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3,212,635,539,806
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is currently accepted that QCD \cite{Fritzsch:1973pi} is the theory of the strong interaction. Lattice calculations \cite{Wilson:1974sk}\cite{Wilson:1975id} support this belief. At the same time, models based on baryons exchanging mesons \cite{GLOCKLE1996107}\cite{Kievsky:1997bg} often provi...
3,212,635,539,807
arxiv
\section{#1} \markboth{#1}{#1} \leavevmode\par} \def\paragraph#1{{\bf #1\ }} \newcommand{\mathrm{e}}{\mathrm{e}} \newcommand{\triangle}{\triangle} \newcommand{\displaystyle}{\displaystyle} \newcommand{\nonumber}{\nonumber} \newcommand{\mathrm{Var}}{\mathrm{Var}} \newcommand{\mathrm{Cov}}{\mathrm{Cov}} \newcommand{\ma...
3,212,635,539,808
arxiv
\subsubsection*{#1}} \pagestyle{headings} \markright{Reference sheet: \texttt{natbib}} \usepackage{shortvrb} \MakeShortVerb{\|} \begin{document} \thispagestyle{plain} \newcommand{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}{\textsc{Bib}\TeX} \newcommand{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fileversion{#3}}}{\texttt{#1}\def\filedate{#2}\def\fil...
3,212,635,539,809
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} There are multiple chemical and biological processes that involve association of particles to specific reactive sites that are located on surfaces. Examples include catalytic reactions on heterogeneous catalysts\cite{somorjai2010introduction} and enzymatic processes on active sites located o...
3,212,635,539,810
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The origins of Natural Language Processing (NLP) go back to the earliest work in Computer Science---when Alan Turing published his seminal paper exploring whether machines can think, and proposed what is now known as the \textit{Turing test} \cite{machinery1950computing,turing2009computing}. A cr...
3,212,635,539,811
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Perin and Sklinos \cite{PerSkl2012homogeneity} and, independently, Ould Houcine \cite{Oul2011homogeneity} proved that non-abelian free groups have the property that two tuples $\bar a$ and $\bar b$ realize the same first-order formulas if and only if there is an automorphism of the group sendi...
3,212,635,539,812
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we design a Godunov-type scheme for the numerical approximation of weak solutions to the initial-value problem associated with the shallow water equations with variable topography, i.e. \begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll} &\partial_th + \partial_x(hu) = 0, \\ &\partial_t(hu) + \...
3,212,635,539,813
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past few decades, network reliability analysis has been gaining increasing interest among computer scientists and mathematicians. Based on both graph-theoretical and probabilistic models, network reliability intends to determine the probability of correct operation of a system, knowing t...
3,212,635,539,814
arxiv
\section{Background and Related Work} \label{sec:backgroundDataset} The main goal of \gls{has} algorithms is maximising user perceived QoE. This daunting task relies on accurate representation of subjective impact through mapping objective \gls{qos} metrics at client side ({e.g.,}\xspace initial delay, average bitrate,...
3,212,635,539,815
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent In the standard quantum mechanics of a particle in a time-independent potential $V(\bf r)$, a fundamental quantity is the propagator, $K(y, x; T)$, defined as the configuration space matrix element: \begin{equation} K(y, x; T) = \left<y\left|e^{-iHT}\right|x\right>, \end{equation} wi...
3,212,635,539,816
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective method for treatment of brain tumors, vascular malformations, and other conditions such as tremors. During SRS, a large amount of radiation is delivered to tumors through the intact skull without damaging the surrounding normal brain tissue. SRS ai...
3,212,635,539,817
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Bandelt and Chepoi identified {\em median graphs}, {\em Helly graphs} and {\em $\ell_1$-graphs} amongst the most important classes from a metric and geometric points of view~\cite{BaC08}. We refer to their paper~\cite{BaC08} for a thorough treatment of these aspects in Graph The...
3,212,635,539,818
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Let $K$ be a symmetric convex body in $\mathbb R^{n}$ of volume $1$, $|K|=1$. The Hyperplane conjecture (posed by J. Bourgain in \cite{Bou}) claims that there exists a universal constant $c>0$ and a unit vector $\theta$ ($ \theta \in S^{n-1}$) such that $$ | K\cap \theta^{\perp} ...
