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3,212,635,539,806 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is currently accepted that QCD \cite{Fritzsch:1973pi} is the theory
of the strong interaction. Lattice calculations
\cite{Wilson:1974sk}\cite{Wilson:1975id} support this belief.
At the same time, models based on baryons exchanging mesons
\cite{GLOCKLE1996107}\cite{Kievsky:1997bg} often provi... |
3,212,635,539,807 | arxiv | \section{#1} \markboth{#1}{#1}
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3,212,635,539,808 | arxiv |
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\pagestyle{headings}
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\newcommand{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fileversion{#3}}}{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fil... |
3,212,635,539,809 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
There are multiple chemical and biological processes that involve association of particles to specific reactive sites that are located on surfaces. Examples include catalytic reactions on heterogeneous catalysts\cite{somorjai2010introduction} and enzymatic processes on active sites located o... |
3,212,635,539,810 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The origins of Natural Language Processing (NLP) go back to the earliest work in Computer Science---when Alan Turing
published his seminal paper exploring whether machines can think, and proposed what is now known as the \textit{Turing test} \cite{machinery1950computing,turing2009computing}.
A cr... |
3,212,635,539,811 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Perin and Sklinos \cite{PerSkl2012homogeneity} and, independently, Ould Houcine \cite{Oul2011homogeneity} proved that non-abelian free groups have the property that two tuples $\bar a$ and $\bar b$ realize the same first-order formulas if and only if there is an automorphism of the group sendi... |
3,212,635,539,812 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we design a Godunov-type scheme for the numerical approximation
of weak solutions
to the initial-value problem associated with the
shallow water equations with variable topography, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{ll}
&\partial_th + \partial_x(hu) = 0,
\\
&\partial_t(hu) + \... |
3,212,635,539,813 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few decades, network reliability analysis has been gaining increasing interest among computer scientists and mathematicians. Based on both graph-theoretical and probabilistic models, network reliability intends to determine the probability of correct operation of a system, knowing t... |
3,212,635,539,814 | arxiv | \section{Background and Related Work}
\label{sec:backgroundDataset}
The main goal of \gls{has} algorithms is maximising user perceived QoE. This daunting task relies on accurate representation of subjective impact through mapping objective \gls{qos} metrics at client side ({e.g.,}\xspace initial delay, average bitrate,... |
3,212,635,539,815 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent In the standard quantum mechanics of a particle in a time-independent potential $V(\bf r)$,
a fundamental quantity is the propagator, $K(y, x; T)$, defined as the configuration space matrix element:
\begin{equation}
K(y, x; T) = \left<y\left|e^{-iHT}\right|x\right>,
\end{equation}
wi... |
3,212,635,539,816 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective method for treatment of brain tumors, vascular malformations, and other conditions such as tremors. During SRS, a large amount of radiation is delivered to tumors through the intact skull without damaging the surrounding normal brain tissue. SRS ai... |
3,212,635,539,817 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Bandelt and Chepoi identified {\em median graphs}, {\em Helly graphs} and {\em $\ell_1$-graphs} amongst the most important classes from a metric and geometric points of view~\cite{BaC08}. We refer to their paper~\cite{BaC08} for a thorough treatment of these aspects in Graph The... |
3,212,635,539,818 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Let $K$ be a symmetric convex body in $\mathbb R^{n}$ of volume $1$, $|K|=1$. The Hyperplane conjecture
(posed by J. Bourgain in
\cite{Bou}) claims that there exists a universal constant $c>0$ and a unit vector $\theta$ ($ \theta \in S^{n-1}$)
such that
$$ | K\cap \theta^{\perp} ... |
3,212,635,539,819 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the cornerstones in geometric function theory is the proof of
the coefficient conjecture of Bieberbach (1916) by Louis de Branges
\cite{debranges} in the year 1985. The conjecture asserts that the
coefficient of a univalent function $f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^\infty a_n
z^n$ in the unit dis... |
3,212,635,539,820 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the cornerstones of theoretical physics is the
determination of spacetime dimension. In other words, it is an
open question that whether the spacetime dimension is really $3+1$
or it might be, fundamentally, higher than four. The
Kaluza---Klein (KK) theory is the first serious attempt bey... |
3,212,635,539,821 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The generation of robust and fault-tolerant quantum gates
is a basic requirement for quantum computation. To reach this goal, much attention
has been given to holonomic quantum computation \cite{Pla26494,Prl89097902,Njp14103035,Prl109170501}
based on Abelian \cite{Prsa39245,Prl581593} and non-Ab... |
3,212,635,539,822 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The past three decades have seen the discovery of hundreds of planetary debris disks
\citep[e.g.,][]{wyatt08} and a multitude of planets, either via radial-velocity surveys
\citep[e.g., HARPS - ][]{mayor09}, transit surveys \citep[e.g., Kepler - ][]{borucki10},
microlensing \citep[e.g.,][]{be... |
3,212,635,539,823 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:information-inequalities}
For collections $A$, $B$, and $C$ of jointly related discrete random variables,
denote the \textit{entropy} of $A$ by
$$H(A):=\sum_{a\in A}-p(a)\log_2(p(a)), $$
where $0\log_2(0):=0$.
