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3,212,635,539,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Most of the decidability results in computable set theory concern
one-sorted multi-level syllogistics, namely collections of formulae
admitting variables of one sort only, which range over the von Neumann
universe of sets (see \cite{CFO89,COO01} for a thorough account of the
state-of-art unt... |
3,212,635,539,307 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, $\mathcal{G}$ will denote a Grothendieck category. Examples of such categories will include: (1) the category $R\mbox{-}\mathsf{Mod}$ of (left) $R$-modules over an associatve ring $R$ with identity; (2) the category $\mathsf{Ch}(R)$ of chain complexes of $R$-modules; (3)... |
3,212,635,539,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Problems of diffraction by {\em infinitely thin open surfaces} play
central roles in a wide range of problems in science and engineering,
with important applications to antenna and radar design, electronics,
optics, etc. Like other wave scattering problems, open surface
problems can be treated by... |
3,212,635,539,309 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Tshishiku and Walsh \cite{TW} (with a correction in \cite{TW2}) showed the following topological characterization of the $1$-dimensional Sierpi\'nski Carpet: if we take a countable dense subset of the $2$-sphere and, for each point $p$ on this set, we take a quotient of the closed $2$-disk to t... |
3,212,635,539,310 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec1}
\subsection{Background}
(For notations and some definitions, please read the next section.)
Triangular polynomial maps are an important class of maps: they are the first nonlinear (nonaffine) polynomial automorphisms one comes up to, and they are a basic building block of m... |
3,212,635,539,311 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\gls{NE} problems arise in several network systems, where multiple selfish decision-makers, or agents, aim at optimizing their individual, yet inter-dependent, objective functions. Engineering applications include communication networks \cite{Palomar_Eldar_Facchinei_Pang_2009}, demand-side mana... |
3,212,635,539,312 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par While coarse--grained models are sufficient to describe the transport characteristics of many mesoscale and nanoscale systems, explicit electronic structure calculations are required to model realistic, sub--nanometer quantum devices. The most effective theoretical framework utilizes densi... |
3,212,635,539,313 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\begin{center}
{\Large\bf Non-commutative Euclidean and}\\
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\Large\bf Minkowski Structures}\\
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
\begin{center}
{\large A. Lorek, W. Weich and J. Wess}\\
\bigskip
Sektion Physik der Ludwig-Maximil... |
3,212,635,539,314 | arxiv | \section{I. The supersymmetric Casimir energy}\label{sec1}
In \cite{Assel:2014paa, Assel:2015nca} a new observable of $d=4$ superconformal field theories has been introduced:
the supersymmetric Casimir energy. This is defined by putting the theory on
certain curved backgrounds
$M_4=S^1_\beta\times M_3$, where $S^1... |
3,212,635,539,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Newton-Cartan gravity was originally formulated to put Newtonian gravity in a manifestly coordinate invariant form \cite{Cartan:1923zea}. In this formulation it is remarkably similar to general relativity and indeed it was later shown that a careful nonrelativistic limit of the Einstein equations... |
3,212,635,539,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Int}
\object{NRAO~150}, first catalogued by \citet[]{Pauliny66}, is nowadays one of the
strongest radio and mm AGN sources in
the northern sky \citep[e.g.][]{Terasranta05,Agudo:subm}.
The source has been monitored at cm and mm wavelengths for decades \citep[e.g.,
][ and references therei... |
3,212,635,539,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Probabilistic topic models (TMs) such as latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) have enjoyed success in text mining and analysis in an unsupervised manner \citep{lda} .