3,212,635,539,819
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the cornerstones in geometric function theory is the proof of the coefficient conjecture of Bieberbach (1916) by Louis de Branges \cite{debranges} in the year 1985. The conjecture asserts that the coefficient of a univalent function $f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^\infty a_n z^n$ in the unit dis...
3,212,635,539,820
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the cornerstones of theoretical physics is the determination of spacetime dimension. In other words, it is an open question that whether the spacetime dimension is really $3+1$ or it might be, fundamentally, higher than four. The Kaluza---Klein (KK) theory is the first serious attempt bey...
3,212,635,539,821
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The generation of robust and fault-tolerant quantum gates is a basic requirement for quantum computation. To reach this goal, much attention has been given to holonomic quantum computation \cite{Pla26494,Prl89097902,Njp14103035,Prl109170501} based on Abelian \cite{Prsa39245,Prl581593} and non-Ab...
3,212,635,539,822
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The past three decades have seen the discovery of hundreds of planetary debris disks \citep[e.g.,][]{wyatt08} and a multitude of planets, either via radial-velocity surveys \citep[e.g., HARPS - ][]{mayor09}, transit surveys \citep[e.g., Kepler - ][]{borucki10}, microlensing \citep[e.g.,][]{be...
3,212,635,539,823
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:information-inequalities} For collections $A$, $B$, and $C$ of jointly related discrete random variables, denote the \textit{entropy} of $A$ by $$H(A):=\sum_{a\in A}-p(a)\log_2(p(a)), $$ where $0\log_2(0):=0$. The \textit{conditional entropy} of $A$ given $B$ is defined by \begin{eqna...
3,212,635,539,824
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Matrix models are probability measures for random matrices $M$ of size $N$. In physics language, they come with a matrix action $S(M)$. They can be divided in two broad categories. In the first category, that of {\emph{invariant matrix models}} \cite{Di Francesco:1993nw}, the full action has an...
3,212,635,539,825
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec1} Since the beginning of the 1930s, when cosmic ray cascades of various particles were detected, physicists are trying to describe the process of multiple production of particles in ultrarelativistic collisions of hadrons and nuclei. The idea of Fermi, namely that all secondary p...
3,212,635,539,826
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{wrapfigure}[18]{4}{7.75cm} \begin{center} \vspace{-1.cm} \includegraphics[scale=0.27]{sunspot_vtt.pdf} \vspace{-.4cm} \caption{Detail of a small portion of the solar surface showing solar convective cells and a sunspot. Analogous features to these can be resolved on other stars with long...
3,212,635,539,827
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Numerical simulations of fermion systems have to deal with the Pauli principle which enforces a completely anti--symmetric wave function for fermions. Obviously, this requirement makes fermion systems extremely non--local. Changing the system at a single point affects all degrees of f...
3,212,635,539,828
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a hallmark of climate change and a major component of the Arctic environment, Arctic sea ice retreat has garnered much scientific and media attention \citep{perovich2009loss,stroeve2007arctic}. Predicting the rate of sea ice loss is a challenge. The difficulty lies in the fact that sea ice ev...
3,212,635,539,829
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to benefit people and society, but they also raise ethical challenges and concerns about possible adverse impacts~\cite{montreal}. Being prone to errors and biases, AI systems may harm people~\cite{awad2018moral} for instance by reinfo...
3,212,635,539,830
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec intro} \subsection{} Throughout the paper, we work with a unimodular second countable locally compact group $G$, and fix a Haar measure $dg$ on it. In the introduction, in \S\ref{ssec intro 1} - \S\ref{ssec intro 2.5} $G$ is assumed semisimple over a local field, while in \S\ref{ssec ...
3,212,635,539,831
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Several lattice groups are performing simulations of QCD$_3$ with up, down and strange quarks. They are cheaper and simpler than simulations of QCD$_4$ which includes a dynamical charm quark. The motivation to neglect the charm quark at low energies $E\ll M_{\rm charm}\equivM_{\rm...
3,212,635,539,832
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The {\em tetrahedron equation} \cite{Zamolodchikov:1980rus,Zamolodchikov:1981kf} is a three-dimensional analog of the Yang-Baxter equation. It implies the commutativity of layer-to-layer transfer matrices \cite{Bazhanov:1981zm} for three-dimensional lattice models of statistical mechanics and fi...
