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3,212,635,539,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a semantic representation language designed to capture the meaning
of a whole sentence \cite{banarescu2013abstract}. AMR got the attention of the scientific community due to
its relatively simpler structure, showing the relations among concepts and ma... |
3,212,635,539,607 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}\end{small}}
\shorttitle{Dust-to-Gas Fluctuations \&\ Metal Stars}
\shortauthors{Hopkins}
\slugcomment{Submitted to ApJ, July, 2014}
\begin{document}
\title{\vspace{-1.0cm}Some Stars are Totally Metal: A New Mechanism Driving Dust Across Star-Forming Clouds, and Consequences for Planets, Star... |
3,212,635,539,608 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Electrical spin injection and detection in non-local lateral spin valves have been used extensively to study pure spin currents in non-magnetic (NM) materials \cite{johnson_interfacial_1985,jedema_electrical_2001,jedema_electrical_2002-1,jedema_spin_2003,valenzuela_spin-polarized_2004,kimura_... |
3,212,635,539,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Prominent nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are found in $\sim$75\% of
late-type spiral galaxies \citep{boker02} and early-type galaxies
\citep[][]{cote06}. These NSCs are intrinsically very luminous, with
typical $M_I \sim -12$, and sizes similar to globular clusters
\citep[$r_{eff} \sim 5$pc;][]{b... |
3,212,635,539,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
The firewall phenomenon~\cite{Almheiri:2012rt} has reignited interest in the
information paradox. Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski and Sully (AMPS) have argued
that the postulates of black hole complementarity as stated in
\cite{Susskind:1993if,Susskind:1993mu} (including an implicit as... |
3,212,635,539,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The growing body of evidence against rapid spontaneous magnetic-field decay
in neutron stars (Kulkarni 1986; Verbunt, Wijers, \& Burm 1990;
Bhattacharya et~al.\ 1992)\nocite{kulka:86,vwb:90,bwhv:92} has led to
the hypothesis that pulsar magnetic fields are lowered by recycling ... |
3,212,635,539,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec.intro}
A significant research effort is focusing on the
characteristics, features, and challenges of High Performance
Computing (HPC) systems capable of reaching the Exaflop performance
mark~\cite{IESP-Exascale,DARPA}. The portrayed Exascale systems will
necessitate billion way parall... |
3,212,635,539,613 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{ntegration} of data from Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors has been well-studied~\cite{Groves2008, Grigore2014, Barrile2014} in order to improve
upon the robustness of the individual sensors against a number of problems related to accurac... |
3,212,635,539,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
Time delay is an important concept in scattering theory. In the simplest situations it expresses the excess time that scattered particles spend in the scattering region when compared to free particles subject to the same initial conditions. A positive time delay means that pa... |
3,212,635,539,615 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
In a brain manifesting slow-wave activity (SWA), expressed in the cerebral cortex under NREM sleep and deep anesthesia \citep{Steriade1993:SlowOscillations}, the spiking activity -- both single and multi-unit activity (SUA and MUA respectively) -- appears as a regular sequence ... |
3,212,635,539,616 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-native plants, fungus or animal species that out-compete native species often cause severe economic and ecological damage to our planet. With increasing globalization through trade and travel routes, humankind has created opportunities for invasive species to establish themselves in new regi... |
3,212,635,539,617 | arxiv | \section{Visualizing velocities and occupancies}
\label{app:colorwheel}
\noindent Fig.~\ref{fig:hsv-colorwheel} shows how we visualize 2D velocities and occupancies (both ground truth and estimated velocities and occupancies). The visualization of an example ground truth grid is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:hsv-colorwheel}c... |
3,212,635,539,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetry (SUSY) provides one of the most attractive candidates for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) anticipated at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The Minimal SUSY SM (MSSM), in particular, offers a rich spectrum of novel super-particles (sparticles) which,
if relevant to LHC phenom... |
3,212,635,539,619 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Zero-sum stochastic games were introduced by Shapley \cite{SH53}. In this model, two players repeatedly play a zero-sum game, that depends on an endogenous variable called \textit{state of nature}. At each stage, players choose a pair of actions. Actions and the current state determine both the ... |
3,212,635,539,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-0.1 in}
Federated learning (FL), a communication-efficient and privacy-preserving alternative to training on centrally aggregated data, relies on collaboration between clients who own local data to train a global machine learning model. A central server coordinates the training without ... |