The \textit{conditional entropy} of $A$ given $B$ is defined by
\begin{eqna... |
3,212,635,539,824 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Matrix models are probability measures for random matrices $M$ of size $N$. In physics language, they come with a matrix action $S(M)$. They can be divided in two broad categories. In the first category, that of {\emph{invariant matrix models}} \cite{Di Francesco:1993nw},
the full action has an... |
3,212,635,539,825 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Since the beginning of the 1930s, when cosmic ray cascades of various
particles were detected, physicists are trying to describe the process
of multiple production of particles in ultrarelativistic collisions
of hadrons and nuclei. The idea of Fermi, namely that all secondary
p... |
3,212,635,539,826 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{wrapfigure}[18]{4}{7.75cm}
\begin{center}
\vspace{-1.cm}
\includegraphics[scale=0.27]{sunspot_vtt.pdf}
\vspace{-.4cm}
\caption{Detail of a small portion of the solar surface showing solar convective cells and a sunspot. Analogous features to these can be resolved on other stars with long... |
3,212,635,539,827 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Numerical simulations of fermion systems have to deal with the Pauli
principle which enforces a completely anti--symmetric wave function for
fermions. Obviously, this requirement makes fermion systems extremely
non--local. Changing the system at a single point affects all degrees of
f... |
3,212,635,539,828 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a hallmark of climate change and a major component of the Arctic environment, Arctic sea ice retreat has garnered much scientific and media attention \citep{perovich2009loss,stroeve2007arctic}. Predicting the rate of sea ice loss is a challenge. The difficulty lies in the fact that sea ice ev... |
3,212,635,539,829 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to benefit people and society, but they also raise ethical challenges and concerns about possible adverse impacts~\cite{montreal}. Being prone to errors and biases, AI systems may harm people~\cite{awad2018moral} for instance by reinfo... |
3,212,635,539,830 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec intro}
\subsection{}
Throughout the paper, we work with a unimodular second countable locally compact group $G$, and fix a Haar measure $dg$ on it. In the introduction, in \S\ref{ssec intro 1} - \S\ref{ssec intro 2.5} $G$ is assumed semisimple over a local field, while in \S\ref{ssec ... |
3,212,635,539,831 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
Several lattice groups are performing simulations of QCD$_3$
with up, down and strange quarks. They are cheaper and simpler than
simulations of QCD$_4$ which includes a dynamical charm quark.
The motivation to neglect the charm quark at low energies
$E\ll M_{\rm charm}\equivM_{\rm... |
3,212,635,539,832 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The {\em tetrahedron equation}
\cite{Zamolodchikov:1980rus,Zamolodchikov:1981kf} is a
three-dimensional analog of the Yang-Baxter equation. It implies
the commutativity of layer-to-layer transfer matrices
\cite{Bazhanov:1981zm} for
three-dimensional lattice models of statistical mechanics and
fi... |
3,212,635,539,833 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The energy density achieved in Au + Au collisions at RHIC far exceeds the lattice QCD
estimate for creating the QGP. The high matter density gives rise to large pressure
gradients which are the driving force for the observed large azimuthal anisotropy ($v_2$)
of particle emission from the co... |
3,212,635,539,834 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After the discovery of Fe-based superconductors (FBS)\,\cite{Kamihara}, many efforts have been devoted to searching for new FBS, resulting in the discovery of various new superconductors such as FeSe\cite{Hsu}, (Ba,K)Fe$_2$As$_2$\cite{Rotter} and LiFeAs\cite{Wang}.