3,212,635,539,833
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The energy density achieved in Au + Au collisions at RHIC far exceeds the lattice QCD estimate for creating the QGP. The high matter density gives rise to large pressure gradients which are the driving force for the observed large azimuthal anisotropy ($v_2$) of particle emission from the co...
3,212,635,539,834
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the discovery of Fe-based superconductors (FBS)\,\cite{Kamihara}, many efforts have been devoted to searching for new FBS, resulting in the discovery of various new superconductors such as FeSe\cite{Hsu}, (Ba,K)Fe$_2$As$_2$\cite{Rotter} and LiFeAs\cite{Wang}. To date SmFeAs(O,F) shows the h...
3,212,635,539,835
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Non-relativistic jets are observed in the vicinities of several Protostellar Objects, Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) and post-AGB stars. Plausible models suggest that jets are launched and collimated by accretion, rotation and magnetic mechanisms in the ``central engine'' (see \cite[Pudritz et al...
3,212,635,539,836
arxiv
\section*{Abstract} The observed behaviour of passive objects in simple flows can be surprisingly intricate, and is complicated further by object activity. Inspired by the motility of peritrichous bacterial swimmers, in this two-part study we examine the three-dimensional motion of rigid active particles in shear Stoke...
3,212,635,539,837
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past few years, scene text processing has attracted a surge of research interest and plays an important role in wide-range applications such as sign board recognition, autonomous driving, and scene parsing. Scene text detection aims to detect and localize text regions in natural images. D...
3,212,635,539,838
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Guarded recursion is a technique for defining and reasoning about infinite objects. Its applications include the definition of productive operations on data structures more commonly defined via coinduction, such as streams, and the construction of models of program logics for m...
3,212,635,539,839
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\bf Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided in two populations consisting of long and short GRBs \citep[e.g.,][]{Kouveliotou1993a}.} Long GRBs {\bf (i.e. GRBs with a burst duration longer than $\sim2$s)} have been conclusively linked to the explosive deaths of massive stars \citep[e.g.,][]{Hjort...
3,212,635,539,840
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of few-fermion systems in quantum mechanics began in earnest immediately after the discovery of the Schr\"odinger equation in 1925 \cite{Schrodinger1926}. The first such systems to be analysed were simple atoms and molecules. The treatments were extended to larger systems as the comput...
3,212,635,539,841
arxiv
\section{Introduction to the model problem} This article presents the asymptotic behavior of a heat transfer model with memory effects. Following in the spirit of Gurtin and Mizel's seminal contribution \cite{Coleman&Mizel63} is the article \cite{Gal-Shomberg15-2} where the author provides a derivation of a thermodyn...
3,212,635,539,842
arxiv
\section{Introduction} What is the effect of interactions on Anderson localization? One common wisdom is that any amount of interaction will give rise to collective excitations that could assist transport at non-vanishing temperature even if single particle states are all localized. But the belief, that there are no ...
3,212,635,539,843
arxiv
\section{Lipschitz continuity of the inverse function} \label{ssect:cont_inv_func} \noindent A simple lemma, which is in fact an inverse function theorem with a parameter. We use this lemma while proving that the inverse of the cumulative distribution function satisfies the continuity estimate. Recall that, if $f: \mat...
3,212,635,539,844
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\it 1. Introduction}. We consider a quantum field the dynamics of which on the Euclidean $d$-dimensional manifold $M^d$ is described by the field operator \begin{equation} \Delta_{\bf a}=\Delta +{\bf a} \delta_\Sigma \label{1} \end{equation} where $\Delta$ is an unperturbed (hereafter to be La...
3,212,635,539,845
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Understanding quantum field theory and quantum gravity in curved backgrounds such as black holes and cosmological spacetimes is one of the most pressing questions in theoretical physics. The AdS/CFT correspondence is a very powerful tool for this purpose since it relates observables in curved ba...
3,212,635,539,846
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Weak lensing by large scale structure offers some of the tightest constraints on cosmological parameters. Over the next decade data from Stage IV experiments including Euclid\footnote{\url{http://euclid-ec.org}} \cite{laureijs2010euclid}, WFIRST\footnote{\url{https://www.nasa.gov/wfirst}} \cite{s...
3,212,635,539,847
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It would be certainly desirable to extend the SM, realising a unified picture able to solve the flavour problem, explaining masses and mixing parameters of quarks and leptons, and at the same time to provide solution to the cosmological puzzles. In particular leptogenesis \cite{fy} is an attrac...