3,212,635,539,621 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Accurate studies of large-scale cosmic structures and galaxy
clustering became possible with the advent of large galaxy redshift
surveys \citep{guzzo05,meneux09}. Different analyses have been carried
out depending on galaxy luminosity, color and morphology
\citep{... |
3,212,635,539,622 | arxiv |
\section{The NightSkyUAP Dataset}\label{sec:dataset}
The NightSkyUAP dataset provides a publicly available source of both meteor and non-meteor video data for classification, motion prediction, unsupervised clustering, and anomaly detection. The dataset consists of 20,000 H.264 encoded color videos of phenomena inside... |
3,212,635,539,623 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{Intro}
In spintronics the intrinsic angular momentum of the electron (spin) is used to develop new or improved electronic components. In the spin-transfer torque (STT) mechanism proposed by Slonczewski and Berger in 1996 \cite{Slon_STT, Berger_STT}, a spin polarized charge current entering... |
3,212,635,539,624 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{SC:1}}
Inspiraling binaries are one of the most promising sources for the first detection of gravitational waves (GW). The post Newtonian approximation methods accurately describe the phasing of the waveform - about a cycle in a wave train $\sim 10^4$ cycles long. This makes it amenable ... |
3,212,635,539,625 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
\begin{document}
\title{\bf Anisotropic Dark Energy and the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics}
\author{M. Sharif \thanks {msharif.math@pu.edu.pk} and Farida
Khanum \thanks {faridakhanum.math@yahoo.com}\\
Department of Mathema... |
3,212,635,539,626 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
New and proposed experiments to study the cosmic-ray spectrum up to
$10^{20}$~eV and beyond
\cite{Abu-Zayyad97a,Boratav92a,Teshima97a,Ormes96a,Linsley97a,Linsley97b}
will depend for their interpretation on extrapolations of models of
hadronic interactions more than two orders of magnitude in ce... |
3,212,635,539,627 | arxiv | \subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{3}%
\mathfrak {z}@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{.1\linespacing}%
{\bfseries}}
\baselineskip=15.5pt
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Defin... |
3,212,635,539,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A quantum router, an important element of emerging quantum networks, can transmit a quantum signal from a singular input path to a coherent superposition of multiple output paths \cite{Lemr2013Resource, Bartkiewicz2014Using, yuan2015experimental, Bartkiewicz2018implementation, behera2019desi... |
3,212,635,539,629 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In modern scientific research, it has become routine to collect massive dimensional data for each study subject, leading to a massive $p$ small to moderate $n$ statistical problem. In most scientific studies collecting high-dimensional data, the over-arching interest is not in developing a blac... |
3,212,635,539,630 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{F}{uzzy} systems have been successfully applied in many areas, such as control engineering \cite{1975MamdaniAn,1985TakagiFuzzy,1986SugenoFuzzy,2001PalIntegrated} and pattern recognition \cite{2004PalA,2012PalAnIntegrated,2018PalFeature,2019GaoConjugate,2020WuOpt... |
3,212,635,539,631 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
An important part of the calculations of radiative corrections in the Standard
model is a gauge invariant renormalization procedure.
The dimensional regularization which is mainly used for practical
calculations does not preserve chiral gauge invariance as
there is no self-consistent definition... |
3,212,635,539,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a given Riemannian manifold $(M^n,g)$, the holonomy group $Hol(M,g)$of the metric $g$ contains fundamental geometric information. If the manifold is locally irreducible, which can always be assumed by the well-known
deRham splitting theorem, assuming that $Hol(M,g)$ is smaller that $SO(n)$ h... |
3,212,635,539,633 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Hermitian systems have intriguing physics and applications beyond Hermitian systems \cite{Bender1998,LFeng2017,El-Ganainy2018,Miri2019}. Recently, the topological phases in noninteracting non-Hermitian systems have been widely studied \cite{Rudner2009,Zeuner2015,Esaki2011,YHu2011,BZhu2014,Mal... |
3,212,635,539,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When analyzing the extreme value behavior of serial data, it is usually assumed that the underlying time series is stationary or, somewhat weaker, that its extreme value behavior does not change over time, an assumption which is not always guaranteed to be fulfilled. The most obvious examples of... |
3,212,635,539,635 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is now possible to wind pancake coils from long lengths of
high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape \cite{Polak06,Grilli07}. To date there
have been no theoretical calculations of the losses in this difficult geometry other
than those using a variational approach \cite{Claassen06} or via n... |
3,212,635,539,636 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovered Higgs state at the LHC has properties of an isospin doublet field.