Typically, the goal of TMs is to infer per-document topic proportions, as well as a set of latent topics from the target corpus using... |
3,212,635,539,318 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{secInt}
Electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) is a possibility to explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) by electroweak physics. From an initially baryon-antibaryon-symmetric Universe, the nonzero BAU can be generated if the three Sakharov conditions are satisfied: B violation, C and... |
3,212,635,539,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two or more pathogens circulating in the same population of hosts can interact in various ways. One disease can, for instance, impart cross-immunity to the other, meaning that an individual infected with the first disease becomes partially or fully immune to infection with the second \cite{Cast... |
3,212,635,539,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} %
Our understanding of four-dimensional non-Abelian gauge theories such as QCD is limited by the fact that they are strongly coupled at low energies, making analytic insights difficult to obtain. For three-color QCD, the only known approach to computing generic observables ... |
3,212,635,539,321 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\em Quantum bosonic quadratic Hamiltonians}, or {\em bosonic Bogoliubov
Hamiltonians} are formally given by expressions of the
form
\begin{eqnarray}\label{exa}
\hat H&=&\sum h_{ij} \hat a_i^*\hat a_j +\12\sum g_{ij}\hat a_i^*\hat a_j^*+\12\sum \bar
g_{ij}\hat a_i\hat a_j+ c,
\end{eqn... |
3,212,635,539,322 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Models of image processing based on total variation flow $$\p_t u=div(\nabla u/|\nabla u|)$$ have been first introduced in by
Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi in \cite{ROF}, in order to perform edge preserving denoising. We refer the reader to the review paper \cite{CEPY} where many recent applications ... |
3,212,635,539,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Research on scene text spotting has achieved great process and been successfully applied in many fields such as finance, education, transportation, \textit{etc}. The traditional process of text spotting is usually divided into two sub-tasks: text detection~\cite{zhou2017east,baek2019character,Wa... |
3,212,635,539,324 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been known that
there is a significant difference between the parton distributions
of free nucleons and nucleons in a nucleus, since the famous EMC experiment
\cite{emc}.
The EMC-effect can be explained if the momentum distribution of
valence quarks is slightly shifted towards smaller valu... |
3,212,635,539,325 | arxiv | \section{}
\noindent \textbf{{Introduction.}} Tsunamis are among the most destructive natural disasters for human coastal settlements. While events generated by earthquakes have been extensively studied \cite{1996_tadepalli,2006_kanoglu,2006_synolakis,2011_dutykh}, several past or potential occurrences of high amplit... |
3,212,635,539,326 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
A Riemannian almost product manifold $(M, P, g)$ is a
differentiable manifold $M$ with an almost product structure $P$
and a Riemannian metric $g$ such that $P^2x = x$ and $g(Px, Py) =
g(x, y)$ for any tangent vectors $x$ and $y$.
K. Yano initiated in \cite{Ya} the study of Riemannian almost
p... |
3,212,635,539,327 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Quantum interference occurs only when no information to distinguish between the superposed states is knowable\cite{RevModPhys.71.S274}. Well-known examples of quantum interference with photons include double-slit interference of a single photon\cite{grangier1986experimental} and Hong-Ou-Mandel i... |
3,212,635,539,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \lb{int}}
The study of random hetero-polymers is regarded as a natural first step
towards a better understanding of the physics of proteins \cite{Cr}. The
latter are believed to be {\em special} realisations of random
hetero-polymers which have been selected by nature; before tackling these
a-typ... |
3,212,635,539,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\small
\bibliographystyle{named}
\section{Cross Dataset Experiments}
We conduct the experiments to investigate the transfer capacity by evaluating the model trained on Kinetics-100 on SthV2 and vice versa. The performance is reported in Tab.~\ref{tab:transfer}. From the table, we fi... |
3,212,635,539,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The weak decay \ensuremath{\tau^-\to\pi^-\eta\nu_\tau}, an example of ``second class current'' decays
introduced by Weinberg~\cite{ref:weinberg}, may
soon be observed or tightly bounded by the B~factories. This isospin-
and G parity-violating decay is suppressed by the small value of
$(m_d - m_u... |
3,212,635,539,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We study the steady Prandtl equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq:SP}
\left\{
\begin{aligned}
&u\pa_x u +v\pa_{y}u-\pa_{y}^2u=\f {dp} {dx},\quad (x, y)\in \mathbf R_+\times \mathbf R_+,\\
&\pa_xu+\pa_y v=0,\\&u|_{x=0}=u_0(y),\quad u|_{y=0}=v|_{y=0}=0,\\
& \displaystyle\lim_{y\to+\inf... |
3,212,635,539,332 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In recent years, the study of Legendrian knots in contact manifolds besides the standard $\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}^3$ has attracted increasing attention. One thread of this research has investigated the geography of Legendrian knots in rational homology $3$-spheres, while anoth... |
3,212,635,539,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{section: Section1}
\subsection{Context and contributions}
In the last few years, technological advances such as miniaturization of microprocessors and energy-efficient batteries have increasingly enabled the usage of wearable, physiological sensors for ambulant health monitoring. Many ap... |
3,212,635,539,334 | arxiv | \section{An approximation result}
We begin by stating the main result of this part:
\begin{thm}\label{thm_rat}
Let $f(x,y)\in \overline\mathbb{Q} \lg x\rangle[y]^p$ and let us consider a solution $y(x)\in\mathbb{C} \lg x\rangle^m$ of $$f(x,y(x))=0.$$
Then there exist a new set of indeterminates $t=(t_1,\ldots,t_r)$, a ... |
3,212,635,539,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Searches for new particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) at the LHC are difficult if light new particles have small production cross sections, and heavy new particles with larger production cross sections undergo dominantly cascade decays. This can be the case for supersymmetric extensions of t... |
3,212,635,539,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The topological susceptibility
is a crucial probe in studying the QCD $\theta$ vacuum structure and the axial anomaly.