3,212,635,539,848
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The abundance of data and advances in computation infrastructure have enabled the training of high-quality machine learning models. On the other hand, the data is distributed over many devices that are typically power-constrained and have limited computational capabilities. To reduce the amount o...
3,212,635,539,849
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} We consider finite simple graphs, and use standard terminology and notations. Denote by $V(G)$ and $E(G)$ the vertex set and edge set of a graph $G.$ The {\it order} of a graph is its number of vertices, and the {\it size} is its number of edges. Let $e(G)$ denote the size of $G.$ For a vertex ...
3,212,635,539,850
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} $H_\infty$ control problems have attracted attention from a lot of researchers in control and optimization fields since primal-dual interior-point methods (PDIPMs) were proposed in 90's. $H_\infty$ control problems can be reformulated as linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem a...
3,212,635,539,851
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 1957 Everett \cite{everett1957relative} analyzed the quantum measurement process in terms of the unitary evolution of a total quantum state that describe not only the system to be measured, but also the apparatus, the observers of the apparatus and the observers of the observers.\footnote{R...
3,212,635,539,852
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Some active galactic nuclei (AGNs) emit a large amount of radiation as well as jet phenomena, that are considered to be driven by the gas accretion onto the nucleus of galaxies (e.g., Rees 1984). It is now widely accepted that the nucleus of galaxies harbors a SMBH with a mass of...
3,212,635,539,853
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Heavy-ion collisions (HIC) offer a unique possibility to study bulk properties of hot and compressed nuclear matter. One of the main goals of such study is to determine the density-dependence of the symmetry energy (SE) at high densities \cite{li08,bar05,Colonna20}. The symmetry energy pla...
3,212,635,539,854
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Charm rare decays represent a unique chance to investigate Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) processes mediated by up-type quarks. These studies, which are complemetary to those on B and K sectors, together with those on Lepton Number Violating (LNV) processes, could allow to test Standar...
3,212,635,539,855
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\mathbb{P}$ denote the set of prime numbers, $d>0$ be a squarefree integer and $a \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $a \neq -1$ and $a$ is not a square. Set \[ \mathcal{P}_{(a,d)} = \{ p \in \mathbb{P} : p \equiv 1 \pmod{d} \; \; \; \mbox{and} \; \; \; a^{(p-1)/d} \equiv 1 \pmod{p} \} \] and \[ P_{a,...
3,212,635,539,856
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Precise manipulation of the mechanical properties of solids is critical to the design of a wide spectrum of materials. Auxetic materials, which have a negative Poisson's ratio, $\nu< 0$, represent a promising yet under-exploited class of systems for potential applications in areas such as imp...
3,212,635,539,857
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Strong X-ray emission is a common property of pre-main sequence stars. \mbox{T Tauri} stars, often considered as young solar analogs, show strong X-ray emission with luminosities in the range of approximately $10^{29}-10^{31}\, \mathrm{~erg\,s^{-1}}$ \citep[e.g.][]{Preibisch2005,Gudel2007d}, whic...
3,212,635,539,858
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} In tradition imitation learning scenarios, demonstrations provide a descriptive medium for specifying robotic tasks. Prior work has shown that robots can acquire a range of complex skills through demonstration, such as table tennis [1], drawer opening [2], and multi-stage manipulation tasks [3]...
3,212,635,539,859
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \subsection{Problem Statement} Current techniques for writer identification often rely on the classical tools, methodologies, and algorithms in handwriting recognition (and in general in any image-based pattern recognition) such as skeletonizing, contouring, line-base...
3,212,635,539,860
arxiv
\section*{\normalsize\bf 1. INTRODUCTION} \vskip 8pt The present understanding of strong interactions is that they are described by Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). This non-Abelian field theory not only describes how quarks and antiquarks interact, but also predicts that the gluons which are the quanta of the field will...
3,212,635,539,861
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mixed order parameter (OP) systems often exhibit unanticipated material properties that can be of technological importance. A good example is that of the recently studied ferromagnetic martensite such as the Heusler alloy. Apart from the martensite transformation temperature, such alloys...