Although many new physics scenarios can be embedded in such a structure, one of the simplest but important examples is a 2HDM which
naturally includes a neutral Higgs state that can play the role of the discover... |
3,212,635,539,637 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Prolongations of algebraic varieties over a differential field of characteristic 0 were introduced by
Buium~\cite{Bui92},
and have also been considered in more general contexts~\cite{BV95,BV96,Sca97,MPS}.
The purpose of this paper is to develop the basic theory of prolongations of algebraic
v... |
3,212,635,539,638 | arxiv | \section{Deterministic Rounding for Bicriteria Approximation}
\label{sec:bicriteria}
In this section we show how to get our bicriteria approximation algorithm.
\begin{proof}{\bf of Theorem~\ref{thm:bicriteria-approx}}
We solve LP relaxation $ClusterLP(\{w_j\}, \{\Delta_{z_{\boldsymbol{g}}}(u)\}_{u\in P}, 2)$ and then ... |
3,212,635,539,639 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Solar energetic particles are one manifestation of violent energy
releases on the Sun. It is widely accepted that SEP events can be
divided into two classes: impulsive and gradual (Cane et al.
\cite{Cane86}; Kallenrode et al. \cite{Kallenrode92}). The
impulsive SEPs are accelerated in flares, whi... |
3,212,635,539,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro
Within the framework of the standard electro-weak model (SM), the
complex Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix is the origin for CP
violation~\cite{CKMref,Amsler:2008zzb,Buras:2005xt}. It
explains all the current laboratory data, but it is not sufficient to
generate the matter-... |
3,212,635,539,641 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank A. Veps\"{a}l\"{a}inen for stimulating discussions. This work has been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (694248). The experimental work was carried out in the Low Temperature Laboratory, which is a part of the OtaNano research infrast... |
3,212,635,539,642 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, by April 2020, more than a fifth of the world’s population had already been under some kind of lock-down \cite{lockdownnews}. This type of measure places a burden on mental health; specially, among those who experienced isolation or quarantine \cite{H... |
3,212,635,539,643 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Boosting refers to a type of classification and regression algorithms that enjoy large popularity due to their high predictive accuracy observed for a wide range of datasets \citep{chen2016xgboost}. The first boosting algorithms for classification, including the well known AdaBoost ... |
3,212,635,539,644 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The calculation of vibrational properties of solids, surfaces, and
nanocrystals plays an important role in the structural
characterization of matter. Besides the possibility to compare the
vibrational frequencies with experimental data, phonon modes can be
used also to determine the ... |
3,212,635,539,645 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, rational difference equations have attracted the attention of many researchers for varied reasons. On the one hand, they provide examples of non-linear equations which are, in some cases, treatable but whose dynamics present some new features with respect to the linear case. On... |
3,212,635,539,646 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The optical and UV emission of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs)
is dominated by a
quasi-thermal component, the ``Big Blue Bump" (Shields 1978, Malkan \& Sargent
1982, Malkan 1983). The Big Blue Bump is usually interpreted as
thermal emission from a geometrically
thin, optically thick... |
3,212,635,539,647 | arxiv | \section{Summary of results}
\label{Sec:Summary}
In this paper, we characterise the statistics of the
energy levels of excitation in a disordered system of a finite volume $V$ by the correlation function
\begin{equation}
R_{2}\left(\omega\right)=
{\left\langle \nu\left(E+\frac{\omega}{2}\right)\nu\left(E-\frac{\ome... |
3,212,635,539,648 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Bochner square-integrable random variables taking values in separable Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{X}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ respectively.