To date SmFeAs(O,F) shows the h... |
3,212,635,539,835 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-relativistic jets are observed in the vicinities of several
Protostellar Objects, Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) and post-AGB
stars. Plausible models suggest that jets are launched and collimated
by accretion, rotation and magnetic mechanisms in the ``central
engine'' (see \cite[Pudritz et al... |
3,212,635,539,836 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
The observed behaviour of passive objects in simple flows can be surprisingly intricate, and is complicated further by object activity. Inspired by the motility of peritrichous bacterial swimmers, in this two-part study we examine the three-dimensional motion of rigid active particles in shear Stoke... |
3,212,635,539,837 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the past few years, scene text processing has attracted a surge of research interest and plays an important role in wide-range applications such as sign board recognition, autonomous driving, and scene parsing. Scene text detection aims to detect and localize text regions in natural images. D... |
3,212,635,539,838 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Guarded recursion is a technique for defining and reasoning about infinite objects. Its applications include the definition of
productive operations on data structures more commonly defined via coinduction, such as streams, and the construction
of models of program logics for m... |
3,212,635,539,839 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
{\bf Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided in two populations consisting of long and short GRBs \citep[e.g.,][]{Kouveliotou1993a}.}
Long GRBs {\bf (i.e. GRBs with a burst duration longer than $\sim2$s)} have been conclusively linked to the explosive deaths of massive stars \citep[e.g.,][]{Hjort... |
3,212,635,539,840 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of few-fermion systems in quantum mechanics began in earnest immediately after the discovery of the Schr\"odinger equation in 1925 \cite{Schrodinger1926}. The first such systems to be analysed were simple atoms and molecules. The treatments were extended to larger systems as the comput... |
3,212,635,539,841 | arxiv | \section{Introduction to the model problem}
This article presents the asymptotic behavior of a heat transfer model with memory effects.
Following in the spirit of Gurtin and Mizel's seminal contribution \cite{Coleman&Mizel63} is the article \cite{Gal-Shomberg15-2} where the author provides a derivation of a thermodyn... |
3,212,635,539,842 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
What is the effect of interactions on Anderson localization? One common wisdom is that any amount of interaction will give rise to collective excitations that could assist transport at non-vanishing temperature even if single particle states are all localized. But the belief, that there are no ... |
3,212,635,539,843 | arxiv | \section{Lipschitz continuity of the inverse function} \label{ssect:cont_inv_func}
\noindent A simple lemma, which is in fact an inverse function theorem with a parameter. We use this lemma while proving that the inverse of the cumulative distribution function satisfies the continuity estimate. Recall that, if $f: \mat... |
3,212,635,539,844 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\it 1. Introduction}. We consider a quantum field the dynamics of which on
the Euclidean $d$-dimensional manifold $M^d$
is described by the field operator
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{\bf a}=\Delta +{\bf a} \delta_\Sigma
\label{1}
\end{equation}
where $\Delta$ is an unperturbed (hereafter to be La... |
3,212,635,539,845 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Understanding quantum field theory and quantum gravity in curved backgrounds such as black holes and cosmological spacetimes is one of the most pressing questions in theoretical physics. The AdS/CFT correspondence is a very powerful tool for this purpose since it relates observables in curved ba... |
3,212,635,539,846 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Weak lensing by large scale structure offers some of the tightest constraints on cosmological parameters. Over the next decade data from Stage IV experiments including Euclid\footnote{\url{http://euclid-ec.org}} \cite{laureijs2010euclid}, WFIRST\footnote{\url{https://www.nasa.gov/wfirst}} \cite{s... |
3,212,635,539,847 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It would be certainly desirable to extend the SM, realising a unified picture able to
solve the flavour problem, explaining masses and mixing parameters of quarks and leptons,
and at the same time to provide solution to the cosmological puzzles. In particular leptogenesis \cite{fy} is an attrac... |
3,212,635,539,848 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The abundance of data and advances in computation infrastructure have enabled the training of high-quality machine learning models. On the other hand, the data is distributed over many devices that are typically power-constrained and have limited computational capabilities. To reduce the amount o... |
3,212,635,539,849 | arxiv | \section{ Introduction}
We consider finite simple graphs, and use standard terminology and notations. Denote by $V(G)$ and $E(G)$ the vertex set and edge set of a graph $G.$ The {\it order} of a graph is its number of vertices, and the {\it size} is its number of edges. Let $e(G)$ denote the size of $G.$ For a vertex ... |
3,212,635,539,850 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
$H_\infty$ control problems have attracted attention from a lot of researchers in control and optimization fields since primal-dual interior-point methods (PDIPMs) were proposed in 90's. $H_\infty$ control problems can be reformulated as linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem a... |
3,212,635,539,851 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1957 Everett \cite{everett1957relative} analyzed the quantum measurement process in terms of the unitary evolution of a total quantum state that describe not only the system to be measured, but also the apparatus, the observers of the apparatus and the observers of the observers.\footnote{R... |
3,212,635,539,852 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Some active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emit a large amount of radiation as well as jet phenomena,
that are considered to be driven by the gas accretion onto the nucleus of galaxies (e.g., Rees 1984).