It is also important for QCD axion,
which is postulated as an elegant solution
to so-called the strong CP problem.
In particular, when the QCD axion
potential and mass are... |
3,212,635,539,337 | arxiv | \subsection{0pt}{9pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{0pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\renewcommand\theadalign{bc}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\bfseries}
\renewcommand\theadgape{\Gape[4pt]}
\renewcommand\cellgape{\Gape[4pt]}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{hhline}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\newcommand{\reduce}[1]{\textcolor{orange}{#1}}
\ne... |
3,212,635,539,338 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The \texttt{iopart-num} Bib\TeX{} style is intended for use in
preparing manuscripts for Institute of Physics Publishing journals,
including Journal of Physics. It provides numeric citation with
Harvard-like formatting, based upon the specification in ``How to
prepare and submit an article for ... |
3,212,635,539,339 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sI}
\smallskip
This paper deals with super critical geometric optics to highlight the maximal regularizing effect for nonlinear multidimensional scalar
conservation laws. This effect is studied in Sobolev spaces by P.L. Lions, B. Perthame and E. Tadmor in \cite{LPT}.
They obt... |
3,212,635,539,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmological observations expose our limited knowledge of the Universe, namely that the standard cosmological model proposes that around 85\% of the matter of the Universe is made up of hypothetical Dark Matter (DM), of which we have little to no knowledge. There are many models attempting to ac... |
3,212,635,539,341 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Strategies for locomotion in nature are extremely diverse, ranging from walking to crawling, flying and swimming. However, at the core, the net displacement is always the result of the interaction between different internal body parts and the environment.
A great example t... |
3,212,635,539,342 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder,
clinically characterized by the accumulation of extracellular
amyloid deposits composed of amyloid $\beta$-protein
(A$\beta$), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and
neuronal loss. Recent research supports the hypothesis that
cerebr... |
3,212,635,539,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Let $U$, $V$, and~$W$ be complex vector spaces of dimension $m$, $n$, and~$k$
respectively, and let
$x$ be an element in the tensor product of of their duals, $U^* \otimes V^*
\otimes W^*$.
The \defi{border rank} of $x$ is the minimal
$r$ such that the corresponding point
$[x] \i... |
3,212,635,539,344 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Casimir effect \cite{Cas1,Cas2} is a macroscopic effect of quantum field theory,
which is caused by the polarization of the vacuum owing to the
presence of material boundaries of a quantization volume, see review
in Ref.\cite{Bor}. The effect has been confirmed experimentally
with a... |
3,212,635,539,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent observational data strongly suggest the existence of dark matter (DM) \cite{WMAP-7}.
One of a few remaining DM candidates compatible with the Standard Model (SM) are primordial black holes (PBH) \cite{Frampton}.
These black holes were formed in the early Universe during gravitational col... |
3,212,635,539,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy mergers are of fundamental importance in the formation and
evolution of galaxies, especially in the $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM)
cosmology where structure grows hierarchically
\citep[e.g.][]{white_core_1978}. Mergers have an important effect in the
mass assembly of galaxies ... |
3,212,635,539,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The primary objective of the LHC is to elucidate the mechanism responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking. In the context of the Standard Model (SM) the assumption of one doublet of scalar fields gives rise to a scalar particle known as the Higgs boson.\cite{peter_higgs,cs_lhc} The Higgs mas... |
3,212,635,539,348 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\hspace*{2em}
Radiative quarkonium decay has been experimentally studied both
exclusively and inclusively. It is a particularly auspicious reaction
for producing glueball resonances, as is evident from
Fig. \ref{VR.ps}. In exclusive channels such as $J/\Psi \rightarrow
\gamma ... |
3,212,635,539,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $k$ be a field, and $A$ a commutative ring of
finite type over $k$. As is well-known, the category of $A$-modules is
corresponding to the category of quasi-coherent sheaves over $\mathrm{Spec}\, A$.