We aim to solve the following \emph{regression problem}:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:regression_problem}
\tag{RP}
... |
3,212,635,539,649 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High energy heavy ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to explore in laboratory the behavior of hot and dense nuclear matter. Comparing the experimental data with different theoretical models, such as, for example, fluid-dynamical models, it is possible to study fundamental aspects of n... |
3,212,635,539,650 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This note is concerned with almost-minimizers of the classical one-phase (Bernoulli) energy functional,
\begin{equation}\label{J}
J(u, \Omega):= \int_{\Omega} (|\nabla u|^2 + \chi_{\{u>0\}}) \ dx,
\end{equation}
with $\Omega$ a bounded domain in $\mathbb R^n$ and $u \geq 0.$
Minimizers of $J$ we... |
3,212,635,539,651 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions} \label{conclusion}
In this paper fusion of ESM and kinematic data was discussed along with proposal for a general architecture for classification and identification of ESM data. In order to comply with the requirements of R\&I standards like STANAG $4162$, a hierarchical system design was propose... |
3,212,635,539,652 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
$A_{\infty}$ algebras (or sha algebras) and $L_{\infty}$ (or sh Lie algebras) have been topics of current research. Construction of small examples of these algebras can play a role in gaining insight into deeper properties of these structures. These examples may prove useful in developing a d... |
3,212,635,539,653 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Long strings of connected molecules, called polymers, are central structures in life and physical sciences, as well as engineering. Prominent examples are DNA, proteins, polystyrene, and silicone. With regard to DNA, Fiers and Sinsheimer first showed that the DNA of a specific virus is a single-... |
3,212,635,539,654 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Sect: Intro}
The maximum likelihood estimation and least square method have been widely used. However, they are not robust against outliers. To overcome this problem, many robust methods have been proposed mainly using M-estimation \citep{hampel.etal.2005,maronna:martin:yohai:2006,huber.ro... |
3,212,635,539,655 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Quantum structural phase transitions (QPT's) at zero temperature are well
known in both lattice \cite{Sachdev} and many-body systems
\cite{Gil}--\cite{Cej5}.
In any of such transitions, the structure of the ground state (and few
low-lying states) does not evolve smoothly with the... |
3,212,635,539,656 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Effective field theories (EFTs) provide a thorough framework for the study of low-energy physics.
In nuclear physics, EFTs are low-energy manifestations of the underlying theory, QCD.
As such, they are formulated in terms of baryons and mesons
as the fundamental degrees of freedom, rather than q... |
3,212,635,539,657 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A solid-on-solid (SOS) model can be considered as a generalization of the Ising model, which corresponds to
$E=\{-1,1\}$, or a less symmetric variant of the Potts model with non-compact state space.
SOS-models on the cubic lattice were analyzed in \cite{Maz},\cite{BW} where an analogue of the s... |
3,212,635,539,658 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A significant amount of speech is required for speaker model enrolment and verification, especially in the presence of large intersession variability, which has limited the widespread use of speaker verification technology in everyday applications. Reducing the amount of speech required for devel... |
3,212,635,539,659 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
Understanding the electronic excitation energies of a material system is
fundamental to a broad array of material properties. Formally,
these correspond to the spectra associated with electron removal
and electron addition. In practice, the electronic excitations are the starting
point ... |
3,212,635,539,660 | arxiv |
\section{Clique Separators}
\label{se:cliquesep}
The simplest case of a clique separator in a graph $G$ is an \emph{%
articulation}, i.e. a vertex whose removal from $G$ results in an increase
of the number of components.