3,212,635,539,862
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{section-intro}} The proximity of M87 \citep[$D$=16 Mpc;][]{ton91} makes it one of the best systems to study relativistic jets at high linear resolution (Fig.~\ref{fig-1}). Our observations with the {\it Chandra}\ X-ray Observatory isolated short (month) timescale variability \citep{har06} ...
3,212,635,539,863
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Audio super-resolution is the task of reconstructing a high-resolution audio signal from a low-resolution one. The sampling rate of the low-resolution signal is increased. It is also known as time series super-resolution \cite{birnbaum2019temporal} or bandwidth extension \cite{...
3,212,635,539,864
arxiv
\section{\label{int}Introduction} Nuclear energy is one of the most efficient sources of energy based on the Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula ($\Delta E=\Delta mc^2$). It originates in the strong force holding the protons and neutrons together. The release of nuclear energy happens when nucleons rearrange th...
3,212,635,539,865
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We have recently witnessed the birth of gravitational wave astronomy, where the LIGO/VIRGO Collaboration reported compelling evidence on the detection of gravitational waves, which is compatible with a scenario of binary black hole mergers predicted by General Relativity (GR) \cite{Abbott:2016b...
3,212,635,539,866
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Axion-like particles (ALPs) are very light pseudoscalar bosons $a$, with a two-photon coupling described by the Lagrangian \begin{equation} {\mathcal L}_{a\gamma}= -\frac{1}{4} g_{a\gamma} F_{\mu\nu}{\tilde F}^{\mu \nu} a = g_{a\gamma}\, {\bf E}\cdot {\bf B}\, a \,\ , \label{eq:axlagrang} \end{...
3,212,635,539,867
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Patents are the authority awarded monopolies, granted for innovations that are novel, inventive, and non-obvious in nature. Any individual who wishes to get a grant for an idea must draft a detailed technical patent application document. Further application documents are ...
3,212,635,539,868
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:INTRODUCTION} Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been intensively studied in the last two decades (for a review see Ref.~\onlinecite{Gatteschi2006}). At low temperature these remarkable molecules behave in part like bulk magnets thanks to their very long magnetization relaxation...
3,212,635,539,869
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A birth-death process is a continuous-time Markov process with values in $\N=\{0,1,\dots\}$ which evolves by jumps of two types: onto the integer just above (birth) or just below (death). We denote by BDP$(\a,\b)$ the birth-death process with positive birth rate $\a=(\a(x))_{x\in \N}$ and non-...
3,212,635,539,870
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Revisiting the \emph{stroke correspondence problem} is motivated by developing a robust, freely available, open-source Japanese on-line handwriting recognition engine, especially considering the current advance of touch-driven mobile devices. For handwriting recognition, learning based methods ...
3,212,635,539,871
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network coding, introduced in \cite{ahlswede2000network}, has proven to be an important tool for improving network throughput. As one of the simplest applications of network coding, the two-way relay network (TWRN) has been extensively studied in the literature. A TWRN usually comprises two so...
3,212,635,539,872
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} The primary motivation behind the investigation of hybrid metric-Palatini theories is the fact that these theories are able to overcome flaws of both the metric and the Palatini approaches to $f\left(R\right)$ gravity. Considering $f\left(R\right)$ in both these formalism, one is ...
3,212,635,539,873
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background} Molecular gas is an important part of the interstellar medium (ISM), but its primary component H$_{2}$\ is difficult to detect in clouds of diffuse gas owing to insufficient collisional excitation of the lowest rotational levels and the lack of a dipole moment. As a r...
3,212,635,539,874
arxiv
\section{Updates for variational means and covariances} \label{app:variationalParams} Closed-form updates for the variational parameters can be obtained from mean-field theory \citep{Nguyen2013b_GPRN,Nguyen2015_thesis}. For the nodes, the variational means and covariances are given by \begin{equation} \label{eq:sigma...
3,212,635,539,875
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes \cite{Gallager62} have been widely applied to many practical applications, such as wireless communication and data storage systems \cite{Divsalar2009protograph,Nguyen2012protograph,chen2018rate}, for their powerful error correction capability under iterati...
3,212,635,539,876
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subfile{intro.tex} \section{Related Work} \subfile{related.tex} \subfile{interactive_learning.tex} \section{Semantic Parsing to SQL} \label{sec:model} \subfile{model.tex} \section{Benchmark Experiments} \subfile{benchmark_experiments.tex} \section{Interactive Learning Experiments}...