For a finitely generated commutative graded algebra $A = \oplus_{n \ge
0}A_n$ over $k$, where... |
3,212,635,539,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\nocite{*}
Binary string of prime occurrences is a binary sequence where consecutive positions correspond to natural numbers, and non-zero entries occur in positions of prime numbers (e.g. $01101\ldots$ denotes first three primes: $2, 3, 5$). It is a very simple method of representing positions ... |
3,212,635,539,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ratchets are periodic structures with broken spatial symmetry.
A directed motion of particles is possible in these systems if they are driven out of thermal equilibrium even in the absence of an averaged force. Ratchets can be realized in various condense matter, biological and chemical syst... |
3,212,635,539,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
\IEEEPARstart{F}{acial} Behavior Analysis has been growing area of interest in computer vision and affective computing, which has great potential for many applications in human computer interaction, sociable robots, autonomous-driving cars, etc. It was shown that only... |
3,212,635,539,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rich clusters of galaxies can be identified to high redshift and can thus be
used as tracers of the evolution of structure. Moreover, as clusters
represent the extreme tail of the fluctuation spectrum they provide a
particularly sensitive probe of the form of the primordial power spectrum.
... |
3,212,635,539,354 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intr}
The ability of nanoheterostructures to selectively transmit and convert wave signals of different physical nature makes it possible to create high-speed and high-frequency devices for optoelectronics, acoustoelectronics, information transmission systems, laser technology, etc. In rece... |
3,212,635,539,355 | arxiv | \section{Discussion and Future Work}
In this paper, a pipeline to extract root structures from MRI images containing noise and disconnected structures has been presented. The pipeline takes a two-stage approach to first reduce noise and connect disconnected areas, followed by curve skeletonization to extract a root sk... |
3,212,635,539,356 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Much of the literature on the evaluation of treatment effects
has concentrated on the paradigmatic ``binary/binary'' example, in which both treatment and instrument only take two values.
Multivalued treatments are
common in actual policy implementations, however; and multivalued instrum... |
3,212,635,539,357 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
In \cite{Xu98, Xu01} the author found connections between even orthogonal polynomials on the ball and simplex polynomials in $d$ variables.
Following \cite[section 4]{Xu01}, let
\begin{align*}
W^\mathbf{B}(x_1,x_2,\ldots, x_d)= W(x_1^2,x_2^2, \ldots, x_d^2)
\end{align*}
be a weight function defi... |
3,212,635,539,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The issue of magnetism in graphene and related materials-including graphene
multilayers, graphite,nanocarbons and others-has been the focus of intense
research in the last years, both from the experimental and the theoretical
points of view \cite{helm,yazyev2,oeiras,esquinaz,monbru}. The onset o... |
3,212,635,539,359 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The axion is the Nambu-Goldstone boson of the broken chiral global U(1) symmetry introduced by Peccei and Quinn twenty years ago~\cite{pq} to dynamically solve the, so called, ``strong CP problem" of QCD. This prompted many theoretical investigations and experimental searches.
The axion-photon ... |
3,212,635,539,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In a number of recent investigations of the phase diagrams of nematic
liquid-crystalline systems, with a view to characterizing biaxial nematic
structures, we have introduced some simple lattice models with Maier-Saupe
pair interactions \cite{CLS2010, CVS2011, LSY2011, NHVS2015}. We claim t... |
3,212,635,539,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The triaxial deformation of atomic nuclei has been one of
the long standing issues in nuclear structure physics.
If not going back to the Davydov-Phillipov model~\cite{DF58},
the triaxial rotor model is very useful to study
the spectra of odd transitional nuclei~\cite{Mey75}.
M... |
3,212,635,539,362 | arxiv | \subsection{2. Energy gap}
Further evidences of continuous phase transition can be obtained
by DMRG calculations for larger system sizes.
Here we define two different energy gaps.