Let $v$ be an articulation of $G$ and let $H$ and $K$ be
subgraphs of $G$ such that $G=H\cup K... |
3,212,635,539,661 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the constituent quark model (CQM), mesons are assumed to be
composed of $q\bar{q}$. Although various properties of light mesons
have been explained within this $q\bar{q}$ minimum Fock space, there
are still properties of some meson states can not be described well
by this quark model~\c... |
3,212,635,539,662 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent studies of the [\ion{Fe}{ii}] lines observed in \object{M42} have shown
that some relative intensities between them cannot be accounted for by
assuming that the line excitation is produced only by electron collisions, at
the densities ($N_{\rm e}\la10^4\mbox{ cm}^{-3}$) indicated by the g... |
3,212,635,539,663 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:intro}
In their final game of the group phase at the 2006 Olympic ice-hockey
tournament, a surprisingly lethargic Swedish team lost $3-0$ to Slovakia. The
result meant they finished third in their group, when a win would have
guaranteed at worst a second placed finish. As the top fou... |
3,212,635,539,664 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The laws of quantum mechanics forbid the perfect cloning of unknown quantum states \cite{Wootters,Dieks,Milonni,Mandel}. This important result, known as the no-cloning theorem, bases on the linearity of the quantum-mechanical transformations and has been subject of continuous research in the las... |
3,212,635,539,665 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\input{ein.tex}
\section{Basic definitions, result, and comments}
\input{res-klein.tex}
\section{Sketch of the proof}
\vspace*{-2mm}
\input{proof-klein.tex}
\vspace*{-1.8mm}
{\scriptsize
\input{bib-klein.tex}}
\end{document}
|
3,212,635,539,666 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The persistent trend of spectrum scarcity in wireless communications has prompted the development of Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), a revolutionary approach to provide high-speed communication and precise sensing services within limited spectrum availability. Unlike tra... |
3,212,635,539,667 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
High aspect ratio particles (e.g., thin rods) of nanoscopic or microscopic scales are routinely incorporated into polymeric host materials to enhance attributes such as electrical and thermal conductivity, charge storage, and mechanical resilience. These composites often exhibit a nonlinear respo... |
3,212,635,539,668 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $T_0<\ldots<T_N$ be a discrete tenor of maturity dates. LIBOR rates are
related to the observable ratio of prices of zero-coupon bonds with maturity
$T_{k-1}$ and $T_{k}=T_{k-1}+\delta$ via
\begin{align*}
L(t,T_{k-1},T_k) = \frac{1}{\delta} \left(\frac{B(t,T_{k-1})}{B(t,T_k)}
-1\right).
\end... |
3,212,635,539,669 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Atomically thin two-dimensional materials have attracted great attention due to their excellent properties and promising applications in next-generation nanoelectronics devices. Furthermore, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials offer an interesting playground for the study... |
3,212,635,539,670 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since Einstein proposes the General Relativity it has been supported by strong observation evidence in many astrophysical scenarios, namely, the Eddington's measurement of the deflection of light in 1919 and recent direct observation of gravitational waves by the LIGO collaboration \cite{Papallo... |
3,212,635,539,671 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:ab}Finding \texorpdfstring{$\alpha_d$}{alphad} and \texorpdfstring{$\beta_d$}{betad} in general dimensions}
As mentioned above we can define $\beta_d$ and $\frac{\alpha_d}{\beta_d}$ through the integrals
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{\beta_{d}}&= \lim_{l \rightarrow 0} \frac{S_{d-2} }{2(d-1)l^{d+2}} \Od{... |
3,212,635,539,672 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Consider the following property of a (nonassociative) algebra: the commutator of
two (say, right) multiplications is a derivation of an algebra. Commutative
algebras with this property were studied in the literature under the names
``Lie triple algebras'' and ``almost Jordan algebras'': see \ci... |
3,212,635,539,673 | arxiv | \subsection{Data-driven approximation}
Given the complex-valued input-output data collection $\{z_i,\mathbf{\Phi}_i\}_{i=1}^N$ or more specifically in our case $\{\imath\omega_i,\mathbf{\Phi}_i\}_{i=1}^N$ (where $z_i\in\Cplx$, $\omega_i\in\Real$ and $\mathbf \Phi_i\in \Cplx^{n_y\times n_u}$) defined as,
\begin{eq}
\y... |
3,212,635,539,674 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent In the 1990s, after a series of experiments, the behavioral psychologist (and Nobel laureate in economics) Daniel Kahneman with his colleagues formulated the following
Peak-End evaluation rule: {\it the remembered utility of pleasant or unpleasant episodes is accurately predicte... |
3,212,635,539,675 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The global extremal function, also called the
Siciak-Zahariuta extremal function,
has proven very useful for pluripotential theory in ${\mathbb C}^n$, see
\cite[\S 13]{Kis:psh_scv} and \cite[\S 5]{Klimek} for an overview
of the applications.