3,212,635,539,877
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The majority of stars in our Galaxy are M dwarfs: low-mass, low-luminosity, cool main sequence stars, which make up most of the Galaxy's baryonic mass. M dwarf stars have main sequence lifetimes much longer than the current age of the Universe, which make them good candidates for the study of t...
3,212,635,539,878
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Agile software development is taught in university courses using different approaches comprising lectures, tutorials, and lab work with varying levels of practical experience. While some have incorporated the use of interactive sessions such as board games \citep{Heikkila2016TeachingGame}, LEGO\...
3,212,635,539,879
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Transport properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP), in particular the bulk and shear viscosities, which describe the hydrodynamic response of the system to energy and momentum density fluctuations, have attracted remarkable attention in the last years. The experimen...
3,212,635,539,880
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{emories} are an essential component of how we define ourselves and play a crucial role in learning \cite{Tulving1972}. {There are studies that argue for a massive capacity of human episodic memory for visual information} \cite{Brady2011,Standing1975}. The study of human memory ca...
3,212,635,539,881
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The modeling and analysis for space and space-time point pattern data continue to be of interest in diverse settings including, but not limited to, point patterns of locations of tree species \citep[see, e.g.,][]{Burslemetal(01), Wiegandetal(09), Illianetal(08)}, locations of disease occurrences ...
3,212,635,539,882
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper discusses the problem of experimental design with units embedded in a network. Motivated by applications in economic studies,\footnote{See for example, \cite{muralidharan2017experimentation}.} we consider the main experiment to be conducted \textit{once}, whereas a \textit{first-wav...
3,212,635,539,883
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\it $K$-contact} structures --- see the definition in Section \ref{sKcontact} --- can be viewed as the odd-dimensional counterparts of {\it almost K\"ahler} structure, in the same way as {\it Sasakian} structures are the odd-dimensional counterparts of {\it K\"ahler structures}. It has been ...
3,212,635,539,884
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The intrinsic nature of streaming data requires algorithms that are capable of fast data analysis to extract knowledge. Online clustering algorithms provide a way to extract patterns from continuous data streams. Therefore, online clustering has gained popularity in applications involving massiv...
3,212,635,539,885
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Goal-oriented dialogue is an area of increasingly high interest, both from academic and industrial perspectives. Data-driven approaches to developing such systems \cite{Lemon:2012:DMA:2412075} proved to be more flexible and scalable to various scenarios and domains than previous...
3,212,635,539,886
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Consider the three-node chain network in Fig. \ref{fig:figure1}. Nodes $S_1$ and $S_2$ are the source nodes which are going to communicate with each other. In particular, we consider two real numbers $r_1$ and $r_2$, which $S_1$ and $S_2$ are going to exchange, respectively...
3,212,635,539,887
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Consider the Ginzburg-Landau free energy of a binary fluid with matched density (assumed to be $1$) \begin{align}\label{GLenergy} E(\phi)=\gamma\int_{\Omega}\frac{1}{\epsilon}F(\phi)+\frac{\epsilon}{2}|\nabla\phi|^2\,dx, \end{align} where $\gamma$ is a dimensionless surface tension parameter, $F(...
3,212,635,539,888
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent experimental realizations of ideally clean quasi one dimensional (Q1D) systems, like ultra cold Fermi gases in elongated harmonic traps \cite{cold_atoms} and high mobility quantum wires in the so-called cleaved edge overgrowth samples\cite{ceo}, have stimulated a new intense theoretic...
3,212,635,539,889
arxiv
\section{Analytical evaluation of the bispectrum multipoles} \label{app:A} The orientation of the $\left\{\mathbf{k}_1, \mathbf{k}_2, \mathbf{k}_3\right\}$ triangle w.r.t. the LOS in the model for the redshift-space bispectrum $B_s(\mathbf{k}_1, \mathbf{k}_2, \mathbf{k}_3,\hat{n})$, eq.(\ref{eq:Btheory}), is expressed...
3,212,635,539,890
arxiv
\section{Classification of process} What role does chance play in the evolution of the universe? Until the development of quantum mechanics, the general consensus was that what we perceived as chance was really just a manifestation of our lack of complete knowledge of a situation. In a letter to Max Born in December o...