First, the energy difference
between the ground state and lowest excited state with the same quantum numbers $N^e,I^z$:
$\Delta_N=E_1(N^e=L,... |
3,212,635,539,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1967, Bjarni J\'{o}nsson~\cite{jonsson} proved that a variety $\vr v$ is
congruence distributive~(CD) if and only if it has, for some $n$, a sequence
of terms $J_0(x,y,z)$, $\dots$, $J_n(x,y,z)$ satisfying a certain system of
equations, namely, $J_0(x,y,z)=x$, $J_n(x,y,z)=z$, $J_i(x,y,x)=x... |
3,212,635,539,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ever increasing availability of scientific data necessitates development of mathematical
algorithms and computational tools that yield testable predictions or give mechanistic insights into
model systems underlying the data. The utility of these algorithms is determined by the validity of
th... |
3,212,635,539,365 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Subspace learning is used as a dimensionality reduction technique in a
variety of applications such as face recognition, image compression,
document and signal classification. In some cases, the access to
instances is limited by the nature of the problem. For example, if
... |
3,212,635,539,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a given query $q$, the classical problem in information retrieval (IR) is to learn a function $f$ that maps $q$ to one (or few) of an extensive set (often hundreds of millions) of discrete item sets. Most practical applications in IR have data with only the query-item relevance (like the cla... |
3,212,635,539,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is clear by now that HTS have many non-conventional physical properties,
and they are the reason why the fundamental interaction is yet to be discovered. In some cases it is
possible that these unusual properties result from the variation in the average density of
holes (or charge carriers... |
3,212,635,539,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most fundamental data processing tasks is clustering.
Here, one is given a collection of objects, a notion of similarity between those objects, and a clustering objective that scores any given partition according to how well it clusters similar objects together.
The goal is then to pa... |
3,212,635,539,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of varieties for modules of a finite group $G$ began with
the groundbreaking work of Quillen \cite{Q}, a stratification of the maximal
ideal spectrum of the cohomology ring of $G$ into pieces indexed by
elementary abelian subgroups. This idea was taken further by
Avrunin and Scott \c... |
3,212,635,539,370 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION }
\label{sec:intro}
The highly redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen gas encodes the perturbation statistics of hyperfine states of neutral hydrogen gas, which trace the conditions of the radiation fields permeating the early universe. Measurements of this signal are therefore a promising ... |
3,212,635,539,371 | arxiv | \subsection*{\contentsname}\vspace{-2mm}\@starttoc{toc}}
\usepackage[nosort]{cite}
\usepackage[parsep]{collref}
\def \bea {\begin{eqnarray}}
\def \eea {\end{eqnarray}}
\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\langle{#1}|}
\newcommand{\ket}[1]{|{#1}\rangle}
\newcommand{\nn}{\nonumber}
\newcommand{\3}{$AdS_... |
3,212,635,539,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The presence of dust seems to be a ubiquitous property of galaxies
throughout the observable universe. Even the most distant quasars at
$z\sim6$ show evidence for copious amounts of dust
\citep[e.g.][]{ber03a,bee06,wan08a,lei10a}.
This indicates rapid metal enrichment of the interstellar medium... |
3,212,635,539,373 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In a recent note by one of us\cite{Gib99} it was shown, by using an old result of Lichnerowicz,
that the
only positive definite (Riemannian, often called Euclidean)4-metrics for which the integrated two loop counterterms of pure Einstein gravity vanish are flat.
This is in contrast with Lorentz... |
3,212,635,539,374 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
Let us remind some notions and results from the loop theory, which
can be found in \cite{Br58} (see, also \cite{Bel},
\cite{Smith}).\vspace*{0.1cm}
A \textit{quasigroup} is a non-empty set $Q$ together with a
binary operation $Q \times Q \rightarrow Q; (x, y) \rightarrow xy$
such that ... |
3,212,635,539,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Large-scale Multi-label Text Classification (\textsc{lmtc}\xspace) is the task of assigning a subset of labels from a large predefined set (typically thousands) to a given document. \textsc{lmtc}\xspace has a wide range of applications in Natural Language Processing (\textsc{nlp}\xspace), such as... |
3,212,635,539,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper is concerned with the development and use of specially designed
random fields on a physical domain $D\subseteq\mathbb{R}^d$,
where $d=1$, $2$, or $3$. For simplicity we assume that the boundary $\partial
D$ is Lipschitz.