We are however most interested in its... |
3,212,635,539,676 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect-1}
\subsection{Heat trace asymptotics}
Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $m$ with
smooth (possibly empty) boundary $\partial M$. Let
$\operatorname{dvol}_m$ and $\operatorname{dvol}_{m-1}$ be the
Riemannian volume elements on $M$ and on $\partial M$,
respective... |
3,212,635,539,677 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There is a great interest in applying deep reinforcement learning \cite{sutton2018reinforcement} to financial markets \cite{buehler2019deep,buehler2019deep_rl_version,deng2016deep, nevmyvaka2006reinforcement}. Unfortunately, on a daily time scale, the amount of market data is not sufficient to tr... |
3,212,635,539,678 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent techniques~\cite{bahdanau2014neural,wu2016google,NIPS2017_7181} in NMT have gained remarkable improvement in translation quality. However, robust NMT that is immune to real input noise remains a big challenge for NMT researchers. Real input noises can exhibit in many forms such as spellin... |
3,212,635,539,679 | arxiv | \subsection*{Introduction}
For (semi)-inclusive measurements, the cross sections in hard
scattering processes factorize into a hard squared amplitude and
distribution and fragmentation functions. These functions enter in forward
matrix elements of nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon field
operators. Generically ... |
3,212,635,539,680 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The focus of this work is on 1D fluid models of plasma with a class of fluid-closure
approximations known as {\it quadrature-based moment-closures}.
In particular, in this work we are interested in applying these fluid-closure
approximations to the one-dimensional form the Vlaso... |
3,212,635,539,681 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Digital traces of activity have exposed human behavior to quantitative analysis~\cite{Lazer09,mcfarland2016sociology}. Data mining algorithms have explored behavioral data to test social psychology and decision theories~\cite{kleinberg2017human,bond201261} and obtain new insights into factors aff... |
3,212,635,539,682 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgment}
It is a pleasure to thank Naoto Nagaosa, Subir Sachdev, Arnold E. Sikkema
and Kazuo Ueda for useful discussions.
This work is partially supported by NSERC of Canada.
M.~Y. and M.~O. are supported by JSPS and UBC Killam fellowship,
respectively.
{\it Note Added:}\
In the original manuscript, ... |
3,212,635,539,683 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
5-Bromouracil (5BU) can replace thymine (T) in DNA,\cite{Dunn1954N} causing strong mutagenic effects that have been explained by base mispairings due to 5BU's tautomeric equilibrium.\cite{Benzer1958PNAS,Orozco1998JPCB}
The substitution of T by 5BU is also accompanied by an increased UV light sen... |
3,212,635,539,684 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The transmission of multiply and highly charged ions (HCI)
through nanocapillaries has recently been employed as a tool to study the interaction with surfaces, specifically, the internal walls of the capillary. The original motivation was to delineate the initial state of hollow-atom formation at... |
3,212,635,539,685 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Compact cyclotrons that can produce 10~mA proton beams with energy $>50$ MeV,
and that can be mass-produced, would provide a powerful tool for basic
\cite{bungau:isodar1, abs:isodar_cdr1, winklehner:nima} and
applied science \cite{alonso:isotope, schmor:isotopes, ishi:adsr}.
This is an ord... |
3,212,635,539,686 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we will study properties of the {\em sparse} or
$A$-discriminant. Given a configuration
$A=\{a_1,\dots,a_n\}$ of $n$ points in $\baseRing{Z}^d$ we may
construct an ideal $I_A \subset \baseRing{C}[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ and,
if $I_A$ is homogeneous, a projective toric variety $X_A \subset... |
3,212,635,539,687 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The cornerstone of rough path theory is the concept of a rough path in the sense of Lyons~\cite{Lyons1998}. Unlike a classical path~$X$ from an interval~$[0,T]$ to the Euclidean space~$\mathbb{R}^d$, a rough path $\mathbf{X}=(X,\mathbb{X})$ contains the additional information~$\mathbb{X}$ repres... |
3,212,635,539,688 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few years, the algebraic approach to estimation in control
systems proposed by Fliess and co-workers has generated a number of
interesting results for different problems of estimation of dynamical
systems such as state estimation, parametric identification, and fault
diagnosis, to na... |
3,212,635,539,689 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}%
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}%
\z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}%
{\normalfont\bfseries}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}%
\z@{.5\linespacing\@plus.7\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}%
{\normalfont\itshape}}
\usepackag... |
3,212,635,539,690 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Galactic cosmic rays are believed to be accelerated by shockwaves in supernova remnants (SNR) via the diffusive shock acceleration \citep[DSA;][]{1978MNRAS.182..147B,1978ApJ...221L..29B}, and cosmic ray induced non-thermal radiation has been predicted and/or detected from various... |