It is now widely accepted that the nucleus of galaxies harbors a SMBH with a mass of... |
3,212,635,539,853 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy-ion collisions (HIC) offer a unique possibility to study bulk
properties of hot and compressed nuclear matter. One of the main
goals of such study is to determine the density-dependence of the
symmetry energy (SE) at high densities \cite{li08,bar05,Colonna20}.
The symmetry energy pla... |
3,212,635,539,854 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Charm rare decays represent a unique chance to investigate Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) processes mediated by up-type quarks. These studies, which are complemetary to those on B and K sectors, together with those on Lepton Number Violating (LNV) processes, could allow to test Standar... |
3,212,635,539,855 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{P}$ denote the set of prime numbers, $d>0$ be a squarefree integer and $a \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $a \neq -1$ and $a$ is not a square. Set
\[ \mathcal{P}_{(a,d)} = \{ p \in \mathbb{P} : p \equiv 1 \pmod{d} \; \; \; \mbox{and} \; \; \; a^{(p-1)/d} \equiv 1 \pmod{p} \} \]
and
\[ P_{a,... |
3,212,635,539,856 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Precise manipulation of the mechanical properties of solids is critical to the design of a wide spectrum of materials. Auxetic materials, which have a negative Poisson's ratio, $\nu< 0$, represent a promising yet under-exploited class of systems for potential applications in areas such as imp... |
3,212,635,539,857 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Strong X-ray emission is a common property of pre-main sequence stars. \mbox{T Tauri} stars, often considered as young solar analogs, show strong X-ray emission with luminosities in the range of approximately $10^{29}-10^{31}\, \mathrm{~erg\,s^{-1}}$ \citep[e.g.][]{Preibisch2005,Gudel2007d}, whic... |
3,212,635,539,858 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In tradition imitation learning scenarios, demonstrations provide a descriptive medium for specifying robotic tasks. Prior work has shown that robots can acquire a range of complex skills through demonstration, such as table tennis [1], drawer opening [2], and multi-stage manipulation tasks [3]... |
3,212,635,539,859 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\subsection{Problem Statement}
Current techniques for writer identification often rely on the classical
tools, methodologies, and algorithms in handwriting recognition (and in
general in any image-based pattern recognition) such as skeletonizing,
contouring, line-base... |
3,212,635,539,860 | arxiv | \section*{\normalsize\bf 1. INTRODUCTION}
\vskip 8pt
The present understanding of strong interactions is that they are
described by Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). This non-Abelian field
theory not only describes how quarks and antiquarks interact, but
also predicts that the gluons which are the quanta of the field will... |
3,212,635,539,861 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mixed order parameter (OP) systems often exhibit unanticipated material
properties that can be of technological importance. A good example is that
of the recently studied ferromagnetic martensite such as the Heusler alloy.
