or other irreversible) equations from underlying microscopic (r...
3,212,635,539,583
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} Decision-making under uncertainty is a domain with numerous important applications. Since these problems are intractable in general, special cases are of interest. In this paper, we examine the selection problem: given a set of items of unknown utility (but a distribution of wh...
3,212,635,539,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Observations reveal that $50\%$ to over $70\%$ of nearby disk galaxies host a bar \citep[e.g.][]{Eskridge2000, Aguerri2009,Nair2010, Masters2011} including our own Milky Way \citep{Binney1991,Weiland1994, Hammersley2001,Benjamin2005}. Bars are long-lived features with signific...
3,212,635,539,585
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} In this paper, we presented the first study that leveraged search history data for improving the task of person-job fit. Our approach developed a basic component based on BERT for capturing the semantic interaction between resumes and job descriptions. As the major technical contribution, we desi...
3,212,635,539,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we discuss stochastic, long term average optimal, or `ergodic' control problems on compact orientable manifolds. The theory about ergodic control theory in continuous spaces has been developed relatively recently; see works by Borkar and Gosh (e.g. \cite{borkar_ghosh_1988}) and the ...
3,212,635,539,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General Relativity (GR) has passed a plethora of tests in the Solar System~\cite{Will2014} and in binary pulsars~\cite{Stairs2003}, thus making Einstein's theory one of the most well-verified models in nature. However, these tests have only probed systems in which the gravitational field is ei...
3,212,635,539,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neural networks and, in particular, deep architectures, perform well on heterogeneous and complex tasks such as medical image analysis \cite{gridach2021pydinet,oksuz2020deep,avola2021multimodal}, person re-identification \cite{wu2020end,tang2020person,avola2020bodyprint} or emotion recognition \c...
3,212,635,539,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \emph{FFT-based methods.} A fast Fourier transform (FFT) based method has been introduced as an efficient algorithm for numerical homogenisation in 1994 by Moulinec and Suquet \cite{Moulinec1994FFT}. The method, that has application in multiscale problems, represents an alternative discretisatio...
3,212,635,539,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) \cite{Impagliazzo99:complexity} essentially suggests that the {\sc Satisfiability} problem does not admit an algorithm that is significantly faster than the straightforward brute force algorithm. The ETH has been widely used to obtain (conditional) lower ...
3,212,635,539,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The irregular and complex structure of the time series (ECG) of human heartbeat dynamics is an object of considerable clinical and research interest \cite{bassin}, \cite{ivanov1}, \cite{skinner1}. This structure is connected not only to the external and internal perturbations but also depends on ...
3,212,635,539,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sec:Introduction} Complete, long term numerical simulations of the inspiral, merger and ringdown of two black holes became possible a few years ago~\cite{2005PhRvL..95l1101P,Campanelli:2005dd,Baker:2005vv} and are now carried out by numerous groups; see \cite{Pretorius:2007nq,Centrella...
3,212,635,539,593
arxiv
\section{Appendix} \subsection{Perspective API Validation} As a sanity check of the scores obtained from this API, we focused on the largest seed dataset, i.e., the ICWSM 2018~\cite{founta2018large}, and cross-correlated the scores from the API models with the annotations assigned to the tweet of a user based on the...
3,212,635,539,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Toric rings of lattice polytopes are of particular interest in the area of combinatorial commutative algebra. Especially, the following three toric rings have been well studied: \begin{itemize} \item Hibi rings, which are toric rings arising from order polytopes...
3,212,635,539,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction and description of the results}\label{s1} Let $R$ be a commutative unital ring, $\sigma:R\to R$ an automorphism and $t\in R$. With the datum $(R,\sigma,t)$ one associates a {\em generalized Weyl algebra} $A=A(R,\sigma,t)$ of rank one defined as an $R$-algebra generated by elements $X$ and $Y$...
3,212,635,539,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There is a growing evidence that the infinite tower of vector mesons play an important role for the baryon structure and consequently for dense baryonic matter. From the theoretical point of view, there is a natural rationale for their role, both bottom-up and top-down. At very low energy, Quant...
3,212,635,539,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The recent advances of variational autoencoder(VAE) provide new unsupervised approaches to learn hidden structure of the data \cite{kingma:14:iclr}. The variational autoencoder is a powerful generative model which allows inference of the learned latent representation. However, t...
3,212,635,539,598
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Making decisions under uncertainty using decision theory requires that beliefs about uncertainties be represented by probabilities and preferences over outcomes be summarized by utilities. The latter is often accomplished by assessing a decision maker's utility function over a single attribute (...
3,212,635,539,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} NGC 7538 is a Galactic star forming region located at a distance of $2.65^{+0.12}_{-0.11}$ kpc \citep{Mosca09}. Multiple infrared sources were discovered in the vicinity by \cite{Wynn74}. The brightest of these, IRS~1, was recently resolved in the near-IR and mid-IR by \cite{...
3,212,635,539,600
arxiv
\section{Duality properties of the basic Fock space} Consider one set of odd $b$-operators as defined in \rl{104}. They satisfy the anticommutation relations \begin{eqnarray} &&[b^{\mu}, b^{\dag\nu}]_+=\eta^{\mu\nu},\nonumber\\ &&[b^{\mu}, b^{\nu}]_+=[b^{\dag\mu}, b^{\dag\nu}]_+=0, \e{a1} according to \...
3,212,635,539,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} When considering infectious disease outbreaks over a longer time horizon, waning of immunity, from disease exposure or vaccination, is known to play an important role. This has been considered in epidemic models for many years, and the most well-studied model is the SIRS (susce...
3,212,635,539,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Hot Jupiters are gas giants orbiting close to their parent stars. The large stellar EUV flux heats and ionizes the upper atmosphere of these planets, increasing the thermal energy to a value approaching the gravitational binding energy, leading to a region weakly bound to the planet. The resu...
3,212,635,539,603
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In the context of the hierarchical clustering scenarios for galaxy evolution, all galaxies in the present day are considered to acquire their masses by successive mergers of small building blocks of galaxies (e.g., White \& Frenk 1991). Indeed, most galaxies observed in high-redshift universe ar...
3,212,635,539,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The hot and dense QCD matter created in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) of Brookhaven National Laboratory reveals properties of a nearly perfect fluid of strongly interacting quarks and gluons~\cite{wp}. These properties include strong elliptical azimuthal emi...
3,212,635,539,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{s:introduction} \subsection{Background and Motivation} Over the past years, electric power systems (EPS) have diverged from a unidirectional generation and transmission model towards a more distributed architecture that supports traditional generation sources as well as distributed ener...