3,212,635,539,691 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Some time ago, a model in which a non-Abelian vector gauge field coupled
to an antisymmetric tensor field that has a pseudo-scalar mass term was introduced
{[}1{]}. The original motivation for considering this model was to
see if the mass parameters occurring in this model could induce a
pole in ... |
3,212,635,539,692 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A two-state system (TSS) coupled to a dissipative
environment offers a unique testing ground for exploring
fundamental physics of quantum mechanics behaviors such as
tunneling and decoherence\cite{rmp,book}. It also provides a
paradigmatic standard model for studying quantum
computation\cite{qc... |
3,212,635,539,693 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Basic concepts and the main result}
Polyhedra may be regarded as purely geometric objects, however, they are also often intuitively identified with solids. Among
the most obvious sources of such intuition are dice which appear in various polyhedral shapes: while cla... |
3,212,635,539,694 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Conventional incandescent lightbulbs are composed of a tungsten filament inside a bulb which is filled with inert gas. These devices are less than 10$\%$ efficient \cite{solar,solar2} due to the fact that most of the applied power is radiated as infrared radiation and not as visible light. Ther... |
3,212,635,539,695 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Artificially intelligent agents can require strategic conversational skills to negotiate during their interactions with other natural or artificial agents, e.g.\ {\it ``A: I will give/tell you X if you give/tell me Y?, B: Okay''}. While typical conversations of artificial agents assume cooperativ... |
3,212,635,539,696 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Model categories were introduced by Quillen \cite{Q} as a foundation of homotopy theory. Their modern theory
can found in \cite{Ho} or \cite{H}. Combinatorial model categories were introduced by J. H. Smith as model categories
which are locally presentable and cofibrantly generated. The latter m... |
3,212,635,539,697 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A group $G$ is \emph{acylindrically hyperbolic} if it admits a non-elementary, acylindrical action on a hyperbolic space. An alternative characterisation is that $G$ is acylindrically hyperbolic if and only if $G$ contains a \emph{hyperbolically embedded subgroup} $H$, denoted $H\hookrightarrow_... |
3,212,635,539,698 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time-reversal (TR) invariant topological insulators (TI) are new
state of matter in condensed matter physics, which have a full
insulating gap in the bulk, but gapless edge or surface states
consisting of an odd number of Dirac fermions. \cite{Review}
Materials for TR invariant TIs, including HgT... |
3,212,635,539,699 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{se1}
\subsection{From steady inverse problems to dynamical systems}
The probably most often investigated setting in statistical inverse problems is the recovery of an unknown solution $u^{\dag}$ from the indirect noisy measurement
\begin{align}\label{eq_LInP}
y^{\delta} = A u^... |
3,212,635,539,700 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $(M,\omega)$ be a closed symplectic manifold and $H:S^1\times M \to {\mathbb R}$ a periodic Hamiltonian function. It induces a time-dependent Hamiltonian vector field $X_H: S^1\times M\to {\rm T} M$ given by $\omega(X_H(t,x), \cdot)={\rm d} H(t, \cdot)$. We denote the set of contractible pe... |
3,212,635,539,701 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{}
High-performance computing (HPC) architectures continue to make strides in the use of specialized computational accelerators, and future HPC designs are expected to increasingly take advantage of compute node heterogeneity \cite{EHReport2018}. Quantum processing units (QPUs) represent a ... |
3,212,635,539,702 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we explore the possibility that the atmospheric and solar neutrino deficits
can be produced by oscillations of the three known neutrinos with
comparable mass splittings $\Delta m^2\sim 10^{-3}\,{\rm eV}^2$ and
large $\nu_e/\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\mu/\nu_\tau$ mixings.
In section~\ref{so... |
3,212,635,539,703 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The undoubtful existence of the Dark Matter (DM) comprising about a
third (or more precisely, about $27$ \% \cite{Planck}) of total mass
of the Universe today remains the strongest phenomenological
evidence for New Physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) required by
astrophysics measurement... |
3,212,635,539,704 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Most research in computer graphics and image synthesis produces outputs for human consumption. In many cases, these algorithms operate largely automatically; in other cases, interactive tools allow professionals or everyday users to author or edit images, video, textures, geometry, or animation... |
3,212,635,539,705 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the generalized eigenvalue problem
\begin{equation} \label{AxLambdaBx}
A x= \lambda B x,
\end{equation}
where $A, B$ are $n \times n$ large sparse non-Hermitian matrices.
In particular, we are interested in the computation of all
eigenvalues in a region $R \subset \mathbb C$, which conta... |
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