Apart from the martensite transformation temperature, such alloys... |
3,212,635,539,862 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{section-intro}}
The proximity of M87 \citep[$D$=16 Mpc;][]{ton91} makes it one of the best
systems to study relativistic jets at high linear resolution
(Fig.~\ref{fig-1}). Our observations with the {\it Chandra}\ X-ray Observatory
isolated short (month) timescale variability \citep{har06} ... |
3,212,635,539,863 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Audio super-resolution is the task of reconstructing a high-resolution audio signal from a low-resolution one. The sampling rate of the low-resolution signal is increased. It is also known as time series super-resolution \cite{birnbaum2019temporal} or bandwidth extension \cite{... |
3,212,635,539,864 | arxiv | \section{\label{int}Introduction}
Nuclear energy is one of the most efficient sources of energy based on the Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula ($\Delta E=\Delta mc^2$). It originates in the strong force holding the protons and neutrons together. The release of nuclear energy happens when nucleons rearrange th... |
3,212,635,539,865 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We have recently witnessed the birth of gravitational wave astronomy, where the LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration reported compelling evidence on the detection of gravitational waves, which is compatible with a scenario of binary black hole mergers predicted by General Relativity (GR) \cite{Abbott:2016b... |
3,212,635,539,866 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are very light pseudoscalar bosons $a$, with a two-photon coupling
described by the Lagrangian
\begin{equation}
{\mathcal L}_{a\gamma}= -\frac{1}{4} g_{a\gamma} F_{\mu\nu}{\tilde F}^{\mu \nu} a = g_{a\gamma}\,
{\bf E}\cdot {\bf B}\, a \,\ ,
\label{eq:axlagrang}
\end{... |
3,212,635,539,867 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Patents are the authority awarded monopolies, granted for innovations that are novel, inventive, and non-obvious in nature. Any individual who wishes to get a grant for an idea must draft a detailed technical patent application document. Further application documents are ... |
3,212,635,539,868 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:INTRODUCTION}
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been intensively studied in the
last two decades (for a review see Ref.~\onlinecite{Gatteschi2006}).
At low temperature these remarkable molecules behave in part like
bulk magnets thanks to their very long magnetization relaxation... |
3,212,635,539,869 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A birth-death process is a continuous-time Markov process with values in $\N=\{0,1,\dots\}$ which evolves by jumps of two types: onto the integer just above (birth) or just below (death). We denote by BDP$(\a,\b)$ the birth-death process with positive birth rate $\a=(\a(x))_{x\in \N}$ and non-... |
3,212,635,539,870 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Revisiting the \emph{stroke correspondence problem} is motivated by developing a robust, freely available, open-source
Japanese on-line handwriting recognition engine, especially considering the current advance of touch-driven mobile devices. For handwriting recognition,
learning based methods ... |
3,212,635,539,871 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Network coding, introduced in \cite{ahlswede2000network}, has proven to be an important tool for improving network throughput.
As one of the simplest applications of network coding, the two-way relay network (TWRN) has been extensively studied in the literature. A TWRN usually
comprises two so... |
3,212,635,539,872 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The primary motivation behind the investigation of hybrid metric-Palatini theories is the fact that these theories are able to overcome flaws of both the metric and the Palatini approaches to $f\left(R\right)$ gravity. Considering $f\left(R\right)$ in both these formalism, one is ... |
3,212,635,539,873 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
Molecular gas is an important part of the interstellar medium (ISM), but its primary component H$_{2}$\ is difficult to detect in clouds of diffuse gas owing to insufficient collisional excitation of the lowest rotational levels and the lack of a dipole moment. As a r... |
3,212,635,539,874 | arxiv | \section{Updates for variational means and covariances}
\label{app:variationalParams}
Closed-form updates for the variational parameters can be obtained from
mean-field theory \citep{Nguyen2013b_GPRN,Nguyen2015_thesis}. For the nodes, the
variational means and covariances are given by
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:sigma... |
3,212,635,539,875 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes \cite{Gallager62} have been widely applied to many practical applications, such as wireless communication and data storage systems \cite{Divsalar2009protograph,Nguyen2012protograph,chen2018rate}, for their powerful error correction capability under iterati... |
3,212,635,539,876 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\subfile{intro.tex}
\section{Related Work}
\subfile{related.tex}
\subfile{interactive_learning.tex}
\section{Semantic Parsing to SQL}
\label{sec:model}
\subfile{model.tex}
\section{Benchmark Experiments}
\subfile{benchmark_experiments.tex}
\section{Interactive Learning Experiments}... |
3,212,635,539,877 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The majority of stars in our Galaxy are M dwarfs: low-mass, low-luminosity, cool main sequence stars, which make up
most of the Galaxy's baryonic mass. M dwarf stars have main sequence lifetimes much longer
than the current age of the Universe, which make them good candidates for the study of t... |
3,212,635,539,878 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Agile software development is taught in university courses using different approaches comprising lectures, tutorials, and lab work with varying levels of practical experience. While some have incorporated the use of interactive sessions such as board games \citep{Heikkila2016TeachingGame}, LEGO\... |
3,212,635,539,879 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Transport properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP), in particular
the bulk and shear viscosities, which describe the hydrodynamic response of
the system to energy and momentum density fluctuations, have attracted
remarkable attention in the last years.