3,212,635,539,891
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\bf A. The Pontryagin duality} establishes a canonical isomorphism between the locally compact abelian group $G$ and the group $\hbox{\bf Char}~(\hbox{\bf Char}~(G))$, where $\hbox{\bf Char}$ is the group of characters of $G$, i.e. the homomorphisms $G\to S^1$ \cite{Pon1}; such a duality genera...
3,212,635,539,892
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \par We consider the initial value problem, \begin{equation} \label{IVP} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_{tt}-\Delta u=|u|^p &\mbox{in}\quad {\bf R}^n\times[0,\infty),\\ u(x,0)={\varepsilon} f(x),\ u_t(x,0)={\varepsilon} g(x), & x\in{\bf R}^n, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $u=u(x,t)$ is an...
3,212,635,539,893
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Symmetry is an essential concept in quantum mechanics for describing properties that are invariant under particular transformations. Physical observables, for example, must be totally symmetric under the group of symmetry operations corresponding to a quantum system, and the exact wave function ...
3,212,635,539,894
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} Federated learning, where multiple parties construct a joint model with each party's own data, has become more and more popular with the increase of the emphasis on privacy. Many architectures have been proposed (e.g.\citet{mcmahan2016communication} and \citet{konevcny2016fe...
3,212,635,539,895
arxiv
3,212,635,539,896
arxiv
\section*{Motivation : Results of Gross and Greenberg} The purpose of this paper is to prove a result involving Selmer groups, predicted by the Iwasawa main conjectures, corresponding to a factorization formula involving $p$-adic $L$-functions obtained by Dasgupta in \cite{dasgupta2014factorization}. Dasgupta's method ...
3,212,635,539,897
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two-dimensional (2D) materials formed by a few atomic layers are likely to be featured in high-performing electronic devices in the near future, thanks to their high charge mobility, strong gating capabilities, and other unusual properties. For nearly a decade, the focus was primarily on g...
3,212,635,539,898
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Digitalisation influences all parts of society. In its heart resides Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), technologies with roots in natural science and a third-person objectivising stance~\cite{Grimm2016}. Research in the area then inherits values that are concerned with groun...
3,212,635,539,899
arxiv
\section{Main Theorem} \subsection{Alexander Duality} We recall that for a compact set $X\subset S^n$ there is a natural isomorphism $AD_n:H^{n-k-1}(X)\to H_k(S^n\setminus X)$ called the Alexander duality. The naturality means that for a closed subset $Y\subset X$ there is a commutative diagram (1): $$ \begi...
3,212,635,539,900
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the early 1990s, a number of \emph{quantum} algorithms have been discovered that have much better query complexity than their best classical counterparts~\cite{deutsch&jozsa,simon:power,grover:search,ambainis:edj,fgg:nandtreej,acrsz:andor}. Around the same time, the area of \emph{property ...
3,212,635,539,901
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are created by fast spinning neutron stars that produce highly relativistic magnetized particle winds, inflating an expanding bubble, confined by the expanding ejecta of the supernova explosion. Electrons and positrons are accelerated to relativistic speeds at ...
3,212,635,539,902
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multi-object tracking (MOT) is the problem concerned with recursively estimating the state of an unknown and time-varying number of objects, based on a sequence of noisy sensor measurements. The objects of interest can enter and leave the field-of-view (FOV) at any time, they do not always genera...
3,212,635,539,903
arxiv
\section{Keywords} graphene nanoribbons, electronic structure, GNR magnetism, graphene interconnects, quasiparticle band gaps. \section{Introduction} Graphene has attracted enormous attention due to its extraordinary electronic, optical, thermal and mechanical properties, and immense potentials for nanoelectronic appl...
3,212,635,539,904
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \IEEEPARstart{M}{ulti-Person} pose estimation refers to estimating pixel-level joints positions for each person in images. Specifically, the number of people is larger than one in each image, which makes judging joints belonging and locating joints positions to become two necessary tasks. Multi-...
3,212,635,539,905
arxiv
\section{S1 Hybridization function} The hybridization function was defined as, \begin{equation} K_{\sigma}(\omega)=\sum_{{\bm k}}\frac{|V_{{\bm k},\sigma}|^2}{\omega+i\eta -\epsilon_{{\bm k}}+\mu}. \end{equation} We write $K_{\sigma}(\omega)=\Lambda_{\sigma}(\omega)-i\Gamma_{\sigma}(\omega)$. If we assume that $V_...