Many studies in uncertainty quantification are modeled by PDEs... |
3,212,635,539,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
Localizing and segmenting objects in an image is a fundamental problem in computer vision since it facilitates many high level vision tasks such as object recognition, action recognition~\cite{Yang2010}, natural language description of images~\cite{Karpathy14} to name a few. Thus, ... |
3,212,635,539,378 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) release a large amount of energy ($10^{49}-10^{54}$ erg) in a very short time, known as prompt emission\citep{klebesadel1973observations, Costa:1997obd, Frontera:1997ae, 1997Natur.386..686V, Kulkarni:1999aa}. Thus they are the most powerful explosions in the Universe. GR... |
3,212,635,539,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
The study of embeddings of manifolds has a long and
fascinating history. Many important techniques
essential for the study of geometric topology
originated from the study embeddings of manifolds.
To name a few, (1) H. Whiteny's famous trick~\cite{Wh} was discovered by... |
3,212,635,539,380 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ratio of baryon-number to photon-number densities in our universe has been established
via Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) \cite{Weinberg:1977ji,Steigman:2007xt,Fields:2010zz} and
WMAP \cite{Komatsu:2010fb,Fixsen:2009ug} to be
\begin{equation}
\eta \;=\; \dfrac{n_B}{n_\gamma} \;\approx\; 6\t... |
3,212,635,539,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\par}
Heusler alloys \cite{Heusler1903} are a large class of naturally occurring \cite{JSSChem43p354y1982} and manufactured \cite{HeuslerAlloys2016} ternary intermetallic compounds with L2$_{1}$ full Heusler (fH) or C1$_{b}$ half-Heusler (hH) structure (sometimes called semi-Heusler), which can... |
3,212,635,539,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be a rational function of one complex variable of degree at least two, and $z_0$ its repelling fixed point
with the multiplier $\lambda.$
We recall that a {\it Poincar\'e function} $\EuScript P_{A,z_0,\lambda}$ associated with $z_0$ is a function meromorphic on $\C$ such that
$\EuScript... |
3,212,635,539,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In nowadays data-focused period, there are still many engineering problems that require the design of state observers in the traditional sense \cite{Gildas2007}, namely those which are based on knowledge-driven models. Indeed, data-driven models only involve those variables for which sensors are ... |
3,212,635,539,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\lambda=(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots,\lambda_m)$ and
$\mu=(\mu_1,\mu_2,\dots,\mu_n)$ be integer partitions, that is, weakly
decreasing finite sequences of positive integers. Their distance
$d(\lambda,\mu)$ is the distance that is induced from the Hasse diagram
of Young's lattice when all edges... |
3,212,635,539,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Boolean functions on the space $\f{2}^m$ are not only important in the
theory of error-correcting codes, but also in cryptography, where they
occur in stream ciphers or private key systems.
In both cases, the properties of systems depend on
the nonlinearity of a Boolean
function.
The nonlin... |
3,212,635,539,386 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Quipper \cite{GLRSV2013-rc,GLRSV2013-pldi} is a functional programming
language for designing quantum circuits. It shares many properties
with hardware description languages. For example, Quipper
distinguishes two kinds of runtime: (i) Circuit generation time. This
is when a quantum circuit... |
3,212,635,539,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
The transport of flexible biological or man made fibers by a flow and their deformation is of interest in view of their potential
applications in many different industrial fields. A first example is the paper industry in which the orientation and spatial distributions of th... |
3,212,635,539,388 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $\{0,1\}^\omega$ denote the Cantor set of all infinite binary sequences. A homeomorphism of $\{0,1\}^\omega$ is said to be \newword{rational} if there exists an asynchronous transducer (i.e.~an asynchronous Mealy machine) that implements the homeomorphism on infinite binary strings. In~\c... |
3,212,635,539,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Cosmic rays (CRs) are widely believed to be accelerated in collisionless shock waves in various systems \citep[see e.g.][]{Blandford87, Axford94}. In particular,
supernova remnant (SNR) shocks propagating subrelativistically are thought to accelerate protons up to $\sim 10^... |
3,212,635,539,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Executive Summary}
Quantum field theory is the fundamental mathematical structure describing the world.
Not surprisingly, its power and generality leads to overwhelming mathematical challenges in its application to the
real world, i.e., in non-idealized situations. A primary source of comp... |
3,212,635,539,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and related works}
\label{sec:introduction}
Softness is arguably one of the greatest gifts of mother nature.