The experimen... |
3,212,635,539,880 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{emories} are an essential component of how we define ourselves and play a crucial role in learning \cite{Tulving1972}. {There are studies that argue for a massive capacity of human episodic memory for visual information} \cite{Brady2011,Standing1975}. The study of human memory ca... |
3,212,635,539,881 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The modeling and analysis for space and space-time point pattern data continue to be of interest in diverse settings including, but not limited to, point patterns of locations of tree species \citep[see, e.g.,][]{Burslemetal(01), Wiegandetal(09), Illianetal(08)}, locations of disease occurrences ... |
3,212,635,539,882 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper discusses the problem of experimental design with units embedded in a network. Motivated by applications in economic studies,\footnote{See for example, \cite{muralidharan2017experimentation}.} we consider the main experiment to be conducted \textit{once}, whereas a \textit{first-wav... |
3,212,635,539,883 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\it $K$-contact} structures --- see the definition in Section \ref{sKcontact} --- can be viewed as the odd-dimensional counterparts of {\it almost K\"ahler} structure, in the same way as {\it Sasakian} structures are the odd-dimensional counterparts of {\it K\"ahler structures}. It has been ... |
3,212,635,539,884 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The intrinsic nature of streaming data requires algorithms that are capable of fast data analysis to extract knowledge. Online clustering algorithms provide a way to extract patterns from continuous data streams. Therefore, online clustering has gained popularity in applications involving massiv... |
3,212,635,539,885 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Goal-oriented dialogue is an area of increasingly high interest, both from academic and industrial perspectives. Data-driven approaches to developing such systems \cite{Lemon:2012:DMA:2412075} proved to be more flexible and scalable to various scenarios and domains than previous... |
3,212,635,539,886 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Consider the three-node chain network in Fig. \ref{fig:figure1}. Nodes $S_1$ and $S_2$ are the source nodes which are going to communicate with each other. In particular, we consider two real numbers $r_1$ and $r_2$, which $S_1$ and $S_2$ are going to exchange, respectively... |
3,212,635,539,887 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider the Ginzburg-Landau free energy of a binary fluid with matched density (assumed to be $1$)
\begin{align}\label{GLenergy}
E(\phi)=\gamma\int_{\Omega}\frac{1}{\epsilon}F(\phi)+\frac{\epsilon}{2}|\nabla\phi|^2\,dx,
\end{align}
where $\gamma$ is a dimensionless surface tension parameter, $F(... |
3,212,635,539,888 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent experimental realizations of ideally clean quasi one dimensional
(Q1D) systems, like ultra cold Fermi gases in elongated harmonic traps
\cite{cold_atoms} and high mobility quantum wires in the so-called
cleaved edge overgrowth samples\cite{ceo},
have stimulated a new intense theoretic... |
3,212,635,539,889 | arxiv | \section{Analytical evaluation of the bispectrum multipoles}
\label{app:A}
The orientation of the $\left\{\mathbf{k}_1, \mathbf{k}_2, \mathbf{k}_3\right\}$ triangle w.r.t. the LOS in the model for the redshift-space bispectrum $B_s(\mathbf{k}_1, \mathbf{k}_2, \mathbf{k}_3,\hat{n})$, eq.(\ref{eq:Btheory}), is expressed... |
3,212,635,539,890 | arxiv | \section{Classification of process}
What role does chance play in the evolution of the universe? Until the development of quantum mechanics, the general consensus was that what we perceived as chance was really just a manifestation of our lack of complete knowledge of a situation. In a letter to Max Born in December o... |
3,212,635,539,891 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\bf A. The Pontryagin duality} establishes a canonical isomorphism between
the locally compact abelian group $G$ and the group $\hbox{\bf Char}~(\hbox{\bf Char}~(G))$,
where $\hbox{\bf Char}$ is the group of characters of $G$, i.e. the homomorphisms $G\to S^1$
\cite{Pon1}; such a duality genera... |
3,212,635,539,892 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\par
We consider the initial value problem,
\begin{equation}
\label{IVP}
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
u_{tt}-\Delta u=|u|^p
&\mbox{in}\quad {\bf R}^n\times[0,\infty),\\
u(x,0)={\varepsilon} f(x),\ u_t(x,0)={\varepsilon} g(x),
& x\in{\bf R}^n,
\end{array}
\right.
\end{equation}
where $u=u(x,t)$ is an... |
3,212,635,539,893 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Symmetry is an essential concept in quantum mechanics for describing properties that are invariant under particular transformations.
Physical observables, for example, must be totally symmetric under the group of symmetry operations corresponding to a quantum system, and the exact wave function ... |
3,212,635,539,894 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
Federated learning, where multiple parties construct a joint model with each party's own data, has become more and more popular with the increase of the emphasis on privacy. Many architectures have been proposed (e.g.\citet{mcmahan2016communication} and \citet{konevcny2016fe... |
3,212,635,539,895 | arxiv | |
3,212,635,539,896 | arxiv | \section*{Motivation : Results of Gross and Greenberg}
The purpose of this paper is to prove a result involving Selmer groups, predicted by the Iwasawa main conjectures, corresponding to a factorization formula involving $p$-adic $L$-functions obtained by Dasgupta in \cite{dasgupta2014factorization}. Dasgupta's method ... |
3,212,635,539,897 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two-dimensional (2D) materials formed by a few atomic layers are
likely to be featured in high-performing electronic devices in the
near future, thanks to their high charge mobility, strong gating
capabilities, and other unusual properties. For nearly a decade, the
focus was primarily on g... |
3,212,635,539,898 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Digitalisation influences all parts of society. In its heart resides Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), technologies with roots in natural science and a third-person objectivising stance~\cite{Grimm2016}. Research in the area then inherits values that are concerned with groun... |
3,212,635,539,899 | arxiv | \section{Main Theorem}
\subsection{Alexander Duality} We recall that for a compact set $X\subset S^n$ there is a natural isomorphism
$AD_n:H^{n-k-1}(X)\to H_k(S^n\setminus X)$ called the Alexander duality. The naturality means that for a closed subset $Y\subset X$
there is a commutative diagram (1):
$$
\begi... |
3,212,635,539,900 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the early 1990s, a number of \emph{quantum} algorithms have been
discovered that have much better query complexity than their best classical
counterparts~\cite{deutsch&jozsa,simon:power,grover:search,ambainis:edj,fgg:nandtreej,acrsz:andor}.
Around the same time, the area of \emph{property ... |
3,212,635,539,901 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are created by fast spinning neutron stars that produce highly relativistic
magnetized particle winds, inflating an expanding bubble,
confined by the expanding ejecta of the supernova explosion. Electrons and positrons are
accelerated to relativistic speeds at ... |
3,212,635,539,902 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multi-object tracking (MOT) is the problem concerned with recursively estimating the state of an unknown and time-varying number of objects, based on a sequence of noisy sensor measurements. The objects of interest can enter and leave the field-of-view (FOV) at any time, they do not always genera... |
3,212,635,539,903 | arxiv | \section{Keywords}
graphene nanoribbons, electronic structure, GNR magnetism, graphene interconnects, quasiparticle band gaps.
\section{Introduction}
Graphene has attracted enormous attention due to its extraordinary electronic, optical, thermal and mechanical properties, and immense potentials for nanoelectronic appl... |
3,212,635,539,904 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{ulti-Person} pose estimation refers to estimating pixel-level joints positions for each person in images. Specifically, the number of people is larger than one in each image, which makes judging joints belonging and locating joints positions to become two necessary tasks.
Multi-... |
3,212,635,539,905 | arxiv | \section{S1 Hybridization function}
The hybridization function was defined as,
\begin{equation}
K_{\sigma}(\omega)=\sum_{{\bm k}}\frac{|V_{{\bm k},\sigma}|^2}{\omega+i\eta -\epsilon_{{\bm k}}+\mu}.
\end{equation}
We write $K_{\sigma}(\omega)=\Lambda_{\sigma}(\omega)-i\Gamma_{\sigma}(\omega)$.
If we assume that $V_... |
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