Every living creature on Earth possesses a body that is mostly made of soft tissues.
Soft bodies can continuously bend, stretch, and twist, achieving adaptation to the environment; evolutio... |
3,212,635,539,392 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entanglement is a fundamental notion of quantum theory, having no
classical counterpart. A pure state of two quantum systems is
called entangled if it is not a product of a state for one system
and a state for another. This definition is similar to the
definition of statistical dependence in the ... |
3,212,635,539,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nonequilibrium quantum open system involves understanding the quantum fluctuation and dissipation processes arising from the interaction between the open system and its surrounding environment \cite{CH}. Most researches on nonequilibrium dynamics have been focused on ambient noises from a single... |
3,212,635,539,394 | arxiv |
\subsection{Learning Conditional Min-Entropy}
The most important consideration in the process of describing how to
extract the key from the physical measurements performed by Alice
and Bob is determining the amount of uncertainty that exists in the
measurements conditioned on the view of the adversary -- if no
suffi... |
3,212,635,539,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Flares are the most dramatic energy release events that cool stars will experience while on the main sequence. They occur as a result of magnetic reconnection, which involves non-linearities in magnetic field and plasma coupling. Stellar flares are one manifestation of magnetic... |
3,212,635,539,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Detection of edges, that is, points in a digital image at which the image intensity
changes sharply is one of the most often performed steps in image
processing. Ideally, the algorithm employed for solving this problem should provide a set of connected curves that indicate the edges of objects.
... |
3,212,635,539,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{TEX/1_intro.tex}
\section{Related Work}~\label{related}
\input{TEX/2_related.tex}
\section{Proposed Method}\label{method}
\input{TEX/3_method.tex}
\section{Experiments}\label{exp}
\input{TEX/4_experiment.tex}
\section{Conclusion}
\input{TEX/5_conclusion.tex}
\section*{Appendix}
\section{A... |
3,212,635,539,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\begin{figure*}[t!]
\centering
\vskip -.6375in
\includegraphics[scale=.61, viewport=0 0 720 306]{example.pdf}
\vskip -.2in
\caption{
A motivating example taken from a biomedical study~\citep{takeuchi2009potential}.
%
The four-dimensional sequence indicates the results o... |
3,212,635,539,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Deep visuomotor policies that map from pixels to actions end-to-end can represent complex manipulation skills \cite{levine_finn_2016}, but have shown to be sensitive to the choice of action space \cite{martin2019iros} -- e.g., Cartesian end effector actions (i.e. task space \cite{berenson2011tas... |
3,212,635,539,400 | arxiv | \section{Motivation and results}
\label{sec1}
A hidden Lie-algebraic structure of certain Hamiltonians allows one
to generate quasi-exactly solvable (QES) spectral
problems~\cite{a1}--\cite{a4} with quantized cohomology parameters,
determining a part of the spectrum which is tractable algebraically.
Several $... |
3,212,635,539,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An understanding of the structure of our universe
is an intriguing topic of research in our Millennium, which combines the
efforts of physicists working in different fields of astrophysics,
cosmology and heavy-ion physics \citep{Proceedings:2019wjy}. The common theoretical efforts and
modern ach... |
3,212,635,539,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{An overview for the reader}
In 1948, H. Hopf \cite{HOPF} gave the first examples of compact complex manifolds which are non-K\"{a}hler by showing that $S^{1} \times S^{2m+1}$ admits a complex structure for any positive integer $m$. These structures are obtained from the quotient of $... |
3,212,635,539,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{chap:introduction}
The mechanism of intelligent decision making is a central, frequently discussed problem in cognitive science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. \textcolor{black}{In particular, goal-directed planning, i.e., how to adaptively generate plans to achieve a non-fixed... |
3,212,635,539,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
At present, General Relativity (GR) is considered the best accepted fundamental theory describing gravity. GR is described in terms of the Levi-Civita connection, which is the basis of Riemannian geometry with the Ricci curvature scalar $R$. But GR can be described in terms
of different geomet... |
3,212,635,539,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The quest for an efficient managing and control of heat at the nanoscale~\cite{hanggi2009,benenti2017,pekola2019} has boosted, in the last years, theoretical and experimental investigations of quantum heat engines~\cite{anders2016,goold2016,binder2019}. In essence, a thermal machine consists of... |
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